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• Why do case class companion objects extend FunctionN?

  - by retronym

  When you create a case class, the compiler creates a corresponding companion object with a few of the case class goodies: an apply factory method matching the primary constructor, equals, hashCode, and copy. Somewhat oddly, this generated object extends FunctionN. scala> case class A(a: Int) defined class A scala> A: (Int => A) res0: (Int) => A = <function1> This is only the case if: There is no manually defined companion object There is exactly one parameter list There are no type arguments The case class isn't abstract. Seems like this was added about two years ago. The latest incarnation is here. Does anyone use this, or know why it was added? It increases the size of the generated bytecode a little with static forwarder methods, and shows up in the #toString() method of the companion objects: scala> case class A() defined class A scala> A.toString res12: java.lang.String = <function0>

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• User Management: Managing users in user-defined "groups", database schema and logistics

  - by Kevin Brown

  I'm a noob, development wise and logistically-wise. I'm developing a site that lets people take a test... My client wants the ability for a user with the roll/privledge "admin" (a step below a super-admin) to be allowed to create users and only see/edit the users that they create... The users created in that "category" or group need some information that their superior provides. For example, I log in as a "manager", I have the ability to invite people to take the test, and manage those people. Before adding those people, I will have filled out a short survey about myself... Right now, the users that are invited will be asked some of the same questions as the manager. I'd like to cut down the redundancy by using the information put into the database by the manager and apply it to the invited users. How do I set up my database to work with this criterion? I'm a little confused about how to do this! Let me know if I can add more details... (This is a mysql and php app)

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• Should I use two queries, or is there a way to JOIN this in MySQL/PHP?

  - by Jack W-H

  Morning y'all! Basically, I'm using a table to store my main data - called 'Code' - a table called 'Tags' to store the tags for each code entry, and a table called 'code_tags' to intersect it. There's also a table called 'users' which stores information about the users who submitted each bit of code. On my homepage, I want 5 results returned from the database. Each returned result needs to list the code's title, summary, and then fetch the author's firstname based on the ID of the person who submitted it. I've managed to achieve this much so far (woot!). My problem lies when I try to collect all the tags as well. At the moment this is a pretty big query and it's scaring me a little. Here's my problematic query: SELECT code.*, code_tags.*, tags.*, users.firstname AS authorname, users.id AS authorid FROM code, code_tags, tags, users WHERE users.id = code.author AND code_tags.code_id = code.id AND tags.id = code_tags.tag_id ORDER BY date DESC LIMIT 0, 5 What it returns is correct looking data, but several repeated rows for each tag. So for example if a Code entry has 3 tags, it will return an identical row 3 times - except in each of the three returned rows, the tag changes. Does that make sense? How would I go about changing this? Thanks! Jack

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• When is a good time to start thinking about scaling?

  - by Slokun

  I've been designing a site over the past couple days, and been doing some research into different aspects of scaling a site horizontally. If things go as planned, in a few months (years?) I know I'd need to worry about scaling the site up and out, since the resources it would end up consuming would be huge. So, this got me to thinking, when is the best time to start thinking about, and designing for, scalability? If you start too early on, you could easily over complicate your design, and make it impossible to actually build. You could also get too caught up in the details, the architecture, whatever, and wind up getting nothing done. Also, if you do get it working, but the site never takes off, you may have wasted a good chunk of extra effort. On the other hand, you could be saving yourself a ton of effort down the road. Designing it from the ground up to be big would make it much easier later on to let it grow big, with very little rewriting going on. I know for what I'm working on, I've decided to make at least a few choices now on the side of scaling, but I'm not going to do a complete change of thinking to get it to scale completely. Notably, I've redesigned my database from a conventional relational design to one similar to what was suggested on the Reddit site linked below, and I'm going to give memcache a try. So, the basic question, when is a good time to start thinking or worrying about scaling, and what are some good designs, tips, etc. for when doing so? A couple of things I've been reading, for those who are interested: http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2009/06/scaling-up-vs-scaling-out-hidden-costs.html http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/5/17/7-lessons-learned-while-building-reddit-to-270-million-page.html http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html

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• How do I protect the trunk from hapless newbies?

