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  • Numpy array, how to select indices satisfying multiple conditions?

    - by Bob
    Suppose I have a numpy array x = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5], y = ['f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r']. I want to select the elements in y corresponding to elements in x that are greater than 1 and less than 5. I tried x = array([5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5]) y = array(['f','o','o','b','a','r']) output = y[x > 1 & x < 5] # desired output is ['o','o','b','a'] but this doesn't work. How would I do this?

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  • Diminishing programmer wants to get back to programming

    - by Marcus TV
    I last programmed actively in 2002. It is almost 8 years now. I learned C and then moved to Visual Basic for our thesis project in the university. I would like to ask suggestions on what programming language should I learn and put to profitability use in areas such as desktop applications, web development, and database applications.

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  • How to convert list into a string?

    - by PARIJAT
    I have extracted some data from the file and want to write it in the file 2 but the program says 'sequence item 1: expected string, list found', I want to know how I can convert buffer[] i.e. string into sequence, so that it could be saved in file 2. file = open('/ddfs/user/data/k/ktrip_01/hmm.txt','r') file2 = open('/ddfs/user/data/k/ktrip_01/hmm_write.txt','w') buffer = [] rec = file.readlines() for line in rec : field = line.split() print '>',field[0] term = field[0] buffer.append(term) print field[1], field[2], field[6], field[12] term1 = field [1] buffer.append(term1) term2 = field[2] buffer.append[term2] term3 = field[6] buffer.append[term3] term4 = field[12] buffer.append[term4] file2.write(buffer) file.close() file2.close()

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  • How to disable translations during unit tests in django?

    - by Denilson Sá
    I'm using Django Internationalization tools to translate some strings from my application. The code looks like this: from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ def my_view(request): output = _("Welcome to my site.") return HttpResponse(output) Then, I'm writing unit tests using the Django test client. These tests make a request to the view and compare the returned contents. How can I disable the translations while running the unit tests? I'm aiming to do this: class FoobarTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): # Do something here to disable the string translation. But what? # I've already tried this, but it didn't work: django.utils.translation.deactivate_all() def testFoobar(self): c = Client() response = c.get("/foobar") # I want to compare to the original string without translations. self.assertEquals(response.content.strip(), "Welcome to my site.")

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  • Mean of Sampleset and powered Sampleset

    - by Milla Well
    I am working on an ICA implementation wich is based on the assumption, that all source signals are independent. So I checked on the basic concepts of Dependence vs. Correlation and tried to show this example on sample data from numpy import * from numpy.random import * k = 1000 s = 10000 mn = 0 mnPow = 0 for i in arange(1,k): a = randn(s) a = a-mean(a) mn = mn + mean(a) mnPow = mnPow + mean(a**3) print "Mean X: ", mn/k print "Mean X^3: ", mnPow/k But I couldn't produce the last step of this example E(X^3) = 0: >> Mean X: -1.11174580826e-18 >> Mean X^3: -0.00125229267144 First value I would consider to be zero, but second value is too large, isn't it? Since I subtract the mean of a, I expected the mean of a^3 to be zero as well. Does the problem lie in the random number generator, the precision of the numerical values in my misunderstanding of the concepts of mean and expected value?

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  • Image upload and Manipulation in Django

    - by Saransh Mohapatra
    I am trying upload images and than create an thumbnail of it and than store both in S3. After the file has been uploaded i am first uploading it to S3 and than trying to create thumbnail but it doesn't work as than PIL is not able to recognise the image. And secondly if I create the thumbnail first than while uploading original image I get EOF. I think Django allows just once for the uploaded files to be used only once....Please kindly tell me a way to do so....Thanks in advance

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  • Get local network interface addresses using only proc?

    - by Matt Joiner
    How can I obtain the (IPv4) addresses for all network interfaces using only proc? After some extensive investigation I've discovered the following: ifconfig makes use of SIOCGIFADDR, which requires open sockets and advance knowledge of all the interface names. It also isn't documented in any manual pages on Linux. proc contains /proc/net/dev, but this is a list of interface statistics. proc contains /proc/net/if_inet6, which is exactly what I need but for IPv6. Generally interfaces are easy to find in proc, but actual addresses are very rarely used except where explicitly part of some connection. There's a system call called getifaddrs, which is very much a "magical" function you'd expect to see in Windows. It's also implemented on BSD. However it's not very text-oriented, which makes it difficult to use from non-C languages.

