shared hosting - Page 395

Automatically starting svnserve on Snow Leopard

- by Cleggy

Note: I originally asked this question on Server Fault (http://serverfault.com/questions/148052/automatically-starting-svnserve-on-snow-leopard), but I thought this may be a more appropriate place to ask. I have installed Subversion onto my iMac running Snow Leopard, but am having trouble getting svnserve to start up automatically. As I understand it (I'm still fairly green with OSX), the best way to do that is to utilize launchd. To that end, I have created the following .plist file in the /Library/LaunchDaemons folder. If I use launchctl to execute this file, svnserve starts as expected, but it doesn't automatically start when the system starts up or I log in. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Disabled</key> <false/> <key>Label</key> <string>org.tigris.subversion.svnserve</string> <key>UserName</key> <string>Dave</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/opt/subversion/bin/svnserve</string> <string>--inetd</string> <string>--root=/Users/Shared/SVNrep</string> </array> <key>ServiceDescription</key> <string>Subversion Standalone Server</string> <key>Sockets</key> <dict> <key>Listeners</key> <array> <dict> <key>SockFamily</key> <string>IPv4</string> <key>SockServiceName</key> <string>svn</string> <key>SockType</key> <string>stream</string> </dict> <dict> <key>SockFamily</key> <string>IPv6</string> <key>SockServiceName</key> <string>svn</string> <key>SockType</key> <string>stream</string> </dict> </array> </dict> <key>inetdCompatibility</key> <dict> <key>Wait</key> <false/> </dict> </dict> </plist> I have tried many different configs in the .plist, including auto-starting, simplifying the listeners section, removing dependence on inetd, but they all show the same symptom. The files work when started using launchctl load, but do not automatically start up svnserve if the iMac is rebooted. If anyone here could provide any suggestions as to how to get this to work, I'd really appreciate it.

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Troubleshooting High Load on Plesk LAMP Dedicated Server

- by Callmeed

I have 2 nearly identical dedicated servers with the same provider. They also run a nearly identical software stack: RedHat 5 64-bit, Plesk, PHP, Apache, & MySQL. We use them for hosting custom sites we build. The problem is, while our 1st server has a load average (in top) of around 0.3, the 2nd server consistently has a load average of around 4.0 or higher. Basic functions in Plesk are delayed and there is a bit of latency when executing shell commands. Anyone have ideas why it would be so high? And why it would differ from our other server so much? Here is my current top output (sorted by %MEM) ... Any help is much appreciated ... top - 21:48:04 up 100 days, 4:28, 1 user, load average: 3.74, 4.20, 4.23 Tasks: 336 total, 1 running, 335 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.8%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 91.3%id, 7.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 12290884k total, 11886452k used, 404432k free, 2920212k buffers Swap: 2096472k total, 244k used, 2096228k free, 6560692k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22536 apache 15 0 860m 547m 6484 S 0.0 4.6 0:10.96 httpd 26467 apache 15 0 859m 546m 6408 S 0.0 4.5 0:07.67 httpd 3620 apache 15 0 859m 545m 5552 S 0.0 4.5 0:06.15 httpd 1895 apache 15 0 858m 544m 6356 S 0.0 4.5 0:08.25 httpd 16933 apache 15 0 858m 544m 5488 S 0.0 4.5 0:01.57 httpd 6431 apache 15 0 856m 542m 6076 S 10.6 4.5 0:05.32 httpd 14417 apache 15 0 856m 542m 5568 S 0.0 4.5 0:03.88 httpd 15403 apache 15 0 855m 541m 5616 S 0.0 4.5 0:03.73 httpd 19165 apache 15 0 853m 539m 6252 S 0.0 4.5 0:12.40 httpd 15898 apache 15 0 852m 539m 5376 S 0.0 4.5 0:02.68 httpd 14401 apache 15 0 851m 538m 5460 S 0.0 4.5 0:02.97 httpd 15393 apache 15 0 851m 538m 5404 S 0.0 4.5 0:03.12 httpd 15427 apache 15 0 851m 538m 5496 S 0.0 4.5 0:02.44 httpd 14412 apache 15 0 851m 538m 5324 S 0.0 4.5 0:02.15 httpd 18330 apache 15 0 851m 537m 5136 S 0.0 4.5 0:01.30 httpd 18303 apache 15 0 848m 535m 5140 S 0.0 4.5 0:00.47 httpd 21190 apache 15 0 845m 533m 3988 S 0.0 4.4 0:00.33 httpd 15923 root 18 0 822m 521m 9928 S 0.0 4.3 10:04.81 httpd 22021 apache 15 0 828m 520m 4964 S 0.0 4.3 0:00.16 httpd 22146 apache 15 0 823m 515m 3016 S 0.0 4.3 0:00.02 httpd 22345 apache 15 0 822m 514m 2408 S 0.0 4.3 0:00.00 httpd 14721 apache 15 0 733m 510m 488 S 0.0 4.3 0:00.00 httpd 5094 root 15 0 1452m 122m 15m S 1.0 1.0 852:24.24 java 4636 mysql 15 0 532m 57m 6440 S 1.0 0.5 488:05.84 mysqld 4799 popuser 15 0 166m 53m 2368 S 0.0 0.4 0:36.64 spamd 16761 popuser 15 0 159m 46m 2312 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.38 spamd 4797 root 15 0 158m 45m 2448 S 0.0 0.4 0:01.27 spamd 5074 root 34 19 255m 20m 2144 S 0.0 0.2 1:37.53 yum-updatesd 9917 named 15 0 366m 9804 1980 S 0.0 0.1 0:10.26 named 4332 sso 18 0 119m 8028 5212 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sw-engine-cgi 4341 sso 18 0 119m 8028 5212 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.07 sw-engine-cgi 4350 sso 18 0 119m 8028 5212 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.09 sw-engine-cgi 4352 sso 18 0 119m 8028 5212 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 sw-engine-cgi 4376 ntp 15 0 23388 5020 3896 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.58 ntpd 4331 sw-cp-se 15 0 61336 4572 1480 S 0.0 0.0 5:53.22 sw-cp-serverd 4213 haldaemo 15 0 31252 4460 1684 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.52 hald 4778 postgres 18 0 117m 4164 3484 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 postmaster 18555 root 16 0 98.3m 3716 2852 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 sshd 4488 sso 18 0 119m 3044 224 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sw-engine-cgi 4489 sso 18 0 119m 3044 224 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sw-engine-cgi 4492 sso 18 0 119m 3044 224 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sw-engine-cgi 4493 sso 18 0 119m 3044 224 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sw-engine-cgi 4490 sso 18 0 119m 3040 220 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sw-engine-cgi

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How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

- by Xeoncross

Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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Connecting tomcat6 to apache2

- by StudentKen

Disclaimier: Not a server admin I've been scratching my head over this for weeks now (not consistently mind you, as that would be maddening). I've been trying to connect my apache2 server to my tomcat server to the point where if someone encounters *.jsp or any servelet in navigating my web directory, it's handed over to tomcat. I have both Apache2.0 (port 9099) and Tomcat6 (9089) running on Debian lenny on the same box. Currently, mod_jk is enabled with mod_jk.conf in $apacheHOME/mods-enabled/ with content: # Where to find workers.properties JkWorkersFile /etc/apache2/workers.properties # Where to put jk shared memory JkShmFile /var/log/at_jk/mod_jk.shm # Where to put jk logs JkLogFile /var/log/at_jk/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the timestamp log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " # Send servlet for context /examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /*/servlet/* worker1 # Send JSPs for context /examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /*.jsp worker1 my workers.properties located in $apacheHOME/ with content: workers.tomcat_home=/var/lib/tomcat6 workers.java_home=/usr/lib/jdk1.6.0_23/db/ worker.list=worker1 ps=/ worker.worker1.port=9071 worker.worker1.host=localhost worker.worker1.type=ajp13 my web.xml in $tomcatHOME/conf has the following servlets enabled <servlet> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-cla$ <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>0</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>listings</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>fork</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>30</session-timeout> </session-config> From what I can tell, there's no funny buisness as both the apache2, tomcat, and mod_jk logs show green; yet whenever I navigate to a jsp, it simply displays the javascript. I'm unsure what the problem is exactly despite pouring over the logs and documentation for aid. I'm quite a greenhorn in the servelet world.