  - by Michael Haren

  A coworker relayed the following problem, let's say it's fictional to protect the guilty: A team of 5-10 works on a project which is issue-driven. That is, the typical flow goes like this: a chunk of work (bug, enhancement, etc.) is created as an issue in the issue tracker The issue is assigned to a developer The developer resolves the issue and commits their code changes to the trunk At release time, the frozen, and heavily tested trunk or release branch or whatever is built in release mode and released The problem he's having is that a couple newbies made several bad commits that weren't caught due to an unfortunate chain of events. This was followed by a bad release with a rollback or flurry of hot fixes. One idea we're toying with: Revoke commit access to the trunk for newbies and make them develop on a per-developer branch (we're using SVN): Good: newbies are isolated and can't hurt others Good: committers merge newbie branches with the trunk frequently Good: this enforces rigid code reviews Bad: this is burdensome on the committers (but there's probably no way around it since the code needs reviewed!) Bad: it might make traceability of trunk changes a little tougher since the reviewer would be doing the commit--not too sure on this. Update: Thank you, everyone, for your valuable input. I have concluded that this is far less a code/coder problem than I first presented. The root of the issue is that the release procedure failed to capture and test some poor quality changes to the trunk. Plugging that hole is most important. Relying on the false assumption that code in the trunk is "good" is not the solution. Once that hole--testing--is plugged, mistakes by everyone--newbie or senior--will be caught properly and dealt with accordingly. Next, a greater emphasis on code reviews and mentorship (probably driven by some systematic changes to encourage it) will go a long way toward improving code quality. With those two fixes in place, I don't think something as rigid or draconian as what I proposed above is necessary. Thanks!

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• Is there a limit for the number of files in a directory on an SD card?

  - by jamesh

  I have a project written for Android devices. It generates a large number of files, each day. These are all text files and images. The app uses a database to reference these files. The app is supposed to clear up these files after a little use (perhaps after a few days), but this process may or may not be working. This is not the subject of this question. Due to a historic accident, the organization of the files are somewhat naive: everything is in the same directory; a .hidden directory which contains a zero byte .nomedia file to prevent the MediaScanner indexing it. Today, I am seeing an error reported: java.io.IOException: Cannot create: /sdcard/.hidden/file-4200.html at java.io.File.createNewFile(File.java:1263) Regarding the sdcard, I see it has plenty of storage left, but counting $ cd /Volumes/NO_NAME/.hidden $ ls | wc -w 9058 Deleting a number of files seems to have allowed the file creation for today to proceed. Regrettably, I did not try touching a new file to try and reproduce the error on a commandline; I also deleted several hundred files rather than a handful. However, my question is: are there hard limits on filesize or number of files in a directory? am I even on the right track here? Nota Bene: The SD card is as-is - i.e. I haven't formatted it, so I would guess it would be a FAT-* format. The FAT-32 format has hard limits of filesize of 2GB (well above the filesizes I am dealing with) and a limit of number of files in the root directory. I am definitely not writing files in the root directory.

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• Linux time sample based profiler.

