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  • Setting 0/1-to-1 relationship in SQLAlchemy?

    - by Timmy
    is there a proper way of setting up a 0/1-to-1 relationship? i want to be able to check if the related item exists without creating it: if item.relationship is None: item.relationship = item2() but it creates the insert statements on the if statement

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  • Google App Engine: TypeError problem with Models

    - by Rosarch
    I'm running Google App Engine on the dev server. Here is my models file: from google.appengine.ext import db import pickle import re re_dept_code = re.compile(r'[A-Z]{2,}') re_course_number = re.compile(r'[0-9]{4}') class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): sink = db.ReferenceProperty() tails = db.ListProperty() class DependencyArcTail(db.Model): courses = db.ListProperty() It gives this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3192, in _HandleRequest self._Dispatch(dispatcher, self.rfile, outfile, env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 3135, in _Dispatch base_env_dict=env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 516, in Dispatch base_env_dict=base_env_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2394, in Dispatch self._module_dict) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2304, in ExecuteCGI reset_modules = exec_script(handler_path, cgi_path, hook) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 2200, in ExecuteOrImportScript exec module_code in script_module.__dict__ File "main.py", line 19, in <module> from src.Models import Course, findCourse, validateCourse, dictForJSON, clearAndBuildDependencyGraph File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1929, in load_module return self.FindAndLoadModule(submodule, fullname, search_path) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1831, in FindAndLoadModule description) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1279, in Decorate return func(self, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\tools\dev_appserver.py", line 1782, in LoadModuleRestricted description) File "src\Models.py", line 14, in <module> class DependencyArcHead(db.Model): File "src\Models.py", line 17, in DependencyArcHead tails = db.ListProperty() TypeError: __init__() takes at least 2 arguments (1 given) What am I doing wrong?

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  • Differentiate gtk.Entry icons

    - by Ubersoldat
    I'm adding two icons to a gtk.Entry in PyGTK. The icons signals are handled by the following method def entry_icon_event(self, widget, position, event) I'm trying to differentiate between the two of them: <enum GTK_ENTRY_ICON_PRIMARY of type GtkEntryIconPosition> <enum GTK_ENTRY_ICON_SECONDARY of type GtkEntryIconPosition> How can I do this? I've been digging through the documentation of PyGTK but there's no object GtkEntryIconPosition nor any definition for this enums. Thanks

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  • Need to get pixel averages of a vector sitting on a bitmap...

    - by user346511
    I'm currently involved in a hardware project where I am mapping triangular shaped LED to traditional bitmap images. I'd like to overlay a triangle vector onto an image and get the average pixel data within the bounds of that vector. However, I'm unfamiliar with the math needed to calculate this. Does anyone have an algorithm or a link that could send me in the right direction? I'm not even clear what this type of math is called. I've created a basic image of what I'm trying to capture here: http://imgur.com/Isjip.gif

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  • SQLAlchemy sessions - DetachedInstanceError?

    - by benjaminhkaiser
    I have a function that attempts to take a list of usernames, look each one up in a user table, and then add them to a membership table. If even one username is invalid, I want the entire list to be rolled back, including any users that have already been processed. I thought that using sessions was the best way to do this but I'm running into a DetachedInstanceError: DetachedInstanceError: Instance <Organization at 0x7fc35cb5df90> is not bound to a Session; attribute refresh operation cannot proceed Full stack trace is here. The error seems to trigger when I attempt to access the user (model) object that is returned by the query. From my reading I understand that it has something to do with there being multiple sessions, but none of the suggestions I saw on other threads worked for me. Code is below: def add_members_in_bulk(organization_eid, users): """Add users to an organization in bulk - helper function for add_member()""" """Returns "success" on success and id of first failed student on failure""" session = query_session.get_session() session.begin_nested() users = users.split('\n') for u in users: try: user = user_lookup.by_student_id(u) except ObjectNotFoundError: session.rollback() return u if user: membership.add_user_to_organization( user.entity_id, organization_eid, '', [] ) session.flush() session.commit() return 'success' here's the membership.add_user_to_organization: def add_user_to_organization(user_eid, organization_eid, title, tag_ids): """Add a User to an Organization with the given title""" user = user_lookup.by_eid(user_eid) organization = organization_lookup.by_eid(organization_eid) new_membership = OrganizationMembership( organization_eid=organization.entity_id, user_eid=user.entity_id, title=title) new_membership.tags = [get_tag_by_id(tag_id) for tag_id in tag_ids] crud.add(new_membership) and here is the lookup by ID query: def by_student_id(student_id, include_disabled=False): """Get User by RIN""" try: return get_query_set(include_disabled).filter(User.student_id == student_id).one() except NoResultFound: raise ObjectNotFoundError("User with RIN %s does not exist." % student_id)