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How to restore Linode to Vagrant VM?

- by Iain Elder

I'm trying to set up a Linux development environment so I can safely make changes to my website without breaking the live site. Linode hosts my live site. A simple solution would be to host my development server on Linode as well, but I want to avoid doubling my hosting costs. The cheapest way I see is to use Vagrant on my Windows workstation to host my development environment. After I attempt to restore the backup to Vagrant and reboot the VM, I can no longer ssh into the Vagrant host. It's probably because by restoring the backup I overwrite some special Vagrant configuration, but I'm not sure how to avoid that. How do I make this approach work? If my approach is fundamentally wrong, can you suggest an alternative? Creating the backup On the Linode I used these commands to create a compressed copy of the entire filesystem, while ignoring things that shouldn't be included in the backup: $ sudo rsync -ahvz --exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/run/*,/mnt/*,/backup/*} /* /backup/2 $ sudo tar -czf /backup/2.gz /backup/2 The backup file is called 2.gz because this is thesecond backup. The first backup is called 1.gz. I use WinSCP to copy the backup file to my Windows workstation. Setting up the Vagrant host I need a Vagrant box that matches my Linode operating system (Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS, kernel 3.9.3). I selected the closet match from vagrantbox.es: Ubuntu Server Precise 12.04.3 amd64 Kernel is ready for Docker (Docker not included) On my workstation I ran these commands to add the box and initialize and boot an instance: $ vagrant box add ubuntu-precise http://nitron-vagrant.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/vagrant_ubuntu_12.04.3_amd64_virtualbox.box $ mkdir linode-test $ cd linode-test $ vagrant init ubuntu-precise $ vagrant up Now Vagrant is running a machine with SSH on port 2222. The operating system version is the same. The kernel version is 3.8.0. Sounds close enough. Restoring the backup With WinSCP I copied the backup file 2.gz to /home/vagrant/2.gz on the Vagrant box. With PuTTY I connected via ssh to my new Vagrant box: On the box move the backup to the filesystem root. $ sudo mv 2.gz / Extract the archive to the filesystem root: $ sudo tar -xvpz -f 2.gz -C / --strip-components=2 (I discovered I need to use strip components because all files in the archive have the prefix backup/2/. I'll fix this for the next backup.) After the tar command completes, I log out of the box. Testing the backup When I try to log in again, it doesn't let me log in as vagrant with a password any more. It does let me log in as iain, my user on the live Linode, with a password. That surprised me because I disabled password authentication on my live Linode. I figured that I have to restart the ssh service for the change to take effect. Instead of restarting just ssh, I chose to restart the whole system. Now I can't even get to the login screen. PuTTY says "connection refused" when I try to connect. What went wrong?

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ServerAlias not working

- by Janis Peisenieks

I have a VPS, that I have configured to host multiple websites with name based hosting. It is all good while only using example.com, and www.example.com. It also works with example.net, but when I try example.net, it reverts to my default site configuration, which just shows my default (empty) index.html page. Here's the default file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> Here's a configuration for the example.com site: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.com/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/access.log combined <Directory /srv/www/example.com/public_html/> AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> And here is the config for the example.net site: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName example.net ServerAlias www.example.net DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.net/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/example.net/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/example.net/logs/access.log combined <Directory /srv/www/example.net/public_html/> AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> Where could the problem be? I believe, that there is something going wrong with the ServerAlias property. Could it be because of the way the site's are built? Because example.com is a Joomla site, and example.net is a Zend Framework site. Just in case, I'll also insert the .htaccess files for example.net, since example.com has it's disabled: example.net: SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development RewriteRule ^(browse|config).* - [L] ErrorDocument 500 /error-docs/500.shtml SetEnv CACHE_OFFSET 2678400 <FilesMatch "\.(ico|pdf|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css|swf)$"> Header set Expires "Fri, 25 Sep 2037 19:30:32 GMT" Header unset ETag FileETag None </FilesMatch> RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^(adm|statistics) - [L] RewriteRule ^/public/(.*)$ http://example.net/$1 [R] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ public/$1 [L] Any help would be greatly appreciated! Edit So that my question is ABSOLUTELY clear: The problem is, that one site works with both www prefix as well as without it, and the second one does not. I would like to know how to enable the second site to work with www prefix as well.

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apache2.2 + php5 , process never die and stay blocked to LOCK_SH

- by Givre

Server version: Apache/2.2.22 (Unix) Server built: Mar 28 2012 16:31:45 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:30 Server loaded: APR 1.4.6, APR-Util 1.4.1 Compiled using: APR 1.4.6, APR-Util 1.4.1 Architecture: 64-bit Server MPM: Prefork threaded: no forked: yes (variable process count) Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/opt/apache2" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/opt/apache2/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="logs/accept.lock" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" Php5.2.17. Using mod_php5 as a DSO module compiled Problem: On shared webhosting, a lot of apache2 process never stop or die and they waiting as long as apache2 restart. Strace of one of theses process: access("tmp/meta_cache.txt", F_OK) = 0 getcwd("/home/exemple.com/htdocs"..., 4096) = 34 lstat("/var", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/var/www", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=1715, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=16, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0770, st_size=51, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=51, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp/meta_cache.txt", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0666, st_size=8901, ...}) = 0 lstat("/var", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/var/www", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=1715, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=16, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0770, st_size=51, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=51, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp/meta_cache.txt", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0666, st_size=8901, ...}) = 0 lstat("/var", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/var/www", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=1715, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=16, ...}) = 0 getcwd("/home/exemple.com/htdocs"..., 4096) = 34 lstat("/var", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/var/www", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=1715, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=16, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0770, st_size=51, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=51, ...}) = 0 lstat("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp/meta_cache.txt", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0666, st_size=8901, ...}) = 0 open("/home/exemple.com/htdocs/tmp/meta_cache.txt", O_RDONLY) = 10905 fstat(10905, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0666, st_size=8901, ...}) = 0 lseek(10905, 0, SEEK_CUR) = 0 flock(10905, LOCK_SH) = The process never die, and stay like this. All files are on NFS V3 I'dont know how to solve this problem or find more informations. The effect is that all apache2 process become used and apache2 crash totaly . Thanks for you help.

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Performance issues when using SSD for a developer notebook (WAMP/LAMP stack)?

