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  • Pfsense 2.1 OpenVPN can't reach servers on the LAN

    - by Lucas Kauffman
    I have a small network set up like this: I have a Pfsense for connecting my servers to the WAN, they are using NAT from the LAN - WAN. I have an OpenVPN server using TAP to allow remote workers to be put on the same LAN network as the servers. They connect through the WAN IP to the OVPN interface. The LAN interface also servers as the gateway for the servers to get internet connection and has an IP of 10.25.255.254 The OVPN Interface and the LAN interface are bridged in BR0 Server A has an IP of 10.25.255.1 and is able to connect the internet Client A is connecting through the VPN and is assigned an IP address on its TAP interface of 10.25.24.1 (I reserved a /24 within the 10.25.0.0/16 for VPN clients) Firewall currently allows any-any connection OVPN towards LAN and vice versa Currently when I connect, all routes seem fine on the client side: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.25.0.0 10.25.255.254 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 10.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 300.300.300.300 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 I can ping the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.254 PING 10.25.255.254 (10.25.255.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=7.65 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=7.49 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=7.69 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=7.31 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=5 ttl=64 time=7.52 ms 64 bytes from 10.25.255.254: icmp_req=6 ttl=64 time=7.42 ms But I can't ping past the LAN interface: root@server:# ping 10.25.255.1 PING 10.25.255.1 (10.25.255.1) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=1 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) From 10.25.255.254: icmp_seq=2 Redirect Host(New nexthop: 10.25.255.1) I ran a tcpdump on my em1 interface (LAN interface which has the IP of 10.25.255.254) tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on em1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 08:21:13.449222 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 10, length 64 08:21:13.458211 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:14.450541 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 11, length 64 08:21:14.458431 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:15.451794 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 12, length 64 08:21:15.458530 ARP, Request who-has 10.25.255.1 tell 10.25.24.1, length 28 08:21:16.453203 IP 10.25.24.1 > 10.25.255.1: ICMP echo request, id 23623, seq 13, length 64 So traffic is reaching the LAN interface, but it's not getting passed it. But no answer from the 10.25.255.1 host. I'm not sure what I'm missing.

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  • Is the Cloud ready for an Enterprise Java web application? Seeking a JEE hosting advice.

    - by Jakub Holý
    Greetings to all the smart people around here! I'd like to ask whether it is feasible or a good idea at all to deploy a Java enterprise web application to a Cloud such as Amazon EC2. More exactly, I'm looking for infrastructure options for an application that shall handle few hundred users with long but neither CPU nor memory intensive sessions. I'm considering dedicated servers, virtual private servers (VPSs) and EC2. I've noticed that there is a project called JBoss Cloud so people are working on enabling such a deployment, on the other hand it doesn't seem to be mature yet and I'm not sure that the cloud is ready for this kind of applications, which differs from the typical cloud-based applications like Twitter. Would you recommend to deploy it to the cloud? What are the pros and cons? The application is a Java EE 5 web application whose main function is to enable users to compose their own customized Product by combining the available Parts. It uses stateless and stateful session beans and JPA for persistence of entities to a RDBMS and fetches information about Parts from the company's inventory system via a web service. Aside of external users it's used also by few internal ones, who are authenticated against the company's LDAP. The application should handle around 300-400 concurrent users building their product and should be reasonably scalable and available though these qualities are only of a medium importance at this stage. I've proposed an architecture consisting of a firewall (FW) and load balancer supporting sticky sessions and https (in the Cloud this would be replaced with EC2's Elastic Load Balancing service and FW on the app. servers, in a physical architecture the load-balancer would be a HW), then two physical clustered application servers combined with web servers (so that if one fails, a user doesn't loose his/her long built product) and finally a database server. The DB server would need a slave backup instance that can replace the master instance if it fails. This should provide reasonable availability and fault tolerance and provide good scalability as long as a single RDBMS can keep with the load, which should be OK for quite a while because most of the operations are done in the memory using a stateful bean and only occasionally stored or retrieved from the DB and the amount of data is low too. A problematic part could be the dependency on the remote inventory system webservice but with good caching of its outputs in the application it should be OK too. Unfortunately I've only vague idea of the system resources (memory size, number and speed of CPUs/cores) that such an "average Java EE application" for few hundred users needs. My rough and mostly unfounded estimate based on actual Amazon offerings is that 1.7GB and a single, 2-core "modern CPU" with speed around 2.5GHz (the High-CPU Medium Instance) should be sufficient for any of the two application servers (since we can handle higher load by provisioning more of them). Alternatively I would consider using the Large instance (64b, 7.5GB RAM, 2 cores at 1GHz) So my question is whether such a deployment to the cloud is technically and financially feasible or whether dedicated/VPS servers would be a better option and whether there are some real-world experiences with something similar. Thank you very much! /Jakub Holy PS: I've found the JBoss EAP in a Cloud Case Study that shows that it is possible to deploy a real-world Java EE application to the EC2 cloud but unfortunately there're no details regarding topology, instance types, or anything :-(

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  • Can't send commands via SSH to Juniper firewalls

    - by Massimo
    I have some Juniper SSG firewalls which I need to manage, and I'd like to be able to send commands to them from some monitoring scripts. I configured SSH access using public keys, and I'm able to automatically login to the firewalls. When I run SSH interactively, everything works fine: $ssh <firewall IP> FIREWALL-> <command> <command output> FIREWALL-> exit Connection to <firewall IP> closed. $ But when I try to run the command from the command line, it doesn't work: $ssh <firewall IP> <command> $ This, of course, works fine when sending a command to a remote Linux box: $ssh <linux box IP> <command> <command output> $ Why is this happening? What is the difference between running SSH interactively and specifying the command to run on the SSH command line? Update: It also works fine with a Cisco router. Only these Juniper firewalls seem to behave this way. From the debug output from SSH, it looks like the connection gets established correctly, but the Juniper box replies with an EOF when sending the command, while instead the Linux box replies with the actual command output: Linux: debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug1: Sending command: uptime debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 0 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 131072 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 16:44:44 up 25 days, 1:06, 3 users, load average: 0.08, 0.02, 0.01 debug2: channel 0: rcvd eof debug2: channel 0: output open -> drain debug2: channel 0: obuf empty debug2: channel 0: close_write debug2: channel 0: output drain -> closed debug2: channel 0: rcvd close debug2: channel 0: close_read debug2: channel 0: input open -> closed debug2: channel 0: almost dead debug2: channel 0: gc: notify user debug2: channel 0: gc: user detached debug2: channel 0: send close debug2: channel 0: is dead debug2: channel 0: garbage collecting debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug1: Transferred: stdin 0, stdout 0, stderr 0 bytes in 0.1 seconds debug1: Bytes per second: stdin 0.0, stdout 0.0, stderr 0.0 debug1: Exit status 0 Juniper: debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug1: Sending command: get system debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 0 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 2048 rmax 1024 debug2: channel 0: rcvd eof debug2: channel 0: output open -> drain debug2: channel 0: obuf empty debug2: channel 0: close_write debug2: channel 0: output drain -> closed debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd close debug2: channel 0: close_read debug2: channel 0: input open -> closed debug2: channel 0: almost dead debug2: channel 0: gc: notify user debug2: channel 0: gc: user detached debug2: channel 0: send close debug2: channel 0: is dead debug2: channel 0: garbage collecting debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug1: Transferred: stdin 0, stdout 0, stderr 0 bytes in 0.2 seconds debug1: Bytes per second: stdin 0.0, stdout 0.0, stderr 0.0 debug1: Exit status 1

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  • Why wireless adatper stop to work?

