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• How do I create a Status Icon / System Tray Icon with custom text and transparent background using P

  - by Raugturi

  Here is the code that I have so far to define the icon: icon_bg = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file('gmail.png') w, h = icon_bg.get_width(), icon_bg.get_height() cmap = gtk.gdk.Colormap(gtk.gdk.visual_get_system(), False) drawable = gtk.gdk.Pixmap(None, w, h, 24) drawable.set_colormap = cmap gc = drawable.new_gc() drawable.draw_pixbuf(gc, icon_bg, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) drawn_icon = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, w, h) drawn_icon.get_from_drawable(drawable, cmap, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) icon = gtk.status_icon_new_from_pixbuf(drawn_icon) This works to get the png into the icon, but falls short in two areas. First, transparency is not working. If I use a 22x22 png with transparent background and the image centered, I end up with sections of other active icons showing up inside of mine, like this: http://i237.photobucket.com/albums/ff311/Raugturi/22x22_image_with_transparency.png The icon it choose to steal from is somewhat random. Sometimes it's part of the dropbox icon, others the NetworkManager Applet. If I instead use this code: icon_bg = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file('gmail.png') w, h = icon_bg.get_width(), icon_bg.get_height() cmap = gtk.gdk.Colormap(gtk.gdk.visual_get_system(), False) drawable = gtk.gdk.Pixmap(None, w, h, 24) drawable.set_colormap = cmap gc = drawable.new_gc() drawable.draw_pixbuf(gc, icon_bg, 0, 0, 0, 0, w, h) drawn_icon = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB, False, 8, 22, 22) drawn_icon.get_from_drawable(drawable, cmap, 0, 0, 3, 6, w, h) icon = gtk.status_icon_new_from_pixbuf(drawn_icon) And an image that is only 16x11 with the transparent edges removed, what I end up with is this: Same URL but file is 16x11_image_positioned_in_middle.png So how do I end up with a transparent block like the 1st one that doesn't pull in stuff from other icons? As for the second problem, I need the ability to write on the image before converting it to the icon. I tried using draw_glyphs and it told me I should be using Pango layout/context instead. Unfortunately all the Pango tutorials I could find deal with actual windows, not the status icon. Is there a good tutorial out there for Pango that would apply to this issue (and also maybe have at least some explanation of how to tell it what font to use as all of them that I found seem to lack this and it won't write anything without it). Note: Sorry for the lack of actual images and only one working link, apparently this is a spam prevention feature due to my lack of reputation.

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• Emptying the datastore in GAE

  - by colwilson

  I know what you're thinking, 'O not that again!', but here we are since Google have not yet provided a simpler method. I have been using a queue based solution which worked fine: import datetime from models import * DELETABLE_MODELS = [Alpha, Beta, AlphaBeta] def initiate_purge(): for e in config.DELETABLE_MODELS: deferred.defer(delete_entities, e, 'purging', _queue = 'purging') class NotEmptyException(Exception): pass def delete_entities(e, queue): try: q = e.all(keys_only=True) db.delete(q.fetch(200)) ct = q.count(1) if ct > 0: raise NotEmptyException('there are still entities to be deleted') else: logging.info('processing %s completed' % queue) except Exception, err: deferred.defer(delete_entities, e, then, queue, _queue = queue) logging.info('processing %s deferred: %s' % (queue, err)) All this does is queue a request to delete some data (once for each class) and then if the queued process either fails or knows there is still some stuff to delete, it re-queues itself. This beats the heck out of hitting the refresh on a browser for 10 minutes. However, I'm having trouble deleting AlphaBeta entities, there are always a few left at the end. I think because it contains Reference Properties: class AlphaBeta(db.Model): alpha = db.ReferenceProperty(Alpha, required=True, collection_name='betas') beta = db.ReferenceProperty(Beta, required=True, collection_name='alphas') I have tried deleting the indexes relating to these entity types, but that did not make any difference. Any advice would be appreciated please.

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• Converting to a column oriented array in Java

  - by halfwarp

  Although I have Java in the title, this could be for any OO language. I'd like to know a few new ideas to improve the performance of something I'm trying to do. I have a method that is constantly receiving an Object[] array. I need to split the Objects in this array through multiple arrays (List or something), so that I have an independent list for each column of all arrays the method receives. Example: List<List<Object>> column-oriented = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Object>>(); public void newObject(Object[] obj) { for(int i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) { column-oriented.get(i).add(obj[i]); } } Note: For simplicity I've omitted the initialization of objects and stuff. The code I've shown above is slow of course. I've already tried a few other things, but would like to hear some new ideas. How would you do this knowing it's very performance sensitive?