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  • Elegant Disjunctive Normal Form in Django

    - by Mike
    Let's say I've defined this model: class Identifier(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User) key = models.CharField(max_length=64) value = models.CharField(max_length=255) Each user will have multiple identifiers, each with a key and a value. I am 100% sure I want to keep the design like this, there are external reasons why I'm doing it that I won't go through here, so I'm not interested in changing this. I'd like to develop a function of this sort: def get_users_by_identifiers(**kwargs): # something goes here return users The function will return all users that have one of the key=value pairs specified in **kwargs. Here's an example usage: get_users_by_identifiers(a=1, b=2) This should return all users for whom a=1 or b=2. I've noticed that the way I've set this up, this amounts to a disjunctive normal form...the SQL query would be something like: SELECT DISTINCT(user_id) FROM app_identifier WHERE (key = "a" AND value = "1") OR (key = "b" AND value = "2") ... I feel like there's got to be some elegant way to take the **kwargs input and do a Django filter on it, in just 1-2 lines, to produce this result. I'm new to Django though, so I'm just not sure how to do it. Here's my function now, and I'm completely sure it's not the best way to do it :) def get_users_by_identifiers(**identifiers): users = [] for key, value in identifiers.items(): for identifier in Identifier.objects.filter(key=key, value=value): if not identifier.user in users: users.append(identifier.user) return users Any ideas? :) Thanks!

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  • How to disable translations during unit tests in django?

    - by Denilson Sá
    I'm using Django Internationalization tools to translate some strings from my application. The code looks like this: from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _ def my_view(request): output = _("Welcome to my site.") return HttpResponse(output) Then, I'm writing unit tests using the Django test client. These tests make a request to the view and compare the returned contents. How can I disable the translations while running the unit tests? I'm aiming to do this: class FoobarTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): # Do something here to disable the string translation. But what? # I've already tried this, but it didn't work: django.utils.translation.deactivate_all() def testFoobar(self): c = Client() response = c.get("/foobar") # I want to compare to the original string without translations. self.assertEquals(response.content.strip(), "Welcome to my site.")

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  • django test client trouble

    - by Anton Koval'
    I've got a problem... we're writing project using django, and i'm trying to use django.test.client with nose test-framework for tests. Our code is like this: from simplejson import loads from urlparse import urljoin from django.test.client import Client TEST_URL = "http://smakly.localhost:9090/" def test_register(): cln = Client() ref_data = {"email": "[email protected]", "name": "???????", "website": "http://hot.bear.com", "xhr": "true"} print urljoin(TEST_URL, "/accounts/register/") response = loads(cln.post(urljoin(TEST_URL, "/accounts/register/"), ref_data)) print response["message"] and in nose output I catch: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/eggs/nose-0.11.1-py2.6.egg/nose/case.py", line 183, in runTest self.test(*self.arg) File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/src/smakly.tests/smakly/tests/frontend/test_profile.py", line 25, in test_register response = loads(cln.post(urljoin(TEST_URL, "/accounts/register/"), ref_data)) File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/parts/django/django/test/client.py", line 313, in post response = self.request(**r) File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/parts/django/django/test/client.py", line 225, in request response = self.handler(environ) File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/parts/django/django/test/client.py", line 69, in __call__ response = self.get_response(request) File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/parts/django/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 78, in get_response urlconf = getattr(request, "urlconf", settings.ROOT_URLCONF) File "/home/psih/work/svn/smakly/parts/django/django/utils/functional.py", line 273, in __getattr__ return getattr(self._wrapped, name) AttributeError: 'Settings' object has no attribute 'ROOT_URLCONF' My settings.py file does have this attribute. If I get the data from the server with standard urllib2.urllopen().read() it works in the proper way. Any ideas how I can solve this case?