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  • Threaded Django task doesn't automatically handle transactions or db connections?

    - by Gabriel Hurley
    I've got Django set up to run some recurring tasks in their own threads, and I noticed that they were always leaving behind unfinished database connection processes (pgsql "Idle In Transaction"). I looked through the Postgres logs and found that the transactions weren't being completed (no ROLLBACK). I tried using the various transaction decorators on my functions, no luck. I switched to manual transaction management and did the rollback manually, that worked, but still left the processes as "Idle". So then I called connection.close(), and all is well. But I'm left wondering, why doesn't Django's typical transaction and connection management work for these threaded tasks that are being spawned from the main Django thread?

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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  • How do I use a string as a keyword argument?

    - by Issac Kelly
    Specifically, I'm trying to use a string to arbitrairly filter the ORM. I've tried exec and eval solutions, but I'm running into walls. The code below doesn't work, but it's the best way I know how to explain where I'm trying to go from gblocks.models import Image f = 'image__endswith="jpg"' # Would be scripted in another area, but passed as text <user input> d = Image.objects.filter(f) #for the non-django pythonistas: d = Image.objects.filter(image__endswith="jpg") # would be the non-dynamic equivalent.

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  • Suggestions for a django db structure

    - by rh0dium
    Hi Say I have the unknown number of questions. For example: Is the sky blue [y/n] What date were your born on [date] What is pi [3.14] What is a large integ [100] Now each of these questions poses a different but very type specific answer (boolean, date, float, int). Natively django can happily deal with these in a model. class SkyModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("Is the sky blue") answer = models.BooleanField(default=False) class BirthModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("What date were your born on") answer = models.DateTimeField(default=today) class PiModel(models.Model) question = models.CharField("What is pi") answer = models.FloatField() But this has the obvious problem in that each question has a specific model - so if we need to add a question later I have to change the database. Yuck. So now I want to get fancy - How do a set up a model where by the answer type conversion happens automagically? ANSWER_TYPES = ( ('boolean', 'boolean'), ('date', 'date'), ('float', 'float'), ('int', 'int'), ('char', 'char'), ) class Questions(models.model): question = models.CharField(() answer = models.CharField() answer_type = models.CharField(choices = ANSWER_TYPES) default = models.CharField() So in theory this would do the following: When I build up my views I look at the type of answer and ensure that I only put in that value. But when I want to pull that answer back out it will return the data in the format specified by the answer_type. Example 3.14 comes back out as a float not as a str. How can I perform this sort of automagic transformation? Or can someone suggest a better way to do this? Thanks much!!

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  • defining information out of class

    - by calccrypto
    is there a way to define a value within a class in the __init__ part, send it to some variable outside of the class without calling another function within the class? like class c: def __init__(self, a): self.a = a b = 4 # do something like this so that outside of class c, # b is set to 4 automatically when i use class c def function(self): ... # whatever. this doesnt matter i have multiple classes that have different values for b. i could just make a list that tells the computer to change b, but i would rather set b within each class

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  • Alternative pygame resources

    - by Devo
    Hi, I have been trying to access the pygame website for a few weeks now, and I can't get to it. I doubt it's down, so I have to conclude that it's blocked because I am in China. I have no idea why. Anyways, I want the pygame documentation, but all the download links I fond lead back to pygame.org (which I does not even begin loading, it's such a politically subversive website you know!). Can anyone tell me where I can get documentation and other pygame resources without going through pygame.org? I would really appreciate it, thanks. PS I am on windows XP, if it matters.