  - by Caspin

  short version: Is there a good time based sampling profiler for Linux? long version: I generally use OProfile to optimize my applications. I recently found a shortcoming that has me wondering. The problem was a tight loop spawning c++filt to demangle a c++ name. I only stumbled upon the code by accident while chasing down another bottleneck. The OProfile didn't show anything unusual about the code so I almost ignored it but my code sense told me to optimize the call and see what happened. I changed the popen of c++filt to abi::__cxa_demangle. The runtime went from more than a minute to a little over a second. About a x60 speed up. Is there a way I could have configured OProfile to flag the popen call? As the profile data sits now OProfile thinks the bottle neck was the heap and std::string calls (which BTW once optimized dropped the runtime to less than a second, more than x2 speed up). Here is my OProfile configuration: $ sudo opcontrol --status Daemon not running Event 0: CPU_CLK_UNHALTED:90000:0:1:1 Separate options: library vmlinux file: none Image filter: /path/to/excutable Call-graph depth: 7 Buffer size: 65536 Is there another profiler for Linux that could have found the bottleneck? I suspect the issue is that OProfile only logs its samples to the currently running process. I'd like it to always log its samples to the process I'm profiling. So if the process is currently switched out (blocking on IO or a popen call) OProfile would just place its sample at the blocked call. If I can't fix this, OProfile will only be useful when the executable is pushing near 100% CPU. It can't help with executables that that have inefficient blocking calls.

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• Good practice to create extension methods that apply to System.Object?

  - by Christian

  Hello, I'm wondering whether I should create extension methods that apply on the object level or whether they should be located at a lower point in the class hierarchy. What I mean is something along the lines of: public static string SafeToString(this Object o) { if (o == null || o is System.DBNull) return ""; else { if (o is string) return (string)o; else return ""; } } public static int SafeToInt(this Object o) { if (o == null || o is System.DBNull) return 0; else { if (o.IsNumeric()) return Convert.ToInt32(o); else return 0; } } //same for double.. etc I wrote those methods since I have to deal a lot with database data (From the OleDbDataReader) that can be null (shouldn't, though) since the underlying database is unfortunately very liberal with columns that may be null. And to make my life a little easier, I came up with those extension methods. What I'd like to know is whether this is good style, acceptable style or bad style. I kinda have my worries about it since it kinda "pollutes" the Object-class. Thank you in advance & Best Regards :) Christian P.S. I didn't tag it as "subjective" intentionally.

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• PHP programmer wanting to learn Flash game development

  - by grokker

  Hi! I'm currently a PHP programmer and one of my childhood dreams is to create a game. A game to show my friends or my children when the time comes :) The problem is I don't know Flash. I'm not great at drawing stuff or even artistic. I could program a little with Javascript and I could consider myself intermediate with jQuery. So my question is, how do I get started? What books do I read first? What's the steps that I should take on this journey? Thank you SO friends. I hope you all could help me create something I could be proud of :) P.S. I'm just assuming that Flash is the easiest way to create and show to other people my game. Anyway I'm very open for other suggestions! My game in mind is a side scroller about an indiana jones type of character and the setting is on the jungle with trees and snakes and a lot of animals!

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• How to access elements in a complex list?

  - by Martin

  Hi, it's me and the lists again. I have a nice list, which looks like this: tmp = NULL t = NULL tmp$resultitem$count = "1057230" tmp$resultitem$status = "Ok" tmp$resultitem$menu = "PubMed" tmp$resultitem$dbname = "pubmed" t$resultitem$count = "305215" t$resultitem$status = "Ok" t$resultitem$menu = "PMC" t$resultitem$dbname = "pmc" tmp = c(tmp, t) t = NULL t$resultitem$count = "1" t$resultitem$status = "Ok" t$resultitem$menu = "Journals" t$resultitem$dbname = "journals" tmp = c(tmp, t) Which produces: str(tmp) List of 3 $ resultitem:List of 4 ..$ count : chr "1057230" ..$ status: chr "Ok" ..$ menu : chr "PubMed" ..$ dbname: chr "pubmed" $ resultitem:List of 4 ..$ count : chr "305215" ..$ status: chr "Ok" ..$ menu : chr "PMC" ..$ dbname: chr "pmc" $ resultitem:List of 4 ..$ count : chr "1" ..$ status: chr "Ok" ..$ menu : chr "Journals" ..$ dbname: chr "journals" Now I want to search through the elements of each "resultitem". I want to know the "dbname" for every database, that has less then 10 "count" (example). In this case it is very easy, as this list only has 3 elements, but the real list is a little bit longer. This could be simply done with a for loop. But is there a way to do this with some other function of R (like rapply)? My problem with those apply functions is, that they only look at one element. If I do a grep to get all "dbname" elements, I can not get the count of each element. rapply(tmp, function(x) paste("Content: ", x))[grep("dbname", names(rapply(tmp, c)))] Does someone has a better idea than a for loop? Thanx, Martin