- by András Szepesházi

I'm a web application developer using my notebook as a standalone development environment (WAMP stack). I just switched from a Core2-duo Vista 32 bit notebook with 2Gb RAM and SATA HDD, to an i5-2520M Win7 64 bit with 4Gb RAM and 128 GB SDD (Corsair P3 128). My initial experience was what I expected, fast boot, quick load of all the applications (Eclipse takes now 5 seconds as opposed to 30s on my old notebook), overall great experience. Then I started to build up my development stack, both as LAMP (using VirtualBox with a debian guest) and WAMP (windows native apache + mysql + php). I wanted to compare those two. This still all worked great out, then I started to pull in my projects to these stacks. And here came the nasty surprise, one of those projects produced a lot worse response times than on my old notebook (that was true for both the VirtualBox and WAMP stack). Apache, php and mysql configurations were practically identical in all environments. I started to do a lot of benchmarking and profiling, and here is what I've found: All general benchmarks (Performance Test 7.0, HDTune Pro, wPrime2 and some more) gave a big advantage to the new notebook. Nothing surprising here. Disc specific tests showed that read/write operations peaked around 380M/160M for the SSD, and all the different sized block operations also performed very well. Started apache performance benchmarking with Apache Benchmark for a small static html file (10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations). Old notebook: min 47ms, median 111ms, max 156ms New WAMP stack: min 71ms, median 135ms, max 296ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 6ms, median 46ms, max 175ms Right here I don't get why the native WAMP stack performed so bad, but at least the LAMP environment brought the expected speed. Apache performance measurement for non-cached php content. The php runs a loop of 1000 and generates sha1(uniqid()) inisde. Again, 10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 0ms, median 39ms, max 218ms New WAMP stack: min 20ms, median 61ms, max 186ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 124ms, median 704ms, max 2463ms What the hell? The new LAMP performed miserably, and even the new native WAMP was outperformed by the old notebook. php + mysql test. The test consists of connecting to a database and reading a single record form a table using INNER JOIN on 3 more (indexed) tables, repeated 100 times within a loop. Databases were identical. 10 concurrent threads, 100 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1734ms, max 3728ms New WAMP stack: min 367ms, median 675ms, max 1893ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 1410ms, median 3659ms, max 5045ms And the same test with concurrency set to 1 (instead of 10): Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1261ms, max 1357ms New WAMP stack: min 399ms, median 483ms, max 539ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 285ms, median 348ms, max 444ms Strictly for my purposes, as I'm using a self contained development environment (= low concurrency) I could be satisfied with the second test's result. Though I have no idea why the VirtualBox environment performed so bad with higher concurrency. Finally I performed a test of including many php files. The application that I mentioned at the beginning, the one that was performing so bad, has a heavy bootstrap, loads hundreds of small library and configuration files while initializing. So this test does nothing else just includes about 100 files. Concurrency set to 1, 100 iterations: Old notebook: min 140ms, median 168ms, max 406ms New WAMP stack: min 434ms, median 488ms, max 604ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 413ms, median 1040ms, max 1921ms Even if I consider that VirtualBox reached those files via shared folders, and that slows things down a bit, I still don't see how could the old notebook outperform so heavily both new configurations. And I think this is the real root of the slow performance, as the application uses even more includes, and the whole bootstrap will occur several times within a page request (for each ajax call, for example). To sum it up, here I am with a brand new high-performance notebook that loads the same page in 20 seconds, that my old notebook can do in 5-7 seconds. Needless to say, I'm not a very happy person right now. Why do you think I experience these poor performance values? What are my options to remedy this situation?

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Bridged virtual interface is not available or visible to ifconfig.

- by Omniwombat

Hello all. I'm running Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-18, and vmware-server 2.0.1. I'm attempting to setup a virtual linux machine to use a bridged interface rather than NAT or host-only. Both NAT and host-only work just fine. When running vmware-config.pl, I set /dev/vmnet0 to bridge eth0, /dev/vmnet1 to host-only, and /dev/vmnet8 to NAT. When I run ifconfig -a I see the physical interface (eth0), vmnet1 and vmnet8 both of which are up and have IP addresses assigned to them. I also see other various interfaces that are not relevant here. In the web console, when I ask that the guest machine's network card be bridged, it states that a bridged setup is "Not available" and shows the disabled device icon. Inside the guest machine, I do have an eth0 interface which I can set to anything I like, however it can't see my external network, or the host. I do see errors in my vmware/hostd.log which state: "The network bridge on device vmnet0 is not running. The virtual machine will not be able to communicate with the host or with other machines on your network" which confirms the problem. vmnet-bridge is running, and I see the following in my process table: /usr/bin/vmnet-bridge -d /var/run/vmnet-bridge-0.pid -n 0 -i eth0 I confirm that the /var/run/vmnet-bridge-0.pid file is there and that it points to the correct process. I saw this question relating to Ubuntu 9.04 and bridged interfaces, in which the poster determined that the vsock library was not getting built due to a flaw in the vmware-config.pl script. I applied the patch, reran the script, and confirm that vsock.ko and vsock.o are in my /lib directory structure. vsock does show up in an lsmod. My /etc/vmware directory has /vmnet1 and /vmnet8 subdirectories. They contain configuration utilities for running DHCP and nat type services as expected. There is no vmnet0 subdirectory. My /etc/vmware/netmap.conf file DOES show entries for vmnet0; both the name and the device as I configured it from the script. My /dev directory contains devices vmnet0 through vmnet9. They have major device number 119, and minor device numbers 0 through 9. /proc/net/dev shows statistics for vmnet1 and vmnet8, but not vmnet0. I have a /proc/vmnet directory, but it's empty. When I start or stop the vmware service with /etc/init.d/vmware start, I see the following: Starting VMware services: Virtual machine monitor done Virtual machine communication interface done VM communication interface socket family: done Virtual ethernet done Bridged networking on /dev/vmnet0 done Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet1 (background) done DHCP server on /dev/vmnet1 done Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet8 (background) done DHCP server on /dev/vmnet8 done NAT service on /dev/vmnet8 done VMware Server Authentication Daemon (background) done Shared Memory Available done Starting VMware management services: VMware Server Host Agent (background) done VMware Virtual Infrastructure Web Access Starting VMware autostart virtual machines: Virtual machines done Nothing appears to be wrong there. What n00b thing am I doing such that vmnet0 and only vmnet0 does not show up in the interface list?

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Issues configuring Exchange 2010 as well as SSL problems.

- by Eric Smith

Possibly-Relevant Background Info: I've recently moved up from icky shared hosting to a glorious, Remote Desktop-administrated VPS server running Windows Server 2008 R2. Even though I'm only 21 now and a computer science major, I've tried to play with every Windows Server release since '03, just to learn new things. What usually happens is inevitably I'll do something wrong and pretty much ruin the install. You're dealing with an amateur here :) Through the past few months of working with my new server, I've mastered DNS, IIS, got Team Foundation Server running (yay!), and can install all of the other basics like SQL Server and Active Directory. The Problem: Now, these last few weeks I've been trying to install Exchange Server 2010 (SP1). To make a long story short, it took me several attempts, and I even had to get my server wiped just so I could start fresh since Exchange decided uninstalling properly was for sissies (cost me $20, bah). Today, at long last, I got Exchange mostly working. There were two main problems left, however, that left me unsatisfied: Exchange installed itself and all of its child sites into Default Web Site. I wanted to access Exchange via mail.domain.com, but instead everything was configured to domain.com. My limited server admin knowledge was not enough to configure IIS or Exchange to move itself over to the website I had set up for it, appropriately titled 'mail.domain.com', which I had bound to a dedicated IP address (I was told this was necessary, but he may have been wrong). I have two SSL certificates: one for my main domain and one for my mail subdomain. For whatever reason, I had issues geting Exchange to use my mail certificate, even though I had assigned the proper roles in the MMC. I did, at one point, get it to work (or mostly work, anyways. Frankly, my memory of today is clouded by intense frustration). Additionally, I was confused which type of SSL certificate I should be using for Exchange. My SSL provider, GoDaddy, allows me to request a new certificate whenever, so I can use either the certificate request provided by IIS or the more complicated and specific request you can create with Exchange. Which type should I be using, the IIS or Exchange certificate? If I must use the Exchange certificate, will that 1) cause issues when I bind that certificate to my mail.domain.com subdomain or 2) is that an unnecessary step? The SSL Certificate Strikes Back When I thought I had the proper SSL certificate assigned for those brief, sweet moments, Google Chrome reported the correct mail.domain.com certificate when browsing https://mail.domain.com. However, Outlook 2010 threw up an error when trying to configure my email account claiming that the certificate didn't match the domain of "mail.domain.com". Is this an issue that will be resolved by problem #2 or is it a separate one entirely? Apologies for the massive wall of text, but I wanted to provide as much info as I possibly could. Exchange is the last thing I'd like installed on my server, and naturally it's turning out to be the hardest. Thanks for any info at all. Even a point in a vague direction would be a huge help at this point. Thanks! -Eric P.S.: The reason I keep ruining my install is that when I attempt to uninstall Exchange, something invariably goes wrong. The last time the uninstaller complained that there was still a mailbox active and it couldn't proceed until I deleted it. ... The only mailbox left was the Administrator account, the built-in one I couldn't delete. So I attempted to manually uninstall it following several guides online only to now be stuck unable to launch the installer and have to get my system wiped AGAIN for the second time today ($40 down the drain, bah!). I do not understand at all why "uninstall" just can't mean "hey, you, delete everything and go away". There's not even a force uninstall option, only a "recover system" option that just fails to fix anything and makes it so I can't even use the GUI uninstaller. </rant>

