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  • C int, float, double

    - by anon
    There are certain int values that a float can not represent. However, can a double represent all values a float can represent? (My intuition says yes, since double has more fractional bits & more exponent bits, but there might be some silly gotchas that I'm missing). Thanks!

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  • Pros and cons of ways of storing an unsigned int without an unsigned int data type

    - by fields
    I have values that are 64-bit unsigned ints, and I need to store them in mongodb, which has no unsigned int type. I see three main possibilities for storing them in other field types, and converting on going in and out: Using a signed int is probably easiest and most space efficient, but has the disadvantage that they're not human readable and if someone forgets to do the conversion, some of them will work, which may obscure errors. Raw binary is probably most difficult for inexperienced programmers to deal with, and also suffers from non-human-readability. A string representation is the least space efficient (~40 bytes in unicode vs 8 bytes per field), but then at least all of the possible values will map properly, and for querying only a conversion to string is required instead of a more complicated conversion. I need these values to be available from different platforms, so a single driver-specific solution isn't an option. Any major pros and cons I've missed? Which one would you use?

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  • int vs const int&

    - by Valdo
    I've noticed that I usually use constant references as return values or arguments. I think the reason is that it works almost the same as using non-reference in the code. But it definitely takes more space and function declarations become longer. I'm OK with such code but I think some people my find it a bad programming style. What do you think? Is it worth writing const int& over int? I think it's optimized by the compiler anyway, so maybe I'm just wasting my time coding it, a?

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  • Setting int more than once causes crash

