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  • How to read BC4 texture in GLSL?

    - by Question
    I'm supposed to receive a texture in BC4 format. In OpenGL, i guess this format is called GL_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1. The texture is not really a "texture", more like a data to handle at fragment shader. Usually, to get colors from a texture within a fragment shader, i do : uniform sampler2D TextureUnit; void main() { vec4 TexColor = texture2D(TextureUnit, vec2(gl_TexCoord[0])); (...) the result of which is obviously a v4, for RGBA. But now, i'm supposed to receive a single float from the read. I'm struggling to understand how this is achieved. Should i still use a texture sampler, and expect the value to be in a specific position (for example, within TexColor.r ?), or should i use something else ?

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  • How to utilize miniMax algorithm in Checkers game

    - by engineer
    I am sorry...as there are too many articles about it.But I can't simple get this. I am confused in the implementation of AI. I have generated all possible moves of computer's type pieces. Now I can't decide the flow. Whether I need to start a loop for the possible moves of each piece and assign score to it.... or something else is to be done. Kindly tell me the proper flow/algorithm for this. Thanks

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  • In a Tower defense game, how to do buffs/debuffs

    - by Gabe
    The question is at the very bottom. If you understand Buffs/Debuffs in tower defense games then you should skip the bulk of this question and go to the bottom (seperated with the long line) I plan on making an IPhone TD game. The fact that its an iPhone game isn't relevant but I am coding in Objective-c with Cocos2D. I am relatively inexperienced in the field of game design so I'm looking for some advice from someone experienced in this field. In tower defense, there are two things that are relevant to my question: towers/enemies (both have their own classes/children). They each have stats like hp, damage, speed, etc. I want to add buffs/defuffs, for instance: Towers A,B and C each have 15 base damage. Tower D would be a buff tower with no damage, a tower with an AOE(area of effect) aura that gives 10% damage to all towers in range. Tower E might slow enemies in its AOE, a debuff. Stuff like that. The same could go for enemies. Enemy A is a boss that has a slow aura that affects towers and slows their base attack speed or something along those lines. So the question is, what would be the most effective way to implement this? If it was just towers then I would just mess around with the tower classes, but since tower classes and enemy classes are both affected, should I make a buff class? TD games can consume quite a bit of memory with large amounts of creeps and towers, and buffs I feel like would also consume quit a bit... So I'm trying to be as effective as possible.

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  • Making entire scene fade to grayscale

    - by Fibericon
    When the player loses all of their lives, I want the entire game screen to go grayscale, but not stop updating immediately. I'd also prefer it fade to grayscale instead of suddenly lose all color. Everything I've found so far is either about taking a screenshot and making it grayscale, or making a specific texture grayscale. Is there a way to change the entire playing field and all objects within to grayscale without iterating through everything?

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  • How should I unbind and delete OpenAL buffers?

    - by Joe Wreschnig
    I'm using OpenAL to play sounds. I'm trying to implement a fire-and-forget play function that takes a buffer ID and assigns it to a source from a pool I have previously allocated, and plays it. However, there is a problem with object lifetimes. In OpenGL, delete functions either automatically unbind things (e.g. textures), or automatically deletes the thing when it eventually is unbound (e.g. shaders) and so it's usually easy to manage deletion. However alDeleteBuffers instead simply fails with AL_INVALID_OPERATION if the buffer is still bound to a source. Is there an idiomatic way to "delete" OpenAL buffers that allows them to finish playing, and then automatically unbinds and really them? Do I need to tie buffer management more deeply into the source pool (e.g. deleting a buffer requires checking all the allocated sources also)? Similarly, is there an idiomatic way to unbind (but not delete) buffers when they are finished playing? It would be nice if, when I was looking for a free source, I only needed to see if a buffer was attached at all and not bother checking the source state. (I'm using C++, although approaches for C are also fine. Approaches assuming a GCd language and using finalizers are probably not applicable.)