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • What is the difference between .get() and .fetch(1)

    - by AutomatedTester
    I have written an app and part of it is uses a URL parser to get certain data in a ReST type manner. So if you put /foo/bar as the path it will find all the bar items and if you put /foo it will return all items below foo So my app has a query like data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).get() Which works brilliantly. Now I want to send this to the UI using templates {% for datum in data %} <div class="content"> <h2>{{ datum.title }}</h2> {{ datum.content }} </div> {% endfor %} When I do this I get data is not iterable error. So I updated the Django to {% for datum in data.all %} which now appears to pull more data than I was giving it somehow. It shows all data in the datastore which is not ideal. So I removed the .all from the Django and changed the datastore query to data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).fetch(1) which now works as I intended. In the documentation it says The db.get() function fetches an entity from the datastore for a Key (or list of Keys). So my question is why can I iterate over a query when it returns with fetch() but can't with get(). Where has my understanding gone wrong?

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  • Custom Django tag & jQuery

    - by pocoa
    I'm new to Django. Today I created some Django custom tags which is not that hard. But now I wonder what is the best way to include some jQuery or some Javascript code packed into my custom tag definition. What is the regular way to include a custom library into my code? For example: {% faceboxify item %} So assume that it'll create a specific HTML output for Facebox plugin. I just want to learn some elegant way to import this plugin into my code. I want the above definition to be enough for all functionality. Is there any way to do it? I couldn't find any example. Maybe I'm missing something.. Thank you.

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  • More than one profile in Django?

    - by JPC
    Is it possible to use Django's user authentication features with more than one profile? Currently I have a settings.py file that has this in it: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'auth.UserProfileA' and a models.py file that has this in it: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfileA(models.Model): company = models.CharField(max_length=30) user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) that way, if a user logs in, I can easily get the profile because the User has a get_profile() method. However, I would like to add UserProfileB. From looking around a bit, it seems that the starting point is to create a superclass to use as the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and have both UserProfileA and UserProfileB inherit from that superclass. The problem is, I don't think the get_profile() method returns the correct profile. It would return an instance of the superclass. I come from a java background (polymorphism) so I'm not sure exactly what I should be doing. Thanks!

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  • How to extend the Turbogears 2.1 login functionality

    - by Marc
    I'm using Turbogears 2.1 and repoze.who/what and am having trouble figuring out how to extend the basic authentication functionality. I am essentially attempting to require users to activate their account via an emailed link before they can login. If they try to login without activating their account, I want to display an appropriate error message. The default Turbogears functionality simply displays one message for all errors. I created my own authentication plugin which works fine. It won't allow users to login if they have not activated their account. However, the problem comes when I try to create the form and display custom error messages. How can I go about doing this? Thanks

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  • Parse raw HTTP Headers

    - by Cev
    I have a string of raw HTTP and I would like to represent the fields in an object. Is there any way to parse the individual headers from an HTTP string? 'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n [...]'

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  • Optimization of Function with Dictionary and Zip()

    - by eWizardII
    Hello, I have the following function: def filetxt(): word_freq = {} lvl1 = [] lvl2 = [] total_t = 0 users = 0 text = [] for l in range(0,500): # Open File if os.path.exists("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json") == True: with open("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json", "r") as f: text_f = json.load(f) users = users + 1 for i in range(len(text_f)): text.append(text_f[str(i)]['text']) total_t = total_t + 1 else: pass # Filter occ = 0 import string for i in range(len(text)): s = text[i] # Sample string a = re.findall(r'(RT)',s) b = re.findall(r'(@)',s) occ = len(a) + len(b) + occ s = s.encode('utf-8') out = s.translate(string.maketrans("",""), string.punctuation) # Create Wordlist/Dictionary word_list = text[i].lower().split(None) for word in word_list: word_freq[word] = word_freq.get(word, 0) + 1 keys = word_freq.keys() numbo = range(1,len(keys)+1) WList = ', '.join(keys) NList = str(numbo).strip('[]') WList = WList.split(", ") NList = NList.split(", ") W2N = dict(zip(WList, NList)) for k in range (0,len(word_list)): word_list[k] = W2N[word_list[k]] for i in range (0,len(word_list)-1): lvl1.append(word_list[i]) lvl2.append(word_list[i+1]) I have used the profiler to find that it seems the greatest CPU time is spent on the zip() function and the join and split parts of the code, I'm looking to see if there is any way I have overlooked that I could potentially clean up the code to make it more optimized, since the greatest lag seems to be in how I am working with the dictionaries and the zip() function. Any help would be appreciated thanks!

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