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Backup a hosted Sharepoint

- by David Mackintosh

One of my customers has outsourced their Sharepoint and Exchange services to a hosted services provider. I believe it is a Sharepoint 2007 service. It is a shared hosting solution, so we do not have any kind of access to the server itself; we only have user-level and sharepoint-administrator-level access to the Sharepoint application. They have come to the point where they would like to have a copy of everything that is on the Sharepoint server. I have downloaded the Office Sharepoint Designer 2007, and it features three (!) ways to backup a Sharepoint server, none (!) of which work for me: File-Export-Personal Web Package: When selecting everything, it calculates a negative size. Barfs with No "content-type" in CGI environment error. File-Export-Sharepoint Template: barfs with a A World Wide Web browser, such as Windows Internet Explorer, is required to use this feature error. Site-Administration-Backup Web Site: wants to create the backup .cmp file on the sharepoint server itself. I don't have access to any servers on the same network so I can't redirect it to any form of the suggested \\server\place. Barfs with a The Web application at $URL could not be found. [...] error. Possibly moot because Google tells me that bad things happen using OSD to back up sites larger than 24MB (which this site is most definitely). So I called the helpdesk of the outsource provider, and got told that they recommend using OSD, but no they don't actually provide any application support for OSD (not that I blame them for that), but they could do a stsadm.exe backup and provide us with that, and OSD should be able to read the resulting cmp file. Then for authorization reasons they had my customer call them directly (since I can't authorize such an operation), and they told him that he didn't want a stsadm.exe backup, he wanted to get into an 'explorer view' and deal with things that way (they were vague). Google hasn't been much help in figuring out what an 'explorer view' is, let alone how I bring one up. The end goal of this operation is to have a backup of the site as it exists (hopefully today, but shortly anyways) in such a format that we don't need another sharepoint server to restore it to. Ie we'd like to be able to pick individual content directly out of this backup. We are not excessively concerned with things like formatting. We just want the documents. This is a fairly complex site with multiple subsites and multiple folders per subsite, so sitting there and manually downloading each file isn't really going to happen if there is a better easier way. So, my questions: Is the stsadm.exe backup what I want? If not, what do I want? If I manage to convince them that I do want the stsadm.exe backup, can I pick files out of the resulting backup file with OSD? If OSD isn't going to let me extract individual files, is there a tool I can use that can?

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Why am I getting a 403 error on a POST to a PHP script?

- by John Gallagher

Background I want to allow my users to submit a crash report which will get emailed to me. I'm using UKCrashReporter with the bundled PHP script I've modified. This code does a POST to a specified URL along with the crash report. I'm on a shared server running Linux. My main domain is synapticmishap.co.uk. The Problem When I send the crash report off, on the Cocoa side, it reports as having sent it successfully, but I don't receive an email. The code has been used in lots of other well established Cocoa projects and it was working for me a few months ago. That leads me to conclude that the problems are related to my web server setup, something I know almost nothing about. When I look at my log files, I see entries like this: IP Redacted - - [10/Jun/2010:09:47:53 +0100] "POST /synapticmishap/crashreportform.php HTTP/1.1" 403 74 "-" "UKCrashReporter" What I've tried I've tried accessing the page at http://synapticmishap.co.uk/synapticmishap/crashreportform.php via a browser. It loads fine. I've made sure the permissions on this php script are set so anyone can execute it. I've tried removing the deny entries from the section of .htaccess at various levels starting with root. I've downloaded the URLParams plugin for Firefox which allows you to simulate POSTs. I put in the URL above and tried a post with "crashlog" as the parameter and "test" as the value. This generated a 200 log entry in my log file - it seemed to work, although no mail message was sent. Code I've got the following at http://synapticmishap.co.uk/synapticmishap/crashreportform.php. I've simplified it to just the bare bones in an effort to get it working. <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Crash Report</title> </head> <body> <p>This page contains super special magic which submits a crash report item to me.</p> <p>Nothing to see here - move along.</p> <?php mail( "[email protected]", "Crash Report", "\r\n\r\nThis is a test."); ?> </body> </html> This is my top level .htaccess file: RewriteEngine on # -FrontPage- IndexIgnore .htaccess */.??* *~ *# */HEADER* */README* */_vti* <Limit GET POST> order deny,allow deny from all allow from all </Limit> <Limit PUT DELETE> order deny,allow deny from all </Limit> Options All -Indexes RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^synapticmishap.co.uk$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.synapticmishap.co.uk$ RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^lapsusapp.co.uk$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.lapsusapp.co.uk$ RewriteRule ^/?$ "http\:\/\/synapticmishap\.co\.uk\/synapticmishap\/lapsuspromo\/" [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^jgtutoring.co.uk$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.jgtutoring.co.uk$ RewriteRule ^/?$ "http\:\/\/synapticmishap\.co\.uk\/tutoring" [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^synapticmishap.co.uk$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.synapticmishap.co.uk$ RewriteRule ^/?$ "http\:\/\/synapticmishap\.co\.uk\/synapticmishap" [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^jgediting.co.uk$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.jgediting.co.uk$ RewriteRule ^/?$ "http\:\/\/synapticmishap\.co\.uk\/editing" [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$ RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://synapticmishap.co.uk/.*$ [NC] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://synapticmishap.co.uk$ [NC] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.synapticmishap.co.uk/.*$ [NC] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.synapticmishap.co.uk$ [NC] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://synapticmishap.co.uk/synapticmishap/crashreportform.php/.*$ [NC] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://synapticmishap.co.uk/synapticmishap/crashreportform.php$ [NC] RewriteRule .*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|bmp)$ - [F,NC] Help! I'm at the end of my tether with this and I'm in a very unfamiliar space with all this web stuff. I'd be most appreciative of any thoughts people had on why this isn't working. Thanks.

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Automatically starting svnserve on Snow Leopard

- by Cleggy

I have installed Subversion onto my iMac running Snow Leopard, but am having trouble getting svnserve to start up automatically. As I understand it (I'm still fairly green with OSX), the best way to do that is to utilize launchd. To that end, I have created the following .plist file in the /Library/LaunchDaemons folder. If I use launchctl to execute this file, svnserve starts as expected, but it doesn't automatically start when the system starts up or I log in. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Disabled</key> <false/> <key>Label</key> <string>org.tigris.subversion.svnserve</string> <key>UserName</key> <string>Dave</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/opt/subversion/bin/svnserve</string> <string>--inetd</string> <string>--root=/Users/Shared/SVNrep</string> </array> <key>ServiceDescription</key> <string>Subversion Standalone Server</string> <key>Sockets</key> <dict> <key>Listeners</key> <array> <dict> <key>SockFamily</key> <string>IPv4</string> <key>SockServiceName</key> <string>svn</string> <key>SockType</key> <string>stream</string> </dict> <dict> <key>SockFamily</key> <string>IPv6</string> <key>SockServiceName</key> <string>svn</string> <key>SockType</key> <string>stream</string> </dict> </array> </dict> <key>inetdCompatibility</key> <dict> <key>Wait</key> <false/> </dict> </dict> </plist> If anyone here could provide any suggestions as to how to get this to work, I'd really appreciate it.