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  • Mobile 3D engine renders alpha as full-object transparency

    - by Nils Munch
    I am running a iOS project using the isgl3d framework for showing pod files. I have a stylish car with 0.5 alpha windows, that I wish to render on a camera background, seeking some augmented reality goodness. The alpha on the windows looks okay, but when I add the object, I notice that it renders the entire object transparently, where the windows are. Including interior of the car. Like so (in example, keyboard can be seen through the dashboard, seats and so on. should be solid) The car interior is a seperate object with alpha 1.0. I would rather not show a "ghost car" in my project, but I haven't found a way around this. Have anyone encountered the same issue, and eventually reached a solution ?

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  • How should I invoke a physics engine?

    - by ymfoi
    I'm new to writing games. I'm planning to write a 2D battle game which may require an physics engine. Suppose I've written one, but how can I combine it with the main routine of my game? Should I attach it directly to the graphics render routine or put it in an individual thread? I've spent much time looking for some common approach, but found nothing. So can you reveal some basics idea for me, a newbie? Thanks! P.S. There're many other problems I have to deal with if I choose to start a separate thread for the physics engine, for example, the lock problem, while from my intuition, I guess I'd better separate the render and the physics engine.

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  • Is it important for reflection-based serialization maintain consistent field ordering?

    - by Matchlighter
    I just finished writing a packet builder that dynamically loads data into a data stream for eventual network transmission. Each builder operates by finding fields in a given class (and its superclasses) that are marked with a @data annotation. When I finishing my implementation, I remembered that getFields() does not return results in any specific order. Should reflection-based methods for serializing arbitrary data (like my packets) attempt to preserve a specific field ordering (such as alphabetical), and if so, how?

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  • Best algorithm for recursive adjacent tiles?

    - by OhMrBigshot
    In my game I have a set of tiles placed in a 2D array marked by their Xs and Zs ([1,1],[1,2], etc). Now, I want a sort of "Paint Bucket" mechanism: Selecting a tile will destroy all adjacent tiles until a condition stops it, let's say, if it hits an object with hasFlag. Here's what I have so far, I'm sure it's pretty bad, it also freezes everything sometimes: void destroyAdjacentTiles(int x, int z) { int GridSize = Cubes.GetLength(0); int minX = x == 0 ? x : x-1; int maxX = x == GridSize - 1 ? x : x+1; int minZ = z == 0 ? z : z-1; int maxZ = z == GridSize - 1 ? z : z+1; Debug.Log(string.Format("Cube: {0}, {1}; X {2}-{3}; Z {4}-{5}", x, z, minX, maxX, minZ, maxZ)); for (int curX = minX; curX <= maxX; curX++) { for (int curZ = minZ; curZ <= maxZ; curZ++) { if (Cubes[curX, curZ] != Cubes[x, z]) { Debug.Log(string.Format(" Checking: {0}, {1}", curX, curZ)); if (Cubes[curX,curZ] && Cubes[curX,curZ].GetComponent<CubeBehavior>().hasFlag) { Destroy(Cubes[curX,curZ]); destroyAdjacentTiles(curX, curZ); } } } } }

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  • 2D Skeletal Animation Transformations

    - by Brad Zeis
    I have been trying to build a 2D skeletal animation system for a while, and I believe that I'm fairly close to finishing. Currently, I have the following data structures: struct Bone { Bone *parent; int child_count; Bone **children; double x, y; }; struct Vertex { double x, y; int bone_count; Bone **bones; double *weights; }; struct Mesh { int vertex_count; Vertex **vertices; Vertex **tex_coords; } Bone->x and Bone->y are the coordinates of the end point of the Bone. The starting point is given by (bone->parent->x, bone->parent->y) or (0, 0). Each entity in the game has a Mesh, and Mesh->vertices is used as the bounding area for the entity. Mesh->tex_coords are texture coordinates. In the entity's update function, the position of the Bone is used to change the coordinates of the Vertices that are bound to it. Currently what I have is: void Mesh_update(Mesh *mesh) { int i, j; double sx, sy; for (i = 0; i < vertex_count; i++) { if (mesh->vertices[i]->bone_count == 0) { continue; } sx, sy = 0; for (j = 0; j < mesh->vertices[i]->bone_count; j++) { sx += (/* ??? */) * mesh->vertices[i]->weights[j]; sy += (/* ??? */) * mesh->vertices[i]->weights[j]; } mesh->vertices[i]->x = sx; mesh->vertices[i]->y = sy; } } I think I have everything I need, I just don't know how to apply the transformations to the final mesh coordinates. What tranformations do I need here? Or is my approach just completely wrong?