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  • Any way to add tabbed forms in django administration site ?

    - by tomjerry
    When using Django "out-of-the-box" administration forms, the "change form" pages can be rather long for complex models (with a lot of fields). I would like to use tabs in the "change form", so things can be more readable (group fields by tabs...) Instead of doing it all by myself, by modifiying the 'change_form.html' admin template, I was wondering whether somebody has already done that and would like to share the code, or whether an existing Django-plugin already exist. Thanks in advance for you answer

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  • Where do I put common code for if and elif?

    - by Vishal
    For the example below: if a == 100: # Five lines of code elif a == 200: # Five lines of code Five lines of code is common and repeating how can I avoid it? I know about putting it a function or if a == 100 or a == 200: # Five lines of code if a == 100: # Do something elif a == 200: # Do something Any other cleaner solution?

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  • How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

    - by siebert
    Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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  • how to set Content-Type automatically when i download the data that i uploaded.

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code : import os from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext import db #from login import htmlPrefix,get_current_user class MyModel(db.Model): blob = db.BlobProperty() class BaseRequestHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def render_template(self, filename, template_args=None): if not template_args: template_args = {} path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates', filename) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_args)) class upload(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): self.render_template('index.html',) def post(self): file=self.request.get('file') obj = MyModel() obj.blob = db.Blob(file.encode('utf8')) obj.put() self.response.out.write('upload ok') class download(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): #id=self.request.get('id') o = MyModel.all().get() #self.response.out.write(''.join('%s: %s <br/>' % (a, getattr(o, a)) for a in dir(o))) self.response.out.write(o) application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [ ('/?', upload), ('/download',download), ], debug=True ) def main(): run_wsgi_app(application) if __name__ == "__main__": main() my index.html is : <form action="/" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> and it show : <__main__.MyModel object at 0x02506830> but ,i don't want to see this , i want to download it , how to change my code to run, thanks updated it is ok now : class upload(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): self.render_template('index.html',) def post(self): file=self.request.get('file') obj = MyModel() obj.blob = db.Blob(file) obj.put() self.response.out.write('upload ok') class download(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): #id=self.request.get('id') o = MyModel.all().order('-').get() #self.response.out.write(''.join('%s: %s <br/>' % (a, getattr(o, a)) for a in dir(o))) self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = "image/png" self.response.out.write(o.blob) and new question is : if you upload a 'png' file ,it will show successful , but ,when i upload a rar file ,i will run error , so how to set Content-Type automatically , and what is the Content-Type of the 'rar' file thanks

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  • Which class should store the lookup table?

    - by max
    The world contains agents at different locations, with only a single agent at any location. Each agent knows where he's at, but I also need to quickly check if there's an agent at a given location. Hence, I also maintain a map from locations to agents. I have a problem deciding where this map belongs to: class World, class Agent (as a class attribute) or elsewhere. In the following I put the lookup table, agent_locations, in class World. But now agents have to call world.update_agent_location every time they move. This is very annoying; what if I decide later to track other things about the agents, apart from their locations - would I need to add calls back to the world object all across the Agent code? class World: def __init__(self, n_agents): # ... self.agents = {} self.agent_locations = {} for id in range(n_agents): x, y = self.find_location() agent = Agent(self,x,y) self.agents.append(agent) self.agent_locations[x,y] = agent def update_agent_location(self, agent, x, y): del self.agent_locations[agent.x, agent.y] self.agent_locations[x, y] = agent def update(self): # next step in the simulation for agent in self.agents: agent.update() # next step for this agent # ... class Agent: def __init__(self, world, x, y): self.world = world self.x, self.y = x, y def move(self, x1, y1): self.world.update_agent_location(self, x1, y1) self.x, self.y = x1, y1 def update(): # find a good location that is not occupied and move there for x, y in self.valid_locations(): if not self.location_is_good(x, y): continue if self.world.agent_locations[x, y]: # location occupied continue self.move(x, y) I can instead put agent_locations in class Agent as a class attribute. But that only works when I have a single World object. If I later decide to instantiate multiple World objects, the lookup tables would need to be world-specific. I am sure there's a better solution... EDIT: I added a few lines to the code to show how agent_locations is used. Note that it's only used from inside Agent objects, but I don't know if that would remain the case forever.