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KVM + Cloudmin + IpTables

- by Alex

I have a KVM virtualization on a machine. I use Ubuntu Server + Cloudmin (in order to manage virtual machine instances). On a host system I have four network interfaces: ebadmin@saturn:/var/log$ ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:d2:ec:16:38 inet addr:192.168.0.253 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1278:d2ff:feec:1638/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:589337 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:334357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:753652448 (753.6 MB) TX bytes:43385198 (43.3 MB) br1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6e:a4:06:39:26:60 inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ca4:6ff:fe39:2660/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:16995 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13309 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2059264 (2.0 MB) TX bytes:1763980 (1.7 MB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 10:78:d2:ec:16:38 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:610558 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:332382 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:769477564 (769.4 MB) TX bytes:44360402 (44.3 MB) Interrupt:20 Memory:fe400000-fe420000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:239632 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:239632 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:50738052 (50.7 MB) TX bytes:50738052 (50.7 MB) tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6e:a4:06:39:26:60 inet6 addr: fe80::6ca4:6ff:fe39:2660/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:17821 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13703 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:2370468 (2.3 MB) TX bytes:1782356 (1.7 MB) br0 is connected to a real network, br1 is used to create a private network shared between guest systems. Now I need to configure iptables for network access. First of all I allow ssh sessions on port 8022 on the host system, then I allow all connections in state RELATED, ESTABLISHED. This is working ok. I install another system as guest, it's IP address is 192.168.10.2, and now I have two problems: I want to allow the access from this host to the outside world, cannot accomplish this. I can ssh from the host. I want to be able to ssh to the guest from the outside world using 8023 port. Cannot accomplish this. Full iptables configuration is following: ebadmin@saturn:/var/log$ sudo iptables --list [sudo] password for ebadmin: Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:8022 ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED LOG all -- anywhere anywhere LOG level warning Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination LOG all -- anywhere anywhere LOG level warning Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination LOG all -- anywhere anywhere LOG level warning ebadmin@saturn:/var/log$ sudo iptables -t nat --list Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination DNAT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp spt:8023 to:192.168.10.2:22 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination The worst of all is that I don't know how to interpret iptables logs. I don't see the final decision of the firewall. Need help urgently.

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openvpn not creating internal route for client

- by user42055

I have two openvpn clients and a server using shared keys. I have internal routes specified in the ccd directory for both clients, but when they connect, the server only creates the internal route for one of them, despite the logs saying it's creating both. Both clients and the server use the "--script-security 2" command-line option. Can anyone think of why it would do this ? My ccd files are: client1: iroute 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 client2: iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 My log file shows the following (cropped): May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: 118.208.58.60:48730 [client1] Peer Connection Initiated with 118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 OPTIONS IMPORT: reading client specific options from: ccd/client1 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.150.10 -> client1/118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: primary virtual IP for client1/118.208.58.60:48730: 192.168.150.10 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: internal route 192.168.0.0/24 -> client1/118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:22:59 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.0.0/24 -> client1/118.208.58.60:48730 May 3 17:23:01 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST' May 3 17:23:01 kino openvpn[2416]: client1/118.208.58.60:48730 SENT CONTROL [client1]: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 192.168.150.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 192.168.150.10 192.168.150.9' (status=1) May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: 124.148.1.90:59277 [client2] Peer Connection Initiated with 124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 OPTIONS IMPORT: reading client specific options from: ccd/client2 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: Learn: 192.168.150.14 -> client2/124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: primary virtual IP for client2/124.148.1.90:59277: 192.168.150.14 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: internal route 10.0.1.0/24 -> client2/124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:36 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 MULTI: Learn: 10.0.1.0/24 -> client2/124.148.1.90:59277 May 3 17:21:39 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST' May 3 17:21:39 kino openvpn[2416]: client2/124.148.1.90:59277 SENT CONTROL [client2]: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 192.168.150.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 192.168.150.14 192.168.150.13' (status=1) And after both clients have connected, the routing table looks like this: 192.168.150.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 203.209.167.192 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.150.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.0.0 192.168.150.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo 0.0.0.0 203.209.167.193 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 As you can see, it's created the route to 192.168.0.0/24 (client1) but not to 10.0.1.0/24 (client2), even though the log says it's been created. Any suggestions why ?

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Why are my httpd mpm_prefork processes being reaped so quickly?

- by Dan Pritts

We've got a system running RHEL6, x64. We are using a local installation of apache 2.2.22 from source. we serve primarily: mod_perl applications (with a local installation of perl 5.16.0) tomcat applications proxied with mod_jk Here is some context; the main question is below. All of this talks to an Oracle backend. We are having issues with Oracle becoming unresponsive. We think this is because we're hitting the maximum process limit in oracle. We've upped the process limit, but now we are hitting memory pressure on the oracle server. We have tons of oracle sessions sitting idle. I can trace a bunch of them back to the httpd processes. We have mod_perl's Apache::DBI start up a new connection to the database with each httpd child that's spawned. We are concerned that these are not always getting closed out properly when the httpd's exit...and the httpd's are exiting very frequently. I know that it would be good to modify the mod_perl applications to use some better form of db connection pooling; we plan to pursue that but would like to solve our immediate problem sooner. So here's the main question. We are using the prefork MPM. The apache child processes are lasting at most a few minutes. Log analysis shows that each one is serving fewer than 50 clients before exiting; the last request each child serves is OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0 on some sort of internal connection; I'm under the impression that this is a "ping" from the master process. I've adjusted the MPM config as follows. I didn't want to raise MinSpareServers too high, because, after all, i'm trying to minimize the number of sessions to oracle. MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 30 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 10000 Right now we're serving 250-300 requests per minute. We've got 21 httpd's running, the eldest (other than the master, owned by root) being 3 minutes old. This rate of reaping of the apache children really seems excessive. What could be causing it? Apache was built with: $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/apache --with-ssl=/usr/lib --enable-expires --enable-ext-filter --enable-info --enable-mime-magic --enable-rewrite --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-ssl --enable-usertrack --enable-proxy --enable-headers --enable-log-forensic Apache config info: % /opt/apache/bin/httpd -V Server version: Apache/2.2.22 (Unix) Server built: Jul 23 2012 22:30:13 Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:30 Server loaded: APR 1.4.5, APR-Util 1.4.1 Compiled using: APR 1.4.5, APR-Util 1.4.1 Architecture: 64-bit Server MPM: Prefork threaded: no forked: yes (variable process count) Server compiled with.... -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork" -D APR_HAS_SENDFILE -D APR_HAS_MMAP -D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled) -D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE -D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE -D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT -D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD -D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS -D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128 -D HTTPD_ROOT="/opt/apache" -D SUEXEC_BIN="/opt/apache/bin/suexec" -D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid" -D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status" -D DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="logs/accept.lock" -D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log" -D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types" -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf" modules are compiled into apache rather than shared libs: % /opt/apache/bin/httpd -l Compiled in modules: core.c mod_authn_file.c mod_authn_default.c mod_authz_host.c mod_authz_groupfile.c mod_authz_user.c mod_authz_default.c mod_auth_basic.c mod_ext_filter.c mod_include.c mod_filter.c mod_log_config.c mod_log_forensic.c mod_env.c mod_mime_magic.c mod_expires.c mod_headers.c mod_usertrack.c mod_setenvif.c mod_version.c mod_proxy.c mod_proxy_connect.c mod_proxy_ftp.c mod_proxy_http.c mod_proxy_scgi.c mod_proxy_ajp.c mod_proxy_balancer.c mod_ssl.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_mime.c mod_status.c mod_autoindex.c mod_asis.c mod_info.c mod_cgi.c mod_negotiation.c mod_dir.c mod_actions.c mod_speling.c mod_userdir.c mod_alias.c mod_rewrite.c mod_so.c One final note - the red hat httpd, apr, and perl packages are all installed, but ldd shows that none of those libraries are linked with the running httpd.