    - by AndreaNobili
    today I correctly installed the driver for the TP-LINK TL-WN725N USB wireless adapter on my RaspBerry Pi (I use RaspBian that is a Debian), then I setted up the wifi using the wpa-supplicant as explained in this tutorial: http://www.maketecheasier.com/setup-wifi-on-raspberry-pi/ This worked fine untill this evening. Then suddenly it stopped to work when I try to connect in SSH and the Raspberry is on the wireless (or rather it should be, as this is not in the list of my router's DHCP connected Client) The strange thing is that the USB wirless adapter blink so I think that this is not a driver problem. If I try to connect it by the ethernet I have no problem. It appear in my router's DHCP connected Client and I can connect to it by SSH. When I connect to it using ethernet if I perform an ifconfig command I obtain: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 inet addr:192.168.1.9 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6006 (5.8 KiB) TX bytes:8268 (8.0 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:94:f6:19:80:4c UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So it seems that the wlan0 USB wireless adapter driver is correctly loaded. If I remove the USB wireless adapter and put it again into the USB port, the lasts lines of dmesg log is: [ 20.303172] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: hardware isn't capable of remote wakeup [ 20.306340] RTL871X: set bssid:00:00:00:00:00:00 [ 20.306726] RTL871X: set ssid [g\xffffffc6isQ\xffffffffJ\xffffffec)\xffffffcd\xffffffba\xffffffba\xffffffab\xfffffff2\xfffffffb\xffffffe3F|\xffffffc2T\xfffffff8\x1b\xffffffe8\xffffffe7\xffffff8dvZ.c3\xffffff9f\xffffffc9\xffffff9a\xffffff9aD\xffffffa7\x1a\xffffffa0\x1a\xffffff8b] fw_state=0x00000008 [ 21.614585] RTL871X: indicate disassoc [ 21.908495] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1 [ 25.006282] Adding 102396k swap on /var/swap. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:102396k SSFS [ 26.247997] RTL871X: nolinked power save enter As you can see some of these line are related to the RTL871X that is my USB wireless adapter, but I don't know is that these line report an error or if it is all ok. Looking at the adapter status I obtain: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ip link list dev wlan0 3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT qlen 1000 link/ether e8:94:f6:19:80:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff As you can see the mode is DORMANT but I think that this is normal because now I am connected using ethernet. I tryied to set up the adapter but it seems that I obtain no result, infact: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ip link set dev wlan0 up pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ip link list dev wlan0 3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT qlen 1000 link/ether e8:94:f6:19:80:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo ip link set dev wlan0 up This is my /etc/network/interfaces file content and it is ok: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp and it is the /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf that I think is ok (I did not change it compared to when it worked): ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="MY-NETWORK" psk="mypassword" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK } and infact if I execute a network scan I correctly find MY-NETWORK in the network list,infact: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID ESSID:"TeleTu_74888B0060AD" ESSID:"MY-NETWORK" ESSID:"FASTWEB-1-PT6NtjL4TOSe" ESSID:"DC" So I reboot the system and I remove the ethernet cable but when I try to connect again to my raspberry I obatin the following error message: andrea@andrea-virtual-machine:~$ sudo ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 192.168.1.9 port 22: No route to host It seems that it can't connect using wireless. What could be the problem? What am I missing? How can I solve this situation? Tnx

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  • Why is Automator crashing on launch?

    - by zbrimhall
    I've run into an odd problem where Automtor.app on Snow Leopard crashes on launch. At some point in the past, I put a copy of iPhoto.app into my public directory to copy over to another machine. Now, Automator.app won't run unless my public directory has a copy of iPhoto.app in it. If I remove it, Automator.app crashes on launch. Here's what happens: Launch Automator.app After the Automator menu bar appears, but before any windows appear, I get the dreaded beach ball for a few seconds Automator crashes Here's the output from Console.app: 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Add Movie to iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Get iDVD Slideshow Images” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Initiate Remote Broadcast” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Broadcaster” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Movie Sequence” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Slideshow” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New QuickTime Slideshow” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set iDVD Background Image” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set iDVD Button Face” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie Annotations” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie Playback Properties” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie URL” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Show Main iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path The value %@ is invalid.: The file “The value %@ is invalid.” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path /Users/brimhall/Public/iPhoto.app: The file “iPhoto.app” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path The value %@ is invalid.: The file “The value %@ is invalid.” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:26 PM Automator[11736] -[NSAttributeDictionary length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x49c770 12/26/09 2:11:26 PM Automator[11736] -[NSAttributeDictionary length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x49c770 12/26/09 2:11:38 PM com.apple.launchd.peruser.501[203] ([0x0-0x2ad2ad].com.apple.Automator[11736]) Job appears to have crashed: Segmentation fault I've tried deleting my Automator.app Preferences file and Application Support directory to get it to look for iPhoto.app in the system-wide Applications directory, but to no avail. Any suggestions on how I can get things working as normal?

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  • Unable to connect to OpenVPN server

    - by Incognito
    I'm trying to get a working setup of OpenVPN on my VM and authenticate into it from a client. I'm not sure but it looks to me like it's socket related, as it's not set to LISTEN, and localhost seems wrong. I've never set up VPN before. # netstat -tulpn | grep vpn Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1194 0.0.0.0:* 24059/openvpn I don't think this is set up correctly. Here's some detail into what I've done. I have a VPS from MediaTemple: These are my interfaces before starting openvpn: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) TX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.1 P-t-P:127.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4885284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4679884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:835278537 (835.2 MB) TX bytes:1989289617 (1.9 GB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:205.[redacted] P-t-P:205.186.148.82 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 I've followed this guide on setting up a basic server and getting a .p12 file, however, I was receiving an error that stated /dev/net/tun was missing, so I created it mkdir -p /dev/net mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200 chmod 600 /dev/net/tun This resolved the error preventing the service from launching, however, I am unable to connect. On the server I've set up the myserver.conf file (as per the tutorial) to indicate local 127.0.0.1 (I've also attempted with the public IP address, perhaps I don't understand what they mean by local IP?). The server launches without error, this is what the log looks like when it starts: Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.3 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Mar 11 2011 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /usr/bin/openssl-vulnkey -q -b 1024 -m <modulus omitted> Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.1 pointopoint 10.8.0.2 mtu 1500 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 GID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:1194 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [undef] Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed This creates a tun0 interface that looks like this: tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) And the netstat command still indicates the state is not set to LISTEN. On the client-side I've installed the p12 certs onto two devices (one is an android tablet, the other is an Ubuntu desktop). I don't see port 1194 as open either. Both clients install the cert files and then ask me for the L2TP secret (which was set on the file), but then they oddly ask me for a username and a password, which I don't know where I could possibly get those from. I attempted all of my logins, and some whacky guesses that were frantically pulling at straws. If there's any more information I could provide let me know.

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  • How to prevent delays associated with IPv6 AAAA records?