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• pure/const functions in C++

  - by Albert

  Hi, I'm thinking of using pure/const functions more heavily in my C++ code. (pure/const attribute in GCC) However, I am curious how strict I should be about it and what could possibly break. The most obvious case are debug outputs (in whatever form, could be on cout, in some file or in some custom debug class). I probably will have a lot of functions, which don't have any side effects despite this sort of debug output. No matter if the debug output is made or not, this will absolutely have no effect on the rest of my application. Or another case I'm thinking of is the use of my own SmartPointer class. In debug mode, my SmartPointer class has some global register where it does some extra checks. If I use such an object in a pure/const function, it does have some slight side effects (in the sense that some memory probably will be different) which should not have any real side effects though (in the sense that the behaviour is in any way different). Similar also for mutexes and other stuff. I can think of many complex cases where it has some side effects (in the sense of that some memory will be different, maybe even some threads are created, some filesystem manipulation is made, etc) but has no computational difference (all those side effects could very well be left out and I would even prefer that). How does it work out in practice? If I mark such functions as pure/const, could it break anything (considering that the code is all correct)?

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• Scala newbie vproducer/consumer attempt running out of memory

  - by Nick

  I am trying to create a producer/consumer type Scala app. The LoopControl just sends a message to the MessageReceiver continually. The MessageReceiver then delegates work to the MessageCreatorActor (whose work is to check a map for an object, and if not found create one and start it up). Each MessageActor created by this MessageCreatorActor is associated with an Id. Eventually this is where I want to do business logic. But I run out of memory after 15 minutes. Its finding the cached actors,but quickly runs out of memory. Any help is appreciated. Or any one has any good code on producers consumers doing real stuff (not just adding numbers), please post. import scala.actors.Actor import java.util.HashMap import scala.actors.Actor._ case object LoopControl case object MessageReceiver case object MessageActor case object MessageActorCreator class MessageReceiver(msg: String) extends Actor { var messageActorMap = new HashMap[String, MessageActor] val messageCreatorActor = new MessageActorCreator(null, null) def act() { messageCreatorActor.start loop { react { case MessageActor(messageId) => if (msg.length() > 0) { var messageActor = messageActorMap.get(messageId); if(messageActor == null) { messageCreatorActor ! MessageActorCreator(messageId, messageActorMap) }else { messageActor ! MessageActor } } } } } } case class MessageActorCreator(msg:String, messageActorMap: HashMap[String, MessageActor]) extends Actor { def act() { loop { react { case MessageActorCreator(messageId, messageActorMap) => if(messageId != null ) { var messageActor = new MessageActor(messageId); messageActorMap.put(messageId, messageActor) println(messageActorMap) messageActor.start messageActor ! MessageActor } } } } } class LoopControl(messageReceiver:MessageReceiver) extends Actor { var count : Int = 0; def act() { while (true) { messageReceiver ! MessageActor ("00-122-0X95-FEC0" + count) //Thread.sleep(100) count = count +1; if(count > 5) { count = 0; } } } } case class MessageActor(msg: String) extends Actor { def act() { loop { react { case MessageActor => println() println("MessageActor: Got something-> " + msg) } } } } object messages extends Application { val messageReceiver = new MessageReceiver("bootstrap") val loopControl = new LoopControl(messageReceiver) messageReceiver.start loopControl.start }

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• how does one _model_ data from relational databases in clojure ?

  - by sandeep

  I have asked this question on twitter as well the #clojure IRC channel, yet got no responses. There have been several articles about Clojure-for-Ruby-programmers, Clojure-for-lisp-programmers.. but what is the missing part is Clojure for ActiveRecord programmers . There have been articles about interacting with MongoDB, Redis, etc. - but these are key value stores at the end of the day. However, coming from a Rails background, we are used to thinking about databases in terms of inheritance - has_many, polymorphic, belongs_to, etc. The few articles about Clojure/Compojure + MySQL (ffclassic) - delve right into sql. Of course, it might be that an ORM induces impedence mismatch, but the fact remains that after thinking like ActiveRecord, it is very difficult to think any other way. I believe that relational DBs, lend themselves very well to the object-oriented paradigm because of them being , essentially, Sets. Stuff like activerecord is very well suited for modelling this data. For e.g. a blog - simply put class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :comments end class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :post end How does one model this in Clojure - which is so strictly anti-OO ? Perhaps the question would have been better if it referred to all functional programming languages, but I am more interested from a Clojure standpoint (and Clojure examples)

