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• What is a Delphi version of the C++ header for the DVP7010B video card DLL?

  - by grzegorz1

  I need help with converting c++ header file to delphi. I spent several days on this problem without success. Below is the original header file and my Delphi translation. C++ header #if _MSC_VER > 1000 #pragma once #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000 #ifdef DVP7010BDLL_EXPORTS #define DVP7010BDLL_API __declspec(dllexport) #else #define DVP7010BDLL_API __declspec(dllimport) #endif #define MAXBOARDS 4 #define MAXDEVS 4 #define ID_NEW_FRAME 37810 #define ID_MUX0_NEW_FRAME 37800 #define ID_MUX1_NEW_FRAME 37801 #define ID_MUX2_NEW_FRAME 37802 #define ID_MUX3_NEW_FRAME 37803 typedef enum { SUCCEEDED = 1, FAILED = 0, SDKINITFAILED = -1, PARAMERROR = -2, NODEVICES = -3, NOSAMPLE = -4, DEVICENUMERROR = -5, INPUTERROR = -6, // VERIFYHWERROR = -7 } Res; typedef enum tagAnalogVideoFormat { Video_None = 0x00000000, Video_NTSC_M = 0x00000001, Video_NTSC_M_J = 0x00000002, Video_PAL_B = 0x00000010, Video_PAL_M = 0x00000200, Video_PAL_N = 0x00000400, Video_SECAM_B = 0x00001000 } AnalogVideoFormat; typedef enum { SIZEFULLPAL=0, SIZED1, SIZEVGA, SIZEQVGA, SIZESUBQVGA } VideoSize; typedef enum { STOPPED = 1, RUNNING = 2, UNINITIALIZED = -1, UNKNOWNSTATE = -2 } CapState; class IDVP7010BDLL { public: int AdvDVP_CreateSDKInstence(void **pp); virtual int AdvDVP_InitSDK() PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_CloseSDK() PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetNoOfDevices(int *pNoOfDevs) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_Start(int nDevNum, int SwitchingChans, HWND Main, HWND hwndPreview) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_Stop(int nDevNum) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetCapState(int nDevNum) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_IsVideoPresent(int nDevNum, BOOL* VPresent) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetCurFrameBuffer(int nDevNum, int VMux, long* bufSize, BYTE* buf) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetNewFrameCallback(int nDevNum, int callback) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetVideoFormat(int nDevNum, AnalogVideoFormat* vFormat) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetVideoFormat(int nDevNum, AnalogVideoFormat vFormat) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetFrameRate(int nDevNum, int *nFrameRate) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetFrameRate(int nDevNum, int SwitchingChans, int nFrameRate) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetResolution(int nDevNum, VideoSize *Size) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetResolution(int nDevNum, VideoSize Size) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetVideoInput(int nDevNum, int* input) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetVideoInput(int nDevNum, int input) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetBrightness(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetBrightness(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetContrast(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetContrast(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetHue(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetHue(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetSaturation(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetSaturation(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GPIOGetData(int nDevNum, int DINum, BOOL* value) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GPIOSetData(int nDevNum, int DONum, BOOL value) PURE; }; Delphi unit IDVP7010BDLL_h; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes; //{$if _MSC_VER > 1000} //pragma once //{$endif} // _MSC_VER > 1000 {$ifdef DVP7010BDLL_EXPORTS} //const DVP7010BDLL_API = __declspec(dllexport); {$else} //const DVP7010BDLL_API = __declspec(dllimport); {$endif} const MAXDEVS = 4; MAXMUXS = 4; ID_NEW_FRAME = 37810; ID_MUX0_NEW_FRAME = 37800; ID_MUX1_NEW_FRAME = 37801; ID_MUX2_NEW_FRAME = 37802; ID_MUX3_NEW_FRAME = 37803; // TRec SUCCEEDED = 1; FAILED = 0; SDKINITFAILED = -1; PARAMERROR = -2; NODEVICES = -3; NOSAMPLE = -4; DEVICENUMERROR = -5; INPUTERROR = -6; // TRec // TAnalogVideoFormat Video_None = $00000000; Video_NTSC_M = $00000001; Video_NTSC_M_J = $00000002; Video_PAL_B = $00000010; Video_PAL_M = $00000200; Video_PAL_N = $00000400; Video_SECAM_B = $00001000; // TAnalogVideoFormat // TCapState STOPPED = 1; RUNNING = 2; UNINITIALIZED = -1; UNKNOWNSTATE = -2; // TCapState type TCapState = Longint; TRes = Longint; TtagAnalogVideoFormat = DWORD; TAnalogVideoFormat = TtagAnalogVideoFormat; PAnalogVideoFormat = ^TAnalogVideoFormat; TVideoSize = ( SIZEFULLPAL, SIZED1, SIZEVGA, SIZEQVGA, SIZESUBQVGA); PVideoSize = ^TVideoSize; P_Pointer = ^Pointer; TIDVP7010BDLL = class function AdvDVP_CreateSDKInstence(pp: P_Pointer): integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_InitSDK():Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_CloseSDK():Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetNoOfDevices(pNoOfDevs : PInteger) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_Start(nDevNum : Integer; SwitchingChans : Integer; Main : HWND; hwndPreview: HWND ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_Stop(nDevNum : Integer ):Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetCapState(nDevNum : Integer ):Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_IsVideoPresent(nDevNum : Integer; VPresent : PBool) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetCurFrameBuffer(nDevNum : Integer; VMux : Integer; bufSize : PLongInt; buf : PByte) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetNewFrameCallback(nDevNum : Integer; callback : Integer ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetVideoFormat(nDevNum : Integer; vFormat : PAnalogVideoFormat) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetVideoFormat(nDevNum : Integer; vFormat : TAnalogVideoFormat ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetFrameRate(nDevNum : Integer; nFrameRate : Integer) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetFrameRate(nDevNum : Integer; SwitchingChans : Integer; nFrameRate : Integer) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetResolution(nDevNum : Integer; Size : PVideoSize) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetResolution(nDevNum : Integer; Size : TVideoSize ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetVideoInput(nDevNum : Integer; input : PInteger) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetVideoInput(nDevNum : Integer; input : Integer) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetBrightness(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetBrightness(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetContrast(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetContrast(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetHue(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetHue(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetSaturation(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetSaturation(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GPIOGetData(nDevNum : Integer; DINum:Integer; value : PBool) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GPIOSetData(nDevNum : Integer; DONum:Integer; value : Boolean) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; end; function IDVP7010BDLL : TIDVP7010BDLL ; stdcall; implementation function IDVP7010BDLL; external 'DVP7010B.dll'; end.

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• Need help converting a C++ header file to delphi