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  • Fastest way to group units that can see each other?

    - by mac
    In the 2D game I'm working with, the game engine is able to give me, for each unit, the list of other units that are in its view range. I would like to know if there is an established algorithm to sort the units in groups, where each group would be defined by all those units which are "connected" to each other (even through others). An example might help understand the question better (E=enemy, O=own unit). First the data that I would get from the game engine: E1 can see E2, E3, O5 E2 can see E1 E3 can see E1 E4 can see O5 E5 can see O2 E6 can see E7, O9, O1 E7 can see E6 O1 can see E6 O2 can see O5, E5 O5 can see E1, E4, O2 O9 can see E6 Then I should compute the groups as follow: G1 = E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, O2, O5 G2 = O1, O9, E6, E7 It can be safely assumed that there is a transitive property for the field of view: [if A sees B, then B sees A]. Just to clarify: I already wrote a naïve implementation that loops on each row of the game engine info, but from the look of it, it seems a problem general enough for it to have been studied in depth and have various established algorithms (maybe passing through some tree-like structure?). My problem is that I couldn't find a way to describe my problem that returned useful google hits. Thank you in advance for your help!

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  • Performance due to entity update

    - by Rizzo
    I always think about 2 ways to code the global Step() function, both with pros and cons. Please note that AIStep is just to provide another more step for whoever who wants it. // Approach 1 step foreach( entity in entities ) { entity.DeltaStep( delta_time ); if( time_for_fixed_step ) entity.FixedStep(); if( time_for_AI_step ) entity.AIStep(); ... // all kind of updates you want } PRO: you just have to iterate once over all entities. CON: fidelity could be lower at some scenarios, since the entity.FixedStep() isn't going all at a time. // Approach 2 step foreach( entity in entities ) entity.DeltaStep( delta_time ); if( time_for_fixed_step ) foreach( entity in entities ) entity.FixedStep(); if( time_for_AI_step ) foreach( entity in entities ) entity.FixedStep(); // all kind of updates you want SEPARATED PRO: fidelity on FixedStep is higher, shouldn't be much time between all entities update, rather than Approach 1 where you may have to wait other updates until FixedStep() comes. CON: you iterate once for each kind of update. Also, a third approach could be a hybrid between both of them, something in the way of foreach( entity in entities ) { entity.DeltaStep( delta_time ); if( time_for_AI_step ) entity.AIStep(); // all kind of updates you want BUT FixedStep() } if( time_for_fixed_step ) { foreach( entity in entities ) { entity.FixedStep(); } } Just two loops, don't caring about time fidelity in nothing other than at FixedStep(). Any thoughts on this matter? Should it really matters to make all steps at once or am I thinking on problems that don't exist?

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  • Slick2D: Animation not being parsed from spritesheet correctly

    - by user2066880
    I have a 960x960 spritesheet with each tile being 192x192. I initialized my spritesheet and animation like so: spritesheet = new SpriteSheet("resources/spritesheets/player.png", 192, 192); walkingLeft = new Animation(spritesheet, 3, 0, 0, 1, true, 20, true); When I attempt to render the animation, I get a java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1 error. This error doesn't occur when I'm creating an animation from images in the same row. Therefore, I'm assuming that the error is being caused because of the way Slick is handling horizontal scanning (going to the next row after reaching the end).

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  • Grid-Based 2D Lighting Problems

    - by Lemoncreme
    I am aware this question has been asked before, but unfortunately I am new to the language, so the complicated explanations I've found do not help me in the least. I need a lighting engine for my game, and I've tried some procedural lighting systems. This method works the best: if (light[xx - 1, yy] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx - 1, yy] - lightPass; if (light[xx, yy - 1] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx, yy - 1] - lightPass; if (light[xx + 1, yy] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx + 1, yy] - lightPass; if (light[xx, yy + 1] > light[xx, yy]) light[xx, yy] = light[xx, yy + 1] - lightPass; (Subtracts adjacent values by 'lightPass' variable if they are more bright) (It's in a for() loop) This is all fine and dandy except for a an obvious reason: The system favors whatever comes first in the for() loop This is what the above code looks like applied to my game: If I could get some help on creating a new procedural or otherwise lighting system I would really appreciate it!

