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  • Possible to change function name in definition?

    - by Bird Jaguar IV
    I tried several ways to change the function name in the definition, but they failed. >>> def f(): pass >>> f.__name__ 'f' >>> def f(): f.__name__ = 'new name' >>> f.__name__ 'f' >>> def f(): self.__name__ = 'new name' >>> f.__name__ 'f' But I can change the name attribute after defining it. >>> def f(): pass >>> f.__name__ = 'new name' >>> f.__name__ 'new name' Any way to change/set it in the definition (other than using a decorator)?

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  • Load image from string

    - by zaf
    Given a string containing jpeg image data, is it possible to load this directly in pygame? I've tried using StringIO but failed and I don't completely understand the 'file-like' object concept. Currently, as a workaround, I'm saving to disk and then loading an image the standard way: # imagestring contains a jpeg f=open('test.jpg','wb') f.write(imagestring) f.close() image=pygame.image.load('test.jpg') Any suggestions on improving this so that we avoid creating a temp file?

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  • subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

    - by madptr
    I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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  • Django: Extending User Model - Inline User fields in UserProfile

    - by Jack Sparrow
    Is there a way to display User fields under a form that adds/edits a UserProfile model? I am extending default Django User model like this: class UserProfile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, unique=True) about = models.TextField(blank=True) I know that it is possible to make a: class UserProfileInlineAdmin(admin.TabularInline): and then inline this in User ModelAdmin but I want to achieve the opposite effect, something like inverse inlining, displaying the fields of the model pointed by the OneToOne Relationship (User) in the page of the model defining the relationship (UserProfile). I don't care if it would be in the admin or in a custom view/template. I just need to know how to achieve this. I've been struggling with ModelForms and Formsets, I know the answer is somewhere there, but my little experience in Django doesn't allow me to come up with the solution yet. A little example would be really helpful!

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  • Use Twisted's getPage as urlopen?

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I would like to use Twisted non-blocking getPage method within a webapp, but it feels quite complicated to use such function compared to urlopen. This is an example of what I'm trying to achive: def web_request(request): response = urllib.urlopen('http://www.example.org') return HttpResponse(len(response.read())) Is it so hard to have something similar with getPage?

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  • Django: What's the correct way to get the requesting IP address?

    - by swisstony
    I'm trying to develop an app using Django 1.1 on Webfaction. I'd like to get the IP address of the incoming request, but when I use request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] it returns 127.0.0.1. There seems to be a number of different ways of getting the address, such as using HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR or plugging in some middleware called SetRemoteAddrFromForwardedFor. Just wondering what the best approach was?

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  • gae error:AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member'

    - by zjm1126
    class Thread(db.Model): members = db.StringListProperty() def user_is_member(self, user): return str(user) in self.members and thread = Thread.get(db.Key.from_path('Thread', int(id))) is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) but the error is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\__init__.py", line 511, in __call__ handler.get(*groups) File "D:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\ext\webapp\util.py", line 62, in check_login handler_method(self, *args) File "D:\zjm_code\forum_blog_gae\main.py", line 222, in get is_member = thread.user_is_member(user) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'user_is_member' why ? thanks

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

    - by siebert
    Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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  • How to achieve interaction between GUI class with logic class

    - by volting
    Im new to GUI programming, and haven't done much OOP. Im working on a basic calculator app to help me learn GUI design and to brush up on OOP. I understand that anything GUI related should be kept seperate from the logic, but Im unsure how to implement interaction between logic an GUI classes when needed i.e. basically passing variables back and forth... Im using TKinter and when I pass a tkinter variable to my logic it only seems to hold the string PY_VAR0. def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) Im sure that im probably doing something fundamentally wrong and probabaly really stupid, I spent a considerable amount of time experimenting (and searching for answers online) but Im getting no where. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks, V The Full Program (well just enough to show the structure..) import Tkinter class Gui(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.grid() self.create_widgets() """ grid config """ #self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1,pad=0) self.resizable(False, False) def create_widgets(self): """row 0 of grid""" """Create Text Entry Box""" self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,width=30,textvariable=self.entryVariable) self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 3 ) self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_press_enter) """create equal button""" equal_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="=",width=4,command=self.on_equal_btn_click) equal_btn.grid(column=3, row=0) """row 1 of grid""" """create number 1 button""" number1_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="1",width=8,command=self.on_number1_btn_click) number1_btn.grid(column=0, row=1) . . . def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) class Calc(): def __init__(self, equation): self.equation = equation def calculate(self): #TODO: parse string and calculate... return self.equation if __name__ == "__main__": app = Gui(None) app.title('Calculator') app.mainloop()

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  • What is the difference between type.__getattribute__ and object.__getattribute__?