  - by grzegorz1

  I need help with converting c++ header file to delphi. I spent several days on this problem without success. Below is the original header file and my Delphi translation. ///////////////////////// C++ header file //////////////////////////////////// if _MSC_VER 1000 pragma once endif // _MSC_VER 1000 ifdef DVP7010BDLL_EXPORTS define DVP7010BDLL_API __declspec(dllexport) else define DVP7010BDLL_API __declspec(dllimport) endif define MAXBOARDS 4 define MAXDEVS 4 define ID_NEW_FRAME 37810 define ID_MUX0_NEW_FRAME 37800 define ID_MUX1_NEW_FRAME 37801 define ID_MUX2_NEW_FRAME 37802 define ID_MUX3_NEW_FRAME 37803 typedef enum { SUCCEEDED = 1, FAILED = 0, SDKINITFAILED = -1, PARAMERROR = -2, NODEVICES = -3, NOSAMPLE = -4, DEVICENUMERROR = -5, INPUTERROR = -6, // VERIFYHWERROR = -7 } Res; typedef enum tagAnalogVideoFormat { Video_None = 0x00000000, Video_NTSC_M = 0x00000001, Video_NTSC_M_J = 0x00000002, Video_PAL_B = 0x00000010, Video_PAL_M = 0x00000200, Video_PAL_N = 0x00000400, Video_SECAM_B = 0x00001000 } AnalogVideoFormat; typedef enum { SIZEFULLPAL=0, SIZED1, SIZEVGA, SIZEQVGA, SIZESUBQVGA } VideoSize; typedef enum { STOPPED = 1, RUNNING = 2, UNINITIALIZED = -1, UNKNOWNSTATE = -2 } CapState; class IDVP7010BDLL { public: int AdvDVP_CreateSDKInstence(void **pp); virtual int AdvDVP_InitSDK() PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_CloseSDK() PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetNoOfDevices(int *pNoOfDevs) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_Start(int nDevNum, int SwitchingChans, HWND Main, HWND hwndPreview) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_Stop(int nDevNum) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetCapState(int nDevNum) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_IsVideoPresent(int nDevNum, BOOL* VPresent) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetCurFrameBuffer(int nDevNum, int VMux, long* bufSize, BYTE* buf) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetNewFrameCallback(int nDevNum, int callback) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetVideoFormat(int nDevNum, AnalogVideoFormat* vFormat) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetVideoFormat(int nDevNum, AnalogVideoFormat vFormat) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetFrameRate(int nDevNum, int *nFrameRate) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetFrameRate(int nDevNum, int SwitchingChans, int nFrameRate) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetResolution(int nDevNum, VideoSize *Size) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetResolution(int nDevNum, VideoSize Size) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetVideoInput(int nDevNum, int* input) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetVideoInput(int nDevNum, int input) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetBrightness(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetBrightness(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetContrast(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetContrast(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetHue(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetHue(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GetSaturation(int nDevNum, int input, long *pnValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_SetSaturation(int nDevNum, int input, long nValue) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GPIOGetData(int nDevNum, int DINum, BOOL* value) PURE; virtual int AdvDVP_GPIOSetData(int nDevNum, int DONum, BOOL value) PURE; }; /////////////////// delphi /////////////////////////////////////// unit IDVP7010BDLL_h; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes; //{$if _MSC_VER 1000} //pragma once //{$endif} // _MSC_VER 1000 {$ifdef DVP7010BDLL_EXPORTS} //const DVP7010BDLL_API = __declspec(dllexport); {$else} //const DVP7010BDLL_API = __declspec(dllimport); {$endif} const MAXDEVS = 4; MAXMUXS = 4; ID_NEW_FRAME = 37810; ID_MUX0_NEW_FRAME = 37800; ID_MUX1_NEW_FRAME = 37801; ID_MUX2_NEW_FRAME = 37802; ID_MUX3_NEW_FRAME = 37803; // TRec SUCCEEDED = 1; FAILED = 0; SDKINITFAILED = -1; PARAMERROR = -2; NODEVICES = -3; NOSAMPLE = -4; DEVICENUMERROR = -5; INPUTERROR = -6; // TRec // TAnalogVideoFormat Video_None = $00000000; Video_NTSC_M = $00000001; Video_NTSC_M_J = $00000002; Video_PAL_B = $00000010; Video_PAL_M = $00000200; Video_PAL_N = $00000400; Video_SECAM_B = $00001000; // TAnalogVideoFormat // TCapState STOPPED = 1; RUNNING = 2; UNINITIALIZED = -1; UNKNOWNSTATE = -2; // TCapState type TCapState = Longint; TRes = Longint; TtagAnalogVideoFormat = DWORD; TAnalogVideoFormat = TtagAnalogVideoFormat; PAnalogVideoFormat = ^TAnalogVideoFormat; TVideoSize = ( SIZEFULLPAL, SIZED1, SIZEVGA, SIZEQVGA, SIZESUBQVGA); PVideoSize = ^TVideoSize; P_Pointer = ^Pointer; TIDVP7010BDLL = class function AdvDVP_CreateSDKInstence(pp: P_Pointer): integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_InitSDK():Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_CloseSDK():Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetNoOfDevices(pNoOfDevs : PInteger) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_Start(nDevNum : Integer; SwitchingChans : Integer; Main : HWND; hwndPreview: HWND ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_Stop(nDevNum : Integer ):Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetCapState(nDevNum : Integer ):Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_IsVideoPresent(nDevNum : Integer; VPresent : PBool) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetCurFrameBuffer(nDevNum : Integer; VMux : Integer; bufSize : PLongInt; buf : PByte) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetNewFrameCallback(nDevNum : Integer; callback : Integer ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetVideoFormat(nDevNum : Integer; vFormat : PAnalogVideoFormat) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetVideoFormat(nDevNum : Integer; vFormat : TAnalogVideoFormat ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetFrameRate(nDevNum : Integer; nFrameRate : Integer) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetFrameRate(nDevNum : Integer; SwitchingChans : Integer; nFrameRate : Integer) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetResolution(nDevNum : Integer; Size : PVideoSize) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetResolution(nDevNum : Integer; Size : TVideoSize ) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetVideoInput(nDevNum : Integer; input : PInteger) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetVideoInput(nDevNum : Integer; input : Integer) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetBrightness(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetBrightness(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetContrast(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetContrast(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetHue(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetHue(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GetSaturation(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; pnValue : PLongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_SetSaturation(nDevNum : Integer; input: Integer; nValue : LongInt) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GPIOGetData(nDevNum : Integer; DINum:Integer; value : PBool) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; function AdvDVP_GPIOSetData(nDevNum : Integer; DONum:Integer; value : Boolean) :Integer; virtual; stdcall; abstract; end; function IDVP7010BDLL : TIDVP7010BDLL ; stdcall; implementation function IDVP7010BDLL; external 'DVP7010B.dll'; end.

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• Steganography Experiment - Trouble hiding message bits in DCT coefficients