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hostapd running on Ubuntu Server 13.04 only allows single station to connect when using wpa

- by user450688

Problem Only a single station can connect to hostapd at a time. Any single station can connect (W8, OSX, iOS, Nexus) but when two or more hosts are connected at the same time the first client loses its connectivity. However there are no connectivity issues when WPA is not used. Setup Linux (Ubuntu server 13.04) wireless router (with separate networks for wired WAN, wired LAN, and Wireless LAN. iptables-save output: *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -o p4p1 -j MASQUERADE -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.1.0/24 -o p4p1 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [13:916] :INPUT ACCEPT [9:708] :FORWARD ACCEPT [4:208] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [9:3492] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [13:3700] COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [9:3492] -A INPUT -i p4p1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i p4p1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i wlan0 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i p4p1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i lo -j ACCEPT COMMIT /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf #Wireless Interface interface=wlan0 driver=nl80211 ssid=<removed> hw_mode=g channel=6 max_num_sta=15 auth_algs=3 ieee80211n=1 wmm_enabled=1 wme_enabled=1 #Configure Hardware Capabilities of Interface ht_capab=[HT40+][SMPS-STATIC][GF][SHORT-GI-20][SHORT-GI-40][RX-STBC12] #Accept all MAC address macaddr_acl=0 #Shared Key Authentication wpa=1 wpa_passphrase=<removed> wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=CCMP rsn_pairwise=CCMP ###IPad Connectivevity Repair ieee8021x=0 eap_server=0 Wireless Card #lshw output product: RT2790 Wireless 802.11n 1T/2R PCIe vendor: Ralink corp. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: mon.wlan0 version: 00 serial: <removed> width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list logical wireless ethernet physical configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rt2800pci driverversion=3.8.0-25-generic firmware=0.34 ip=10.0.1.254 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn #iw list output Band 1: Capabilities: 0x272 HT20/HT40 Static SM Power Save RX Greenfield RX HT20 SGI RX HT40 SGI RX STBC 2-streams Max AMSDU length: 3839 bytes No DSSS/CCK HT40 Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003) Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 2 usec (0x04) HT RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15, 32 TX unequal modulation not supported HT TX Max spatial streams: 1 HT TX MCS rate indexes supported may differ Frequencies: * 2412 MHz [1] (27.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz [2] (27.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz [3] (27.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz [4] (27.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz [5] (27.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz [6] (27.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz [7] (27.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz [8] (27.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz [9] (27.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz [10] (27.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz [11] (27.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz [12] (disabled) * 2472 MHz [13] (disabled) * 2484 MHz [14] (disabled) Bitrates (non-HT): * 1.0 Mbps * 2.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 5.5 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 11.0 Mbps (short preamble supported) * 6.0 Mbps * 9.0 Mbps * 12.0 Mbps * 18.0 Mbps * 24.0 Mbps * 36.0 Mbps * 48.0 Mbps * 54.0 Mbps max # scan SSIDs: 4 max scan IEs length: 2257 bytes Coverage class: 0 (up to 0m) Supported Ciphers: * WEP40 (00-0f-ac:1) * WEP104 (00-0f-ac:5) * TKIP (00-0f-ac:2) * CCMP (00-0f-ac:4) Available Antennas: TX 0 RX 0 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * AP * AP/VLAN * WDS * monitor * mesh point software interface modes (can always be added): * AP/VLAN * monitor valid interface combinations: * #{ AP } <= 8, total <= 8, #channels <= 1 Supported commands: * new_interface * set_interface * new_key * new_beacon * new_station * new_mpath * set_mesh_params * set_bss * authenticate * associate * deauthenticate * disassociate * join_ibss * join_mesh * set_tx_bitrate_mask * set_tx_bitrate_mask * action * frame_wait_cancel * set_wiphy_netns * set_channel * set_wds_peer * Unknown command (84) * Unknown command (87) * Unknown command (85) * Unknown command (89) * Unknown command (92) * testmode * connect * disconnect Supported TX frame types: * IBSS: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * managed: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * AP: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * AP/VLAN: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * mesh point: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * P2P-client: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * P2P-GO: 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 * Unknown mode (10): 0x00 0x10 0x20 0x30 0x40 0x50 0x60 0x70 0x80 0x90 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 0xe0 0xf0 Supported RX frame types: * IBSS: 0x40 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * managed: 0x40 0xd0 * AP: 0x00 0x20 0x40 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * AP/VLAN: 0x00 0x20 0x40 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * mesh point: 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * P2P-client: 0x40 0xd0 * P2P-GO: 0x00 0x20 0x40 0xa0 0xb0 0xc0 0xd0 * Unknown mode (10): 0x40 0xd0 Device supports RSN-IBSS. HT Capability overrides: * MCS: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff * maximum A-MSDU length * supported channel width * short GI for 40 MHz * max A-MPDU length exponent * min MPDU start spacing Device supports TX status socket option. Device supports HT-IBSS.

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Exchange Mail Flow

- by Tuck918

Hello. I have a question. We have one Exchange 2003 server and two Exchange 2007 servers. Most all of our mailboxes are on 2007 but we do still have one shared mailbox, unity mailbox and a journling mailbox on 2003. Public Folders have been set to replicate to 2007. I have set up a send connector on 2007 with a cost of 1. Receive connectors have Anonymous Users checked on 2007. On 2003 there are two connectors: the Internet Email connector and the connector that connects 2003 to 2007. We have a SPAM filtering device that email goes through before it is handed off to Exchange. The SPAM filtering device is set to send email to one of our Exchange 2007 servers. Here is my question/problem: Even though the SPAM filtering device is set to forward email to Exchange 2007, somehow all of our email is still going through the Exchange 2003 server before it finally hits the users mailboxes on the Exchange 2007 server. How can I change it so that all email goes directly to Exchange 2007 and never routes through Excahnge 2003 both ways, inbound and outbound? Would also like to add: In the EMC under Org- Hub- Send Connector there are two connectors. One is the "Internet Connector" from the 2003 box and the other is the new one I created. THe address space on the 2003 one is set to a cost of 2, no smart hosts and the 2003 box is listed as the Source Server. THe other Send Connector has an address space of 1, no smart host and has the 2 excahnge 2007 servers listed as the source servers. In EMC under Server- Hub- my two exchange 2007 servers are listed. Each one has 2 receive connectors. Both Recieve Connectors are setup the same way. THe Default Receive Connector has Anonymous Users checked. The other Recieve Connector is labled "Client" and I am not sure what it does or why its there. Anonymous Users are not checked. No smart hosts configured on 2003. Additional details Currently we have 3 excahnge servers. One exchange 2003 server and two excahnge 2007 servers. THe exchange 2003 server is the acting "bridgehead" serverand all email is routing through this server, inbound and outbound. We are wanting to decommission this server and use our two exchange 2007 servers as our mailbox servers. All of of user mailboxes are already on one of the exchange 2007 boxes and we want to put whats left on the exchange 2003 box on our other excahnge 2007 box. Both excahnge 2007 servers are currently CAS, HT and MB servers. We have a SPAM filtering device that sits between our excahnge servers and the firewall and have it configured to send messages to one of the excahgne 2007 servers but when we look at the message headers we can see that messgaes are still being routed to the excahnge 2003 box. We want to bypass the exchange 2003 in the routing process as it is dying and is starting to have major issues so everytime it goes down our email is down. Is there possible some sort of AD routing link/site link stuff going on?

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Setting up VPN client: L2TP with IPsec

- by zachar

I've got to connect to vpn server. It works on Windows, but in Ubuntu 10.04 not. Number of options is confusing for me. There is the input that I have: IP Address of VPN Pre-shared key to authenticate Information that MS-CHAPv2 is used Login and Password to VPN I was trying to achive that with network manager and with L2TP IPsec VPN Manager 1.0.9 but at failed. There is some logged information from L2TP IPsec VPN Manager 1.0.9: Nov 09 15:21:46.854 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Nov 09 15:21:48.088 Stopping xl2tpd: xl2tpd. Nov 09 15:21:48.132 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.23/K2.6.32-49-generic... Nov 09 15:21:48.308 ipsec__plutorun: Starting Pluto subsystem... Nov 09 15:21:48.318 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 09 15:21:48.338 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "my_vpn_name" Nov 09 15:21:48.348 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying new style NAT-T Nov 09 15:21:48.348 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: ESPINUDP(1) setup failed for new style NAT-T family IPv4 (errno=19) Nov 09 15:21:48.349 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying old style NAT-T Nov 09 15:21:48.994 104 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] Nov 09 15:21:48.994 106 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 003 "my_vpn_name" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed Nov 09 15:21:48.994 108 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 Nov 09 15:21:48.994 004 "my_vpn_name" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=oakley_3des_cbc_192 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} Nov 09 15:21:48.995 117 "my_vpn_name" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate Nov 09 15:21:48.995 004 "my_vpn_name" #2: STATE_QUICK_I2: sent QI2, IPsec SA established transport mode {ESP=>0x0c96795d <0x483e1a42 xfrm=AES_128-HMAC_SHA1 NATOA=none NATD=none DPD=none} Nov 09 15:21:49.996 [ERROR 210] Failed to open l2tp control file 'c my_vpn_name' and from syslog: Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Opening client connection Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec setup stop Nov 9 15:21:46 o99 ipsec_setup: Stopping Openswan IPsec... Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.245171] NET: Unregistered protocol family 15 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: ...Openswan IPsec stopped Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec setup stop finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd stop Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd stop finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Opening client connection Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Closing client connection Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec setup start Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.312483] NET: Registered protocol family 15 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: Starting Openswan IPsec U2.6.23/K2.6.32-49-generic... Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: Using NETKEY(XFRM) stack Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.410774] Initializing XFRM netlink socket Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.413601] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.427311] padlock: VIA PadLock Hash Engine not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 kernel: [ 4350.441533] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected. Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec_setup: ...Openswan IPsec started Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec setup start finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd start Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 pluto: adjusting ipsec.d to /etc/ipsec.d Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command invoke-rc.d xl2tpd start finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 002 added connection description "my_vpn_name" Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec auto --ready Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying new style NAT-T Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: ESPINUDP(1) setup failed for new style NAT-T family IPv4 (errno=19) Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 ipsec__plutorun: 003 NAT-Traversal: Trying old style NAT-T Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec auto --ready finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Executing command ipsec auto --up my_vpn_name Nov 9 15:21:48 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Command ipsec auto --up my_vpn_name finished with exit code 0 Nov 9 15:21:49 o99 L2tpIPsecVpnControlDaemon: Closing client connection Can anyone tell me something more about that? Where is the mistake?