    - by Nic
    Our Windows servers are registering IPv6 AAAA records with our Windows DNS servers. However, we don't have IPv6 routing enabled on our network, so this frequently causes stall behaviours. Microsoft RDP is the worst offender. When connecting to a server that has a AAAA record in DNS, the remote desktop client will try IPv6 first, and won't fall back to IPv4 until the connection times out. Power users can work around this by connecting to the IP address directly. Resolving the IPv4 address with ping -4 hostname.foo always works instantly. What can I do to avoid this delay? Disable IPv6 on client? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Too many clients to ensure this is set everywhere consistently. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Disable IPv6 on the server? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Requires an inconvenient registry hack to disable the entire IPv6 stack. Ensuring this is correctly set on all servers is inconvenient. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Mask IPv6 records on the user-facnig DNS recursor? Nope, we're using NLNet Unbound and it doesn't support that. Prevent registration of IPv6 AAAA records on the Microsoft DNS server? I don't think that's even possible. At this point, I'm considering writing a script that purges all AAAA records from our DNS zones. Please, help me find a better way. UPDATE: DNS resolution is not the problem. As @joeqwerty points out in his answer, the DNS records are returned instantly. Both A and AAAA records are immediately available. The problem is that some clients (mstsc.exe) will preferentially attempt a connection over IPv6, and take a while to fall back to IPv4. This seems like a routing problem. The ping command produces a "General failure" error message because the destination address is unroutable. C:\Windows\system32>ping myhost.mydomain Pinging myhost.mydomain [2002:1234:1234::1234:1234] with 32 bytes of data: General failure. General failure. General failure. General failure. Ping statistics for 2002:1234:1234::1234:1234: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), I can't get a packet capture of this behaviour. Running this (failing) ping command does not produce any packets in Microsoft Network Monitor. Similarly, attempting a connection with mstsc.exe to a host with an AAAA record produces no traffic until it does a fallback to IPv4. UPDATE: Our hosts are all using publicly-routable IPv4 addresses. I think this problem might come down to a broken 6to4 configuration. 6to4 behaves differently on hosts with public IP addresses vs RFC1918 addresses. UPDATE: There is definitely something fishy with 6to4 on my network. When I disable 6to4 on the Windows client, connections resolve instantly. netsh int ipv6 6to4 set state disabled But as @joeqwerty says, this only masks the problem. I'm still trying to find out why IPv6 communication on our network is completely non-working.

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  • DNS lookups failing somewhere between firewall and router

    - by TessellatingHeckler
    we have a setup of ADSL line - Cisco 837 ADSL router - Zyxel ZyWall 35 firewall/NAT - Switch == Intel load balanced NICS in a server. It has been fine for years, suddenly DNS resolution stopped working on the server. No changes that I know of, so I can't work backwards from there. It was configured with the ISP's DNS servers, neither network device does DNS relaying. Wireshark shows the request go out but nothing comes back. The server networking stack seems OK though, because if we query an internal DNS server on a remote site, that works. I can logon to the Cisco, and DNS resolves OK from the command line. I can logon to the ZyWall, and DNS does not resolve from the command line. So the problem seems to be the firewall, patch cable or router, yes? On the router: interface Ethernet0 ip address aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd 255.255.255.ddd ip tcp adjust-mss 1450 hold-queue 100 out On the firewall: DNS server set to 8.8.8.8 (Google's), DNS traffic allowed LAN-WAN. What else should I look for? Update: Following This guide I've got traffic logging on the Cisco. I have also got access to a public DNS server which I can run tcpdump on to see things from the other side. And as per the below comments, I've tested with Dig and see that DNS over TCP works, and over UDP does not. Currently: DNS request from the server using TCP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, and in tcpdump on the DNS server, the answer comes back, it works fine. DNS request from the server using UDP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, does NOT show in tcpdump on the DNS server, times out. DNS request from the cisco (using UDP) does show up in tcpdump on the DNS server, answer received, works fine. Ping requests from the server and the cisco to the DNS server show up in tcpdump on the DNS server. DNS request from the server using UDP does show up on the firewall. Summary: TCP seems fine throughought. UDP works over the ADSL and to the Cisco, and it works from the server to the Cisco, but it doesn't cross the Cisco properly, it seems. I did see the Cisco showing as connected at 10Mb/full-duplex internally, and the firewall showing as 100Mb/full-duplex externally. I have forced the firewall to 10Mb and rebooted both devices. That seemed to help get UDP traffic (server-firewall-cisco) instead of (server-firewall), but did not fix it. Update: Sanitized Cisco config: version 12.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname cisco ! logging queue-limit 100 enable secret 5 {password} enable password 7 {password} ! ip subnet-zero ip domain name example.org ip name-server {nameserver_IP} ! ! ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 no ftp-server write-enable ! interface Ethernet0 ip address {Inside_public_IP} 255.255.255.248 ip tcp adjust-mss 1460 hold-queue 100 out ! interface ATM0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive pvc 0/38 encapsulation aal5mux ppp dialer dialer pool-member 1 ! dsl operating-mode auto ! interface Dialer1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer idle-timeout 0 dialer persistent no cdp enable ppp chap hostname {ADSL_Username} ppp chap password 7 {ADSL_Password} ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! access-list 23 permit {IP} dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run snmp-server enable traps tty ! {con, vty} end

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  • Configuring CESoPSN using Cisco MWR 2941

    - by Rayne
    I'm trying to configure CESoPSN on two Cisco MWR 2941 routers, but the alarm LED lights are always lit. My configuration is modeled after this sample configuration. My setup is as follows: On the Cisco MWRs, E1 0/5 is configured to be CESoPSN, E1 0/9 is configured to be CESoPSN (CAS mode), and E1 0/7 is configured to be SAToP. The two MWRs are connected to each other via the GigabitEthernet port 0/2. The GigE ports are configured as a vlan because the ports are L2 ports and cannot be assigned an IP address directly. The two Cisco MWRs are connected to a traffic simulator, i.e. the traffic simulator will play out E1 traffic to MWR 1 and record the output traffic from MWR 2. On my traffic simulator, when it's connected to the E1 ports 0/5 and 0/9 (both CESoPSN configurations), the "Remote" alarm is on. However, when connected to the E1 ports 0/7 (SAToP configuration), no alarms were on. The GigE connection seems to be working fine (both LED lights on the 2 ports are green). The SAToP configuration seems to be fine too (Left LED is green, right LED is off on both E1 0/7 ports). However, both CESoPSN configurations seem to be not working (Left LED is green, right LED is yellow on both E1 0/5 and 0/9 ports). I don't know if there's anything wrong with my configuration for the CESoPSN, as I'm very new to this. The relevant portions of the configuration are as follows: MWR 1: controller E1 0/5 clock source internal cem-group 5 timeslots 1-31 description E1 CESoPSN example ! controller E1 0/7 clock source internal cem-group 7 unframed description E1 SATOP example ! controller E1 0/9 mode cas clock source internal cem-group 9 timeslots 1-24 description E1 CESoPSN CAS example ! interface Loopback0 ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 100 mpls ip ! interface CEM0/5 no ip address cem 5 xconnect 30.30.30.2 305 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/7 no ip address cem 7 xconnect 30.30.30.2 307 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/9 no ip address cem 9 signaling inband-cas xconnect 30.30.30.2 309 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface Vlan100 ip address 50.50.50.1 255.255.255.0 no ptp enable mpls ip ! no ip classless ip forward-protocol nd ip route 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.255 50.50.50.2 ! MWR 2: controller E1 0/5 clock source internal cem-group 5 timeslots 1-31 description E1 CESoPSN example ! controller E1 0/7 clock source internal cem-group 7 unframed ! controller E1 0/9 mode cas clock source internal cem-group 9 timeslots 1-24 description E1 CESoPSN CAS example ! interface Loopback0 ip address 30.30.30.2 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 100 mpls ip ! interface CEM0/5 no ip address cem 5 xconnect 30.30.30.1 305 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/7 no ip address cem 7 xconnect 30.30.30.1 307 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface CEM0/9 no ip address cem 9 signaling inband-cas xconnect 30.30.30.1 309 encapsulation mpls ! ! interface Vlan100 ip address 50.50.50.2 255.255.255.0 no ptp enable mpls ip ! no ip classless ip forward-protocol nd ip route 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255 50.50.50.1 ! If anyone is familiar with CESoPSN configurations, please advise.