    - by JulianB
    I'm doing a CABasicAnimation and getting the value from a nested NSMutableArray. Everything is great the first time it runs but crashes when called again either with custom functions or viewDidLoad. I've isolated it down to this line int int1 = [[[locationsArray objectAtIndex:0] objectAtIndex:0 ]integerValue] ; I assume it's to do with int not being a pointer but I'm lost as have to get the value without crashing the second time around Process: CEO Report 2011 [61880] Path: /Users/julian/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.2/Applications/03CFB7BC-0722-4CA0-9E7D-39772AEEF444/CEO Report 2011.app/CEO Report 2011 Identifier: CEO Report 2011 Version: ??? (???) Code Type: X86 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [252] Date/Time: 2011-11-13 17:04:28.093 +0000 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.6.8 (10K549) Report Version: 6 Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV) Exception Codes: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x000000005079706f Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread Application Specific Information: objc_msgSend() selector name: objectAtIndex: iPhone Simulator 235, iPhone OS 4.2 (iPad/8C134) Thread 0 Crashed: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread 0 libobjc.A.dylib 0x012f1a78 objc_msgSend + 44 1 CEO Report 2011 0x0001afbd -[TalentRVC doBoxes:] + 61 (TalentRVC.m:594) 2 CEO Report 2011 0x00017025 -[TalentRVC locationSelected:] + 1123 (TalentRVC.m:137) 3 CEO Report 2011 0x0001659f -[TalentRVC segmentedControlIndexChangedA] + 290 (TalentRVC.m:53) 4 UIKit 0x002fba6e -[UIApplication sendAction:to:from:forEvent:] + 119 5 UIKit 0x0038a1b5 -[UIControl sendAction:to:forEvent:] + 67 6 UIKit 0x0038c647 -[UIControl(Internal) _sendActionsForEvents:withEvent:] + 527 7 UIKit 0x0038a16c -[UIControl sendActionsForControlEvents:] + 49 8 UIKit 0x003c96b2 -[UISegmentedControl setSelectedSegmentIndex:] + 574 9 UIKit 0x003ce17e -[UISegmentedControl touchesBegan:withEvent:] + 971 10 UIKit 0x00320025 -[UIWindow _sendTouchesForEvent:] + 395 11 UIKit 0x0030137a -[UIApplication sendEvent:] + 447 12 UIKit 0x00306732 _UIApplicationHandleEvent + 7576 13 GraphicsServices 0x01a5ca36 PurpleEventCallback + 1550 14 CoreFoundation 0x01171064 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE1_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 52 15 CoreFoundation 0x010d16f7 __CFRunLoopDoSource1 + 215 16 CoreFoundation 0x010ce983 __CFRunLoopRun + 979 17 CoreFoundation 0x010ce240 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 208 18 CoreFoundation 0x010ce161 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 97 19 GraphicsServices 0x01a5b268 GSEventRunModal + 217 20 GraphicsServices 0x01a5b32d GSEventRun + 115 21 UIKit 0x0030a42e UIApplicationMain + 1160 22 CEO Report 2011 0x00002864 main + 102 (main.m:14) 23 CEO Report 2011 0x000027f5 start + 53 Thread 1: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a10382 kevent + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a10a9c _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 215 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0ff59 _dispatch_queue_invoke + 163 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0fcfe _dispatch_worker_thread2 + 240 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0f781 _pthread_wqthread + 390 5 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0f5c6 start_wqthread + 30 Thread 2: WebThread 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x989e9afa mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x989ea267 mach_msg + 68 2 CoreFoundation 0x011714a6 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 150 3 CoreFoundation 0x010ce874 __CFRunLoopRun + 708 4 CoreFoundation 0x010ce240 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 208 5 CoreFoundation 0x010ce161 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 97 6 WebCore 0x023e1423 RunWebThread(void*) + 499 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a17259 _pthread_start + 345 8 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a170de thread_start + 34 Thread 3: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x989e9afa mach_msg_trap + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x989ea267 mach_msg + 68 2 CoreFoundation 0x011714a6 __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 150 3 CoreFoundation 0x010ce874 __CFRunLoopRun + 708 4 CoreFoundation 0x010ce240 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 208 5 CoreFoundation 0x010ce161 CFRunLoopRunInMode + 97 6 Foundation 0x0009b162 +[NSURLConnection(NSURLConnectionReallyInternal) _resourceLoadLoop:] + 398 7 Foundation 0x00065d4c -[NSThread main] + 81 8 Foundation 0x00065cd8 __NSThread__main__ + 1387 9 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a17259 _pthread_start + 345 10 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a170de thread_start + 34 Thread 4: com.apple.CFSocket.private 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a08ac6 select$DARWIN_EXTSN + 10 1 CoreFoundation 0x01102cbc __CFSocketManager + 812 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a17259 _pthread_start + 345 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a170de thread_start + 34 Thread 5: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0f412 __workq_kernreturn + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0f9a8 _pthread_wqthread + 941 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x98a0f5c6 start_wqthread + 30 Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (32-bit): eax: 0x5079706f ebx: 0x0001af8c ecx: 0x04c8a1ff edx: 0x00200855 edi: 0x010bfbd0 esi: 0x56e58955 ebp: 0xbfffd408 esp: 0xbfffd3d4 ss: 0x0000001f efl: 0x00010206 eip: 0x012f1a78 cs: 0x00000017 ds: 0x0000001f es: 0x0000001f fs: 0x00000000 gs: 0x00000037 cr2: 0x5079706f Binary Images: 0x1000 - 0x29ffb +CEO Report 2011 ??? (???) <C5838026-29D3-AF1E-8C66-F7F5C18CDDD2> /Users/julian/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.2/Applications/03CFB7BC-0722-4CA0-9E7D-39772AEEF444/CEO Report 2011.app/CEO Report 2011 0x4a000 - 0x4cff7 +PBGDBIntrospectionSupport.A.dylib 1760.