  - by JohnHankinson

  I have an application requiring me to be able to embed loss-less data into an image. As such I've been experimenting with steganography, specifically via modification of DCT coefficients as the method I select, apart from being loss-less must also be relatively resilient against format conversion, scaling/DSP etc. From the research I've done thus far this method seems to be the best candidate. I've seen a number of papers on the subject which all seem to neglect specific details (some neglect to mention modification of 0 coefficients, or modification of AC coefficient etc). After combining the findings and making a few modifications of my own which include: 1) Using a more quantized version of the DCT matrix to ensure we only modify coefficients that would still be present should the image be JPEG'ed further or processed (I'm using this in place of simply following a zig-zag pattern). 2) I'm modifying bit 4 instead of the LSB and then based on what the original bit value was adjusting the lower bits to minimize the difference. 3) I'm only modifying the blue channel as it should be the least visible. This process must modify the actual image and not the DCT values stored in file (like jsteg) as there is no guarantee the file will be a JPEG, it may also be opened and re-saved at a later stage in a different format. For added robustness I've included the message multiple times and use the bits that occur most often, I had considered using a QR code as the message data or simply applying the reed-solomon error correction, but for this simple application and given that the "message" in question is usually going to be between 10-32 bytes I have plenty of room to repeat it which should provide sufficient redundancy to recover the true bits. No matter what I do I don't seem to be able to recover the bits at the decode stage. I've tried including / excluding various checks (even if it degrades image quality for the time being). I've tried using fixed point vs. double arithmetic, moving the bit to encode, I suspect that the message bits are being lost during the IDCT back to image. Any thoughts or suggestions on how to get this working would be hugely appreciated. (PS I am aware that the actual DCT/IDCT could be optimized from it's naive On4 operation using row column algorithm, or an FDCT like AAN, but for now it just needs to work :) ) Reference Papers: http://www.lokminglui.com/dct.pdf http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1006/1006.1186.pdf Code for the Encode/Decode process in C# below: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Drawing; namespace ImageKey { public class Encoder { public const int HIDE_BIT_POS = 3; // use bit position 4 (1 << 3). public const int HIDE_COUNT = 16; // Number of times to repeat the message to avoid error. // JPEG Standard Quantization Matrix. // (to get higher quality multiply by (100-quality)/50 .. // for lower than 50 multiply by 50/quality. Then round to integers and clip to ensure only positive integers. public static double[] Q = {16,11,10,16,24,40,51,61, 12,12,14,19,26,58,60,55, 14,13,16,24,40,57,69,56, 14,17,22,29,51,87,80,62, 18,22,37,56,68,109,103,77, 24,35,55,64,81,104,113,92, 49,64,78,87,103,121,120,101, 72,92,95,98,112,100,103,99}; // Maximum qauality quantization matrix (if all 1's doesn't modify coefficients at all). public static double[] Q2 = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}; public static Bitmap Encode(Bitmap b, string key) { Bitmap response = new Bitmap(b.Width, b.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); uint imgWidth = ((uint)b.Width) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable X resolution (divisible by 8). uint imgHeight = ((uint)b.Height) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable Y resolution (divisible by 8). // Start be transferring the unmodified image portions. // As we'll be using slightly less width/height for the encoding process we'll need the edges to be populated. for (int y = 0; y < b.Height; y++) for (int x = 0; x < b.Width; x++) { if( (x >= imgWidth && x < b.Width) || (y>=imgHeight && y < b.Height)) response.SetPixel(x, y, b.GetPixel(x, y)); } // Setup the counters and byte data for the message to encode. StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i=0;i<HIDE_COUNT;i++) sb.Append(key); byte[] codeBytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sb.ToString()); int bitofs = 0; // Current bit position we've encoded too. int totalBits = (codeBytes.Length * 8); // Total number of bits to encode. for (int y = 0; y < imgHeight; y += 8) { for (int x = 0; x < imgWidth; x += 8) { int[] redData = GetRedChannelData(b, x, y); int[] greenData = GetGreenChannelData(b, x, y); int[] blueData = GetBlueChannelData(b, x, y); int[] newRedData; int[] newGreenData; int[] newBlueData; if (bitofs < totalBits) { double[] redDCT = DCT(ref redData); double[] greenDCT = DCT(ref greenData); double[] blueDCT = DCT(ref blueData); int[] redDCTI = Quantize(ref redDCT, ref Q2); int[] greenDCTI = Quantize(ref greenDCT, ref Q2); int[] blueDCTI = Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Q2); int[] blueDCTC = Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Q); HideBits(ref blueDCTI, ref blueDCTC, ref bitofs, ref totalBits, ref codeBytes); double[] redDCT2 = DeQuantize(ref redDCTI, ref Q2); double[] greenDCT2 = DeQuantize(ref greenDCTI, ref Q2); double[] blueDCT2 = DeQuantize(ref blueDCTI, ref Q2); newRedData = IDCT(ref redDCT2); newGreenData = IDCT(ref greenDCT2); newBlueData = IDCT(ref blueDCT2); } else { newRedData = redData; newGreenData = greenData; newBlueData = blueData; } MapToRGBRange(ref newRedData); MapToRGBRange(ref newGreenData); MapToRGBRange(ref newBlueData); for(int dy=0;dy<8;dy++) { for(int dx=0;dx<8;dx++) { int col = (0xff<<24) + (newRedData[dx+(dy*8)]<<16) + (newGreenData[dx+(dy*8)]<<8) + (newBlueData[dx+(dy*8)]); response.SetPixel(x+dx,y+dy,Color.FromArgb(col)); } } } } if (bitofs < totalBits) throw new Exception("Failed to encode data - insufficient cover image coefficients"); return (response); } public static void HideBits(ref int[] DCTMatrix, ref int[] CMatrix, ref int bitofs, ref int totalBits, ref byte[] codeBytes) { int tempValue = 0; for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { if ( (u != 0 || v != 0) && CMatrix[v+(u*8)] != 0 && DCTMatrix[v+(u*8)] != 0) { if (bitofs < totalBits) { tempValue = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)]; int bytePos = (bitofs) >> 3; int bitPos = (bitofs) % 8; byte mask = (byte)(1 << bitPos); byte value = (byte)((codeBytes[bytePos] & mask) >> bitPos); // 0 or 1. if (value == 0) { int a = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] & (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); if (a != 0) DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] |= (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS) - 1; DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] &= ~(1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); } else if (value == 1) { int a = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] & (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); if (a == 0) DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] &= ~((1 << HIDE_BIT_POS) - 1); DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] |= (1 << HIDE_BIT_POS); } if (DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] != 0) bitofs++; else DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] = tempValue; } } } } } public static void MapToRGBRange(ref int[] data) { for(int i=0;i<data.Length;i++) { data[i] += 128; if(data[i] < 0) data[i] = 0; else if(data[i] > 255) data[i] = 255; } } public static int[] GetRedChannelData(Bitmap b, int sx, int sy) { int[] data = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = sy; y < (sy + 8); y++) { for (int x = sx; x < (sx + 8); x++) { uint col = (uint)b.GetPixel(x,y).ToArgb(); data[(x - sx) + ((y - sy) * 8)] = (int)((col >> 16) & 0xff) - 128; } } return (data); } public static int[] GetGreenChannelData(Bitmap b, int sx, int sy) { int[] data = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = sy; y < (sy + 8); y++) { for (int x = sx; x < (sx + 8); x++) { uint col = (uint)b.GetPixel(x, y).ToArgb(); data[(x - sx) + ((y - sy) * 8)] = (int)((col >> 8) & 0xff) - 128; } } return (data); } public static int[] GetBlueChannelData(Bitmap b, int sx, int sy) { int[] data = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = sy; y < (sy + 8); y++) { for (int x = sx; x < (sx + 8); x++) { uint col = (uint)b.GetPixel(x, y).ToArgb(); data[(x - sx) + ((y - sy) * 8)] = (int)((col >> 0) & 0xff) - 128; } } return (data); } public static int[] Quantize(ref double[] DCTMatrix, ref double[] Q) { int[] DCTMatrixOut = new int[8*8]; for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { DCTMatrixOut[v + (u * 8)] = (int)Math.Round(DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] / Q[v + (u * 8)]); } } return(DCTMatrixOut); } public static double[] DeQuantize(ref int[] DCTMatrix, ref double[] Q) { double[] DCTMatrixOut = new double[8*8]; for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { DCTMatrixOut[v + (u * 8)] = (double)DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] * Q[v + (u * 8)]; } } return(DCTMatrixOut); } public static double[] DCT(ref int[] data) { double[] DCTMatrix = new double[8 * 8]; for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { double cu = 1; if (u == 0) cu = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double cv = 1; if (v == 0) cv = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double sum = 0.0; for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) { double s = data[x + (y * 8)]; double dctVal = Math.Cos((2 * y + 1) * v * Math.PI / 16) * Math.Cos((2 * x + 1) * u * Math.PI / 16); sum += s * dctVal; } } DCTMatrix[u + (v * 8)] = (0.25 * cu * cv * sum); } } return (DCTMatrix); } public static int[] IDCT(ref double[] DCTMatrix) { int[] Matrix = new int[8 * 8]; for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) { double sum = 0; for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { double cu = 1; if (u == 0) cu = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double cv = 1; if (v == 0) cv = (1.0 / Math.Sqrt(2.0)); double idctVal = (cu * cv) / 4.0 * Math.Cos((2 * y + 1) * v * Math.PI / 16) * Math.Cos((2 * x + 1) * u * Math.PI / 16); sum += (DCTMatrix[u + (v * 8)] * idctVal); } } Matrix[x + (y * 8)] = (int)Math.Round(sum); } } return (Matrix); } } public class Decoder { public static string Decode(Bitmap b, int expectedLength) { expectedLength *= Encoder.HIDE_COUNT; uint imgWidth = ((uint)b.Width) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable X resolution (divisible by 8). uint imgHeight = ((uint)b.Height) & ~((uint)7); // Maximum usable Y resolution (divisible by 8). // Setup the counters and byte data for the message to decode. byte[] codeBytes = new byte[expectedLength]; byte[] outBytes = new byte[expectedLength / Encoder.HIDE_COUNT]; int bitofs = 0; // Current bit position we've decoded too. int totalBits = (codeBytes.Length * 8); // Total number of bits to decode. for (int y = 0; y < imgHeight; y += 8) { for (int x = 0; x < imgWidth; x += 8) { int[] blueData = ImageKey.Encoder.GetBlueChannelData(b, x, y); double[] blueDCT = ImageKey.Encoder.DCT(ref blueData); int[] blueDCTI = ImageKey.Encoder.Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Encoder.Q2); int[] blueDCTC = ImageKey.Encoder.Quantize(ref blueDCT, ref Encoder.Q); if (bitofs < totalBits) GetBits(ref blueDCTI, ref blueDCTC, ref bitofs, ref totalBits, ref codeBytes); } } bitofs = 0; for (int i = 0; i < (expectedLength / Encoder.HIDE_COUNT) * 8; i++) { int bytePos = (bitofs) >> 3; int bitPos = (bitofs) % 8; byte mask = (byte)(1 << bitPos); List<int> values = new List<int>(); int zeroCount = 0; int oneCount = 0; for (int j = 0; j < Encoder.HIDE_COUNT; j++) { int val = (codeBytes[bytePos + ((expectedLength / Encoder.HIDE_COUNT) * j)] & mask) >> bitPos; values.Add(val); if (val == 0) zeroCount++; else oneCount++; } if (oneCount >= zeroCount) outBytes[bytePos] |= mask; bitofs++; values.Clear(); } return (System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(outBytes)); } public static void GetBits(ref int[] DCTMatrix, ref int[] CMatrix, ref int bitofs, ref int totalBits, ref byte[] codeBytes) { for (int u = 0; u < 8; u++) { for (int v = 0; v < 8; v++) { if ((u != 0 || v != 0) && CMatrix[v + (u * 8)] != 0 && DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] != 0) { if (bitofs < totalBits) { int bytePos = (bitofs) >> 3; int bitPos = (bitofs) % 8; byte mask = (byte)(1 << bitPos); int value = DCTMatrix[v + (u * 8)] & (1 << Encoder.HIDE_BIT_POS); if (value != 0) codeBytes[bytePos] |= mask; bitofs++; } } } } } } } UPDATE: By switching to using a QR Code as the source message and swapping a pair of coefficients in each block instead of bit manipulation I've been able to get the message to survive the transform. However to get the message to come through without corruption I have to adjust both coefficients as well as swap them. For example swapping (3,4) and (4,3) in the DCT matrix and then respectively adding 8 and subtracting 8 as an arbitrary constant seems to work. This survives a re-JPEG'ing of 96 but any form of scaling/cropping destroys the message again. I was hoping that by operating on mid to low frequency values that the message would be preserved even under some light image manipulation.