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• Maven POM: how to insist property is not overridden

  - by Joe Thomas

  I have a parent POM that uses a gmaven script to do some stuff: <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.gmaven</groupId> <artifactId>gmaven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> <configuration combine.children="override"> <providerSelection>2.0</providerSelection> <scriptPath>${basedir}/build/groovy</scriptPath> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>groovy-properties-script</id> <phase>validate</phase> <goals> <goal>execute</goal> </goals> <configuration> <source>computeProperties.groovy</source> </configuration> </execution> <!-- ... --> All of the children are supposed to run this script as well, but they try to resolve the scriptpath based on their OWN basedir. Usually this is exactly what you want with properties, but here it doesn't work, and I can't figure out any way around it.

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• If a nonblocking recv with MSG_PEEK succeeds, will a subsequent recv without MSG_PEEK also succeed?

  - by Michael Wolf

  Here's a simplified version of some code I'm working on: void stuff(int fd) { int ret1, ret2; char buffer[32]; ret1 = recv(fd, buffer, 32, MSG_PEEK | MSG_DONTWAIT); /* Error handling -- and EAGAIN handling -- would go here. Bail if necessary. Otherwise, keep going. */ /* Can this call to recv fail, setting errno to EAGAIN? */ ret2 = recv(fd, buffer, ret1, 0); } If we assume that the first call to recv succeeds, returning a value between 1 and 32, is it safe to assume that the second call will also succeed? Can ret2 ever be less than ret1? In which cases? (For clarity's sake, assume that there are no other error conditions during the second call to recv: that no signal is delivered, that it won't set ENOMEM, etc. Also assume that no other threads will look at fd. I'm on Linux, but MSG_DONTWAIT is, I believe, the only Linux-specific thing here. Assume that the right fnctl was set previously on other platforms.)

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• Is there a way to increase the efficiency of shared_ptr by storing the reference count inside the co

  - by BillyONeal

  Hello everyone :) This is becoming a common pattern in my code, for when I need to manage an object that needs to be noncopyable because either A. it is "heavy" or B. it is an operating system resource, such as a critical section: class Resource; class Implementation : public boost::noncopyable { friend class Resource; HANDLE someData; Implementation(HANDLE input) : someData(input) {}; void SomeMethodThatActsOnHandle() { //Do stuff }; public: ~Implementation() { FreeHandle(someData) }; }; class Resource { boost::shared_ptr<Implementation> impl; public: Resource(int argA) explicit { HANDLE handle = SomeLegacyCApiThatMakesSomething(argA); if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) throw SomeTypeOfException(); impl.reset(new Implementation(handle)); }; void SomeMethodThatActsOnTheResource() { impl->SomeMethodThatActsOnTheHandle(); }; }; This way, shared_ptr takes care of the reference counting headaches, allowing Resource to be copyable, even though the underlying handle should only be closed once all references to it are destroyed. However, it seems like we could save the overhead of allocating shared_ptr's reference counts and such separately if we could move that data inside Implementation somehow, like boost's intrusive containers do. If this is making the premature optimization hackles nag some people, I actually agree that I don't need this for my current project. But I'm curious if it is possible.

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• Getting started with open source

  - by lola

  Hi all, I'm an undergraduate who has decided that he wants to join the open source community and contribute. However, I have come to think that, once you have chosen an open source project, a lot of time is spent in learning the nitty gritties of that project in addition to stuff like subversion,etc which a typical undergraduate isn't exposed to. So, you have to stick with that project for a long time, say a year or two, before moving on to other projects. In this case, choosing the right(for you) initial project is very important since if you choose one,and say, the development in your field of interest(in that project) is a low priority and not exciting enough, you'll lose interest and stop contributing to open source all together. So what I wanted to know was, since there are thousands of open source projects, is all this being documented somewhere with tags,etc so that a beginner can choose his projects. The GSoc 2010 ideas list is a great starting point, but it only covers a handful. Hence, I thought why not ask this at stackoverflow: if you have any pointers as to where to start, when choosing a FOSS project or any other tips related to starting with FOSS. P.S. I'm interested in projects involving mobile ad hoc networks(those using TinyOS, preferably), so pointers related to these will be great. I'm looking through Freifunk and OLPC as of now, needed more ideas.