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• Consecutive Tables in Latex

  - by Tim

  Hi, I wonder how to place several tables consecutively in Latex? The page with the text right before the first table has a little space but not enough for the first table, so the first table is to be placed on the top of the next page, although I use "\begin{table}[!h]" for it. The second table does not fit into the place in the rest of the page of the first table, so I think I might use longtable for it to span the rest of the page and the top of the next page. Similarly, I use longtable for the third table. The latex code is as follows: ... % some text \begin{table}[!h] \caption{Table 1. \label{tab:1}} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{c c} ... \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{ c c } \caption{Table 2. \label{tab:2}}\\ ... \end{longtable} \end{center} \begin{center} \begin{longtable}{ c c } \caption{Table 3. \label{tab:3}}\\ ... \end{longtable} \end{center} ... % some text In the compiled pdf file it turns out that the order of the tables is messed up. The first table is placed behind the second and third one, and the second one spans the page with text before the tables and the next page with the third one following it. I would like to know how I can make the three tables appear consecutively in order, and there are no space left blank between them and between the text and the tables? Or if what I hope is not possible, what is the best strategy then? Thanks and regards! EDIT: Removing [!h] does not make improvement, the first table is still behind the second and the third.

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• Core Data: Overkill for simple, static UITableView-based iPhone App?

  - by David Foster

  Hello! I have a rather simple iPhone app consisting of numerous views containing a single, grouped table view. These views are held together in navigation controllers which are grouped in a tab bar. Simple stuff. My table views do little more than list text (like "Dog", "Cat" and "Weasel") and this data is being served from a collection of plists. It's perhaps worth mentioning too that these tables are 'static' in the sense that their data is pre-determined and will only ever be amended—and if so, very rarely indeed—by the developer (in this case, moi). This rudimentary approach has reached its limits though, and I think I'm going to need something a bit more relational. I have worked a tad with Core Data in the past, but only with apps whose data is determined by user input. I have four closely related questions: Is Core Data overkill for an app consisting mainly of a selection of simple table views? Do you recommend using Core Data to manage data which is predetermine and extremely unlikely to ever change? Can one lock Core Data down so that its data can't change, thereby relinquishing my responsibility as the developer to handle the editing and saving of the managed object context? How do I go about giving Core Data my predetermined data, and in a format I know that it can work with? Thanks a bunch guys.

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• multiple ajax requests with jquery

  - by Emil

  I got problems with the async nature of Javascript / JQuery. Lets say the following (no latency is counted for, in order to not make it so troublesome); I got three buttons (A, B, C) on a page, each of the buttons adds an item into a shopping cart with one ajax-request each. If I put an intentional delay of 5 seconds in the serverside script (PHP) and pushes the buttons with 1 second apart, I want the result to be the following: Request A, 5 seconds Request B, 6 seconds Request C, 7 seconds However, the result is like this Request A, 5 seconds Request B, 10 seconds Request C, 15 seconds This have to mean that the requests are queued and not run simultaneously, right? Isnt this opposite to what async is? I also tried to add a random get-parameter to the url in order to force some uniqueness to the request, no luck though. I did read a little about this. If you avoid using the same "request object (?)" this problem wont occure. Is it possible to force this behaviour in JQuery? This is the code that I am using $.ajax( { url : strAjaxUrl + '?random=' + Math.floor(Math.random()*9999999999), data : 'ajax=add-to-cart&product=' + product, type : 'GET', success : function(responseData) { // update ui }, error : function(responseData) { // show error } }); I also tried both GET and POST, no difference. I want the requests to be sent right when the button is clicked, not when the previous request is finnished. I want the requests to be run simultaneously, not in a queue.