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• convert an int to list of individual digitals more faster?

  - by user478514

  All, I want define an int(987654321) <= [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] convertor, if the length of int number < 9, for example 10 the list will be [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0] , and if the length 9, for example 9987654321 , the list will be [9, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] >>> i 987654321 >>> l [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] >>> z = [0]*(len(unit) - len(str(l))) >>> z.extend(l) >>> l = z >>> unit [100000000, 10000000, 1000000, 100000, 10000, 1000, 100, 10, 1] >>> sum([x*y for x,y in zip(l, unit)]) 987654321 >>> int("".join([str(x) for x in l])) 987654321 >>> l1 = [int(x) for x in str(i)] >>> z = [0]*(len(unit) - len(str(l1))) >>> z.extend(l1) >>> l1 = z >>> l1 [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] >>> a = [i//x for x in unit] >>> b = [a[x] - a[x-1]*10 for x in range(9)] >>> if len(b) = len(a): b[0] = a[0] # fix the a[-1] issue >>> b [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] I tested above solutions but found those may not faster/simple enough than I want and may have a length related bug inside, anyone may share me a better solution for this kinds convertion? Thanks!

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• How to handle array element between int and Integer

  - by masato-san

  First, it is long post so if you need clarification please let me know. I'm new to Java and having difficulty deciding whether I should use int[] or Integer[]. I wrote a function that find odd_number from int[] array. public int[] find_odd(int[] arr) { int[] result = new int[arr.length]; for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) { if(arr[i] % 2 != 0) { //System.out.println(arr[i]); result[i] = arr[i]; } } return result; } Then, when I pass the int[] array consisting of some integer like below: int[] myArray = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}; int[] result = find_odd(myArray); The array "result" contains: 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 3 Because in Java you have to define the size of array first, and empty int[] array element is 0 not null. So when I want to test the find_odd() function and expect the array to have odd numbers (which it does) only, it throws the error because the array also includes 0s representing "empty cell" as shown above. My test code: public void testFindOddPassValidIntArray() { int[] arr = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 3}; int[] result = findOddObj.find_odd(arr); //check if return array only contain odd number for(int i=0; i<result.length; i++) { if(result[i] != null) { assert is_odd(result[i]) : result[i]; } } } So, my question is should I use int[] array and add check for 0 element in my test like: if(result[i] != 0) { assert is_odd(result[i] : result[i] } But in this case, if find_odd() function is broken and returning 0 by miscalculation, I can't catch it because my test code would only assume that 0 is empty cell. OR should I use Integer[] array whose default is null? How do people deal with this kind of situation?

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• Can I access type int (*)[] with [][]?

  - by Framester

  Hi coming from this question "What does (int (*)[])var1 stand for?" I tried to access the result of the cast like a multidimensional array. But I get following error: "assignment from incompatible pointer type" followed by a segmentation fault. I tried also some other variations, but none of them worked. How can I access the elements in var1 in the function example directly? Thank you! #include <stdlib.h> int i(int n,int m,int var1[n][m]) { var1[0][0]=5; return var1[0][0]; } int example() { int *var1 = malloc(100); // works int var2; var2 = i(10,10,(int (*)[])var1); printf("var2=%i",var2); //doesn't work I int *var3; var3=(int (*)[])var1; //"assignment from incompatible pointer type" printf("var3[0][0]=%i",var3[0][0]); //doesn't work II int *var4; var4=var1; printf("var4[0][0]=%i",var4[0][0]); //" error: subscripted value is neither array nor pointer" //doesn't work III int **var5; var5=var1; printf("var5[0][0]=%i",var5[0][0]); // assignment from incompatible pointer type return(1); } int main(){ int a; a=example(); return(1); }

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• Manage and Monitor Identity Ranges in SQL Server Transactional Replication

  - by Yaniv Etrogi

  Problem When using transactional replication to replicate data in a one way topology from a publisher to a read-only subscriber(s) there is no need to manage identity ranges. However, when using  transactional replication to replicate data in a two way replication topology - between two or more servers there is a need to manage identity ranges in order to prevent a situation where an INSERT commands fails on a PRIMARY KEY violation error  due to the replicated row being inserted having a value for the identity column which already exists at the destination database. Solution There are two ways to address this situation: Assign a range of identity values per each server. Work with parallel identity values. The first method requires some maintenance while the second method does not and so the scripts provided with this article are very useful for anyone using the first method. I will explore this in more detail later in the article. In the first solution set server1 to work in the range of 1 to 1,000,000,000 and server2 to work in the range of 1,000,000,001 to 2,000,000,000.  The ranges are set and defined using the DBCC CHECKIDENT command and when the ranges in this example are well maintained you meet the goal of preventing the INSERT commands to fall due to a PRIMARY KEY violation. The first insert at server1 will get the identity value of 1, the second insert will get the value of 2 and so on while on server2 the first insert will get the identity value of 1000000001, the second insert 1000000002 and so on thus avoiding a conflict. Be aware that when a row is inserted the identity value (seed) is generated as part of the insert command at each server and the inserted row is replicated. The replicated row includes the identity column’s value so the data remains consistent across all servers but you will be able to tell on what server the original insert took place due the range that  the identity value belongs to. In the second solution you do not manage ranges but enforce a situation in which identity values can never get overlapped by setting the first identity value (seed) and the increment property one time only during the CREATE TABLE command of each table. So a table on server1 looks like this: CREATE TABLE T1 (  c1 int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1, 5) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ,c2 int NOT NULL ); And a table on server2 looks like this: CREATE TABLE T1(  c1 int NOT NULL IDENTITY(2, 5) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ,c2 int NOT NULL ); When these two tables are inserted the results of the identity values look like this: Server1:  1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26… Server2:  2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27… This assures no identity values conflicts while leaving a room for 3 additional servers to participate in this same environment. You can go up to 9 servers using this method by setting an increment value of 9 instead of 5 as I used in this example. Continues…

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• NSUIntever vs unsigned int when range is very small?

