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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Post-back + Page Refresh. Post/Redirect/Get pattern alternatives?

    - by Andrew Florko
    When user posts back a web form and then tries to refresh the page - dialog "would you like to resend information" pops up (Opera works silently though). To avoid this we can redirect browser to the page we'd like to show after postback. Now, when user refreshes the page, he duplicates get-request and no pop-ups. Everything is ok but post/redirect/get approach requires additional roundtrip. Is there better alternatives. Send form data with ajax aynchronously, for example? Thank you in advance!

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  • Mono on OS X Compatible with MSVC 2010 peers?

    - by Chris
    I'm to begin .NET development at work but have the option of using MonoDevelop/Mono on OS X instead of MSVC 2010 on Windows and would prefer it because of my familiarity with OS X. We are likely going to use a number of popular frameworks, such as NHibernate and Castle DI - my question to those of you familiar with .NET development and Mono: will I be at much of a disadvantage? Are there strong incompatibilities or, with some "paper cuts", the two systems are roughly compatible? Again, my colleagues will be using MSVC 2010 and we intend on working on the same codebases together. Thanks for any insight you can give to this .NET newbie. EDIT: I should note I'll primarily be doing development with MVC 2, which I understand does work with Mono, and will have some leeward in choosing frameworks, i.e. I can avoid highly incompatible frameworks.

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  • Three boolean values saved in one tinyint

    - by Casper
    Hello, probably a simple question but I seem to be suffering from programmer's block. :) I have three boolean values: A, B, and C. I would like to save the state combination as an unsigned tinyint (max 255) into a database and be able to derive the states from the saved integer. Even though there are only a limited number of combinations, I would like to avoid hard-coding each state combination to a specific value (something like if A=true and B=true has the value 1). I tried to assign values to the variables so (A=1, B=2, C=3) and then adding, but I can't differentiate between A and B being true from i.e. only C being true. I am stumped but pretty sure that it is possible. Thanks

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  • NoneType has no attribute Append

    - by Rosarch
    I'm new to Python. I can't understand why a variable is None at a certain point in my code: class UsersInRoom(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): room_id = self.request.get("room_id") username = self.request.get("username") UserInRoom_entities = UserInRoom.gql("WHERE room = :1", room_id).get() if UserInRoom_entities: for user_in_room in UserInRoom_entities: if user_in_room.username == username: user_in_room.put() # last_poll auto updates to now whenenever user_in_room is saved else: user_in_room = UserInRoom() user_in_room.username = username user_in_room.put() UserInRoom_entities = [] UserInRoom_entities.append(user_in_room) // error here # name is `user_at_room` intead of `user_in_room` to avoid confusion usernames = [user_at_room.username for user_at_room in UserInRoom_entities] self.response.out.write(json.dumps(usernames)) The error is: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 507, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "path\to\chat.py", line 160, in get AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'append' How is this possible? I'm setting UserInRoom_entities = [] immediately before that call. Or is something else the None in question?

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  • Iterate attributes and IBOutlets of a UIViewController

    - by Espuz
    I've a generic UIViewController on my app. All the UIViewController on the app inherits from this generic one. I'm trying to automate the deallocation and releasing of attributes and IBOutlets as properties. I'm doing the first (attributes) on dealloc method and the second (IBOutlets as properties) on viewDidUnload. - (void) dealloc { [_att1 release]; _att1 = nil; [_att2 release]; _att2 = nil; // ... } - (void) viewDidUnload { self.att1 = nil; // att1 is an IBOutlet self.att2 = nil; // att2 is an IBOutlet // ... } Is there any way to iterate all my attributes and IBOutlets to simplify this operations? I want to avoid do it for each outlet and attribute and delegate it to the generic UIViewController. Thanks.

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  • Is there an easier way to reconcile a list of files and a directory with subfolders/files to find ch

    - by rwmnau
    I have a SQL Server table with a list of files (path + filename), and a folder with multiple layers and files in each layer. I'm looking for a way to reconcile the two without having to process the list twice. Currently, I'm doing this: For Each f as FileInfo In FileListFromDatabase If f.Exists is False, mark it as deleted in the database Next For Each f as FileInfo In RecursiveListOFFilesOnDisk If Not FileExistsInDatabase, then add it Next Is there a better way to do this? I'd like to avoid converting all the matching files (of which most will be) to FileInfo objects twice. Since I'm a T-SQL developer first, I'm picturing something like an OUTER JOIN of the two lists where they don't match. Something LINQ-ish?