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• Passing PHP variables trough functions?

  - by Mateus Nunes

  I'm facing some troubles to pass php variables value trough functions,every time i try to use a variable inside one of my functions its value becomes nil,let me be more specific.I have the following code in my php file: $myvar = $Session['username']; function updateuserinformation(){ if(trim($_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"]) != ""){ $images = $_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"]; $new_images = "thumbnails_".$_FILES["fileUpload"]["name"]; copy($_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"],"Photos/".$_FILES["fileUpload"]["name"]); $width=200; //*** Fix Width & Heigh (Autu caculate) ***// $size=GetimageSize($images); $height=round($width*$size[1]/$size[0]); $images_orig = ImageCreateFromJPEG($images); $photoX = ImagesX($images_orig); $photoY = ImagesY($images_orig); $images_fin = ImageCreateTrueColor($width, $height); ImageCopyResampled($images_fin, $images_orig, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width+1, $height+1, $photoX, $photoY); ImageJPEG($images_fin,"Photos/".$new_images); ImageDestroy($images_orig); ImageDestroy($images_fin); print $data["foo"]; echo"$myvar"; mysql_query("UPDATE users SET userpictureaddress = 'http://www.litsdevelopment.com/litsapplication/userimages/MATEUS' WHERE username = 'Mateus' "); } } I trying to use the $myvar value in my function but every time i run the code it just doesn't work,i've already tried global,globals,arrays and session for nothing worked.Of corse i'm making a little mistake in some part of it,but anyone know what is the correct way to do this?

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• Method for defining simultaneous has-many and has-one associations between two models in CakePHP?

  - by Hobonium

  One thing with which I have long had problems, within the CakePHP framework, is defining simultaneous hasOne and hasMany relationships between two models. For example: BlogEntry hasMany Comment BlogEntry hasOne MostRecentComment (where MostRecentComment is the Comment with the most recent created field) Defining these relationships in the BlogEntry model properties is problematic. CakePHP's ORM implements a has-one relationship as an INNER JOIN, so as soon as there is more than one Comment, BlogEntry::find('all') calls return multiple results per BlogEntry. I've worked around these situations in the past in a few ways: Using a model callback (or, sometimes, even in the controller or view!), I've simulated a MostRecentComment with: $this->data['MostRecentComment'] = $this->data['Comment'][0]; This gets ugly fast if, say, I need to order the Comments any way other than by Comment.created. It also doesn't Cake's in-built pagination features to sort by MostRecentComment fields (e.g. sort BlogEntry results reverse-chronologically by MostRecentComment.created. Maintaining an additional foreign key, BlogEntry.most_recent_comment_id. This is annoying to maintain, and breaks Cake's ORM: the implication is BlogEntry belongsTo MostRecentComment. It works, but just looks...wrong. These solutions left much to be desired, so I sat down with this problem the other day, and worked on a better solution. I've posted my eventual solution below, but I'd be thrilled (and maybe just a little mortified) to discover there is some mind-blowingly simple solution that has escaped me this whole time. Or any other solution that meets my criteria: it must be able to sort by MostRecentComment fields at the Model::find level (ie. not just a massage of the results); it shouldn't require additional fields in the comments or blog_entries tables; it should respect the 'spirit' of the CakePHP ORM. (I'm also not sure the title of this question is as concise/informative as it could be.)