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  • simple and reliable centralized logging inside Amazon VPC

    - by Nakedible
    I need to set up centralized logging for a set of servers (10-20) in an Amazon VPC. The logging should be as to not lose any log messages in case any single server goes offline - or in the case that an entire availability zone goes offline. It should also tolerate packet loss and other normal network conditions without losing or duplicating messages. It should store the messages durably, at the minimum on two different EBS volumes in two availability zones, but S3 is a good place as well. It should also be realtime so that the messages arrive within seconds of their generation to two different availability zones. I also need to sync logfiles not generated via syslog, so a syslog-only centralized logging solution would not fulfill all the needs, although I guess that limitation could be worked around. I have already reviewed a few solutions, and I will list them here: Flume to Flume to S3: I could set up two logservers as Flume hosts which would store log messages either locally or in S3, and configure all the servers with Flume to send all messages to both servers, using the end-to-end reliability options. That way the loss of a single server shouldn't cause lost messages and all messages would arrive in two availability zones in realtime. However, there would need to be some way to join the logs of the two servers, deduplicating all the messages delivered to both. This could be done by adding a unique id on the sending side to each message and then write some manual deduplication runs on the logfiles. I haven't found an easy solution to the duplication problem. Logstash to Logstash to ElasticSearch: I could install Logstash on the servers and have them deliver to a central server via AMQP, with the durability options turned on. However, for this to work I would need to use some of the clustering capable AMQP implementations, or fan out the deliver just as in the Flume case. AMQP seems to be a yet another moving part with several implementations and no real guidance on what works best this sort of setup. And I'm not entirely convinced that I could get actual end-to-end durability from logstash to elasticsearch, assuming crashing servers in between. The fan-out solutions run in to the deduplication problem again. The best solution that would seem to handle all the cases, would be Beetle, which seems to provide high availability and deduplication via a redis store. However, I haven't seen any guidance on how to set this up with Logstash and Redis is one more moving part again for something that shouldn't be terribly difficult. Logstash to ElasticSearch: I could run Logstash on all the servers, have all the filtering and processing rules in the servers themselves and just have them log directly to a removet ElasticSearch server. I think this should bring me reliable logging and I can use the ElasticSearch clustering features to share the database transparently. However, I am not sure if the setup actually survives Logstash restarts and intermittent network problems without duplicating messages in a failover case or similar. But this approach sounds pretty promising. rsync: I could just rsync all the relevant log files to two different servers. The reliability aspect should be perfect here, as the files should be identical to the source files after a sync is done. However, doing an rsync several times per second doesn't sound fun. Also, I need the logs to be untamperable after they have been sent, so the rsyncs would need to be in append-only mode. And log rotations mess things up unless I'm careful. rsyslog with RELP: I could set up rsyslog to send messages to two remote hosts via RELP and have a local queue to store the messages. There is the deduplication problem again, and RELP itself might also duplicate some messages. However, this would only handle the things that log via syslog. None of these solutions seem terribly good, and they have many unknowns still, so I am asking for more information here from people who have set up centralized reliable logging as to what are the best tools to achieve that goal.

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  • Cannot connect to MySQL Server on RHEL 5.7

    - by Jeffrey Wong
    I have a standard MySQL Server running on Red hat 5.7. I have edited /etc/my.cnf to specify the bind address as my server's public IP address. [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks ; # to do so, uncomment this line: # symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid bind-address=171.67.88.25 port=3306 And I have also restarted my firewall sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT /sbin/service iptables save The network administrator has already opened port 3306 for this box. When connecting from a remote computer (running Ubuntu 10.10, server is running RHEL 5.7), I issue mysql -u jeffrey -p --host=171.67.88.25 --port=3306 --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock but receive a ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '171.67.88.25' (113). I've noticed that the socket file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock is blank. Should this be the case? UPDATE The result of netstat -an | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN Result of sudo netstat -tulpen Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7602 3168/hpiod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 7827 3298/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5110 2802/portmap tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8787 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8431 3326/rserver tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:915 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5312 2853/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7655 3188/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7688 3199/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8025 3362/sendmail: acce tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7620 3173/python udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:909 0.0.0.0:* 0 5300 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:912 0.0.0.0:* 0 5309 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 0 4800 2598/dhclient udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36177 0.0.0.0:* 70 8314 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 70 8313 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 0 5109 2802/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 0 7691 3199/cupsd Result of sudo /sbin/iptables -L -v -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 6373 2110K RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1241 packets, 932K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 572 861K ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 1 28 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 255 0 0 ACCEPT esp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT ah -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 46 6457 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:5353 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:631 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:631 782 157K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 120 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:443 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:23 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 4970 1086K REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Result of nmap -P0 -p3306 171.67.88.25 Host is up (0.027s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 3306/tcp filtered mysql Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.09 seconds Solution When everything else fails, go GUI! system-config-securitylevel and add port 3306. All done!

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  • Puppet gives SSL error because master is not running?

    - by Daniel Huger
    I started with two clean machines this time. My master is running 12.04 Version: 2.7.11-1ubuntu2 Depends: ruby1.8, puppetmaster-common (= 2.7.11-1ubuntu2) My client is 10.04 Version: 2.6.3-0ubuntu1~lucid1 Depends: puppet-common (= 2.6.3-0ubuntu1~lucid1), ruby1.8 To setup Puppet tutorial: http://shapeshed.com/setting-up-puppet-on-ubuntu-10-04/ To connect master and client: http://shapeshed.com/connecting-clients-to-a-puppet-master/ The first time I tried to connect master to client failed with SSL_connect error. So I did rm -rf /etc/puppet/ssl/ to remove all the keys inside ssl folders. It looked like it work.... BUT client# puppet agent --server puppet --waitforce 60 --test /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/facter/util/resolution.rb:46: warning: Insecure world writable dir /etc/condor in PATH, mode 040777 /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/puppet/defaults.rb:67: warning: Insecure world writable dir /etc/condor in PATH, mode 040777 info: Creating a new SSL key for giab10 warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Caching certificate for ca warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for mybox123 info: Certificate Request fingerprint (md5): XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session info: Caching certificate for mybox123 err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=SSLv3 read server certificate B: certificate verify failed warning: Not using cache on failed catalog It cached but then it couldn't retrieve it. Let me stop here.... worrying I would mess something up. But let's check master's status. * master is not running WoW.... ??? master# service puppetmaster start * Starting puppet master [OK] master# service puppetmaster status * master is not running I think time is sync. Well, we are behind a firewall so the port to sync time is disbaled. I checked with date and they seem okay. What about master not running? Is that the cause? Any help is appreciated. Thanks! /var/lib/puppet/log/masterhttp.log [2012-06-30 00:13:25] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:13:25] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:13:25] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 00:19:40] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:19:40] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:19:40] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 00:28:58] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 00:28:58] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 00:28:58] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) [2012-06-30 15:31:25] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2012-06-30 15:31:25] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30) [x86_64-linux] [2012-06-30 15:31:25] WARN TCPServer Error: Address already in use - bind(2) 1 S puppet 5186 1 0 80 0 - 29410 poll_s 15:44 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ruby1.8 /usr/bin/puppet master --masterport=8140 4 S root 5235 5005 0 80 0 - 2344 pipe_w 15:45 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto puppet kill -9 5186 puppet master service puppetmaster status * master is not running I always have this error, but I always ignored it. http://pastebin.com/exbpArjv What could it mean? Time sync? Package not installed? Then how could we do puppetca in the first place?

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  • Why is Automator crashing on launch?