    - by Neil G
    Given: In [37]: class A: ....: f = 1 ....: In [38]: class B(A): ....: pass ....: In [39]: getattr(B, 'f') Out[39]: 1 Okay, that either calls super or crawls the mro? In [40]: getattr(A, 'f') Out[40]: 1 This is expected. In [41]: object.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[41]: 1 In [42]: object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-42-de76df798d1d> in <module>() ----> 1 object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') AttributeError: 'type' object has no attribute 'f' What is getattribute not doing that getattr does? In [43]: type.__getattribute__(B, 'f') Out[43]: 1 What?! type.__getattribute__ calls super but object's version doesn't? In [44]: type.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[44]: 1

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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  • Selenium selected option in dropdown not displayed correctly

    - by luckyfool
    I have the following issue with Selenium Webdriver. There are two dropdown menus on a page i am testing "brand" and "items". The options of "items" depend on which brand you choose. I am trying to iterate through all possible choices and print brand-item pairs. I use two possible ways to pick an option from each dropdown menu Using Select(): def retryingSelectOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: element=Select(driver.find_element_by_name(name)) element.select_by_index(n) print element.all_selected_options[0].text result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result And using .click(): def retryingClickOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: driver.find_element_by_name(name).find_elements_by_tag_name("option")[n].click() result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result My problem is that at ,what seem to me as random moments (sometimes it works sometimes it does not), even though the above functions return True and printing out the selected option shows me the correct answer, the browser still displays the previous option. So basically Selenium tells me i have picked the right option but the browser displays the previous one.No idea what is wrong.

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  • how to create multiple selections in text edit box in qt4?

    - by Ronny
    Qt3.3 used to allow for multiple selections in the QTextEdit widget by calling the setSelection() function and specifying a different selection id (selNum) as the last argument in that function. In Qt4, to create a selection, I do it by creating a QTextCursor object and call the setPosition() or movePosition() methods. I have no problems being able to create a single selection of text. I am, however, unable to find a way to create multiple selections. The methods in Qt4 do not have an argument which allows you to set a selection id, nor can i find any other function in the QTextCursor or QTextEdit which looks like it might allow me to do so. Has this feature been completely removed from Qt4? or has is there a new and different way of doing it? Thanks. Ronny

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor?

    - by deamon
    Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor? Passing configuration to the __init__ method which calls register implicitely: class Base: def __init__(self, *verbs=("get", "post")): self._register(verbs) def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("get", "post", "put") Or calling register explicitely in the subclass' __init__ method: class Base: def __init__(self): self._register("get", "post") def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): _register("get", "post", "put") What is better or more pythonic? Or is it only a matter of taste?

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  • how to create a theme with QT

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello im looking for a way to make my pyqt interface look nicer by adding a theme to it. im new to Qt and i still have no idea how to add a custom theme for widgets.. so how is that possible ? and is it possible through qt designer ? sorry for my bad english , its my third language. i hope the idea is clear enough . please let me know if something was unclear .. thanks in advace

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  • manyToManyField question

    - by dotty
    Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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  • Passing parameter to base class constructor or using instance variable?

    - by deamon
    All classes derived from a certain base class have to define an attribute called "path". In the sense of duck typing I could rely upon definition in the subclasses: class Base: pass # no "path" variable here def Sub(Base): def __init__(self): self.path = "something/" Another possiblity would be to use the base class constructor: class Base: def __init__(self, path): self.path = path def Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("something/") What would you prefer and why? Is there a better way?

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  • standard geographic tilizing/binning method?

    - by monkut
    I'm trying to learn and understand more about mapping and displaying values on a map. (GIS) At the moment I'M looking to take some values and apply those values to a tile or bin on a map. Ideally I'd like the tile sizes to be uniform, like 100 meters, 500 meters, etc. Is there a standard method for creating uniform tile sizes? Or Are what are common accepted method to deal with this kind of data display? (Currently I'm using geodjango and it's related toolset geos, proj4, etc)

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  • Interesting task using random numbers only

    - by psihodelia
    Given any number of the random real numbers from the interval [0,1] is there exist any method to construct a floating point number with zero decimal part? Your algorithm can use only random() function calls and no variables or constants. No constants and variables are allowed, no type casting is allowed. You can use for/while, if/else or any other programming language operands.

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  • concatenate multi values in one record without duplication

    - by mikehjun
    I have a dbf table like below which is the result of one to many join from two tables. I want to have unique zone values from one Taxlot id field. table name: input table tid ----- zone 1 ------ A 1 ------ A 1 ------ B 1 ------ C 2 ------ D 2 ------ E 3 ------ C Desirable output table table name: input table tid ----- zone 1 ------ A, B, C 2 ------ D, E 3 ------ C I got some help but couldn't make it to work. inputTbl = r"C:\temp\input.dbf" taxIdZoningDict = {} searchRows = gp.searchcursor(inputTbl) searchRow = searchRows.next() while searchRow: if searchRow.TID in taxIdZoningDict: taxIdZoningDict[searchRow.TID].add(searchRow.ZONE) else: taxIdZoningDict[searchRow.TID] = set() #a set prevents dulpicates! taxIdZoningDict[searchRow.TID].add(searchRow.ZONE) searchRow = searchRows.next() outputTbl = r"C:\temp\output.dbf" gp.CreateTable_management(r"C:\temp", "output.dbf") gp.AddField_management(outputTbl, "TID", "LONG") gp.AddField_management(outputTbl, "ZONES", "TEXT", "", "", "20") tidList = taxIdZoningDict.keys() tidList.sort() #sorts in ascending order insertRows = gp.insertcursor(outputTbl) for tid in tidList: concatString = "" for zone in taxIdZoningDict[tid] concatString = concatString + zone + "," insertRow = insertRows.newrow() insertRow.TID = tid insertRow.ZONES = concatString[:-1] insertRows.insertrow(insertRow) del insertRow del insertRows

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