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• I need some pointers on how to implement inertia

  - by gargantaun

  Ok, so I've created a little plugin that takes a bunch of elements and creates a sort of never ending list. I'll try to explain... I have a div, and it's got about 20 elements tags in it. When the user scrolls up, the top element moves out of view and is moved to the bottom of the list. And vice-versa so that when the user scrolls down, the bottom element is moved to the top of the list. This is specifically for Mobile Safari (iPad, iPhone) web content and you can see the work in progress here... http://appliedworks.co.uk/files/times/SVGTests/drumView/drum.html You'll need an iPad or iPhone top see the scrolling in action. You can see the plugin code here... http://appliedworks.co.uk/files/times/SVGTests/drumView/drumView-0.1b.js What I would like to do is implement inertia so the scrolling slows to a halt in response to how fast or slow the user is scrolling when their finger leaves the screen. Just like the inertia commonly found in the iPhone / iPad UI. The problem is, every time an element moves to the top or the bottom of the list, the scollTop value for the parent div is adjusted to make it look like all the elements are staying in the same place. Which means the scrollTop value is never more than the top elements total height. So there's no value I can think of that I can keep on manipulating to give the illusion of inertia. I'm stumped. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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• iPhone question: How can I add a button to a tableview cell?

  - by Jake

  Hi guys, Little background, the table view is filled by a fetchedResultsController which fills the table view with Strings. Now I'm trying to add a button next to each String in each tableview cell. So far, I've been trying to create a button in my configureCell:atIndexPath method and then add that button as a subview to the table cell's content view, but for some reason the buttons do not show up. Below is the relevant code. If anyone wants more code posted, just ask and I'll put up whatever you want. Any help is greatly appreciated. - (void)configureCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // get object that has the string that will be put in the table cell Task *task = [fetchedResultsController objectAtIndexPath:indexPath]; //make button UIButton *button = [[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect] retain]; [button setTitle:@"Check" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [button setTitle:@"Checked" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; //set the table cell text equal to the object's property cell.textLabel.text = [task taskName]; //addbutton as a subview [cell.contentView addSubview:button]; } - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } // Configure the cell. [self configureCell:cell atIndexPath:indexPath]; return cell; }

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• What do we log and why do we log it?

  - by Lucas

  This has been bugging me for quite some time. Reading various questions on SO, blogs and listening to colleagues, I keep hearing how important "logging" is. How various logging frameworks stack up against each other, and how there are so many to pick from it's (apparently) ridiculous. Now, I know what logging is. What I don't know is what is supposed to be logged and why. Sure, I can guess. Exceptions? Sounds like something one might want to log... but which exceptions? And is it only exceptions? And what do I do with the logged information? If it's an in-house app, then that could probably be put to good use, but if it's a commercial desktop application, how is the log of... whatever... helping anyone? I doubt regular users would be peeking inside. Is it then something you ask the users to provide on request? I'm deeply frustrated by my own ignorance in this. It's also surprising how little information there is about this. The info on the websites of the various logging frameworks is all written for an audience that already knows what it wants to log, and knows why it needs to do so. Same things goes for the various discussions on SO about logging, like for instance this highly voted up question on Logging best practices. For a question with so many votes, it's almost comical how there's next to nothing in there that would answer my what and why questions. So being finally fed up, I'm asking here: what do people log, and why do they log it?

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• Rss Feed Java MVC

  - by GigaPr

  Hi, i would like to create some RSS Feeds for my website. I managed to crate the XML file but How do i display it in a nice format like http://newsrss.bbc.co.uk/rss/newsonline_uk_edition/front_page/rss.xml and how do i crate the little icon in the url box? by the way my XML file looks like <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <rss version="2.0"> <channel> <title>title</title> <description>desciption</description> <link>LINK</link> <dateCreated>2010-05-31 00:00:00.0</dateCreated> <language>Italian</language> <item> <title>pojpoj</title> <description>pojpojpoj</description> <link>ojpojpoj</link> <dateCreated>2010-06-03 00:00:00.0</dateCreated> <pubDate>2010-06-03 00:00:00.0</pubDate> </item> <item> <title>dfojp</title> <description>pojpojpoj</description> <link>pojpoj</link> <dateCreated>2010-06-03 00:00:00.0</dateCreated> <pubDate>2010-06-03 00:00:00.0</pubDate> </item> </channel> </rss> Thanks

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• Resolve php endless recursion issue