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  • Removing the port number from URL

    - by DrewSSP
    I'm new to anything related to servers and am trying to deploy a django application. Today I bought a domain name for the app and am having trouble configuring it so that the base URL does not need the port number at the end of it. I have to type www.trackthecharts.com:8001 to see the website when I only want to use www.trackethecharts.com. I think the problem is somewhere in my nginx, gunicorn or supervisor configuration. gunicorn_config.py command = '/opt/myenv/bin/gunicorn' pythonpath = '/opt/myenv/top-chart-app/' bind = '162.243.76.202:8001' workers = 3 root@django-app:~# nginx config server { server_name 162.243.76.202; access_log off; location /static/ { alias /opt/myenv/static/; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; add_header P3P 'CP="ALL DSP COR PSAa PSDa OUR NOR ONL UNI COM NAV"'; } } supervisor config [program:top_chart_gunicorn] command=/opt/myenv/bin/gunicorn -c /opt/myenv/gunicorn_config.py djangoTopChartApp.wsgi autostart=true autorestart=true stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor_gunicorn.err.log stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor_gunicorn.out.log Thanks for taking a look.

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  • I Made Simple Generator,, Is there any faster way ??

    - by Rami Jarrar
    Hi, i do like this: import time f = open('wl4.txt', 'w') hh = 0 ###################################### for n in range(1,5): for l in range(33,127): if n==1: b = chr(l) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==2: for s0 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==3: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 elif n==4: for s0 in range(33, 127): for s1 in range(33, 127): for s2 in range(33,127): b = chr(l) + chr(s0) + chr(s1) + chr(s2) + '\n' f.write(b) hh += 1 ###################################### print "We Made %d Words." %(hh) ###################################### f.close() So, is there any faster method to make it faster,,

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  • Filtering with joined tables

    - by viraptor
    I'm trying to get some query performance improved, but the generated query does not look the way I expect it to. The results are retrieved using: query = session.query(SomeModel). options(joinedload_all('foo.bar')). options(joinedload_all('foo.baz')). options(joinedload('quux.other')) What I want to do is filter on the table joined via 'first', but this way doesn't work: query = query.filter(FooModel.address == '1.2.3.4') It results in a clause like this attached to the query: WHERE foos.address = '1.2.3.4' Which doesn't do the filtering in a proper way, since the generated joins attach tables foos_1 and foos_2. If I try that query manually but change the filtering clause to: WHERE foos_1.address = '1.2.3.4' AND foos_2.address = '1.2.3.4' It works fine. The question is of course - how can I achieve this with sqlalchemy itself?

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  • Suggestions for a django db structure

    - by rh0dium
    Hi Say I have the unknown number of questions. For example: Is the sky blue [y/n] What date were your born on [date] What is pi [3.14] What is a large integ [100] Now each of these questions poses a different but very type specific answer (boolean, date, float, int). Natively django can happily deal with these in a model. class SkyModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("Is the sky blue") answer = models.BooleanField(default=False) class BirthModel(models.Model): question = models.CharField("What date were your born on") answer = models.DateTimeField(default=today) class PiModel(models.Model) question = models.CharField("What is pi") answer = models.FloatField() But this has the obvious problem in that each question has a specific model - so if we need to add a question later I have to change the database. Yuck. So now I want to get fancy - How do a set up a model where by the answer type conversion happens automagically? ANSWER_TYPES = ( ('boolean', 'boolean'), ('date', 'date'), ('float', 'float'), ('int', 'int'), ('char', 'char'), ) class Questions(models.model): question = models.CharField(() answer = models.CharField() answer_type = models.CharField(choices = ANSWER_TYPES) default = models.CharField() So in theory this would do the following: When I build up my views I look at the type of answer and ensure that I only put in that value. But when I want to pull that answer back out it will return the data in the format specified by the answer_type. Example 3.14 comes back out as a float not as a str. How can I perform this sort of automagic transformation? Or can someone suggest a better way to do this? Thanks much!!