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Server Cabinet/Room Cooling

- by user37226

Hello all. I currently have two desktops and three servers in my office sitting on the floor (I know this is bad). With that many servers the ambient temperature in the room goes up quickly. I am located in Dallas, TX so during the winter, if the heat is kept low, it is not a problem, but during the summer it easily jumps the room +10 degrees. I have decided and found a free 42U server cabinet that a hosting company was throwing away to house all of these systems in. One server is in a rack mount case while the other four servers are housed in mid-tower cases. I have purchased shelves for each computer and plan to lay the towers side ways on these shelves (as replacing the cases costs a heck of a lot of money). I like the idea of housing all of these systems in the cabinet because it will save a lot of room and clean up all of the cabling currently laying all over the office floor. When putting this setup together over the next couple of weeks, I want to address issues with dust and cooling. The server cabinet has a fan on top, front plexiglass door and a rear metal door with vent wholes on the bottom. First the cooling issues. I know I am going to want to have cool air enter the bottom of the cabinet and exit the top. I do not want the room heating up though as this will make my work area hot and then make the servers warmer as the air eventually reenters the cabinet. I had an idea to fix this problem, but am unsure if it will work. I was thinking of taking flexible piping and adapting it to the back fans of the computer having the other end of the pipe at the top close to the cabinet's top mounted fan. I was then thinking of creating a duct around the top fan into the attic. Now I am very concerned that the attic will cause issues with this type of setup because during July/August time frame, the attic is easily 120 degrees F. I could also use the flexible pipe to take it to an attic exhaust vent if it would be better to vent it into the 100 degree air outside (at least there may be wind. The other option would be to buy a small portable air conditioner. This may be a possibility, but do I want to spend the extra money on power? I bet this increases the noise. Plus they are around $250 on Amazon. What would you all recommend? Depending on the solution I end up running with above, I would also like to limit the dust that gets into the cabinet. If I were to cut a whole and mount a second cabinet fan on the bottom of the rear door, could I possibly mount a standard home air filter on the other side of that whole? Thanks in advance for your recommendations. I look forward to reading your interesting ideas.

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Server Cabinet/Room Cooling

- by user37226

Hello all. I currently have two desktops and three servers in my office sitting on the floor (I know this is bad). With that many servers the ambient temperature in the room goes up quickly. I am located in Dallas, TX so during the winter, if the heat is kept low, it is not a problem, but during the summer it easily jumps the room +10 degrees. I have decided and found a free 42U server cabinet that a hosting company was throwing away to house all of these systems in. One server is in a rack mount case while the other four servers are housed in mid-tower cases. I have purchased shelves for each computer and plan to lay the towers side ways on these shelves (as replacing the cases costs a heck of a lot of money). I like the idea of housing all of these systems in the cabinet because it will save a lot of room and clean up all of the cabling currently laying all over the office floor. When putting this setup together over the next couple of weeks, I want to address issues with dust and cooling. The server cabinet has a fan on top, front plexiglass door and a rear metal door with vent wholes on the bottom. First the cooling issues. I know I am going to want to have cool air enter the bottom of the cabinet and exit the top. I do not want the room heating up though as this will make my work area hot and then make the servers warmer as the air eventually reenters the cabinet. I had an idea to fix this problem, but am unsure if it will work. I was thinking of taking flexible piping and adapting it to the back fans of the computer having the other end of the pipe at the top close to the cabinet's top mounted fan. I was then thinking of creating a duct around the top fan into the attic. Now I am very concerned that the attic will cause issues with this type of setup because during July/August time frame, the attic is easily 120 degrees F. I could also use the flexible pipe to take it to an attic exhaust vent if it would be better to vent it into the 100 degree air outside (at least there may be wind. The other option would be to buy a small portable air conditioner. This may be a possibility, but do I want to spend the extra money on power? I bet this increases the noise. Plus they are around $250 on Amazon. What would you all recommend? Depending on the solution I end up running with above, I would also like to limit the dust that gets into the cabinet. If I were to cut a whole and mount a second cabinet fan on the bottom of the rear door, could I possibly mount a standard home air filter on the other side of that whole? Thanks in advance for your recommendations. I look forward to reading your interesting ideas.

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How Hacker Can Access VPS CentOS 6 content?

- by user2118559

Just want to understand. Please, correct mistakes and write advices Hacker can access to VPS: 1. Through (using) console terminal, for example, using PuTTY. To access, hacker need to know port number, username and password. Port number hacker can know scanning open ports and try to login. The only way to login as I understand need to know username and password. To block (make more difficult) port scanning, need to use iptables configure /etc/sysconfig/iptables. I followed this https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-setup-a-basic-ip-tables-configuration-on-centos-6 tutorial and got *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [87:4524] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [77:4713] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [77:4713] COMMIT *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2358:200388] :INPUT ACCEPT [2358:200388] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [2638:477779] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2638:477779] COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [1:40] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [339:56132] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG -j DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Regarding ports that need to be opened. If does not use ssl, then seems must leave open port 80 for website. Then for ssh (default 22) and for ftp (default 21). And set ip address, from which can connect. So if hacker uses other ip address, he can not access even knowing username and password? Regarding emails not sure. If I send email, using Gmail (Send mail as: (Use Gmail to send from your other email addresses)), then port 25 not necessary. For incoming emails at dynadot.com I use Email Forwarding. Does it mean that emails “does not arrive to VPS” (before arriving to VPS, emails are forwarded, for example to Gmail)? If emails does not arrive to VPS, then seems port 110 also not necessary. If use only ssl, must open port 443 and close port 80. Do not understand regarding port 3306 In PuTTY with /bin/netstat -lnp see Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 992/mysqld As understand it is for mysql. But does not remember that I have opened such port (may be when installed mysql, the port is opened automatically?). Mysql is installed on the same server, where all other content. Need to understand regarding port 3306 2. Also hacker may be able access console terminal through VPS hosting provider Control Panel (serial console emergency access). As understand only using console terminal (PuTTY, etc.) can make “global” changes (changes that can not modify with ftp). 3. Hacker can access to my VPS exploiting some hole in my php code and uploading, for example, Trojan. Unfortunately, faced situation that VPS was hacked. As understand it was because I used ZPanel. On VPS ( \etc\zpanel\panel\bin) ) found one php file, that was identified as Trojan by some virus scanners (at virustotal.com). Experimented with the file on local computer (wamp). And appears that hacker can see all content of VPS, rename, delete, upload etc. From my opinion, if in PuTTY use command like chattr +i /etc/php.ini then hacker could not be able to modify php.ini. Is there any other way to get into VPS?

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nginx server over https using up all available file handles (upd: infinite loop?)