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  • How can I configure a Hudson job to use a specific JDK?

    - by rewbs
    I have a number of projects running on a Hudson slave. I'd like one of them to run Ant under Java6, rather than the default (which is Java5 in my environment). In the project configuration view, I was hoping to find either: An explicit option allowing me to set a custom JDK location to use for this project. A way to set custom environment variables for this project, which would allow me to set JAVA_HOME to the JDK6 location. The would make Ant pick up and run on Java6 as desired. Is there a way to do either of the above? If one of those facilities is available, I can't see how to access it. I'm running on Hudson 1.285. I would rather avoid using an "execute shell" operation instead of the "invoke Ant" operation if possible: my slave is on z/OS and Hudson doesn't seem to create the temporary shell scripts properly on this platform (probably an encoding issue).

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  • Regex to catch all files but those starting with "."

    - by tmslnz
    In a directory with mixed content such as: .afile .anotherfile bfile.file bnotherfile.file .afolder/ .anotherfolder/ bfolder/ bnotherfolder/ How would you catch everything but the files (not dirs) starting with .? I have tried with a negative lookahead ^(?!\.).+? but it doesn't seem to work right. Please note that I would like to avoid doing it by excluding the . by using [a-zA-Z< plus all other possible chars minus the dot >] Any suggestions?

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  • deleting a large number of rows from a table

    - by Azeem
    We have a requirement to delete rows in the order of millions from multiple tables as a batch job (note that we are not deleting all the rows, we are deleting based on a timestamp stored in an indexed column). Obviously a normal DELETE takes forever (because of logging, referential constraint checking etc.). I know in the LUW world, we have ALTER TABLE NOT LOGGED INITIALLY but I can't seem to find the an equivalent SQL statement for DB2 v8 z/OS. Any one has any ideas on how to do this really fast? Also, any ideas on how to avoid the referential checks when deleting the rows? Please let me know.

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  • replacing values in formated file with python

    - by froggy
    I have a string see attached file like that and i would like to modify it using a function Giving section name parameter name and value to set Also in case i want to modify several parameters for a same section how can i have position in file to avoid scanning x time for a same section and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question an and other to pass my question d other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my questionand other to pass my question and other to pass my question

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  • Set Hibernate session's flush mode in Spring

    - by glaz666
    I am writing integration tests and in one test method I'd like to write some data to DB and then read it. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"}) @TransactionConfiguration() @Transactional public class SimpleIntegrationTest { @Resource private DummyDAO dummyDAO; /** * Tries to store {@link com.example.server.entity.DummyEntity}. */ @Test public void testPersistTestEntity() { int countBefore = dummyDAO.findAll().size(); DummyEntity dummyEntity = new DummyEntity(); dummyDAO.makePersistent(dummyEntity); //HERE SHOULD COME SESSION.FLUSH() int countAfter = dummyDAO.findAll().size(); assertEquals(countBefore + 1, countAfter); } } As you can see between storing and reading data, the session should be flushed because the default FushMode is AUTO thus no data can be actually stored in DB. Question: Can I some how set FlushMode to ALWAYS in session factory or somewhere else to avoid repeating session.flush() call? All DB calls in DAO goes with HibernateTemplate instance. Thanks in advance.

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  • Status corresponding to Minimum value

    - by Lijo
    Hi Team, I am using SQL Server 2005. I have a table as given below. There can be multiple cancellations for each FundingID. I want to select the FundingCancellationReason corrersponding to minimum date for each funding. I wrote a query as follows. It is an SQL error 1) Could you please help me to avoid the SQL Error? 2) Is there any better logic to achieve the same? CREATE TABLE #FundingCancellation( [FundingCancellationID] INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FundingID] INT , FundingCancellationDt SMALLDATETIME , FundingCancellationReason VARCHAR(50) ) SELECT FundingID, MIN(FundingCancellationDt), ( SELECT FundingCancellationReason FROM #FundingCancellation FC2 WHERE FC1.FundingID = FC2.FundingID AND FC2.FundingCancellationDt = MIN(FundingCancellationDt) ) [Reason Corresponding Minimum Date] FROM #FundingCancellation FC1 GROUP BY FundingID -- An aggregate may not appear in the WHERE clause unless it is in a subquery contained in a HAVING clause or a select list, and the column being aggregated is an outer reference. I have seen the similar approach working in a somewhat complex query. So I believe tehre will be a way to correct my query Thanks Lijo

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  • How do I change the class of an object to a subclass of its current class in C++?