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • Get the path to Django itself

    - by andybak
    I've got some code that runs on every (nearly) every admin request but doesn't have access to the 'request' object. I need to find the path to Django installation. I could do: import django django_path = django.__file__ but that seems rather wasteful in the middle of a request. Does putting the import at the start of the module waste memory? I'm fairly sure I'm missing an obvious trick here.

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  • Divide numpy array

    - by BandGap
    Hi all I have some data represented in a 1300x1341 matrix. I would like to split this matrix in several pieces (e.g. 9) so that I can loop over and process them. The data needs to stay ordered in the sense that x[0,1] stays below (or above if you like) x[0,0] and besides x[1,1]. Just like if you had imaged the data, you could draw 2 vertical and 2 horizontal lines over the image to illustrate the 9 parts. If I use numpys reshape (eg. matrix.reshape(9,260,745) or any other combination of 9,260,745) it doesn't yield the required structure since the above mentioned ordering is lost... Did I misunderstand the reshape method or can it be done this way? What other pythonic/numpy way is there to do this?

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  • supervisord environment variables setting up application

    - by user1434844
    I'm running an application from supervisord and I have to set up an environment for it. There are about 30 environment variables that need to be set. I've tried putting all on one big environment= line and that doesn't seem to work. I've also tried multiple enviroment= lines, and that doesn't seem to work either. I've also tried both with and without ' around the env value. What's the best way to set up my environment such that it remains intact under supervisord control? Should I be calling my actual program (tornado, fwiw) from a shell script with the environment preloaded there? Ideally, I'd like to put all of the enviroment variables into an include file and load them with supervisor, but I'm open to doing it another way.

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  • Capturing stdout from an imported module in wxpython and sending it to a textctrl, without blocking the GUI

    - by splafe
    There are alot of very similar questions to this but I can't find one that applies specifically to what I'm trying to do. I have a simulation (written in SimPy) that I'm writing a GUI for, the main output of the simulation is text - to the console from 'print' statements. Now, I thought the simplest way would be to create a seperate module GUI.py, and import my simulation program into it: import osi_model I want all the print statements to be captured by the GUI and appear inside a Textctrl, which there's countless examples of on here, along these lines: class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): <general frame initialisation stuff..> redir=RedirectText(self.txtCtrl_1) sys.stdout=redir class RedirectText: def __init__(self,aWxTextCtrl): self.out=aWxTextCtrl def write(self,string): self.out.WriteText(string) I am also starting my simulation from a 'Go' button: def go_btn_click(self, event): print 'GO' self.RT = threading.Thread(target=osi_model.RunThis()) self.RT.start() This all works fine, and the output from the simulation module is captured by the TextCtrl, except the GUI locks up and becomes unresponsive - I still need it to be accessible (at the very minimum to have a 'Stop' button). I'm not sure if this is a botched attempt at creating a new thread that I've done here, but I assume a new thread will be needed at some stage in this process. People suggest using wx.CallAfter, but I'm not sure how to go about this considering the imported module doesn't know about wx, and also I can't realistically go through the entire simulation architecture and change all the print statements to wx.CallAfter, and any attempt to capture the shell from inside the imported simulation program leads to the program crashing. Does anybody have any ideas about how I can best achieve this? So all I really need is for all console text to be captured by a TextCtrl while the GUI remains responsive, and all text is solely coming from an imported module. (Also, secondary question regarding a Stop button - is it bad form to just kill the simulation thread?). Thanks, Duncan

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