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <C80BE225-06F2-4CB3-BF89-84A1B0FDCDA2> /Developer-3/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/PlugIns/GDBMIDebugging.xcplugin/Contents/Resources/PBGDBIntrospectionSupport.A.dylib 0x51000 - 0x212fe7 +Foundation 751.49.0 (compatibility 300.0.0) <DB9A4461-C768-9B7B-E463-4568E3FAA179> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Foundation 0x2ef000 - 0x7fbff3 +UIKit 1400.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <EE783C53-A647-D7F8-62CF-FB3F7DD16C54> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/UIKit.framework/UIKit 0xa40000 - 0xc73ff7 com.apple.CoreGraphics 1.600.0 (???) <78926D2F-9A6C-8B48-BD99-72B3373872BD> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/CoreGraphics 0xcdc000 - 0xe3affb +CoreData 320.15.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <75D8B19C-E452-CB13-87FA-CBFD44D3A04F> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreData.framework/CoreData 0xeb3000 - 0xefdffb +SystemConfiguration 379.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <5A1E5868-7B70-7184-F4F6-B0FC574E49A0> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/SystemConfiguration 0xf1c000 - 0x100efef +QuartzCore 1.7.0 (compatibility 1.2.0) <FCA6F109-11B7-B38B-4EBF-D5C2CA9D5CE7> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/QuartzCore 0x1079000 - 0x108aff7 +libSystem.dylib 125.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <76CE85FC-AAC8-DE1C-B533-ABCEF8783B8F> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib/libSystem.dylib 0x109d000 - 0x11ecfef +CoreFoundation 550.52.0 (compatibility 150.0.0) <CDA305C1-38E1-514F-0EFB-4B6A58E296D5> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation 0x12de000 - 0x13abfe3 +libobjc.A.dylib 227.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <FEB8BB90-29E8-F87A-EA47-9395667DA191> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib 0x13fd000 - 0x15a3fe7 +libicucore.A.dylib 45.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <05674AB8-3A5A-0D89-79F8-EA0817A32D38> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib/libicucore.A.dylib 0x160f000 - 0x170efe7 +libxml2.2.dylib 10.3.0 (compatibility 10.0.0) <08B31BB7-E603-0C9A-1D7D-17637EFEDA54> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib 0x1733000 - 0x1741ff7 +libz.1.dylib 1.2.3 (compatibility 1.0.0) <F91C1567-31B2-CEFD-2D61-1B76C9F89E6A> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib/libz.1.dylib 0x1746000 - 0x188cff7 +CFNetwork 485.12.7 (compatibility 1.0.0) <FCD41C21-04EF-CDBB-84AC-9017DC3BF552> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/CFNetwork.framework/CFNetwork 0x190a000 - 0x196efeb +Security ??? 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(???) <33AE9B5E-6083-2103-174B-2E6EC60A58A6> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/WebUI.framework/WebUI 0xbec3000 - 0xbec7ff3 +CertUI ??? (???) <5C86FEAC-C796-A9EA-076F-5A34B74B755E> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CertUI.framework/CertUI 0xbece000 - 0xbed4ff3 +libMobileGestalt.dylib ??? (???) <1A9029E7-6BCA-46F5-0FAE-FB96EED30A05> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/usr/lib/libMobileGestalt.dylib 0xbedc000 - 0xbeefffb +PersistentConnection ??? (???) <E7C7258E-A316-B701-08C2-2A58A90211AB> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PersistentConnection.framework/PersistentConnection 0xc210000 - 0xc26bff7 +ManagedConfiguration ??? 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(???) <94F8984E-BCEA-ADED-7749-C29CE5E04C68> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/QuickLook.framework/QuickLook 0xce29000 - 0xcf75fff +RawCamera 1.0.1 (compatibility 1.0.0) <33F076B3-56FC-6978-3FD7-DF5B1A416D02> /Developer-3/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.2.sdk/System/Library/CoreServices/RawCamera.bundle/RawCamera 0x8fe00000 - 0x8fe4163b dyld 132.1 (???) <4CDE4F04-0DD6-224E-ACE5-3C06E169A801> /usr/lib/dyld 0x91590000 - 0x91593fe7 libmathCommon.A.dylib 315.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <1622A54F-1A98-2CBE-B6A4-2122981A500E> /usr/lib/system/libmathCommon.A.dylib 0x91681000 - 0x91681ff7 com.apple.Accelerate 1.6 (Accelerate 1.6) <3891A689-4F38-FACD-38B2-4BF937DE30CF> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Accelerate 0x92ff7000 - 0x930ebff7 libiconv.2.dylib 7.0.0 (compatibility 7.0.0) <061ABF36-8BA9-79C1-6CE7-EC69A4998F51> /usr/lib/libiconv.2.dylib 0x9352d000 - 0x93541fe7 libbsm.0.dylib ??? 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(???) <9A441C48-2D18-E716-5F38-CBEAE6A0BB3E> /usr/lib/system/libkxld.dylib 0x97f7f000 - 0x97f7fff7 com.apple.vecLib 3.6 (vecLib 3.6) <FF4DC8B6-0AB0-DEE8-ADA8-7B57645A1F36> /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/vecLib 0x9869b000 - 0x986bbfe7 libresolv.9.dylib 41.0.0 (compatibility 1.0.0) <BF7FF2F6-5FD3-D78F-77BC-9E2CB2A5E309> /usr/lib/libresolv.9.dylib 0x98704000 - 0x98746ff7 libvDSP.dylib 268.0.1 (compatibility 1.0.0) <8A4721DE-25C4-C8AA-EA90-9DA7812E3EBA> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvDSP.dylib 0x98747000 - 0x987b6ff7 libvMisc.dylib 268.0.1 (compatibility 1.0.0) <595A5539-9F54-63E6-7AAC-C04E1574B050> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvMisc.dylib 0x989e9000 - 0x98b90ff7 libSystem.B.dylib 125.2.11 (compatibility 1.0.0) <2DCD13E3-1BD1-6F25-119A-3863A3848B90> /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib 0x9a4e5000 - 0x9a542ff7 com.apple.framework.IOKit 2.0 (???) <3DABAB9C-4949-F441-B077-0498F8E47A35> /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1fff libSystem.B.dylib ??? (???) <2DCD13E3-1BD1-6F25-119A-3863A3848B90> /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib EDIT: After turning on NSZombieEnabled looks like my NSMutableArray is being deallocated? .h @interface TalentRVC : UIViewController <locationGlobalMenuDelegate, industryGlobalMenuDelegate>{ NSMutableArray *locationsArray; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *locationsArray; @end .m -(void)buildArrays { locationsArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity: 8]; for (int i = 0; i!=8; i++){ NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity: 8]; [locationsArray addObject: array]; } //Africa [[locationsArray objectAtIndex:0] addObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: 83]]; ... //Middle East [[locationsArray objectAtIndex:1] addObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: 89]]; ... NSLog(@"Built locationsArray"); } So after running the first time locationsArray is dumped from memory? If so, how do I can it?