    - by Jared P
    I have an array of pointers to a base class, so that I can make those pointers point to (different) subclasses of the base class, but still interact with them. (really only a couple of methods which I made virtual and overloaded) I'm wondering if I can avoid using the pointers, and instead just make an array of the base class, but have some way to set the class to the subclass of my choosing. I know there must be something there specifying the class, as it needs to use that to look up the function pointer for virtual methods. By the way, the subclasses all have the same ivars and layout. Note: the design is actually based on using a template argument instead of a variable, due to performance increases, so really the abstract base class is just the interface for the subclasses, which are all the same except for their compiled code. Thanks

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  • Prevent Erroneous Property Assignment

    - by Gordon
    Porting android applications to iphone applications always gives me the following pattern that I accidentally create: - (void) myFunc:(id)prop { self.property = property; } Which instead should be: - (void) myFunc:(id)prop { self.property = prop; } This always causes my program to quietly break because property gets reset to its existing value rather than being set to the new value, 'prop'. I cannot name the parameter 'prop' to 'property' since the compile complains that the parameter masks the instance variables visibility. Is there a good way to avoid this situation? There are no compiler warnings. Is there a way to make xcode prevent this? I cannot see very many situations where you would set a property to the value of its underlying instance variable (maybe to trigger a KVO binding?), but I don't see myself doing that in majority of cases. I understand the above code is synthetic and should be done with @synthesize, but I am just using it as a simplified example to illustrate my point.

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  • UIWebView load remote html page with local images and javascript files

    - by BlueNile
    Im creating application that will display remote page on the UIWebView using local images and javascript/css files for faster loading. I want to avoid using cache because for this to work it must first load all the content. I was searching online for possible solution. Here is what I have: NSURLRequest *urlrequest = [ [NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL: [NSURL URLWithString:urlString] ]; NSData *returnData = [ NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:urlrequest returningResponse: nil error: nil ]; NSString *HTMLData = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:returnData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSString *resourcePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath]; resourcePath = [resourcePath stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"/" withString:@"//"]; resourcePath = [resourcePath stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@"%20"]; [webView loadHTMLString:HTMLData baseURL: [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"file:/%@//",resourcePath] ]]; urlString is defined and I moved files to the app bundle. Code works as I can see the remote page but no images nor javascript files are present.

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  • JSF navigation on commandbutton

    - by Nitesh Panchal
    Hello, I want to conditionally navigate to some page. If some condition is true i want to navigate to some other page else i want to remain on the same page. I have something like :- <h:commandButton action="#{bean.navigate}"/> in bean.navigate i have something like :- public String navigate(){ if(value <= 0) return "helloWorld"; else return ""; } But if i return "", error is thrown and in h:messages message is appended that page not found etc. How do i avoid this error?

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  • Jquery function calls more than one time.

    - by Harie
    I am having an aspx page in which I am calling a user control. The user control I am using a pop up to display it when a user clicks a asp:linkbutton. In that user control I am having a textbox and I am calling a Jquery Blur to do some validation. While doing so the function is calling [blur] is calling twice. I just called an alert() with the textbox value.So I can see the alert is coming twice .What I need to do to avoid the second time. I need to do it only whenever the user going out of the textbox and that also one time. $('#<%=txtCategory.ClientID %>').blur(function() { alert($(this).val()); }); This is called twice.Thanks for ur response.

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  • Javascript object encapsulation that tracks changes

    - by Raynos
    Is it possible to create an object container where changes can be tracked Said object is a complex nested object of data. (compliant with JSON). The wrapper allows you to get the object, and save changes, without specifically stating what the changes are Does there exist a design pattern for this kind of encapsulation Deep cloning is not an option since I'm trying to write a wrapper like this to avoid doing just that. The solution of serialization should only be considered if there are no other solutions. An example of use would be var foo = state.get(); // change state state.update(); // or state.save(); client.tell(state.recentChange()); A jsfiddle snippet might help : http://jsfiddle.net/Raynos/kzKEp/ It seems like implementing an internal hash to keep track of changes is the best option. [Edit] To clarify this is actaully done on node.js on the server. The only thing that changes is that the solution can be specific to the V8 implementation.