    - by zbrimhall
    I've run into an odd problem where Automtor.app on Snow Leopard crashes on launch. At some point in the past, I put a copy of iPhoto.app into my public directory to copy over to another machine. Now, Automator.app won't run unless my public directory has a copy of iPhoto.app in it. If I remove it, Automator.app crashes on launch. Here's what happens: Launch Automator.app After the Automator menu bar appears, but before any windows appear, I get the dreaded beach ball for a few seconds Automator crashes Here's the output from Console.app: 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Add Movie to iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Get iDVD Slideshow Images” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Initiate Remote Broadcast” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Broadcaster” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Movie Sequence” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New iDVD Slideshow” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “New QuickTime Slideshow” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set iDVD Background Image” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set iDVD Button Face” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie Annotations” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie Playback Properties” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Set Movie URL” could not be loaded because the application “QuickTime Player” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:24 PM Automator[11736] The action “Show Main iDVD Menu” could not be loaded because the application “iDVD” was not found. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path The value %@ is invalid.: The file “The value %@ is invalid.” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path /Users/brimhall/Public/iPhoto.app: The file “iPhoto.app” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:25 PM Automator[11736] Can not ID UTI for path The value %@ is invalid.: The file “The value %@ is invalid.” couldn’t be opened because there is no such file. 12/26/09 2:11:26 PM Automator[11736] -[NSAttributeDictionary length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x49c770 12/26/09 2:11:26 PM Automator[11736] -[NSAttributeDictionary length]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x49c770 12/26/09 2:11:38 PM com.apple.launchd.peruser.501[203] ([0x0-0x2ad2ad].com.apple.Automator[11736]) Job appears to have crashed: Segmentation fault I've tried deleting my Automator.app Preferences file and Application Support directory to get it to look for iPhoto.app in the system-wide Applications directory, but to no avail. Any suggestions on how I can get things working as normal?

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  • postfix: Temporary lookup failure for FQDN

    - by Thufir
    I'm using the FQDN of dur.bounceme.net which I want to resolve(?) to localhost. That is, I want mail to [email protected] to get delivered to user@localhost. I've tried following the Ubuntu guide on this and seem to be going in circles a bit. root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postfix stop postfix/postfix-script: stopping the Postfix mail system root@dur:~# postfix start postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system root@dur:~# telnet dur.bounceme.net 25 Trying 127.0.1.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused root@dur:~# root@dur:~# telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 dur.bounceme.net ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) ehlo dur 250-dur.bounceme.net 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:[email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:[email protected] 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure rcpt to:thufir@localhost 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. root@dur:~# root@dur:~# grep telnet /var/log/mail.log Aug 28 00:24:45 dur postfix/smtpd[18256]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<thufir@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> Aug 28 00:24:58 dur postfix/smtpd[18256]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> Aug 28 00:54:55 dur postfix/smtpd[18825]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> Aug 28 00:55:08 dur postfix/smtpd[18825]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<thufir@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<dur> root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix default_transport = smtp home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = loopback-only mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mydestination = dur, dur.bounceme.net, localhost.bounceme.net, localhost myhostname = dur.bounceme.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = lists.dur.bounceme.net relay_transport = relay relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport root@dur:~#

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  • Mac Terminal.app: Force '^C' to be printed when editing current prompt, then aborting it

    - by Stefan Lasiewski
    This is the opposite of Prevent “^C” from being printed when aborting editing current prompt. I'm using Bash. When I'm editing the commandline in Bash, and I hit Control-C to abort the commandline, the '^C' character does not display. I would like to see this character. I tried commands like stty -ctlecho and stty ctlecho (which I borrowed from the other question), but this didn't work for me. This behavior seems to be true with my environment on Ubuntu, CentOS and MacOSX. This only happens within Apple's Terminal.App. If I SSH to a remote Linux or FreeBSD box, then ^C is printed. So, this is clearly just a local setting. Update: Here is the output of stty -a, as requested by @quack quixote : $ stty -a speed 9600 baud; 41 rows; 88 columns; lflags: icanon isig iexten echo echoe -echok echoke -echonl echoctl -echoprt -altwerase -noflsh -tostop -flusho pendin -nokerninfo -extproc iflags: -istrip icrnl -inlcr -igncr ixon -ixoff ixany imaxbel iutf8 -ignbrk brkint -inpck -ignpar -parmrk oflags: opost onlcr -oxtabs -onocr -onlret cflags: cread cs8 -parenb -parodd hupcl -clocal -cstopb -crtscts -dsrflow -dtrflow -mdmbuf cchars: discard = ^O; dsusp = ^Y; eof = ^D; eol = <undef>; eol2 = <undef>; erase = ^?; intr = ^C; kill = ^U; lnext = ^V; min = 1; quit = ^\; reprint = ^R; start = ^Q; status = ^T; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; time = 0; werase = ^W; After typing stty sane, stty -a will output the following. The only difference is the parameter of -iutf8. $ stty sane $ stty -a speed 9600 baud; 41 rows; 157 columns; lflags: icanon isig iexten echo echoe -echok echoke -echonl echoctl -echoprt -altwerase -noflsh -tostop -flusho pendin -nokerninfo -extproc iflags: -istrip icrnl -inlcr -igncr ixon -ixoff ixany imaxbel -iutf8 -ignbrk brkint -inpck -ignpar -parmrk oflags: opost onlcr -oxtabs -onocr -onlret cflags: cread cs8 -parenb -parodd hupcl -clocal -cstopb -crtscts -dsrflow -dtrflow -mdmbuf cchars: discard = ^O; dsusp = ^Y; eof = ^D; eol = <undef>; eol2 = <undef>; erase = ^?; intr = ^C; kill = ^U; lnext = ^V; min = 1; quit = ^\; reprint = ^R; start = ^Q; status = ^T; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; time = 0; werase = ^W;

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  • IP Micro-outages, telephone micro-outages, and CATV micro-outages

    - by Michael Graff
    This is a long and complicated question, mostly because it has been going on for 2.5 years without a solution in sight. It also is only one-third computer related, the other two-thirds are cable TV and cable-phone related. Background I have COX Communications for a cable provider, and we get Internet, digital cable TV, and digital phone service through them. The Internet is a SB5101 right now, and has been a DPC2100 and SB5120 in the past. Same results. The phone service is provided through a telephone interface mounted on the outside of the house (not classic VoIP) and the CATV is through a Scientific Atlanta receiver without DVR. I do have a TiVo connected to the CATV box. Symptoms The CATV shows "blocking" -- sometimes very very short duration where a few blocks appear on the screen. Sometimes it lasts long enough that the video "pauses" for 2-5 seconds, and rarely but not unseen the audio also fails. The CATV decoder box shows no correctable (FEC) or uncorrectable errors. That is, all BER counters are zero for the video stream. The Internet shows "micro-outages" where it appears that sent packets are not making it out, but I continue to receive packets from local modems. That is, pings stop coming back, but I continue to see modems broadcast for DHCP, and sometimes they ask more than once. The cable modem shows no errors during this time, but cable modems lie like you would not believe. It is actually possible to unplug the coax from the modem for 20 seconds and it reports NO ERRORS to the provider's tools. The phone service cuts out for 1-3 seconds, infrequently. When this happens, I hear NOTHING (not even comfort noise) and the remote side hears a "click" as if I were getting a call waiting message. However, there is no call incoming, other than the one I'm currently on of course. Things SEEM to happen more frequently when the temperature outside swings from cold to warm, so fall/spring seems worse than summer/winter. All micro-outages occur between once or twice a day (which I could ignore) to 10 times per hour. All SNR, signal levels, noise levels, etc. show very close to optimal when measured. COX's diagnosis This is a continual pain for me. Over the last 2.5 years, they have opened, "fixed" something, and closed the tickets. They close it without confirming that it is indeed better, and when I reopen they cannot do that, but instead they open a new ticket and send yet another low-level tech out to do the same signal tests and report that all is OK. I've finally gotten a line tech who has a clue and is motivated enough to pursue this with me. We have tried things like switching the local nodes over to UPS and generator power, but this does not trigger the noise. We have tried replacing all cabling, the tap outside my house, the modem, the CATV decoder -- all without resolution. Recently they have decided it is both my computer or switch, my TiVo, and my phone that are all broken and causing this issue. My debugging steps I spent the worse day of my TV-watching life yesterday and part of today. I watched live TV without the TiVo. I witnessed blocking, but it did "feel different." and was actually more severe. Some days it is better, some days it is worse, so perhaps this was just a very bad day. Today, I connected the TiVo to my DVD player, and ran two very long movies through it. I saw no blocking at all during nearly 6 hours of video. Suggestions? Does anyone have any suggestions on what to do next? I understand perhaps only the IP side can be addressed here, but it is one of the more limiting debugging options.