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  • Drawing lines in 3D space

    - by DeadMG
    When attempting to draw a line in 3D space with D3DPT_LINELIST, then Direct3D gives me an error about an invalid vertex declaration, saying that it cannot be converted to an FVF. I am using the same vertex declaration and shader/stream setup as for my D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST rendering which works absolutely correctly. How can I use D3DPT_LINELIST to render some lines in 3D space? Edit: Oopsie, forgot my codeses. Here's my raw Draw call. D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(1, PerBoneBuffer.get(), 0, sizeof(PerInstanceData))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(1, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INSTANCEDATA | 1)); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSource(0, LineVerts, 0, sizeof(D3DXVECTOR3))); D3DCALL(device->SetStreamSourceFreq(0, D3DSTREAMSOURCE_INDEXEDDATA | lines.size())); D3DCALL(device->SetIndices(LineIndices)); PerInstanceData* data; std::vector<Wide::Render::Line*> lines_vec(lines.begin(), lines.end()); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Lock(0, lines.size() * sizeof(PerInstanceData), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&data), D3DLOCK_DISCARD)); std::for_each(lines.begin(), lines.end(), [&](Wide::Render::Line* ptr) { data->Color = D3DXColor(ptr->Colour); D3DXMATRIXA16 Translate, Scale, Rotate; D3DXMatrixTranslation(&Translate, ptr->Start.x, ptr->Start.y, ptr->Start.z); D3DXMatrixScaling(&Scale, ptr->Scale, 1, 1); D3DXMatrixRotationQuaternion(&Rotate, &D3DQuaternion(ptr->Rotation)); data->World = Scale * Rotate * Translate; }); D3DCALL(PerBoneBuffer->Unlock()); D3DCALL(device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE::D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1)); Here's my vertex declaration: D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 BasicMeshVertices[] = { {0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, {1, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, {1, 16, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1}, {1, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 2}, {1, 48, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 3}, {1, 64, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT4, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END() }; The LineIndices are just 0, 1 and the LineVerts are just {0,0,0} and {1,0,0}, to represent a unit 3D line along the X axis.

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  • Rain effect looks like snowfall effect?

    - by Nikhil Lamba
    i am making a game in that game i want rain effect i am little bit far from this right now i am doing like below particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new ColorInitializer(1, 1, 1)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new AlphaInitializer(0)); particleSystem.setBlendFunction(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new VelocityInitializer(2, 2, 20, 10)); particleSystem.addParticleInitializer(new RotationInitializer(0.0f, 30.0f)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ScaleModifier(1.0f, 2.0f, 0, 150)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ColorModifier(1, 1, 1f, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(0, 1, 0, 3)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new AlphaModifier(1, 0, 1, 125)); particleSystem.addParticleModifier(new ExpireModifier(50, 50)); scene.attachChild(particleSystem); But its looks like snowfall effect what changes i can do for make it rain effect please correct me EDIT : here is link for snapshot http://i.imgur.com/bRIMP.png

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  • How to attach turrets to tiles in a tile based game