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  • Typeclass instances for unnamed types in Scala

    - by ncreep
    How would one encode the following constraint in Scala (pseudocode)? def foo(x: T forSome { type T has a Numeric[T] instance in scope }) = { val n= implicitly[...] // obtain the Numeric instance for x n.negate(x) // and use it with x } In words: I need a type class instance for my input argument, but I don't care about the argument's type, I just need to obtain the instance and use it on my argument. It doesn't have to be an existential type, but I need to avoid type parameters in the def's signature. Thanks.

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  • Is it considered bad practice to have ViewModel objects hold the Dispatcher?

    - by stiank81
    My WPF application is structured using the MVVM pattern. The ViewModels will communicate asynchronously with a server, and when the requested data is returned a callback in the ViewModel is triggered, and it will do something with this data. This will run on a thread which is not the UI Thread. Sometimes these callbacks involve work that needs to be done on the UI thread, so I need the Dispatcher. This might be things such as: Adding data to an ObservableCollection Trigger Prism commands that will set something to be displayed in the GUI Creating WPF objects of some kind. I try to avoid the latter, but the two first points here I find to be reasonable things for ViewModels to do. So; is it okay to have ViewModels hold the Dispatcher to be able to Invoke commands for the UI thread? Or is this considered bad practice? And why?

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  • Response.Redirect exception

    - by Tedd Hansen
    Executing the line: Response.Redirect("Whateva.aspx", true); Results in: A first chance exception of type 'System.Threading.ThreadAbortException' occurred in mscorlib.dll An exception of type 'System.Threading.ThreadAbortException' occurred in mscorlib.dll but was not handled in user code The exception is because of the "true" part, telling it to end the current request immediately. Is this how it should be? If we consider: Exceptions are generally considered heavy, and many times the reason for ending the request early is to avoid processing the rest of the page. Exceptions show up in performance monitoring, so monitoring the solution will show a false number of exceptions. Is there an alternative way to achieve the same?

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  • Help Fix a bug - Unexpected T_STRING

    - by thecoshman
    So I have just rebuilt my server, just on local network. Stick my site back on it, try to run the code, and I get a anice T_STRING error. This is all very strange, as I have not changed the code :S <?php $window_ID = -1; if(isset($_POST["window_ID"]) AND $_POST["window_ID"] != null){ $window_ID = trim($_POST["window_ID"]); } ?> This is the start of the file, apter this rather loverly snipit of PHP the rest is just XMl, yet on line 6 appertnlty there is an unexpected T_STRING, which is strange considering all that is on that line is the ?>, then the XML starts up... Any one got any ideas what has gone wrong here? Any chance it ould be magic quotes? I had turned it of before, but I want to now update my code to check for the magic quotes and avoid its stupid actions.

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  • How can I write to the previous line in a log file using Python's Logging module?

    - by turvyc
    Hi all, long-time lurker here, finally emerging from the woodwork. Essentially, what I'm trying to do is have my logger write data like this to the logfile: Connecting to database . . . Done. I'd like the 'Connecting to database . . . ' to be written when the function is called, and the 'Done' written after the function has successfully executed. I'm using Python 2.6 and the logging module. Also, I'd really like to avoid using decorators for this. Any help would be most appreciated!

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  • Use a function in a conditions hash

    - by Pierre
    Hi, I'm building a conditions hash to run a query but I'm having a problem with one specific case: conditions2 = ['extract(year from signature_date) = ?', params[:year].to_i] unless params[:year].blank? conditions[:country_id] = COUNTRIES.select{|c| c.geography_id == params[:geographies]} unless params[:geographies].blank? conditions[:category_id] = CATEGORY_CHILDREN[params[:categories].to_i] unless params[:categories].blank? conditions[:country_id] = params[:countries] unless params[:countries].blank? conditions['extract(year from signature_date)'] = params[:year].to_i unless params[:year].blank? But the last line breaks everything, as it gets interpreted as follows: AND ("negotiations"."extract(year from signature_date)" = 2010 Is there a way to avoid that "negotiations"." is prepended to my condition? thank you, P.

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