  - by Michael Matheus

  I have a variable, an unsigned int and it can only have the values of 0 - 30. What should I use, unsigned int or NSUInteger? (for both 32 and 64 bit)

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• Cocoa:NSUInteger vs unsigned int When the Range is Very Small?

  - by Michael Matheus

  I have an unsigned int variable and it can only have the values of 0 - 30. What should I use: unsigned int or NSUInteger? (for both 32 and 64 bit)

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• Converting an int to a binary string representation in Java?

  - by ttreat31

  What would be the best way (ideally, simplest) to convert an int to a binary string representation in Java? For example, say the int is 156. The binary string representation of this would be "10011100".

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• Using CompareTo() on different .NET types (e.g. int vs. double)

  - by Yossin

  Hi, I've got a static method that accepts two object type variables and runs the CompareTo() method: public static int Compare(Object objA, Object objB) { return (((IComparable)objA).CompareTo(objB)); } Problem is that CompareTo() throws an exception when trying to compare between different types (e.g. int and double). Does any one know of a better way in C#, to compare between two different types? Or a workaround to this problem? Thanks

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• Higher order function « filter » in C++

  - by Red Hyena

  Hi all. I wanted to write a higher order function filter with C++. The code I have come up with so far is as follows: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <functional> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <list> #include <iterator> using namespace std; bool isOdd(int const i) { return i % 2 != 0; } template < template <class, class> class Container, class Predicate, class Allocator, class A > Container<A, Allocator> filter(Container<A, Allocator> const & container, Predicate const & pred) { Container<A, Allocator> filtered(container); container.erase(remove_if(filtered.begin(), filtered.end(), pred), filtered.end()); return filtered; } int main() { int const a[] = {23, 12, 78, 21, 97, 64}; vector<int const> const v(a, a + 6); vector<int const> const filtered = filter(v, isOdd); copy(filtered.begin(), filtered.end(), ostream_iterator<int const>(cout, " ")); } However on compiling this code, I get the following error messages that I am unable to understand and hence get rid of: /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h: In instantiation of ‘__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<const int>’: /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/allocator.h:84: instantiated from ‘std::allocator<const int>’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:75: instantiated from ‘std::_Vector_base<const int, std::allocator<const int> >’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:176: instantiated from ‘std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> >’ Filter.cpp:29: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:82: error: ‘const _Tp* __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::address(const _Tp&) const [with _Tp = const int]’ cannot be overloaded /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:79: error: with ‘_Tp* __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::address(_Tp&) const [with _Tp = const int]’ Filter.cpp: In function ‘Container<A, Allocator> filter(const Container<A, Allocator>&, const Predicate&) [with Container = std::vector, Predicate = bool ()(int), Allocator = std::allocator<const int>, A = const int]’: Filter.cpp:30: instantiated from here Filter.cpp:23: error: passing ‘const std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> >’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> > std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::erase(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >) [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ discards qualifiers /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_FIter std::remove_if(_FIter, _FIter, _Predicate) [with _FIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >, _Predicate = bool (*)(int)]’: Filter.cpp:23: instantiated from ‘Container<A, Allocator> filter(const Container<A, Allocator>&, const Predicate&) [with Container = std::vector, Predicate = bool ()(int), Allocator = std::allocator<const int>, A = const int]’ Filter.cpp:30: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algo.h:821: error: assignment of read-only location ‘__result.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>::operator* [with _Iterator = const int*, _Container = std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> >]()’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h: In member function ‘void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::deallocate(_Tp*, size_t) [with _Tp = const int]’: /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:150: instantiated from ‘void std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_deallocate(_Tp*, size_t) [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:136: instantiated from ‘std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::~_Vector_base() [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:286: instantiated from ‘std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::vector(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, const _Alloc&) [with _InputIterator = const int*, _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ Filter.cpp:29: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:98: error: invalid conversion from ‘const void*’ to ‘void*’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:98: error: initializing argument 1 of ‘void operator delete(void*)’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h: In function ‘_OI std::__copy_move_a(_II, _II, _OI) [with bool _IsMove = false, _II = const int*, _OI = const int*]’: /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h:435: instantiated from ‘_OI std::__copy_move_a2(_II, _II, _OI) [with bool _IsMove = false, _II = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >, _OI = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h:466: instantiated from ‘_OI std::copy(_II, _II, _OI) [with _II = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >, _OI = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/vector.tcc:136: instantiated from ‘__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> > std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::erase(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >) [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ Filter.cpp:23: instantiated from ‘Container<A, Allocator> filter(const Container<A, Allocator>&, const Predicate&) [with Container = std::vector, Predicate = bool ()(int), Allocator = std::allocator<const int>, A = const int]’ Filter.cpp:30: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h:396: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::__copy_move<false, true, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::__copy_m(const int*&, const int*&, const int*&)’ Please tell me what I am doing wrong here and what is the correct way to achieve the kind of higher order polymorphism I want. Thanks.

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• MySQL Database Query Problem

  - by moustafa

  I need your help!!!. I need to query a table in my database that has record of goods sold. I want the query to detect a particular product and also calculate the quantity sold. The product are 300 now, but it would increase in the future. Below is a sample of my DB Table #---------------------------- # Table structure for litorder #---------------------------- CREATE TABLE `litorder` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL auto_increment, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `address` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `xdate` date NOT NULL default '0000-00-00', `ref` varchar(20) NOT NULL default '', `code1` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code2` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code3` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code4` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code5` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code6` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code7` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code8` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code9` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code10` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code11` varchar(50) character set latin1 collate latin1_bin NOT NULL default '', `code12` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code13` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code14` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `code15` varchar(50) NOT NULL default '', `product1` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product2` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product3` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product4` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product5` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product6` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product7` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product8` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product9` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product10` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product11` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product12` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product13` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product14` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `product15` varchar(100) NOT NULL default '0', `price1` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price2` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price3` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price4` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price5` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price6` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price7` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price8` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price9` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price10` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price11` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price12` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price13` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price14` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `price15` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity1` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity2` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity3` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity4` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity5` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity6` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity7` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity8` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity9` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity10` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity11` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity12` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity13` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity14` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `quantity15` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount1` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount2` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount3` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount4` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount5` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount6` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount7` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount8` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount9` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount10` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount11` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount12` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount13` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount14` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `amount15` int(10) NOT NULL default '0', `totalNaira` double(20,0) NOT NULL default '0', `totalDollar` int(20) NOT NULL default '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT='InnoDB free: 4096 kB; InnoDB free: 4096 kB; InnoDB free: 409'; #---------------------------- # Records for table litorder #---------------------------- insert into litorder values (27, 'Sanyaolu Fisayo', '14 Adegboyega Street Palmgrove Lagos', '2010-05-31', '', 'DL 001', 'DL 002', 'DL 003', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- ENGLISH', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- HAUSA', 'BEAUTY CD', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 800, 800, 3000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 16, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12800, 12800, 60000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '85600', 563), (28, 'Irenonse Esther', 'Lagos,Nigeria', '2010-06-01', '', 'DL 005', 'DL 008', 'FC 004', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'GET HEALTHY DVD', 'YOUR FUTURE DVD', 'FOREVER FACE CAP (YELLOW)', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 1000, 900, 2000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2000, 1800, 6000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '9800', 64), (29, 'Kalu Lekway', 'Lagos, Nigeria', '2010-06-01', '', 'DL 001', 'DL 003', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- ENGLISH', 'BEAUTY CD', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 800, 3000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2400, 18000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '20400', 133), (30, 'Dele', 'Ilupeju', '2010-06-02', '', 'DL 001', 'DL 003', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'AILMENT & PREVENTION DVD- ENGLISH', 'BEAUTY CD', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 800, 3000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8000, 30000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '38000', 250);

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• Why do UInt16 arrays seem to add faster than int arrays?