    - by Joseph St. Pierre
    I am a flash developer, and I am building a Tower Defense game. The world is being built through tiles, and I have gotten that accomplished easily. I have also gotten level changes and enemy spawning down as well. However, I wish the player to be able to spawn turrets, and have those turrets be on specific tiles, based upon where the player placed it. Here is my code: stop(); colOffset = 50; rowOffset = 50; guns = []; placed = true; dead = 0; spawned = 0; level = 1; interval = 350 / level; amount = level * 20; counter = 0; numCol = 14; numRow = 10; tiles = []; k = 0; create = false; tileName = new Array("road","grass","end", "start"); board = new Array( new Array(1,1,1,1,3,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1), new Array(1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1), new Array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1) ); buildBoard(); function buildBoard(){ for ( col = 0; col < numCol; col++){ for ( row = 0; row < numRow; row++){ _root.attachMovie("tile", "tile_" + col + "_" + row, _root.getNextHighestDepth()); theTile = eval("tile_" + col + "_" + row); theTile._x = (col * 50); theTile._y = (row * 50); theTile.row = row; theTile.col = col; tileType = board[row][col]; theTile.gotoAndStop(tileName[tileType]); tiles.push(theTile); } } } init(); function init(){ onEnterFrame = function(){ counter += 1; if ( spawned < amount && counter > 50){ min= _root.attachMovie("minion","minion",_root.getNextHighestDepth()); min._x = tile_4_0._x + 25; min._y = tile_4_0._y + 25; min.health = 100; choose = Math.round(Math.random()); if ( choose == 0 ){ min.waypointX = [ tile_4_1._x +25, tile_3_1._x + 25, tile_3_2._x + 25, tile_3_6._x + 25, tile_2_6._x + 25, tile_2_8._x + 25, tile_8_8._x + 25, tile_8_9._x + 25, tile_10_9._x + 25, tile_10_7._x + 25, tile_11_7._x + 25, tile_11_6._x + 25, tile_12_6._x + 25, tile_12_4._x + 25, tile_11_4._x + 25, tile_11_2._x + 25, tile_10_2._x + 25, tile_10_0._x + 25]; min.waypointY = [ tile_4_1._y +25, tile_3_1._y + 25, tile_3_2._y + 25, tile_3_6._y + 25, tile_2_6._y + 25, tile_2_8._y + 25, tile_8_8._y + 25, tile_8_9._y + 25, tile_10_9._y + 25, tile_10_7._y + 25, tile_11_7._y + 25, tile_11_6._y + 25, tile_12_6._y + 25, tile_12_4._y + 25, tile_11_4._y + 25, tile_11_2._y + 25, tile_10_2._y + 25, tile_10_0._y + 25]; } else if ( choose == 1 ){ min.waypointX = [ tile_4_1._x +25, tile_3_1._x + 25, tile_3_2._x + 25, tile_3_3._x + 25, tile_5_3._x + 25, tile_5_4._x + 25, tile_7_4._x + 25, tile_7_5._x + 25, tile_8_5._x + 25, tile_8_8._x + 25, tile_8_9._x + 25, tile_10_9._x + 25, tile_10_7._x + 25, tile_11_7._x + 25, tile_11_6._x + 25, tile_12_6._x + 25, tile_12_4._x + 25, tile_11_4._x + 25, tile_11_2._x + 25, tile_10_2._x + 25, tile_10_0._x + 25 ]; min.waypointY = [ tile_4_1._y +25, tile_3_1._y + 25, tile_3_2._y + 25, tile_3_3._y + 25, tile_5_3._y + 25, tile_5_4._y + 25, tile_7_4._y + 25, tile_7_5._y + 25, tile_8_5._y + 25, tile_8_8._y + 25, tile_8_9._y + 25, tile_10_9._y + 25, tile_10_7._y + 25, tile_11_7._y + 25, tile_11_6._y + 25, tile_12_6._y + 25, tile_12_4._y + 25, tile_11_4._y + 25, tile_11_2._y + 25, tile_10_2._y + 25, tile_10_0._y + 25 ]; } min.i = 0; counter = 0; spawned += 1; min.onEnterFrame = function(){ dx = this.waypointX[this.i] - this._x; dy = this.waypointY[this.i] - this._y; radians = Math.atan2(dy,dx); degrees = radians * 180 / Math.PI; xspeed = Math.cos(radians); yspeed = Math.sin(radians); this._x += xspeed; this._y += yspeed; if( this._x == this.waypointX[this.i] && this._y == this.waypointY[this.i]){ this.i++; } if ( this._x == tile_10_0._x + 25 && this._y == tile_10_0._y + 25){ this.removeMovieClip(); dead += 1; } } } if ( dead >= amount ){ dead = 0; level += 1; amount = level * 20; spawned = 0; } } btnM.onRelease = function(){ create = true; } } game.onEnterFrame = function(){ } It is possible for me however to complete this task, but only once. I am able to make the turret, drag it over to a tile, and have it attach itself to the tile. No problem. The issue is, I cannot do these multiple times. Please Help.