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• Is there any benefit to my rather quirky character sizing convention?

  - by Paul Alan Taylor

  I love things that are a power of 2. I celebrated my 32nd birthday knowing it was the last time in 32 years I'd be able to claim that my age was a power of 2. I'm obsessed. It's like being some Z-list Batman villain, except without the colourful adventures and a face full of batarangs. I ensure that all my enum values are powers of 2, if only for future bitwise operations, and I'm reasonably assured that there is some purpose (even if latent) for doing it. Where I'm less sure, is in how I define the lengths of database fields. Again, I can't help it. Everything ends up being a power of 2. CREATE TABLE Person ( PersonID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY ,Firstname varchar(64) ,Surname varchar(128) ) Can any SQL super-boffins who know about the internals of how stuff is stored and retrieved tell me whether there is any benefit to my inexplicable obsession? Is it more efficient to size character fields this way? Can anyone pop in with an "actually, what you're doing works because ....."? I suspect I'm just getting crazier in my older age, but it'd be nice to know that there is some method to my madness.

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• rails not recognizing project

  - by tipu

  I can create a new project using rails and I can use stuff like rails migration ... and i (correctly) get a error because the sqlite gem is missing. but when i try using rails migration ... with a project i checked out from github, it doesn't recognize that it is a rails project i get: Usage: rails new APP_PATH [options] Options: -d, [--database=DATABASE] # Preconfigure for selected database (options: mysql/oracle/postgresql/sqlite3/frontbase/ibm_db) # Default: sqlite3 -O, [--skip-active-record] # Skip Active Record files [--dev] # Setup the application with Gemfile pointing to your Rails checkout -J, [--skip-prototype] # Skip Prototype files -T, [--skip-test-unit] # Skip Test::Unit files -G, [--skip-git] # Skip Git ignores and keeps -b, [--builder=BUILDER] # Path to an application builder (can be a filesystem path or URL) [--edge] # Setup the application with Gemfile pointing to Rails repository -m, [--template=TEMPLATE] # Path to an application template (can be a filesystem path or URL) -r, [--ruby=PATH] # Path to the Ruby binary of your choice # Default: /usr/bin/ruby1.8 [--skip-gemfile] # Don't create a Gemfile and it goes on. any ideas? edit: it's probably an important detail that earlier my rails wasn't working at all. i had to cp /usr/bin/ruby to /usr/bin/local/ruby

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• Refactoring or Rewriting Monolithic PHP Spaghetti Codebase

  - by nategood

  I've inherited a really poorly designed PHP spaghetti code project. It's been gaining a good bit of traffic recently and is starting to have performance issues on top of the poor monolithic code base. Its maxing out performance on a chunky 16GB dedicated machine when it really shouldn't be. I'm planning on doing some performance tweaks right off the bat to help the performance issue, but this still won't really help the horrible code base. The team is small but expecting to grow very soon. I've read Joel's article on the troubles of doing a complete rewrite and see the concerns. But how bad does the code base have to be before you consider a rewrite? There is PHP handling logic interjected into what one would usually consider a "view". Even worse, in some places SQL statements are in these same files! The only real separation of presentation and logic are a few PHP scripts that serve as function libraries. These scripts do most of the ORM stuff... if you can even call it that. Trying to slowly refractor this seems like a nightmare. Open to your thoughts and opinions... however not interested in hearing, "Run away, Run away!".

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• How do I display java.lang.* object allocations in Eclipse profiler?

  - by Martin Wickman

  I am profiling an application using the Eclipse profiler. I am particularly interested in number of allocated object instances of classes from java.lang (for instance java.lang.String or java.util.HashMap). I also want to know stuff like number of calls to String.equals() etc. I use the "Object Allocations" tab and I shows all classes in my application and a count. It also shows all int[], byte[], long[] etc, but there is no mention of any standard java classes. For instance, this silly code: public static void main(String[] args) { Object obj[] = new Object[1000]; for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { obj[i] = new StringBuffer("foo" + i); } System.out.println (obj[30]); } Shows up in the Object Allocations tab as 7 byte[]s, 4 char[]s and 2 int[]s. It doesn't matter if I use 1000 or 1 iterations. It seems the profiler simply ignores everything that is in any of the java.* packages. The same applies to Execution Statistics as well. Any idea how to display instances of java.* in the Eclipse Profiler?