  - by scraimer

  It seems that C# is faster at adding two arrays of UInt16[] than it is at adding two arrays of int[]. This makes no sense to me, since I would have assumed the arrays would be word-aligned, and thus int[] would require less work from the CPU, no? I ran the test-code below, and got the following results: Int for 1000 took 9896625613 tick (4227 msec) UInt16 for 1000 took 6297688551 tick (2689 msec) The test code does the following: Creates two arrays named a and b, once. Fills them with random data, once. Starts a stopwatch. Adds a and b, item-by-item. This is done 1000 times. Stops the stopwatch. Reports how long it took. This is done for int[] a, b and for UInt16 a,b. And every time I run the code, the tests for the UInt16 arrays take 30%-50% less time than the int arrays. Can you explain this to me? Here's the code, if you want to try if for yourself: public static UInt16[] GenerateRandomDataUInt16(int length) { UInt16[] noise = new UInt16[length]; Random random = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks); for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { noise[i] = (UInt16)random.Next(); } return noise; } public static int[] GenerateRandomDataInt(int length) { int[] noise = new int[length]; Random random = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks); for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { noise[i] = (int)random.Next(); } return noise; } public static int[] AddInt(int[] a, int[] b) { int len = a.Length; int[] result = new int[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { result[i] = (int)(a[i] + b[i]); } return result; } public static UInt16[] AddUInt16(UInt16[] a, UInt16[] b) { int len = a.Length; UInt16[] result = new UInt16[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) { result[i] = (ushort)(a[i] + b[i]); } return result; } public static void Main() { int count = 1000; int len = 128 * 6000; int[] aInt = GenerateRandomDataInt(len); int[] bInt = GenerateRandomDataInt(len); Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch(); s.Start(); for (int i=0; i<count; ++i) { int[] resultInt = AddInt(aInt, bInt); } s.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("Int for " + count + " took " + s.ElapsedTicks + " tick (" + s.ElapsedMilliseconds + " msec)"); UInt16[] aUInt16 = GenerateRandomDataUInt16(len); UInt16[] bUInt16 = GenerateRandomDataUInt16(len); s = new Stopwatch(); s.Start(); for (int i=0; i<count; ++i) { UInt16[] resultUInt16 = AddUInt16(aUInt16, bUInt16); } s.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("UInt16 for " + count + " took " + s.ElapsedTicks + " tick (" + s.ElapsedMilliseconds + " msec)"); }

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• How to convert int to char in JSP expression language?

  - by james.bunt

  I need to display incremented single characters to denote footnotes in a table of data in a JSP. In Java I would normally have a char variable and just increment it, or convert an int to a char by casting it (e.g. (char)(i + 97) to convert a 0-based index to a-z). I can't figure out how to do this in expression language short of writing my own JSTL function. Does anyone know how to convert an int to char in EL? Or how to increment a char variable in EL? Or possibly even a better technique to do what I'm trying to do in JSP/EL? Example of what I need to be able to produce: a mydata b myotherdata ... a first footnote b second footnote

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• Java: how to initialize private final int value with if-else in constructor?

  - by HH

  $ javac InitInt.java InitInt.java:7: variable right might not have been initialized InitInt(){} ^ 1 error $ cat InitInt.java import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class InitInt { private final int right; InitInt(){} public static void main(String[] args) { // I don't want to assign any value. // just initialize it, how? InitInt test = new InitInt(); System.out.println(test.getRight()); // later assiging a value } public int getRight(){return right;} } Initialization problem with Constructor, due to if-else -loop InitInt{ // Still the error, "may not be initialized" // How to initialise it, without removing if-else? if(snippetBuilder.length()>(charwisePos+25)){ right=charwisePos+25; }else{ right=snippetBuilder.length()-1; } }

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• How to get the most common value in an Int array? (C#)

  - by mouthpiec

  How to get the most common value in an Int array using C# eg: Array has the following values: 1, 1, 1, 2 Ans should be 1

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• Conceal packet loss in PCM stream