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  • Django IN query as a string result - invalid literal for int() with base 10

    - by bmelton
    Trying to query a 'Favorites' model to get a list of items a user has favorited, and then querying against a different model to get the objects back from that query to present to the template, but I'm getting an error: "invalid literal for int() with base 10" Looking over all of the other instances of that error, I couldn't find any in which the asker actually wanted to work with a comma separated list of integers, so I'm kind of at a loss. Model class Favorite(models.Model): # key should be the model name, id is the model.id, and user is the User object. key = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True) val = models.IntegerField(default=0) user = models.ForeignKey(User) class Admin: list_display = ('key', 'id', 'user') View def index(request): favorites = Favorite.objects.filter(key='blog', user=request.user.pk) values = "" for favorite in favorites: values += "%s," % favorite.val #values = "[%s]" % values blogs = Blog.objects.filter(pk__in=values) return render_to_response('favorite/index.html', { "favorites" : favorites, "blogs" : blogs, "values" : values, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request) ) enter code here

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  • Converting between unsigned and signed int safely

    - by polemic
    I have an interface between a client and a server where a client sends (1) an unsigned value, and (2) a flag which indicates if value is signed/unsigned. Server would then static cast unsigned value to appropriate type. I later found out that this is implementation defined behavior and I've been reading about it but I couldn't seem to find an appropriate solution that's completely safe? I've read about type punning, pointer conversions, and memcpy. Would simply using a union type work? A UnionType containing signed and unsigned int, along with the signed/unsigned flag. For signed values, client sets the signed part of the union, and server reads the signed part. Same for the unsigned part. Or am I completely misunderstanding something? Side question: how do I know the specific behavior in this case for a specific scenario, e.g. windriver diab on PPC? I'm a bit lost on how to find such documentation.

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  • Making your own "int" or "string" class

    - by amerninja13
    I disassembled the .NET 'System' DLL and looked at the source code for the variable classes (string, int, byte, etc.) to see if I could figure out how to make a class that could take on a value. I noticed that the "Int32" class inherits the following: IComparable, IFormattable, IConvertible, IComparable, IEquatable. The String and Int32 classes are not inheritable, and I can't figure out what in these inherited interfaces allows the classes to hold a value. What I would want is something like this: public class MyVariable : //inherits here { //Code in here that allows it to get/set the value } public static class Main(string[] args) { MyVariable a = "This is my own custom variable!"; MyVariable b = 2976; if(a == "Hello") { } if(b = 10) { } Console.WriteLine(a.ToString()); Console.WriteLine(a.ToString()); }

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  • Using an int as the numerical representation of a string in C#

    - by bluewall21
    I'm trying to use an integer as the numerical representation of a string, for example, storing "ABCD" as 0x41424344. However, when it comes to output, I've got to convert the integer back into 4 ASCII characters. Right now, I'm using bit shifts and masking, as follows: int value = 0x41424344; string s = new string ( new char [] { (char)(value >> 24), (char)(value >> 16 & 0xFF), (char)(value >> 8 & 0xFF), (char)(value & 0xFF) }); Is there a cleaner way to do this? I've tried various casts, but the compiler, as expected, complained about it.