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  • Issues configuring Exchange 2010 as well as SSL problems.

    - by Eric Smith
    Possibly-Relevant Background Info: I've recently moved up from icky shared hosting to a glorious, Remote Desktop-administrated VPS server running Windows Server 2008 R2. Even though I'm only 21 now and a computer science major, I've tried to play with every Windows Server release since '03, just to learn new things. What usually happens is inevitably I'll do something wrong and pretty much ruin the install. You're dealing with an amateur here :) Through the past few months of working with my new server, I've mastered DNS, IIS, got Team Foundation Server running (yay!), and can install all of the other basics like SQL Server and Active Directory. The Problem: Now, these last few weeks I've been trying to install Exchange Server 2010 (SP1). To make a long story short, it took me several attempts, and I even had to get my server wiped just so I could start fresh since Exchange decided uninstalling properly was for sissies (cost me $20, bah). Today, at long last, I got Exchange mostly working. There were two main problems left, however, that left me unsatisfied: Exchange installed itself and all of its child sites into Default Web Site. I wanted to access Exchange via mail.domain.com, but instead everything was configured to domain.com. My limited server admin knowledge was not enough to configure IIS or Exchange to move itself over to the website I had set up for it, appropriately titled 'mail.domain.com', which I had bound to a dedicated IP address (I was told this was necessary, but he may have been wrong). I have two SSL certificates: one for my main domain and one for my mail subdomain. For whatever reason, I had issues geting Exchange to use my mail certificate, even though I had assigned the proper roles in the MMC. I did, at one point, get it to work (or mostly work, anyways. Frankly, my memory of today is clouded by intense frustration). Additionally, I was confused which type of SSL certificate I should be using for Exchange. My SSL provider, GoDaddy, allows me to request a new certificate whenever, so I can use either the certificate request provided by IIS or the more complicated and specific request you can create with Exchange. Which type should I be using, the IIS or Exchange certificate? If I must use the Exchange certificate, will that 1) cause issues when I bind that certificate to my mail.domain.com subdomain or 2) is that an unnecessary step? The SSL Certificate Strikes Back When I thought I had the proper SSL certificate assigned for those brief, sweet moments, Google Chrome reported the correct mail.domain.com certificate when browsing https://mail.domain.com. However, Outlook 2010 threw up an error when trying to configure my email account claiming that the certificate didn't match the domain of "mail.domain.com". Is this an issue that will be resolved by problem #2 or is it a separate one entirely? Apologies for the massive wall of text, but I wanted to provide as much info as I possibly could. Exchange is the last thing I'd like installed on my server, and naturally it's turning out to be the hardest. Thanks for any info at all. Even a point in a vague direction would be a huge help at this point. Thanks! -Eric P.S.: The reason I keep ruining my install is that when I attempt to uninstall Exchange, something invariably goes wrong. The last time the uninstaller complained that there was still a mailbox active and it couldn't proceed until I deleted it. ... The only mailbox left was the Administrator account, the built-in one I couldn't delete. So I attempted to manually uninstall it following several guides online only to now be stuck unable to launch the installer and have to get my system wiped AGAIN for the second time today ($40 down the drain, bah!). I do not understand at all why "uninstall" just can't mean "hey, you, delete everything and go away". There's not even a force uninstall option, only a "recover system" option that just fails to fix anything and makes it so I can't even use the GUI uninstaller. </rant>

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  • iPhone doesn't save password for Cisco IPsec VPN using racoon daemon

    - by dsx
    On my Debian server I had set up racoon daemon (1:0.8.0-14) for Cisco IPSec VPN using certificates for authentication. My racoon.conf is like following: log info; path certificate "/etc/racoon/certs"; listen { isakmp $SERVER_IP_HERE [500]; isakmp_natt $SERVER_IP_HERE [4500]; } timer { natt_keepalive 10 sec; } remote anonymous { lifetime time 24 hours; proposal_check obey; passive on; exchange_mode aggressive,main; my_identifier asn1dn; peers_identifier asn1dn; verify_identifier on; certificate_type x509 "cert_name.crt" "key_name.key"; ca_type x509 "ca.crt"; mode_cfg on; verify_cert on; ike_frag on; generate_policy on; nat_traversal on; dpd_delay 20; proposal { encryption_algorithm aes; hash_algorithm sha1; authentication_method xauth_rsa_server; dh_group modp1024; } } mode_cfg { conf_source local; auth_source system; auth_throttle 3; save_passwd on; dns4 8.8.8.8; network4 $SOME_LAN_SUBNET; netmask4 255.255.255.0; pool_size 128; } sainfo anonymous { pfs_group 2; lifetime time 24 hour; encryption_algorithm aes; authentication_algorithm hmac_sha1; compression_algorithm deflate; } I'm not using PSK authentication here. Using iPhone configuration utility I had uploaded all required certificates to iPhone and set up VPN on demand. Everything works just fine except one thing: iPhone refuses to save VPN password regardless of save_passwd on; in racoon configuration file. As opposed to iPhone behaviour, Mac OS X 10.8.2 have no problems saving password. I had examined iPhone log file and found following: racoon[151] <Notice>: >>>>> phase change status = phase 1 established configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration started. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: INTERNAL-IP4-ADDRESS = $SUBNET_IP_HERE. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: INTERNAL-IP4-MASK = 255.255.255.0. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: SAVE-PASSWORD = 0. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: INTERNAL-IP4-DNS = 8.8.8.8. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: BANNER = . configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: DEF-DOMAIN = . configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration: DEFAULT-ROUTE = local-address $SUBNET_IP_HERE/32. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Phase2 starting. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Network Configuration established. configd[50] <Notice>: IPSec Phase1 established. Please note IPSec Network Configuration message containing SAVE-PASSWORD = 0.. Is it a bug in racoon daemon on server, or iPhone (iOS version is 6.0.1 (10A523)) or it is me missing something? How to make iPhone remember IPSec VPN password?

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  • vconfig created virtual interface and trunking - is the the interface untagged or tagged for that VLAN ID?