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  • Finite state machine in C++

    - by Electro
    So, I've read a lot about using FSMs to do game state management, things like what and FSM is, and using a stack or set of states for building one. I've gone through all that. But I'm stuck at writing an actual, well-designed implementation of an FSM for that purpose. Specifically, how does one cleanly resolve the problem of transitioning between states, (how) should a state be able to use data from other states, and so on. Does anyone have any tips on designing and writing a implementation in C++, or better yet, code examples?

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  • Setting up collision using a tilemap and cocos2d

    - by James
    I'm building my first platformer using cocos2d and a tilemap. I'm having trouble coming up with a decent way of determining if the character is colliding with an object. More specifically, in which direction is the character colliding with an object. Following the tutorial here, I have made a separate "meta" layer of collidable tiles. The problem is that unless the character is in the tile, you can't detect the collision. Also, there's no way of telling WHERE the collision is occurring. The best solution would be one that could tell me if a character is up against a wall, or walking on top of a platform. However, I can't seem to figure out a good technique for this.

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  • How to make a ball fall faster on a ramp?

    - by Timothy Williams
    So, I'm making a ball game. Where you pick up the ball, drop it on a ramp, and it flies off in to blocks. The only problem right now is it falls at a normal speed, then lightly falls off, not nearly fast enough to get over the wall and hit the blocks. Is there any way to make the ball go faster down the ramp? Maybe even make it go faster depending on what height you dropped it from (e.g. if you hold it way above the ramp, and drop it, it will drop faster than if you dropped it right above the ramp.)

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  • DirectX10 How to use Constant Buffers

    - by schnozzinkobenstein
    I'm trying to access some variables in my shader, but I think I'm doing this wrong. Say I have a constant buffer that looks like this: cbuffer perFrame { float foo; float bar; }; I got an ID3D10EffectConstantBuffer reference to it, and I can get a specific index by calling GetMemberByIndex, but how can I figure out how many members perFrame has so that I can get each member without going out of bounds?

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  • Early Z culling - Ogre

    - by teodron
    This question is concerned with how one can enable this "pixel filter" to work within an Ogre based app. Simply put, one can write two passes, the first without writing any colour values to the frame buffer lighting off colour_write off shading flat The second pass is the one that employs heavy pixel shader computations, hence it would be really nice to get rid of those hidden surface patches and not process them pixel-wise. This approach works, except for one thing: objects with alpha, such as billboard trees suffer in a peculiar way - from one side, they seem to capture the sky/background within their alpha region and ignore other trees/houses behind them, while viewed from the other side, they exhibit the desired behavior. To tackle the issue, I thought I could write a custom vertex shader in the first pass and offset the projected Z component of the vertex a little further away from its actual position, so that in the second pass there is a need to recompute correctly the pixels of the objects closest to the camera. This doesn't work at all, all surfaces are processed in the pixel shader and there is no performance gain. So, if anyone has done a similar trick with Ogre and alpha objects, kindly please help.

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  • CSM shadow errors when models are split