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  • Else statement crashes when i enter a letter for a cin << int value

    - by TimothyTech
    Alright, i have a question, i veered away from using strings for selection so now i use an integer.when the user enters a number then the game progresses. if they enter a wrong character it SHOULD give the else statement, however if i enter a letter or character the system goes into an endless loop effect then crashes. is there a way to give the else statement even if the user defies the variable's type. // action variable; int c_action: if (c_action == 1){ // enemy attack and user attack with added effect buffer. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// u_attack = userAttack(userAtk, weapons); enemyHP = enemyHP - u_attack; cout << " charging at the enemy you do " << u_attack << "damage" << endl; e_attack = enemyAttack(enemyAtk); userHP = userHP - e_attack; cout << "however he lashes back causing you to have " << userHP << "health left " << endl << endl << endl << endl; //end of ATTACK ACTION }else{ cout << "invalid actions" << endl; goto ACTIONS; }

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  • Cannot Convert from int[][] to int*

    - by cam
    I have a 3x3 array that I'm trying to create a pointer to and I keep getting this array, what gives? How do I have to define the pointer? I've tried every combination of [] and *. Is it possible to do this? int* pTemp = tempSec;

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  • Get length of bits used in int

    - by sigvardsen
    If you have the binary number 10110 how can I get it to return 11111? e.g a new binary number that sets all bits to 1 after the first 1, there are some likewise examples listed below: 101 should return 111 (3 bit length) 011 should return 11 (2 bit length) 11100 should be return 11111 (5 bit length) 101010101 should return 111111111 (9 bit length) How can this be obtained the easiest way in Java? I could come up with some methods but they are not very "pretty".

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  • How do I write recursive anonymous functions?

    - by James T Kirk
    In my continued effort to learn scala, I'm working through 'Scala by example' by Odersky and on the chapter on first class functions, the section on anonymous function avoids a situation of recursive anonymous function. I have a solution that seems to work. I'm curious if there is a better answer out there. From the pdf: Code to showcase higher order functions def sum(f: Int => Int, a: Int, b: Int): Int = if (a > b) 0 else f(a) + sum(f, a + 1, b) def id(x: Int): Int = x def square(x: Int): Int = x * x def powerOfTwo(x: Int): Int = if (x == 0) 1 else 2 * powerOfTwo(x-1) def sumInts(a: Int, b: Int): Int = sum(id, a, b) def sumSquares(a: Int, b: Int): Int = sum(square, a, b) def sumPowersOfTwo(a: Int, b: Int): Int = sum(powerOfTwo, a, b) scala> sumPowersOfTwo(2,3) res0: Int = 12 from the pdf: Code to showcase anonymous functions def sum(f: Int => Int, a: Int, b: Int): Int = if (a > b) 0 else f(a) + sum(f, a + 1, b) def sumInts(a: Int, b: Int): Int = sum((x: Int) => x, a, b) def sumSquares(a: Int, b: Int): Int = sum((x: Int) => x * x, a, b) // no sumPowersOfTwo My code: def sumPowersOfTwo(a: Int, b: Int): Int = sum((x: Int) => { def f(y:Int):Int = if (y==0) 1 else 2 * f(y-1); f(x) }, a, b) scala> sumPowersOfTwo(2,3) res0: Int = 12

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  • int and float increment condition in for loop [on hold]

    - by Mazaya Jamil
    I am doing a program that involves integer and float number.Let say I want to calculate atx={1,1/2,2,3,4} and want to use for-loop. But I know the condition of increment for(x=1;x<=4;x++) as x++=x+1. I want to find the iteration at x={1,2,3,4} and at x={1/2}. But I do not have idea how to modify the for-loop statement; either to make the increment of 0.5 or 1. But if I set 0.5, I will get the answers for 5/2 and 7/2 instead.