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• Windows Services in Win7?

  - by Brandi

  I am trying to make a service that spawns a desktop application, and then watches to make sure it restarts again if it is closed. . I would like it to basically spawn the process and then forget about it, allowing to act like a normal interactive application. (Apparently this is much easier to do in XP and before, but I need this for XP, Vista, and 7) My problem now is that either it shows up invisible if I use process.start() with desktop interactive checked, and if I directly spawn a form it asks "Do you REALLY want to do this?!" and then the whole screen goes blank EXCEPT for my program. I just want this to be an inoffensive background app. I have the app working well, I just need to figure out how to spawn it from a service without all the trouble. I am finding all of this stuff that says "Don't make services that have UI", but first off this was a requirement that was given to me. (Boss does not want it to be a scheduled task) Also, I noticed that the Task scheduler is itself a service, and it does not have any problem spawning user interactive applications. Why can't I do that too? What am I doing wrong?

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• Weird output of Throwable getMessage()

  - by Ravi Gupta

  Hi I have below pseudo code with throws an exception like this throw new MyException("Bad thing happened","com.stuff.errorCode"); where MyException extends Exception class. So the problem is when I try to get the message from MyException class by calling myEx.getMessage() it returns ???en_US.Bad thing happened??? instead of my original message i.e. Bad thing happened I have checked that MyException class doesn't overrides Throwable class's getMessage() behavior. Below is the how the call passes from MyException.getMessage() to Throwable.getMessage() public MyException(String msg, String sErrorCode){ super(msg); this.sErrorCode = sErrorCode; this.iSeverity = 0; } which then calls public Exception(String message) { super(message); } and finally public Throwable(String message) { fillInStackTrace(); detailMessage = message; } when I do a getMessage on myexception it calls Throwable's getMessage as below public String getMessage() { return detailMessage; } So ideally it should return the original message as I set when throwing the exception. What's the ???en_US thing ?

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• Ruby On Rails with HTML5 offline apps - Firefox does not cache the application.manifest but Safari does

  - by hoitomt

  I'm working off of this Railscast tutorial: episode 247 I’m up to this point in the tutorial: added the rack-offline gem, added the application.manifest route, and added a reference to the manifest in the html tag. Right before it starts talking about problems with caching. Safari works as intended – When the server is running the page is served. From the server logs I can see that Safari is making a single request to the server every time for the items page. When I turn off the server the page displays as well, even after shutting down the browser and restarting. It appears to be pulling from the application.manifest (cache manifest). Firefox does not work as intended – When accessing the page for the first time, Firefox lets me know that the web page wants to store something locally, I allow. After clicking on allow, Firefox makes 5 requests to the server for the page (from the server log). The hash is different in every request. Is it is possible that the changing hash is triggering Firefox to keep trying to get the new manifest until it reaches some maximum (5 attempts)? Then, after the server is stopped, Firefox will not show the page at all. It looks like it isn’t caching the application.manifest. Firefox also gives you a way to see what sites are storing stuff locally by going to Tools/Options/Advanced/Network (Firefox/Preferences/Advanced/Network on Apple). I see localhost there but the size is 0 bytes. So for some reason, Firefox is not downloading my application.manifest along with the files

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• Rails Model inheritance in forms

  - by Tiago

  I'm doing a reporting system for my app. I created a model ReportKind for example, but as I can report a lot of stuff, I wanted to make different groups of report kinds. Since they share a lot of behavior, I'm trying to use inheritance. So I have the main model: model ReportKind << ActiveRecord::Base end and created for example: model UserReportKind << ReportKind end In my table report_kinds I've the type column, and until here its all working. My problem is in the forms/controllers. When I do a ReportKind.new, my form is build with the '*report_kind*' prefix. If a get a UserReportKind, even through a ReportKind.find, the form will build the 'user_report_kind' prefix. This mess everything in the controllers, since sometimes I'll have params[:report_kind], sometimes params[:user_report_kind], and so on for every other inheritance I made. Is there anyway to force it to aways use the 'report_kind' prefix? Also I had to force the attribute 'type' in the controller, because it didn't get the value direct from the form, is there a pretty way to do this? Routing was another problem, since it was trying to build routes based in the inherited models names. I overcome that by adding the other models in routes pointing to the same controller.