    - by kce
    I am trying to setup an additional VLAN on our Debian-based router/firewall (which exists as a virtual machine on Hyper-V), our core switch (an HP Procurve 5406) and a remote HP ProCurve 2610 that is connected via a WAN Transparent Lan Service (TLS) link. Let's work backwards from the network edge: The Debian server has an external connection attached to eth0. The internal interface is eth1, which is connected directly from our Hyper-V host to the 5406. The port that eth1 is attached to is setup as Trk12. The 2610 is attached to Trk9 (which trunks a whole slew of VLANs - Trk9 is our TLS head). I can successfully ping the management IP addresses for my VLAN from both switches but I cannot ping, from either switch, the virtual interface for my new VLAN on the Debian-base router and firewall. The existing VLAN works fine. What gives? The port eth1 is attached to is a trunk, the existing VLAN (ID 98) is untagged on the trunk, the new VLAN (ID 198) is tagged. VLAN 198 is tagged on Trk9 on the 5406 and on the 2610. I can ping the other switch's management IP (10.100.198.2 and 10.100.198.3) from the other respective switch. That leg of the VLAN works - however I cannot communicate with eth1.198's 10.100.198.1. I feel like I'm missing something elementary but what it is remains illusive to me. I suspect the issue is with the vconfig created eth1.198. It should pass the tagged VLAN 198 packets correct? But they cannot seem to get any further than the 5406. Communication on the existing VLAN 98 works fine. From the Debian box: eth1: eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5d:34:5e:03 inet addr:10.100.0.1 Bcast:10.100.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe34:5e03/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12179786 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20210532 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1586498028 (1.4 GiB) TX bytes:26154226278 (24.3 GiB) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xec00 eth1.198: eth1.198 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:5d:34:5e:03 inet addr:10.100.198.1 Bcast:10.100.198.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::215:5dff:fe34:5e03/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1496 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:72 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:3528 (3.4 KiB) # cat /proc/net/vlan/eth1.198: eth1.198 VID: 198 REORDER_HDR: 0 dev->priv_flags: 1 total frames received 0 total bytes received 0 Broadcast/Multicast Rcvd 0 total frames transmitted 72 total bytes transmitted 3528 total headroom inc 0 total encap on xmit 39 Device: eth1 INGRESS priority mappings: 0:0 1:0 2:0 3:0 4:0 5:0 6:0 7:0 EGRESS priority mappings: # ip route 10.100.198.0/24 dev eth1.198 proto kernel scope link src 10.100.198.1 206.174.64.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 206.174.66.14 10.100.0.0/16 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.100.0.1 default via 206.174.64.1 dev eth0 # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy DROP 6875 packets, 637K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 41 4320 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 11481 1560K ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 107 8058 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth1 any 10.100.0.0/24 anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 701 317K ACCEPT udp -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere udp dpts:bootps:bootpc Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 1 packets, 40 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 156K 25M ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere 215K 248M ACCEPT all -- eth0 eth1 anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- eth1.198 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT all -- eth0 eth1.198 anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 13048 packets, 1640K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination From the 5406: # show vlan ports trk12 detail Status and Counters - VLAN Information - for ports Trk12 VLAN ID Name | Status Voice Jumbo Mode ------- -------------------- + ---------- ----- ----- -------- 98 WIFI | Port-based No No Untagged 198 VLAN198 | Port-based No No Tagged

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  • md/raid:md2: cannot start dirty degraded array, kernel panic

    - by nl-x
    After having made use of a remote power switch, my server did not come back online. When I went to the datacenter and reboot the computer on the spot I see the server booting (I see the centos progress bar with running almost all the way to the end) and eventually giving the following messages: md/raid:md2: cannot start dirty degraded array. md/raid:md2: failed to run raid set. md: pers->run() failed ... md/raid:md2: cannot start dirty degraded array. md/raid:md2: failed to run raid set. md: pers->run() failed ... Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init not tainted 2.6.32-279.1.1.el6.i686 #1 Call Trace: [<c083bfbc>] ? panic+0x68/0x11c [<c045a501>] ? do_exit+0x741/0x750 [<c045a54c>] ? do_group_exit+0x3c/0xa0 [<c045a5c1>] ? sys_exit_group+0x11/0x20 [<c083eba4>] ? syscall_call+0x7/0xb [<c083007b>] ? cmos_wake_setup+0x62/0x112 The server runs CentOS and has software raid, and I don't have backups of the raid settings. The only backup I have is of /home and the database dumps. (Glad to at least have those though.) Since the server is an old Dell PowerEdge 1750 with no CD-ROM drive, I have no way of booting the machine from a boot disk. I also remember in the past that the server also wouldn't boot from a bootable USB disk. So the only way I know how to boot the server is to go to the datacenter, pick up the server and take it to the office. Screw open the server. Attach a cdrom drive to an IDE slot on the motherboard. And then boot it. I am hoping you guys could help me avoid this. I have looked a bit through the boot options and I found the following boot options. When CentOS is about to boot and interrupt the boot-countdown: CentOS (2.6.32-279.1.1.el63.i686) CentOS Linux (2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.i686) centos (2.6.32-71.el6.i686) I think the first configuration is the default one, because choosing that gets me to the above mentioned kernel panic. The other ones end with something like "Sleeping forever". I can press 'e' to edit boot commands, press 'a' to modify kernel arguments and press 'c' for grub command line. The command line gives a grub prompt. But I have no idea how to get the system to boot without (trying to) access the dirty partitions. What I want to do is off course: - boot the machine - check hard drive for errors - mark the drive as clean

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  • Transparent proxy which preserves client mac address

    - by A G
    I have a customer that wants to intercept SSL traffic as it leaves their network. My proposed solution is to setup a proxy that is transparent and both layer 2 and layer 3 so it can simply be dropped into their network without any change in config required. The proxy has two NICs, one connected to the server, the other to the client. The client, proxy and gateway are under control of the customer, the server is not. For example: client --- Proxy --- gateway -|- server I have my proxy program configured with IP_TRANSPARENT socket option to it can respond to connections destined for a remote IP. I am using the following setup: iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j TPROXY --on-port 3128 --tproxy-mark 1/1 iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -j MARK --set-mark 1 ip rule add fwmark 1/1 table 1 ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 1 The client in question is on its own subnet and has been configured so that the proxy is the default gateway. The result is: Client sends a frame to the proxy; source IP is client, source mac is client, destination IP is server, destination mac is proxy Proxy forwards this frame to the gateway; source IP is proxy, source mac is proxy, destination IP is server, destination mac is gateway Gateway forwards this to the server and gets a response back. Gateway sends reply back to proxy; source IP is server, source mac is gateway, destination IP is proxy, destination mac is proxy Proxy forwards this reply to client; source IP is server, source mac is proxy, destination IP is client, destination mac is client. The tproxy and iptables configuration lets the proxy send packets with a non local ip address. Is there a way to make something transparent at the mac address level? That is, put the client on the same subnet as the gateway. The gateway sees the source IP and mac as that of the client, even though they originated from the proxy. Could this be done by configuring the proxy as a bridge then use ebtables to escalate the traffic to be handled by iptables? When I use ebtables to push something up to iptables, it appears my proxy program doesn't respond to the packets as they are destined for the gateways's mac address, not the proxy's. What are some other potential avenues I could investigate? EDIT: When the client and gateway are on different subnets (and client has set the proxy as the gateway), it works as described in 1 to 5. But I want to know if it is possible to have the client and gateway on the same subnet and have the proxy fully transparent (ie client is not aware of the proxy). Thanks! EDIT 2: I can configure the proxy as a bridge using brctl, but cannot find a way to direct this traffic to my proxy program - asked here Possible for linux bridge to intercept traffic?. Currently, with the description numbered 1 to 5, it operates at layer 3; it is transparent on the client side (client thinks it is talking to the server's IP), but not on the gateway side (gateway is talking to the proxy's IP). What I want to find out is, is it possible to make this operate at layer 2, so it is fully transparent? What are the available options I should research? Thanks

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  • Rsyslog is not working properly, it does not log anything