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  • comparing int values in android

    - by user1183066
    I am making an android game that is checking the players health value when this method is being runned. But however, it's not reacting. It doesn't do anything, when the value is less than 3, it shouldn't do anything, but when it is equal to 3, it should run a method. Please help me and thanks SO much in advance! This is the code that i am using: private void checkLivesLeftValue() { if (livesLeftValue == 3) { //Message to display: "You lost! onMethod(); } else { livesLeftValue = livesLeftValue + 1; } }

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  • Declare a Nullable int (int?) using XAML

    - by Nate Zaugg
    I am trying to bind a combo box to a property on my ViewModel. The target type is short? and I would like to have null be an option. Basically I would like the value of the first item in the combo box be {x:Null}. <ComboBox Grid.Row="9" Grid.Column="1" SelectedValue="{Binding Priority}"> <clr:Int16></clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>1</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>2</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>3</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>4</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>5</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>6</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>7</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>8</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>9</clr:Int16> <clr:Int16>10</clr:Int16> </ComboBox> Any Suggestions?

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  • Hash 32bit int to 16bit int?

    - by dkamins
    What are some simple ways to hash a 32-bit integer (e.g. IP address, e.g. Unix time_t, etc.) down to a 16-bit integer? E.g. hash_32b_to_16b(0x12345678) might return 0xABCD. Let's start with this as a horrible but functional example solution: function hash_32b_to_16b(val32b) { return val32b % 0xffff; } Question is specifically about JavaScript, but feel free to add any language-neutral solutions, preferably without using library functions. Simple = good. Wacky+obfuscated = amusing.

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  • Java - How to avoid loss of precision during divide and cast to int?

    - by David Buckley
    I have a situation where I need to find out how many times an int goes into a decimal, but in certain cases, I'm losing precision. Here is the method: public int test(double decimalAmount, int divisor) { return (int) (decimalAmount/ (1d / divisor)); } The problem with this is if I pass in 1.2 as the decimal amount and 5 as the divisor, I get 5 instead of 6. How can I restrusture this so I know how many times 5 goes into the decimal amount as an int?

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: Tuples and Tuple Factory Methods