  - by Matt

  Hey all, I'm currently running into an endless recursion situation. I'm implementing a message service that calls various object methods.. it's quite similar to observer pattern.. Here's whats going on: Dispatcher.php class Dispatcher { ... public function message($name, $method) { // Find the object based on the name $object = $this->findObjectByName($name); // Slight psuedocode.. for ease of example if($this->not_initialized($object)) $object = new $object(); // This is where it locks up. } return $object->$method(); ... } class A { function __construct() { $Dispatcher->message("B", "getName"); } public function getName() { return "Class A"; } } class B { function __construct() { // Assume $Dispatcher is the classes $Dispatcher->message("A", "getName"); } public function getName() { return "Class B"; } } It locks up when neither object is initialized. It just goes back and forth from message each other and no one can be initialized. I'm looking for some kind of queue implementation that will make messages wait for each other.. One where the return values still get set. I'm looking to have as little boilerplate code in class A and class B as possible Any help would be immensely helpful.. Thanks! Matt Mueller

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• C#: Take Out Image Portion of JPEG to Backup Metadata?

  - by Carlo Mendoza

  This will be a little backwards from the typical approach. I've used ExifTool for metadata manipulation before, but I really want to keep the best metadata backup I can before I make anything permanent. What I want to do is remove the compressed image portion of a JPEG file to leave everything else intact. That's backing up EXIF, Makernotes, IPTC, XMP, etc whether at the beginning or end of the file. What I've tried so far is to strip all metadata from a copy of the original JPEG, and use it as a basis of what bytes will be taken out of the original. After looking at the raw data, it doesn't seem like the stripped copy is contiguous in the original copy. There may be some header information still remaining in the stripped version. I don't really know. Not a good way to do it, I suppose. Are there any markers that will absolutely tell me where the compressed JPEG image data starts and ends? I understand that JPEG files have 0xFFD8 and 0xFFD9 to mark the start and end of the image, but have come to find out that metadata is actually between those markers. I'm using C#. Thank you.

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• Please take a stab at this VB.Net Oracle-related sample and help me with String.Format.

  - by Hamish Grubijan

  If the database is not Oracle, it is MS SQl 2008. My task: if Oracle, add two more parameters when calling a stored proc. Oracle and MSFT stored procs are generated; Oracle ones have 3 extra parameters: Vret_val out number, Vparam2 in out number, Vparam3 in out number, ... the rest (The are not actually named Vparam2 and Vparam3, but this should not matter). So, the code for a helper VB.Net class that calls a stored proc: Imports System.Data.Odbc Imports System.Configuration Dim objCon As OdbcConnection = Nothing Dim objAdapter As OdbcDataAdapter Dim cmdCommand As New OdbcCommand Dim objDataTable As DataTable Dim sconnection As String Try sconnection = mConnectionString objAdapter = New OdbcDataAdapter objCon = New OdbcConnection(sconnection) objCon.Open() objAdapter.SelectCommand = cmdCommand objAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = objCon objAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure objAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = Globals.mReportTimeOut If Not mIsOracle Then objAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = String.Format("{{call {0}}}", spName) Else Dim returnValue As New OdbcParameter returnValue.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output returnValue.ParameterName = "@Vret_val" returnValue.OdbcType = OdbcType.Numeric objAdapter.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(returnValue) objAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = String.Format("{{call {0}(?)}}", spName) End If Try objDataTable = New DataTable(spName) objAdapter.Fill(objDataTable) Catch ex As Exception ... Question: I am puzzled as to what String.Format("{{call {0}(?)}}", spName) does, in particular the (?) part. My understanding of the String.Format is that it will simply replace {0} with spName. The {{, }}, and (?) do throw me off because { reminds me of formatting, (?) hints at some advanced regex use. Unfortunately I am getting little help from a key person who is on vacation without a leash [smart]phone. I am guessing that I simply add 5 more lines for each additional parameter, and change String.Format("{{call {0}(?)}}", spName) to String.Format("{{call {0}(?,?,?)}}", spName). I forgot to mention that I am coding this "blindly" - I have a compiler to help me, but no environment set up to test this. This will be over in a few days, but I need to do my best to try finishing it on time :) Thanks.