    - by Victor Henriquez
    I'm running a Debian server and a couple of days ago my rsyslog started to behave very weird, the daemon is running but it doesn't seem to do anything. Many people use the system but I'm the only one with (legal) root access. I'm using the default rsyslogd configuration (if you think is relevant I'll attach it, but it's the one that comes with the package). After I rotated all the log files, they have remained empty: # ls -l /var/log/*.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 27 00:25 /var/log/alternatives.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/auth.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/daemon.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 27 00:25 /var/log/dpkg.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/kern.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/lpr.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/mail.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/user.log Any try to force a log writing does not have any effect: # logger hey # ls -l /var/log/messages -rw-r----- 1 root adm 0 Jun 26 13:03 /var/log/messages Lsof shows that rsyslogd does not have any log files opened: # lsof -p 1855 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rsyslogd 1855 root cwd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 1855 root rtd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / rsyslogd 1855 root txt REG 202,0 342076 21649 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 38556 32153 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_nis-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 79728 32165 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnsl-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 26456 32163 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_compat-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 297500 1061058 /usr/lib/rsyslog/imuxsock.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 42628 32170 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libnss_files-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 22784 1061106 /usr/lib/rsyslog/imklog.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 1401000 32169 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libc-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 30684 32175 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/librt-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 9844 32157 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libdl-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 117009 32154 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/i686/cmov/libpthread-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 79980 17746 /usr/lib/libz.so.1.2.3.4 rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 18836 1061094 /usr/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so rsyslogd 1855 root mem REG 202,0 117960 31845 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.13.so rsyslogd 1855 root 0u unix 0xebe8e800 0t0 640 /dev/log rsyslogd 1855 root 3u FIFO 0,5 0t0 2474 /dev/xconsole rsyslogd 1855 root 4u unix 0xebe8e400 0t0 645 /var/spool/postfix/dev/log rsyslogd 1855 root 5r REG 0,3 0 4026532176 /proc/kmsg I was so frustrated that even reinstall the rsyslog package, but it still refuses to log anything: # apt-get remove --purge rsyslog # apt-get install rsyslog I thought someone had hacked the system, so run rkhunter, chkrootkit, unhide in an attempt to find hide processes / ports and nmap in a remote host to compare with the ports shown by netstat. And I know this doesn't mean anything, but all looks ok. The system also have an iptables firewall that is very restrictive with incoming / outgoing connections. This is driving me crazy, any idea what is going on here? [EDIT - disk space info] # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on rootfs 24G 22G 629M 98% / /dev/root 24G 22G 629M 98% / devtmpfs 10M 112K 9.9M 2% /dev tmpfs 76M 48K 76M 1% /run tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 151M 40K 151M 1% /tmp tmpfs 151M 0 151M 0% /run/shm

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  • Dynamic DNS registration for VPN clients

    - by Eric Falsken
    I've got a VPN server set up in my Active Directory on a remote network. (VPN Server is separate box from DNS/AD) When I dial into the network (client machine is not a member of the AD) the machine does not register its IP or Hostname in the DNS. I've played with all possible combinations of DHCP and RRAS-allocated IP pools, and none of them seem to cause my client to register. Is it because my client has to be a member of the domain? Are there some security settins I can tweak so that it can register its hostname/ip? I've looked in the event logs (System and Security) for the AD, DNS, DHCP, RRAS, and the client machine, and don't see anything relating to DNS Registration. Here's the IPConfig on the client machine (once connected): PPP adapter My VPN Name: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mydomain.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : My VPN Name Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.22(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.52 <- DC1 192.168.1.53 <- DC2 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

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  • NGINX - CORS error affecting only Firefox

    - by wiherek
    this is an issue with Nginx that affects only firefox. I have this config: http://pastebin.com/q6Yeqxv9 upstream connect { server 127.0.0.1:8080; } server { server_name admin.example.com www.admin.example.com; listen 80; return 301 https://admin.example.com$request_uri; } server { listen 80; server_name ankieta.example.com www.ankieta.example.com; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin $http_origin; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE'; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Access-Control-Request-Method,Access-Control-Request-Headers,Cache,Pragma,Authorization,Accept,Accept-Encoding,Accept-Language,Host,Referer,Content-Length,Origin,DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type'; return 301 https://ankieta.example.com$request_uri; } server { server_name admin.example.com; listen 443 ssl; ssl_certificate /srv/ssl/14182263.pem; ssl_certificate_key /srv/ssl/admin_i_ankieta.example.com.key; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers ALL:!aNULL:!ADH:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXP:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM; location / { proxy_pass http://connect; } } server { server_name ankieta.example.com; listen 443 ssl; ssl_certificate /srv/ssl/14182263.pem; ssl_certificate_key /srv/ssl/admin_i_ankieta.example.com.key; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers ALL:!aNULL:!ADH:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXP:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM; root /srv/limesurvey; index index.php; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' $http_origin; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE'; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Access-Control-Request-Method,Access-Control-Request-Headers,Cache,Pragma,Authorization,Accept,Accept-Encoding,Accept-Language,Host,Referer,Content-Length,Origin,DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type'; client_max_body_size 4M; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args; } location ~ /*.php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; #NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /srv/limesurvey$fastcgi_script_name; # fastcgi_param HTTPS $https; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; } location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } } this is basically an AngularJS app and a PHP app (LimeSurvey), served under two different domains by the same webserver (Nginx). AngularJS is in fact served by ConnectJS, which is proxied to by Nginx (ConnectJS listens only on localhost). In Firefox console I get this: Cross-Origin Request Blocked: The Same Origin Policy disallows reading the remote resource at https://ankieta.example.com/admin/remotecontrol. This can be fixed by moving the resource to the same domain or enabling CORS. which of course is annoying. Other browsers work fine (Chrome, IE). Any suggestions on this?

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  • AWS Load balancer connection reset

    - by joshmmo
    I have an ELB set up with two instances. The issue I have with it is that when I do not add www. to it, the ELB just hangs. This is some info I get when I spider with wget: Spider mode enabled. Check if remote file exists. --2013-06-20 13:40:54-- http://learning.example.com/ Resolving learning.example.com... 54.xxx.x.x53, 50.xx.xxx.x71 Connecting to learning.example.com|54.xxx.x.x53|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... No data received. Retrying. when I add www. it works great. I have a GoDaddy SSL cert that I added to the listener section that covers 3 domains, www.learning.example.com, files.learning.example.com and learning.example.com. These are my listener settings: - HTTP 80 HTTPS 443 N/A N/A - SSL 443 SSL 443 Change canvasNew (Change) My EC2 instances are running apache2 on Ubuntu 12.04. I will be happy to post my vhosts file if needed. However, when I ran the server with the domains pointing to just one EC2 instance things worked fine. How can I fix this issue for learning.example.com? Why does www work just fine? A second question would be what is the difference between instance protocol and load balancer protocol? EDIT: Here are the dig results for learning.example.com from yesterday. I changed the DNS entry to point to one instance to make sure it was the elb. When I switch it back I will do it for www.learning.example.com ; <<>> DiG 9.9.1-P2 <<>> learning.example.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20210 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;learning.example.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: learning.example.com. 2559 IN CNAME canvas-22222222222.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com. canvas-22222222222.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com. 60 IN A 54.xxx.x.x53 canvas-22222222222.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com. 60 IN A 50.xx.xxx.x71 ;; Query time: 83 msec ;; SERVER: 10.x.xx.20#53(10.x.xx.20) ;; WHEN: Thu Jun 20 13:40:47 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 137 EDIT 2: Here is some more info that might be helpful. Port Configuration: 80 (HTTP) forwarding to 443 (HTTPS) Backend Authentication: Disabled Stickiness: Disabled(edit) 443 (SSL, Certificate: canvasNew) forwarding to 443 (SSL) Backend Authentication: Disabled So I switched everything to one EC2 IP address to bypass the elb to make sure things are working. It's running great. www and the non-www url work perfectly fine. Its only when I switch things to the ELB that learning.example.com hangs and www.learning.example.com works. Hopefully you can get some ideas flowing.

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