  - by ZeroDefect

  I am looking to use 'Packet Loss Concealment' to conceal lost PCM frames in an audio stream. Unfortunately, I cannot find a library that is accessible without all the licensing restrictions and code bloat (...up for some suggestions though). I have located some GPL code written by Steve Underwood for the Asterisk project which implements PLC. There are several limitations; although, as Steve suggests in his code, his algorithm can be applied to different streams with a bit of work. Currently, the code works with 8kHz 16-bit signed mono streams. Variations of the code can be found through a simple search of Google Code Search. My hope is that I can adapt the code to work with other streams. Initially, the goal is to adjust the algorithm for 8+ kHz, 16-bit signed, multichannel audio (all in a C++ environment). Eventually, I'm looking to make the code available under the GPL license in hopes that it could be of benefit to others... Attached is the code below with my efforts. The code includes a main function that will "drop" a number of frames with a given probability. Unfortunately, the code does not quite work as expected. I'm receiving EXC_BAD_ACCESS when running in gdb, but I don't get a trace from gdb when using 'bt' command. Clearly, I'm trampimg on memory some where but not sure exactly where. When I comment out the *amdf_pitch* function, the code runs without crashing... int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { std::ifstream fin("C:\\cc32kHz.pcm"); if(!fin.is_open()) { std::cout << "Failed to open input file" << std::endl; return 1; } std::ofstream fout_repaired("C:\\cc32kHz_repaired.pcm"); if(!fout_repaired.is_open()) { std::cout << "Failed to open output repaired file" << std::endl; return 1; } std::ofstream fout_lossy("C:\\cc32kHz_lossy.pcm"); if(!fout_lossy.is_open()) { std::cout << "Failed to open output repaired file" << std::endl; return 1; } audio::PcmConcealer Concealer; Concealer.Init(1, 16, 32000); //Generate random numbers; srand( time(NULL) ); int value = 0; int probability = 5; while(!fin.eof()) { char arr[2]; fin.read(arr, 2); //Generate's random number; value = rand() % 100 + 1; if(value <= probability) { char blank[2] = {0x00, 0x00}; fout_lossy.write(blank, 2); //Fill in data; Concealer.Fill((int16_t *)blank, 1); fout_repaired.write(blank, 2); } else { //Write data to file; fout_repaired.write(arr, 2); fout_lossy.write(arr, 2); Concealer.Receive((int16_t *)arr, 1); } } fin.close(); fout_repaired.close(); fout_lossy.close(); return 0; } PcmConcealer.hpp /* * Code adapted from Steve Underwood of the Asterisk Project. This code inherits * the same licensing restrictions as the Asterisk Project. */ #ifndef __PCMCONCEALER_HPP__ #define __PCMCONCEALER_HPP__ /** 1. What does it do? The packet loss concealment module provides a suitable synthetic fill-in signal, to minimise the audible effect of lost packets in VoIP applications. It is not tied to any particular codec, and could be used with almost any codec which does not specify its own procedure for packet loss concealment. Where a codec specific concealment procedure exists, the algorithm is usually built around knowledge of the characteristics of the particular codec. It will, therefore, generally give better results for that particular codec than this generic concealer will. 2. How does it work? While good packets are being received, the plc_rx() routine keeps a record of the trailing section of the known speech signal. If a packet is missed, plc_fillin() is called to produce a synthetic replacement for the real speech signal. The average mean difference function (AMDF) is applied to the last known good signal, to determine its effective pitch. Based on this, the last pitch period of signal is saved. Essentially, this cycle of speech will be repeated over and over until the real speech resumes. However, several refinements are needed to obtain smooth pleasant sounding results. - The two ends of the stored cycle of speech will not always fit together smoothly. This can cause roughness, or even clicks, at the joins between cycles. To soften this, the 1/4 pitch period of real speech preceeding the cycle to be repeated is blended with the last 1/4 pitch period of the cycle to be repeated, using an overlap-add (OLA) technique (i.e. in total, the last 5/4 pitch periods of real speech are used). - The start of the synthetic speech will not always fit together smoothly with the tail of real speech passed on before the erasure was identified. Ideally, we would like to modify the last 1/4 pitch period of the real speech, to blend it into the synthetic speech. However, it is too late for that. We could have delayed the real speech a little, but that would require more buffer manipulation, and hurt the efficiency of the no-lost-packets case (which we hope is the dominant case). Instead we use a degenerate form of OLA to modify the start of the synthetic data. The last 1/4 pitch period of real speech is time reversed, and OLA is used to blend it with the first 1/4 pitch period of synthetic speech. The result seems quite acceptable. - As we progress into the erasure, the chances of the synthetic signal being anything like correct steadily fall. Therefore, the volume of the synthesized signal is made to decay linearly, such that after 50ms of missing audio it is reduced to silence. - When real speech resumes, an extra 1/4 pitch period of sythetic speech is blended with the start of the real speech. If the erasure is small, this smoothes the transition. If the erasure is long, and the synthetic signal has faded to zero, the blending softens the start up of the real signal, avoiding a kind of "click" or "pop" effect that might occur with a sudden onset. 3. How do I use it? Before audio is processed, call plc_init() to create an instance of the packet loss concealer. For each received audio packet that is acceptable (i.e. not including those being dropped for being too late) call plc_rx() to record the content of the packet. Note this may modify the packet a little after a period of packet loss, to blend real synthetic data smoothly. When a real packet is not available in time, call plc_fillin() to create a sythetic substitute. That's it! */ /*! Minimum allowed pitch (66 Hz) */ #define PLC_PITCH_MIN(SAMPLE_RATE) ((double)(SAMPLE_RATE) / 66.6) /*! Maximum allowed pitch (200 Hz) */ #define PLC_PITCH_MAX(SAMPLE_RATE) ((SAMPLE_RATE) / 200) /*! Maximum pitch OLA window */ //#define PLC_PITCH_OVERLAP_MAX(SAMPLE_RATE) ((PLC_PITCH_MIN(SAMPLE_RATE)) >> 2) /*! The length over which the AMDF function looks for similarity (20 ms) */ #define CORRELATION_SPAN(SAMPLE_RATE) ((20 * (SAMPLE_RATE)) / 1000) /*! History buffer length. The buffer must also be at leat 1.25 times PLC_PITCH_MIN, but that is much smaller than the buffer needs to be for the pitch assessment. */ //#define PLC_HISTORY_LEN(SAMPLE_RATE) ((CORRELATION_SPAN(SAMPLE_RATE)) + (PLC_PITCH_MIN(SAMPLE_RATE))) namespace audio { typedef struct { /*! Consecutive erased samples */ int missing_samples; /*! Current offset into pitch period */ int pitch_offset; /*! Pitch estimate */ int pitch; /*! Buffer for a cycle of speech */ float *pitchbuf;//[PLC_PITCH_MIN]; /*! History buffer */ short *history;//[PLC_HISTORY_LEN]; /*! Current pointer into the history buffer */ int buf_ptr; } plc_state_t; class PcmConcealer { public: PcmConcealer(); ~PcmConcealer(); void Init(int channels, int bit_depth, int sample_rate); //Process a block of received audio samples. int Receive(short amp[], int frames); //Fill-in a block of missing audio samples. int Fill(short amp[], int frames); void Destroy(); private: int amdf_pitch(int min_pitch, int max_pitch, short amp[], int channel_index, int frames); void save_history(plc_state_t *s, short *buf, int channel_index, int frames); void normalise_history(plc_state_t *s); /** Holds the states of each of the channels **/ std::vector< plc_state_t * > ChannelStates; int plc_pitch_min; int plc_pitch_max; int plc_pitch_overlap_max; int correlation_span; int plc_history_len; int channel_count; int sample_rate; bool Initialized; }; } #endif PcmConcealer.cpp /* * Code adapted from Steve Underwood of the Asterisk Project. This code inherits * the same licensing restrictions as the Asterisk Project. */ #include "audio/PcmConcealer.hpp" /* We do a straight line fade to zero volume in 50ms when we are filling in for missing data. */ #define ATTENUATION_INCREMENT 0.0025 /* Attenuation per sample */ #if !defined(INT16_MAX) #define INT16_MAX (32767) #define INT16_MIN (-32767-1) #endif #ifdef WIN32 inline double rint(double x) { return floor(x + 0.5); } #endif inline short fsaturate(double damp) { if (damp > 32767.0) return INT16_MAX; if (damp < -32768.0) return INT16_MIN; return (short)rint(damp); } namespace audio { PcmConcealer::PcmConcealer() : Initialized(false) { } PcmConcealer::~PcmConcealer() { Destroy(); } void PcmConcealer::Init(int channels, int bit_depth, int sample_rate) { if(Initialized) return; if(channels <= 0 || bit_depth != 16) return; Initialized = true; channel_count = channels; this->sample_rate = sample_rate; ////////////// double min = PLC_PITCH_MIN(sample_rate); int imin = (int)min; double max = PLC_PITCH_MAX(sample_rate); int imax = (int)max; plc_pitch_min = imin; plc_pitch_max = imax; plc_pitch_overlap_max = (plc_pitch_min >> 2); correlation_span = CORRELATION_SPAN(sample_rate); plc_history_len = correlation_span + plc_pitch_min; ////////////// for(int i = 0; i < channel_count; i ++) { plc_state_t *t = new plc_state_t; memset(t, 0, sizeof(plc_state_t)); t->pitchbuf = new float[plc_pitch_min]; t->history = new short[plc_history_len]; ChannelStates.push_back(t); } } void PcmConcealer::Destroy() { if(!Initialized) return; while(ChannelStates.size()) { plc_state_t *s = ChannelStates.at(0); if(s) { if(s->history) delete s->history; if(s->pitchbuf) delete s->pitchbuf; memset(s, 0, sizeof(plc_state_t)); delete s; } ChannelStates.erase(ChannelStates.begin()); } ChannelStates.clear(); Initialized = false; } //Process a block of received audio samples. int PcmConcealer::Receive(short amp[], int frames) { if(!Initialized) return 0; int j = 0; for(int k = 0; k < ChannelStates.size(); k++) { int i; int overlap_len; int pitch_overlap; float old_step; float new_step; float old_weight; float new_weight; float gain; plc_state_t *s = ChannelStates.at(k); if (s->missing_samples) { /* Although we have a real signal, we need to smooth it to fit well with the synthetic signal we used for the previous block */ /* The start of the real data is overlapped with the next 1/4 cycle of the synthetic data. */ pitch_overlap = s->pitch >> 2; if (pitch_overlap > frames) pitch_overlap = frames; gain = 1.0 - s->missing_samples * ATTENUATION_INCREMENT; if (gain < 0.0) gain = 0.0; new_step = 1.0/pitch_overlap; old_step = new_step*gain; new_weight = new_step; old_weight = (1.0 - new_step)*gain; for (i = 0; i < pitch_overlap; i++) { int index = (i * channel_count) + j; amp[index] = fsaturate(old_weight * s->pitchbuf[s->pitch_offset] + new_weight * amp[index]); if (++s->pitch_offset >= s->pitch) s->pitch_offset = 0; new_weight += new_step; old_weight -= old_step; if (old_weight < 0.0) old_weight = 0.0; } s->missing_samples = 0; } save_history(s, amp, j, frames); j++; } return frames; } //Fill-in a block of missing audio samples. int PcmConcealer::Fill(short amp[], int frames) { if(!Initialized) return 0; int j =0; for(int k = 0; k < ChannelStates.size(); k++) { short *tmp = new short[plc_pitch_overlap_max]; int i; int pitch_overlap; float old_step; float new_step; float old_weight; float new_weight; float gain; short *orig_amp; int orig_len; orig_amp = amp; orig_len = frames; plc_state_t *s = ChannelStates.at(k); if (s->missing_samples == 0) { // As the gap in real speech starts we need to assess the last known pitch, //and prepare the synthetic data we will use for fill-in normalise_history(s); s->pitch = amdf_pitch(plc_pitch_min, plc_pitch_max, s->history + plc_history_len - correlation_span - plc_pitch_min, j, correlation_span); // We overlap a 1/4 wavelength pitch_overlap = s->pitch >> 2; // Cook up a single cycle of pitch, using a single of the real signal with 1/4 //cycle OLA'ed to make the ends join up nicely // The first 3/4 of the cycle is a simple copy for (i = 0; i < s->pitch - pitch_overlap; i++) s->pitchbuf[i] = s->history[plc_history_len - s->pitch + i]; // The last 1/4 of the cycle is overlapped with the end of the previous cycle new_step = 1.0/pitch_overlap; new_weight = new_step; for ( ; i < s->pitch; i++) { s->pitchbuf[i] = s->history[plc_history_len - s->pitch + i]*(1.0 - new_weight) + s->history[plc_history_len - 2*s->pitch + i]*new_weight; new_weight += new_step; } // We should now be ready to fill in the gap with repeated, decaying cycles // of what is in pitchbuf // We need to OLA the first 1/4 wavelength of the synthetic data, to smooth // it into the previous real data. To avoid the need to introduce a delay // in the stream, reverse the last 1/4 wavelength, and OLA with that. gain = 1.0; new_step = 1.0/pitch_overlap; old_step = new_step; new_weight = new_step; old_weight = 1.0 - new_step; for (i = 0; i < pitch_overlap; i++) { int index = (i * channel_count) + j; amp[index] = fsaturate(old_weight * s->history[plc_history_len - 1 - i] + new_weight * s->pitchbuf[i]); new_weight += new_step; old_weight -= old_step; if (old_weight < 0.0) old_weight = 0.0; } s->pitch_offset = i; } else { gain = 1.0 - s->missing_samples*ATTENUATION_INCREMENT; i = 0; } for ( ; gain > 0.0 && i < frames; i++) { int index = (i * channel_count) + j; amp[index] = s->pitchbuf[s->pitch_offset]*gain; gain -= ATTENUATION_INCREMENT; if (++s->pitch_offset >= s->pitch) s->pitch_offset = 0; } for ( ; i < frames; i++) { int index = (i * channel_count) + j; amp[i] = 0; } s->missing_samples += orig_len; save_history(s, amp, j, frames); delete [] tmp; j++; } return frames; } void PcmConcealer::save_history(plc_state_t *s, short *buf, int channel_index, int frames) { if (frames >= plc_history_len) { /* Just keep the last part of the new data, starting at the beginning of the buffer */ //memcpy(s->history, buf + len - plc_history_len, sizeof(short)*plc_history_len); int frames_to_copy = plc_history_len; for(int i = 0; i < frames_to_copy; i ++) { int index = (channel_count * (i + frames - plc_history_len)) + channel_index; s->history[i] = buf[index]; } s->buf_ptr = 0; return; } if (s->buf_ptr + frames > plc_history_len) { /* Wraps around - must break into two sections */ //memcpy(s->history + s->buf_ptr, buf, sizeof(short)*(plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr)); short *hist_ptr = s->history + s->buf_ptr; int frames_to_copy = plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr; for(int i = 0; i < frames_to_copy; i ++) { int index = (channel_count * i) + channel_index; hist_ptr[i] = buf[index]; } frames -= (plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr); //memcpy(s->history, buf + (plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr), sizeof(short)*len); frames_to_copy = frames; for(int i = 0; i < frames_to_copy; i ++) { int index = (channel_count * (i + (plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr))) + channel_index; s->history[i] = buf[index]; } s->buf_ptr = frames; return; } /* Can use just one section */ //memcpy(s->history + s->buf_ptr, buf, sizeof(short)*len); short *hist_ptr = s->history + s->buf_ptr; int frames_to_copy = frames; for(int i = 0; i < frames_to_copy; i ++) { int index = (channel_count * i) + channel_index; hist_ptr[i] = buf[index]; } s->buf_ptr += frames; } void PcmConcealer::normalise_history(plc_state_t *s) { short *tmp = new short[plc_history_len]; if (s->buf_ptr == 0) return; memcpy(tmp, s->history, sizeof(short)*s->buf_ptr); memcpy(s->history, s->history + s->buf_ptr, sizeof(short)*(plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr)); memcpy(s->history + plc_history_len - s->buf_ptr, tmp, sizeof(short)*s->buf_ptr); s->buf_ptr = 0; delete [] tmp; } int PcmConcealer::amdf_pitch(int min_pitch, int max_pitch, short amp[], int channel_index, int frames) { int i; int j; int acc; int min_acc; int pitch; pitch = min_pitch; min_acc = INT_MAX; for (i = max_pitch; i <= min_pitch; i++) { acc = 0; for (j = 0; j < frames; j++) { int index1 = (channel_count * (i+j)) + channel_index; int index2 = (channel_count * j) + channel_index; //std::cout << "Index 1: " << index1 << ", Index 2: " << index2 << std::endl; acc += abs(amp[index1] - amp[index2]); } if (acc < min_acc) { min_acc = acc; pitch = i; } } std::cout << "Pitch: " << pitch << std::endl; return pitch; } } P.S. - I must confess that digital audio is not my forte...