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• Flex 4 / Flash 4 Add to Current State

  - by user163757

  I am having a little difficulty working with states in Flex (or Flash) 4. Lets say that my application has three states; the default (base) state, state 1, and state 2. State 1 should always be based on the base state, that's easy enough to accomplish. However, I would like state 2 to be based on the current state (either base or state 1). I can't for the life of me figure it out. I tried setting the basedOn property of state 1 to "this.currentState", but that just crashes my browser. <s:states> <s:State name="default"/> <s:State name="state1"/> <s:State name="state2" basedOn="{this.currentState}"/> </s:states> <s:TitleWindow id="configWindow" includeIn="state1" width="250" height="100%" close="configWindow_closeHandler(event)"/> <s:Panel id="settings" includeIn="state2" width="200" height="200"/>

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• Prototypal inheritance should save memory, right?

  - by Techpriester

  Hi Folks, I've been wondering: Using prototypes in JavaScript should be more memory efficient than attaching every member of an object directly to it for the following reasons: The prototype is just one single object. The instances hold only references to their prototype. Versus: Every instance holds a copy of all the members and methods that are defined by the constructor. I started a little experiment with this: var TestObjectFat = function() { this.number = 42; this.text = randomString(1000); } var TestObjectThin = function() { this.number = 42; } TestObjectThin.prototype.text = randomString(1000); randomString(x) just produces a, well, random String of length x. I then instantiated the objects in large quantities like this: var arr = new Array(); for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { arr.push(new TestObjectFat()); // or new TestObjectThin() } ... and checked the memory usage of the browser process (Google Chrome). I know, that's not very exact... However, in both cases the memory usage went up significantly as expected (about 30MB for TestObjectFat), but the prototype variant used not much less memory (about 26MB for TestObjectThin). I also checked: The TestObjectThin instances contain the same string in their "text" property, so they are really using the property of the prototype. Now, I'm not so sure what to think about this. The prototyping doesn't seem to be the big memory saver at all. I know that prototyping is a great idea for many other reasons, but I'm specifically concerned with memory usage here. Any explanations why the prototype variant uses almost the same amount of memory? Am I missing something?

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• iPhone SDK: Switching to one view then back to previous view errors

  - by Nic Hubbard

  I have a UITabBarConroller that I use to switch between 3 different views. This all works perfectly. On one of my tabs, I added a button at the to called "Add", I have added an outlet to this, as well as an IBAction method which looks like the following: // Method used to load up view where we can add a new ride - (IBAction)showAddNewRideView { MyRidesViewController *controller = [[MyRidesViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"AddNewRide" bundle:nil]; controller.modalTransitionStyle = UIModalTransitionStyleCoverVertical; [self presentModalViewController:controller animated:YES]; [controller release]; }//end showAddNewRideView This currently works fine, and loads up my AddNewRide nib file. But, once that view loads, I have a cancel button, which, when clicked, I want to return to the previous view. So, I figured I would just do the reverse of the above, using the following method which would load back my previous nib: - (IBAction)cancelAddingNewRide { MyRidesViewController *controller = [[MyRidesViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"MainWindow" bundle:nil]; controller.modalTransitionStyle = UIModalTransitionStyleCoverVertical; [self presentModalViewController:controller animated:YES]; [controller release]; }//end cancelAddingNewRide But, which trying to load the MainWindow nib, the program crashes, and I get the following error: 2010-05-05 20:24:37.211 Ride[6032:207] *** -[MyRidesViewController cancelAddingNewRide]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x501e450 2010-05-05 20:24:37.213 Ride[6032:207] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '*** -[MyRidesViewController cancelAddingNewRide]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x501e450' So, I am a little lost as to why it would work one way, but not the other.

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