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I'm getting closer to fixing CSM, but there seems to be one more issue at hand. At certain angles, the models will be caught/split between two shadow map cascades, like below. first depth split second depth split - here you can see the model is caught between the splits How does one fix this? Increase the overlapping boundaries between the splits? Or is the frustrum erronous? CameraFrustrum CalculateCameraFrustrum(const float fovDegrees, const float aspectRatio, const float minDist, const float maxDist, const Mat4& cameraViewMatrix, Mat4& outFrustrumMat) { CameraFrustrum ret = { Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vec4(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; const Mat4 perspectiveMatrix = PerspectiveMatrixFov(fovDegrees, aspectRatio, minDist, maxDist); const Mat4 invMVP = glm::inverse(perspectiveMatrix * cameraViewMatrix); outFrustrumMat = invMVP; for (Vec4& corner : ret) { corner = invMVP * corner; corner /= corner.w; } return ret; } Mat4 CreateDirLightVPMatrix(const CameraFrustrum& cameraFrustrum, const Vec3& lightDir) { Mat4 lightViewMatrix = glm::lookAt(Vec3(0.0f), -glm::normalize(lightDir), Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f)); Vec4 transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[0]; float maxZ = transf.z, minZ = transf.z; float maxX = transf.x, minX = transf.x; float maxY = transf.y, minY = transf.y; for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) { transf = lightViewMatrix * cameraFrustrum[i]; if (transf.z > maxZ) maxZ = transf.z; if (transf.z < minZ) minZ = transf.z; if (transf.x > maxX) maxX = transf.x; if (transf.x < minX) minX = transf.x; if (transf.y > maxY) maxY = transf.y; if (transf.y < minY) minY = transf.y; } Mat4 viewMatrix(lightViewMatrix); viewMatrix[3][0] = -(minX + maxX) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][1] = -(minY + maxY) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[3][2] = -(minZ + maxZ) * 0.5f; viewMatrix[0][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[1][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[2][3] = 0.0f; viewMatrix[3][3] = 1.0f; Vec3 halfExtents((maxX - minX) * 0.5, (maxY - minY) * 0.5, (maxZ - minZ) * 0.5); return OrthographicMatrix(-halfExtents.x, halfExtents.x, halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.y, halfExtents.z, -halfExtents.z) * viewMatrix; }

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  • How to I get a rotated sprite to move left or right?

    - by rphello101
    Using Java/Slick 2D, I'm using the mouse to rotate a sprite on the screen and the directional keys (in this case, WASD) to move the spite. Forwards and backwards is easy, just position += cos(ang)*speed or position -= cos(ang)*speed. But how do I get the sprite to move left or right? I'm thinking it has something to do with adding 90 degrees to the angle or something. Any ideas? Rotation code: int mX = Mouse.getX(); int mY = HEIGHT - Mouse.getY(); int pX = sprite.x+sprite.image.getWidth()/2; int pY = sprite.y+sprite.image.getHeight()/2; double mAng; if(mX!=pX){ mAng = Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(mY - pY, mX - pX)); if(mAng==0 && mX<=pX) mAng=180; } else{ if(mY>pY) mAng=90; else mAng=270; } sprite.angle = mAng; sprite.image.setRotation((float) mAng); And the movement code (delta is change in time): Input input = gc.getInput(); Vector2f direction = new Vector2f(); Vector2f velocity = new Vector2f(); direction.x = (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); direction.y = (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(sprite.angle)); if(direction.length()>0) direction = direction.normalise(); //On a separate note, what does this line of code do? velocity.x = (float) (direction.x * sprite.moveSpeed); velocity.y = (float) (direction.y * sprite.moveSpeed); if(input.isKeyDown(sprite.up)){ sprite.x += velocity.x*delta; sprite.y += velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.down)){ sprite.x -= velocity.x*delta; sprite.y -= velocity.y*delta; }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.left)){ //??? }if (input.isKeyDown(sprite.right)){ //??? }

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  • Making XNA Play Nice With 3DS Max, Boundiing Spheres

    - by Jason R. Mick
    I'm using 3DS Max 2010 with the KW x-porter plugin, which outputs a .X file (just downloaded the very latest version). Been getting some odd results: http://www.picvalley.net/u/2930/2265240220441812321333990933PAStFeSONWQslOrMQC5q.PNG Looks like the culling is screwed up. Note, that models I make in Milkshape don't seem to be having these problems. I've also tried to export an FBX file from 3DS Max 2010 and have been getting similar results. What are your suggestions in terms of exporting *.3DS models to a workable XNA form? What tools do you use?. To be clear, the model in question has none of these defects when viewed from similar angles in 3DS Max 2010. http://www.picvalley.net/u/2563/151728957814855401111333991302mSvEJ03Zv22GwHFgIhiV.PNG Any ideas on this oddity would also be appreciated! Edit 1 -- Add'l issue Forgot to mention, that the model otherwise seems alright, but that rotation seems to double -- in other words, when I scroll my camera view left to right, the model (whose draw I give the camera for the view and perspective matrices w/ BasicEffect seems to rotate twice as much as models I draw natively in XNA

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