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• What exactly are those data types int 16, int 32 and int 64 on the iPhone, in Core Data?

  - by mystify

  The Xcode data modeler shows me those three different int data types. When I would write code, which data types do these really correspond to on the iPhone? Are they all simply NSInteger, wrapped in an NSNumber? As far as I see it, NSNumber only differentiates between int an NSInteger... so I guess those three end up beeing pretty much the same?

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• Meaning of int(0) in int *pi = new int(0); ?

  - by understack

  int *pi = new int(0); What's the significance of 0 here? Does it mean integer array of length 0?

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• SQL SERVER – GUID vs INT – Your Opinion

  - by pinaldave

  I think the title is clear what I am going to write in your post. This is age old problem and I want to compile the list stating advantages and disadvantages of using GUID and INT as a Primary Key or Clustered Index or Both (the usual case). Let me start a list by suggesting one advantage and one disadvantage in each case. INT Advantage: Numeric values (and specifically integers) are better for performance when used in joins, indexes and conditions. Numeric values are easier to understand for application users if they are displayed. Disadvantage: If your table is large, it is quite possible it will run out of it and after some numeric value there will be no additional identity to use. GUID Advantage: Unique across the server. Disadvantage: String values are not as optimal as integer values for performance when used in joins, indexes and conditions. More storage space is required than INT. Please note that I am looking to create list of all the generic comparisons. There can be special cases where the stated information is incorrect, feel free to comment on the same. Please leave your opinion and advice in comment section. I will combine a final list and update this blog after a week. By listing your name in post, I will also give due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Constraint and Keys, SQL Data Storage, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Technology

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• how to convert int to byte in objective-C?

  - by suse

  Hello, I've a int value which needs to be converted into byte array. How to achieve it in objective-c? which method supports to do this? Thank you,

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• In Java why would one intialise an int variable with 0 when it will be assigned 0 only by default wh

  - by happysoul

  What purpose does it serve ? Just read an example in a book where the author has done so. int numOfGuesses=0;

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• How do you add an int to a string in C++?

  - by Wawa

  int i = 4; string text = "Player "; cout << (text + i); I'd like it to cout "Player 4" ^ The above is obviously wrong but it shows what I'm trying to do here. Is there an easy way to do this or do I have to start adding new includes?

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• Apparently it's important to use Int32 instead of int when messing with DLLImport stuff?

  - by Rudi

  In C#, when messing with that system DLLImport/(unmanaged?) code stuff, I read somewhere it's important to use Int32 exact type instead of int. Is this true? And can someone please elaborate on why it's important to do this?

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