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can really help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain.  This week, we look at the System.Tuple class and the handy factory methods for creating a Tuple by inferring the types. What is a Tuple? The System.Tuple is a class that tends to inspire a reaction in one of two ways: love or hate.  Simply put, a Tuple is a data structure that holds a specific number of items of a specific type in a specific order.  That is, a Tuple<int, string, int> is a tuple that contains exactly three items: an int, followed by a string, followed by an int.  The sequence is important not only to distinguish between two members of the tuple with the same type, but also for comparisons between tuples.  Some people tend to love tuples because they give you a quick way to combine multiple values into one result.  This can be handy for returning more than one value from a method (without using out or ref parameters), or for creating a compound key to a Dictionary, or any other purpose you can think of.  They can be especially handy when passing a series of items into a call that only takes one object parameter, such as passing an argument to a thread's startup routine.  In these cases, you do not need to define a class, simply create a tuple containing the types you wish to return, and you are ready to go? On the other hand, there are some people who see tuples as a crutch in object-oriented design.  They may view the tuple as a very watered down class with very little inherent semantic meaning.  As an example, what if you saw this in a piece of code: 1: var x = new Tuple<int, int>(2, 5); What are the contents of this tuple?  If the tuple isn't named appropriately, and if the contents of each member are not self evident from the type this can be a confusing question.  The people who tend to be against tuples would rather you explicitly code a class to contain the values, such as: 1: public sealed class RetrySettings 2: { 3: public int TimeoutSeconds { get; set; } 4: public int MaxRetries { get; set; } 5: } Here, the meaning of each int in the class is much more clear, but it's a bit more work to create the class and can clutter a solution with extra classes. So, what's the correct way to go?  That's a tough call.  You will have people who will argue quite well for one or the other.  For me, I consider the Tuple to be a tool to make it easy to collect values together easily.  There are times when I just need to combine items for a key or a result, in which case the tuple is short lived and so the meaning isn't easily lost and I feel this is a good compromise.  If the scope of the collection of items, though, is more application-wide I tend to favor creating a full class. Finally, it should be noted that tuples are immutable.  That means they are assigned a value at construction, and that value cannot be changed.  Now, of course if the tuple contains an item of a reference type, this means that the reference is immutable and not the item referred to. Tuples from 1 to N Tuples come in all sizes, you can have as few as one element in your tuple, or as many as you like.  However, since C# generics can't have an infinite generic type parameter list, any items after 7 have to be collapsed into another tuple, as we'll show shortly. So when you declare your tuple from sizes 1 (a 1-tuple or singleton) to 7 (a 7-tuple or septuple), simply include the appropriate number of type arguments: 1: // a singleton tuple of integer 2: Tuple<int> x; 3:  4: // or more 5: Tuple<int, double> y; 6:  7: // up to seven 8: Tuple<int, double, char, double, int, string, uint> z; Anything eight and above, and we have to nest tuples inside of tuples.  The last element of the 8-tuple is the generic type parameter Rest, this is special in that the Tuple checks to make sure at runtime that the type is a Tuple.  This means that a simple 8-tuple must nest a singleton tuple (one of the good uses for a singleton tuple, by the way) for the Rest property. 1: // an 8-tuple 2: Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, double, char, Tuple<string>> t8; 3:  4: // an 9-tuple 5: Tuple<int, int, int, int, double, int, char, Tuple<string, DateTime>> t9; 6:  7: // a 16-tuple 8: Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, Tuple<int,int>>> t14; Notice that on the 14-tuple we had to have a nested tuple in the nested tuple.  Since the tuple can only support up to seven items, and then a rest element, that means that if the nested tuple needs more than seven items you must nest in it as well.  Constructing tuples Constructing tuples is just as straightforward as declaring them.  That said, you have two distinct ways to do it.  The first is to construct the tuple explicitly yourself: 1: var t3 = new Tuple<int, string, double>(1, "Hello", 3.1415927); This creates a triple that has an int, string, and double and assigns the values 1, "Hello", and 3.1415927 respectively.  Make sure the order of the arguments supplied matches the order of the types!  Also notice that we can't half-assign a tuple or create a default tuple.  Tuples are immutable (you can't change the values once constructed), so thus you must provide all values at construction time. Another way to easily create tuples is to do it implicitly using the System.Tuple static class's Create() factory methods.  These methods (much like C++'s std::make_pair method) will infer the types from the method call so you don't have to type them in.  This can dramatically reduce the amount of typing required especially for complex tuples! 1: // this 4-tuple is typed Tuple<int, double, string, char> 2: var t4 = Tuple.Create(42, 3.1415927, "Love", 'X'); Notice how much easier it is to use the factory methods and infer the types?  This can cut down on typing quite a bit when constructing tuples.  The Create() factory method can construct from a 1-tuple (singleton) to an 8-tuple (octuple), which of course will be a octuple where the last item is a singleton as we described before in nested tuples. Accessing tuple members Accessing a tuple's members is simplicity itself… mostly.  The properties for accessing up to the first seven items are Item1, Item2, …, Item7.  If you have an octuple or beyond, the final property is Rest which will give you the nested tuple which you can then access in a similar matter.  Once again, keep in mind that these are read-only properties and cannot be changed. 1: // for septuples and below, use the Item properties 2: var t1 = Tuple.Create(42, 3.14); 3:  4: Console.WriteLine("First item is {0} and second is {1}", 5: t1.Item1, t1.Item2); 6:  7: // for octuples and above, use Rest to retrieve nested tuple 8: var t9 = new Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, 9: Tuple<int, int>>(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Tuple.Create(8,9)); 10:  11: Console.WriteLine("The 8th item is {0}", t9.Rest.Item1); Tuples are IStructuralComparable and IStructuralEquatable Most of you know about IComparable and IEquatable, what you may not know is that there are two sister interfaces to these that were added in .NET 4.0 to help support tuples.  These IStructuralComparable and IStructuralEquatable make it easy to compare two tuples for equality and ordering.  This is invaluable for sorting, and makes it easy to use tuples as a compound-key to a dictionary (one of my favorite uses)! Why is this so important?  Remember when we said that some folks think tuples are too generic and you should define a custom class?  This is all well and good, but if you want to design a custom class that can automatically order itself based on its members and build a hash code for itself based on its members, it is no longer a trivial task!  Thankfully the tuple does this all for you through the explicit implementations of these interfaces. For equality, two tuples are equal if all elements are equal between the two tuples, that is if t1.Item1 == t2.Item1 and t1.Item2 == t2.Item2, and so on.  For ordering, it's a little more complex in that it compares the two tuples one at a time starting at Item1, and sees which one has a smaller Item1.  If one has a smaller Item1, it is the smaller tuple.  However if both Item1 are the same, it compares Item2 and so on. For example: 1: var t1 = Tuple.Create(1, 3.14, "Hi"); 2: var t2 = Tuple.Create(1, 3.14, "Hi"); 3: var t3 = Tuple.Create(2, 2.72, "Bye"); 4:  5: // true, t1 == t2 because all items are == 6: Console.WriteLine("t1 == t2 : " + t1.Equals(t2)); 7:  8: // false, t1 != t2 because at least one item different 9: Console.WriteLine("t2 == t2 : " + t2.Equals(t3)); The actual implementation of IComparable, IEquatable, IStructuralComparable, and IStructuralEquatable is explicit, so if you want to invoke the methods defined there you'll have to manually cast to the appropriate interface: 1: // true because t1.Item1 < t3.Item1, if had been same would check Item2 and so on 2: Console.WriteLine("t1 < t3 : " + (((IComparable)t1).CompareTo(t3) < 0)); So, as I mentioned, the fact that tuples are automatically equatable and comparable (provided the types you use define equality and comparability as needed) means that we can use tuples for compound keys in hashing and ordering containers like Dictionary and SortedList: 1: var tupleDict = new Dictionary<Tuple<int, double, string>, string>(); 2:  3: tupleDict.Add(t1, "First tuple"); 4: tupleDict.Add(t2, "Second tuple"); 5: tupleDict.Add(t3, "Third tuple"); Because IEquatable defines GetHashCode(), and Tuple's IStructuralEquatable implementation creates this hash code by combining the hash codes of the members, this makes using the tuple as a complex key quite easy!  For example, let's say you are creating account charts for a financial application, and you want to cache those charts in a Dictionary based on the account number and the number of days of chart data (for example, a 1 day chart, 1 week chart, etc): 1: // the account number (string) and number of days (int) are key to get cached chart 2: var chartCache = new Dictionary<Tuple<string, int>, IChart>(); Summary The System.Tuple, like any tool, is best used where it will achieve a greater benefit.  I wouldn't advise overusing them, on objects with a large scope or it can become difficult to maintain.  However, when used properly in a well defined scope they can make your code cleaner and easier to maintain by removing the need for extraneous POCOs and custom property hashing and ordering. They are especially useful in defining compound keys to IDictionary implementations and for returning multiple values from methods, or passing multiple values to a single object parameter. Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Tuple,Little Wonders