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• C++ & proper TDD

  - by Kotti

  Hi! I recently tried developing a small-sized project in C# and during the whole project our team used the Test-Driven-Development (TDD) technique (xunit, moq). I really think this was awesome, because (when paired with C#) this approach allowed to relax when coding, relax when projecting and relax when refactoring. I suspect that all this TDD-stuff actually simplifies the coding process and, well, it allowed (eventually, for me) to get the same result with fewer brain cells working. Right after that I tried using TDD paired with C++ (I used Google Test and Google Mock libraries), and, I don't know why but I actually think that TDD here was a step back in terms of rapid application development. I had some moments when I had to spend huge amounts of time thinking of my tests, building proper mocks, rebuilding them and swearing at my monitor. And, well, I obviously can't ask something like "what I did wrong?" or "what was wrong in my approach?", because I don't know what to describe. But if there are any people who are used to TDD in C++ (and, probably C#) too, could you please advise me how to do this properly. Framework recommendations, architecture approaches, plain coding advices - if you are experienced in TDD & C++, please respond.

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• "variable tracking" is eating my compile time!

  - by wowus

  I have an auto-generated file which looks something like this... static void do_SomeFunc1(void* parameter) { // Do stuff. } // Continues on for another 4000 functions... void dispatch(int id, void* parameter) { switch(id) { case ::SomeClass1::id: return do_SomeFunc1(parameter); case ::SomeClass2::id: return do_SomeFunc2(parameter); // This continues for the next 4000 cases... } } When I build it like this, the build time is enormous. If I inline all the functions automagically into their respective cases using my script, the build time is cut in half. GCC 4.5.0 says ~50% of the build time is being taken up by "variable tracking" when I use -ftime-report. What does this mean and how can I speed compilation while still maintaining the superior cache locality of pulling out the functions from the switch? EDIT: Interestingly enough, the build time has exploded only on debug builds, as per the following profiling information of the whole project (which isn't just the file in question, but still a good metric; the file in question takes the most time to build): Debug: 8 minutes 50 seconds Release: 4 minutes, 25 seconds

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• Practice of checking 'trueness' or 'equality' in conditional statements - does it really make sense?

  - by Senthil

  I remember many years back, when I was in school, one of my computer science teachers taught us that it was better to check for 'trueness' or 'equality' of a condition and not the negative stuff like 'inequality'. Let me elaborate - If a piece of conditional code can be written by checking whether an expression is true or false, we should check the 'trueness'. Example: Finding out whether a number is odd - it can be done in two ways: if ( num % 2 != 0 ) { // Number is odd } or if ( num % 2 == 1 ) { // Number is odd } When I was beginning to code, I knew that num % 2 == 0 implies the number is even, so I just put a ! there to check if it is odd. But he was like 'Don't check NOT conditions. Have the practice of checking the 'trueness' or 'equality' of conditions whenever possible.' And he recommended that I use the second piece of code. I am not for or against either but I just wanted to know - what difference does it make? Please don't reply 'Technically the output will be the same' - we ALL know that. Is it a general programming practice or is it his own programming practice that he is preaching to others?

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• How to refresh/redraw the screen (not the program window)

  - by mohrphium

  I'm having a bit of a hard time figuring out, how to remove a drawn ellipse after it has been drawn somewhere else. I need a circle to follow my mouse all the time and this is all the program should do. I get the mousepositions and draw my circle but how can I remove the last one? #include <Windows.h> #include <iostream> void drawRect(int a1, int a2){ HDC screenDC = ::GetDC(0); //Draw circle at mouse position ::Ellipse(screenDC, a1, a2+5, a1+9, a2+14); ::ReleaseDC(0, screenDC); //::InvalidateRect(0, NULL, TRUE); //<- I tried that but then everything flickers //Also, the refresh rate is not fast enough... still some circles left } int main(void) { int a1; int a2; bool exit=false; while (exit!=true) { POINT cursorPos; GetCursorPos(&cursorPos); float x = 0; x = cursorPos.x; float y = 0; y = cursorPos.y; a1=(int)cursorPos.x; a2=(int)cursorPos.y; drawRect(a1, a2); } } I am working with graphics and all that stuff for the first time. Im kinda stuck here... once again. Thanks.