- by mmr

Hi all, So I have an nginx server that's working over https with Sinatra. When I try to download a jnlp file in a configuration that works fine over Mongrel and http (no s), the nginx server fails to serve the file with a 504 error. Subsequent checking of the logs states that this error is due to overflowing the available number of file handles, ie, "24: too many open files". Running sudo lsof -p <nginx worker pid> gets me a huge list of files, all looking like: nginx 1771 nobody 11u IPv4 10867997 0t0 TCP localhost:44704->localhost:https (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 12u IPv4 10868113 0t0 TCP localhost:https->localhost:44704 (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 13u IPv4 10868114 0t0 TCP localhost:44705->localhost:https (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 14u IPv4 10868191 0t0 TCP localhost:https->localhost:44705 (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 15u IPv4 10868192 0t0 TCP localhost:44706->localhost:https (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 16u IPv4 10868255 0t0 TCP localhost:https->localhost:44706 (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 17u IPv4 10868256 0t0 TCP localhost:44707->localhost:https (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 18u IPv4 10868330 0t0 TCP localhost:https->localhost:44707 (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 19u IPv4 10868331 0t0 TCP localhost:44708->localhost:https (ESTABLISHED) nginx 1771 nobody 20u IPv4 10868434 0t0 TCP localhost:https->localhost:44708 (ESTABLISHED) Increasing the number of files that can be opened is no help, because then nginx just blows right past that limit. And no wonder, it looks like it's in some kind of loop to pull all available files. Any idea what's going on, and how to fix it? EDIT: nginx 0.7.63, ubuntu linux, sinatra 1.0 EDIT 2: Here's the offending code. It's sinatra serving jnlp, which I finally figured out: get '/uploader' do #read in the launch.jnlp file theJNLP = "" File.open("/launch.jnlp", "r+") do |file| while theTemp = file.gets theJNLP = theJNLP + theTemp end end content_type :jnlp theJNLP end If I serve this with Sinatra via Mongrel and http, everything works fine. If I serve this with Sinatra and nginx via https, I get the above error. All other parts of the website appear to be equivalent. EDIT: I have since upgraded to passenger 2.2.14, ruby 1.9.1, nginx 0.8.40, openssl 1.0.0a, and no change. EDIT: The culprit appears to be infinite redirects due to using SSL. I don't know how to fix this, other than hosting the jnlp file in the root directory of the server (which I'd rather not do, since it limits me to one jnlp-based app at a time). The relevant lines from nginx.conf: # HTTPS server # server { listen 443; server_name MyServer.org root /My/Root/Dir; passenger_enabled on; expires 1d; proxy_set_header X-FORWARDED_PROTO https; proxy_set_header X_FORWARDED_PROTO https;#the almighty google is not clear on which to use location /upload { proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:443; } } The funny thing about this is, first, I was putting the jnlp into a directory called 'uploader', not 'upload', but that still appeared to trigger the problem, since that proxy_pass directive appeared in the logs. Second, again, moving the jnlp into root avoided the problem, because there wasn't any of this proxying due to ssl. So, how can I avoid the infinite proxy_pass loop in nginx?

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Wordpress Permissions OS X & MAMP

- by Matt2020

I have installed several local versions of Wordpress for development purposes. After the install I can create posts, pages and edit admin options. However as soon as try to upload images which would be saved in wp_content/uploads I get an error: Upload Error: Unable to create directory ...../blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/05. Is its parent directory writable by the server? Looks like MAMP server runs as user _www The blog directory is owned by User1 and the group User1 _www is not in the User1 group, should it be? I do not want to chmod 777 or 765 on the directories just to get it going. Googled up a couple of references: http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissions in "Permission Scheme for WordPress" All files should be owned by your user (ftp) account on your web server, and should be writable by that account. On shared hosts, files should never be owned by the webserver process itself (sometimes this is www, or apache, or nobody user). Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress (which may be different than the server account). For example, you may have a user account that lets you FTP files back and forth to your server, but your server itself may run using a separate user, in a separate usergroup, such as dhapache or nobody. If WordPress is running as the FTP account, that account needs to have write access, i.e., be the owner of the files, or belong to a group that has write access. In the latter case, that would mean permissions are set more permissively than default (for example, 775 rather than 755 for folders, and 664 instead of 644). User and group are User1 (which is admin). Running "ps aux | grep httpd" is running as _www So I think this means Wordpress is running as user _www. So the advice seems contradictory: "files should never be owned by the webserver process" i.e. _www but then later it says "Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress" So isn't this _www again? Another search found this url http://dancingengineer.com/computing/2009/07/how-to-install-wordpress-on-mac-os-x-leopard States Which says: My preferred way to do this is to change the group of the wordpress directory and its contents to _www and give write permissions to the group. Keep the owner as your "username". $ cd /Users/"username"/Sites $ sudo chown -R username:_www wordpress_directory $ sudo chmod -R g+w wordpress_directory However, when I tried this, it did not work for automatic upgrades to newer versions of WordPress although it worked for automatically updating the .htaccess file for pretty permalinks. It is not entirely clear to me what should be done. This last suggestion seems to be saying change the group from User1 to _www and give the group write access, but Wordpress upgrades won't work. Is this the right solution? I would have thought there would be a clear way to set this up on OS X 10.6? Be great if there was a plugin that could run a script for each of the main OS's that Wordpress runs on.

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Thoughts on home NAS server

- by user826955

I currently have a NAS with a 2x2TB HDD 1x16GB SSD layout on a mini-itx atom board. The NAS is in a Lian Li PC-Q07 case. On this system I was running freebsd 8 with a gmirror raid 1 setup, which was enough for my needs. So far I was using the NAS for: Fileserver with AFP protocol (only mac clients used) SVN server hosting all my source trees of my projects JIRA (performance was okay-ish) Timemachine backup for the macs The power consumption was about 38W, although I did not put HDDs asleep when unused (I think this is not possible in a raid setup). I liked the NAS because: the performance was good through gigabit LAN (enough for my needs) power consumption was good its a pretty small case and fits in one of my cupboards I disliked the NAS a bit because: it was a bit noisy, the Q07 case vibrated a good amount because of the HDDs. I switched the NAS off every evening I do not have a real backup of the data on the NAS, only the internal raid 1 as safety. I really dont want to loose my source trees under no circumstances, so I would really be sleeping better if I knew I had regular backups somewhere. Recently, the board seemed to have died, I can't boot anymore. Thus, I was thinking about a redesign of my NAS (I still have to find out what parts are broken, I probably need to replace the mainboard and SSD. HDDs seem to be okay). First of all, I was wondering what other users have as backup for their NAS? Are you actually using a second NAS, and regularly copying over the data to have it safe? Or is there any better solution to this? I was thinking about getting a cheap NAS like the synology DS112j with only one disk, and use rsync or something similar to regularly copy data over to the second NAS (wake the second NAS upon start, shut it down after copy). Although this approach seems somewhat weird, It would have the benefit (?) that I could use a single disk instead of raid in the main NAS, and put the disk asleep when idle, and have the NAS running 24/7 with low energy consumption (I found no way to do this with a gmirror setup). Is there any recommended backup solution for a small NAS? Then I was thinking about a different raid setup. Since I have to buy a new mainboard as well as SSD, I might as well switch over to a i3 board with more ram, and also switch to ZFS. I am not familar with ZFS, I've never used it, but I read and hear much about it. Would it be viable to set up a ZFS storage with only 2 disks? Can I easily extend this storage with more disks, once I choose to add some? I could maybe get a new case like the Fractal Design Array R2 which has more 3,5" slots. I could as well get another 2 disks, but I would prefer sticking with the existing 2 for enegery/heat/noise reasons. Should I go for a ZFS storage or stick to my gmirror setup? I would also like to keep freebsd as operating system, and also I dont need any web gui or something (that is, I dont need/want to use FreeNAS or Openfiler etc). Does anyone maybe have a sample setup in use so I can compare energy consumption/noise/software setup? Any guidance towards the NAS of my dreams (silent, low energy, safe w/ backups) much appreciated.

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