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• How safe and reliable are C++ String Literals?

  - by DoctorT

  So, I'm wanting to get a better grasp on how string literals in C++ work. I'm mostly concerned with situations where you're assigning the address of a string literal to a pointer, and passing it around. For example: char* advice = "Don't stick your hands in the toaster."; Now lets say I just pass this string around by copying pointers for the duration of the program. Sure, it's probably not a good idea, but I'm curious what would actually be going on behind the scenes. For another example, let's say we make a function that returns a string literal: char* foo() { // function does does stuff return "Yikes!"; // somebody's feeble attempt at an error message } Now lets say this function is called very often, and the string literal is only used about half the time it's called: // situation #1: it's just randomly called without heed to the return value foo(); // situation #2: the returned string is kept and used for who knows how long char* retVal = foo(); In the first situation, what's actually happening? Is the string just created but not used, and never deallocated? In the second situation, is the string going to be maintained as long as the user finds need for it? What happens when it isn't needed anymore... will that memory be freed up then (assuming nothing points to that space anymore)? Don't get me wrong, I'm not planning on using string literals like this. I'm planning on using a container to keep my strings in check (probably std::string). I'm mostly just wanting to know if these situations could cause problems either for memory management or corrupted data.

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• C# / IronPython Interop with shared C# Class Library

  - by Adam Haile

  I'm trying to use IronPython as an intermediary between a C# GUI and some C# libraries, so that it can be scripted post compile time. I have a Class library DLL that is used by both the GUI and the python and is something along the lines of this: namespace MyLib { public class MyClass { public string Name { get; set; } public MyClass(string name) { this.Name = name; } } } The IronPython code is as follows: import clr clr.AddReferenceToFile(r"MyLib.dll") from MyLib import MyClass ReturnObject = MyClass("Test") Then, in C# I would call it as follows: ScriptEngine engine = Python.CreateEngine(); ScriptScope scope = null; scope = engine.CreateScope(); ScriptSource source = engine.CreateScriptSourceFromFile("Script.py"); source.Execute(scope); MyClass mc = scope.GetVariable<MyClass>("ReturnObject ") When I call this last bit of code, source.Execute(scope) runs returns successfully, but when I try the GetVariable call, it throw the following exception Microsoft.Scripting.ArgumentTypeException: expected MyClass , got MyClass So, you can see that the class names are exactly the same, but for some reason it thinks they are different. The DLL is in a different directory than the .py file (I just didn't bother to write out all the path setup stuff), could it be that there is an issue with the interpreter for IronPython seeing these objects as difference because it's somehow seeing them as being in a different context or scope?

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• NES Programming - Nametables?

  - by Jeffrey Kern

  Hello everyone, I'm wondering about how the NES displays its graphical muscle. I've researched stuff online and read through it, but I'm wondering about one last thing: Nametables. Basically, from what I've read, each 8x8 block in a NES nametable points to a location in the pattern table, which holds graphic memory. In addition, the nametable also has an attribute table which sets a certain color palette for each 16x16 block. They're linked up together like this: (assuming 16 8x8 blocks) Nametable, with A B C D = pointers to sprite data: ABBB CDCC DDDD DDDD Attribute table, with 1 2 3 = pointers to color palette data, with < referencing value to the left, ^ above, and ' to the left and above: 1<2< ^'^' 3<3< ^'^' So, in the example above, the blocks would be colored as so 1A 1B 2B 2B 1C 1D 2C 2C 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D Now, if I have this on a fixed screen - it works great! Because the NES resolution is 256x240 pixels. Now, how do these tables get adjusted for scrolling? Because Nametable 0 can scroll into Nametable 1, and if you keep scrolling Nametable 0 will wrap around again. That I get. But what I don't get is how to scroll the attribute table wraps around as well. From what I've read online, the 16x16 blocks it assigns attributes for will cause color distortions on the edge tiles of the screen (as seen when you scroll left to right and vice-versa in SMB3). The concern I have is that I understand how to scroll the nametables, but how do you scroll the attribute table? For intsance, if I have a green block on the left side of the screen, moving the screen to right should in theory cause the tiles to the right to be green as well until they move more into frame, to which they'll revert to their normal colors.

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