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  • Java: how to initialize int without assigning a value?

    - by HH
    $ javac InitInt.java InitInt.java:9: '[' expected right = new int; ^ InitInt.java:9: ']' expected right = new int; ^ InitInt.java:13: ';' expected } ^ InitInt.java:14: ';' expected public int getRight(){return right;} ^ InitInt.java:15: reached end of file while parsing } ^ 5 errors $ cat InitInt.java import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class InitInt { private final int right; public static void main(String[] args) { // I don't want to assign any value. // just initialize it, how? right = new int; // later assiging a value } public int getRight(){return right;} }

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  • How to fix the “Live INT automatically logs out”

    - by ybbest
    Problem: Live INT environment automatically logs out I am trying to setup the Authentication with Windows Live ID and followed this blog post ; I have a problem logging in to live INT web site. Whenever I try to log in (https://login.live-int.com/login.srf  this is the internal Live environment to be used in a dev. environment.), after entering valid email/password I get redirected to the logout page. I tried 2 different accounts (one with existing email address, and other one with newly created @hotmail-int.com address) and 3 different browsers so I’m sure that neither account nor the browser are the cause of this. I also tried to enter wrong password, and in that case I get the message that the password is wrong. Solution: All you need is the unique ID in order to add the user to SharePoint , you can get the ID without logging into the Live INT environment. I think the Live internal environment is not working correctly for some reasons , the reason I need to login to the Live internal environment is that I need to get the unique ID for the test account so that I can add the user to SharePoint. All the blogs I have come across require you to login in order to get the unique ID. However, I figured out another way of getting the unique ID without logging in. Steps are below: Register a new test account in the Live internal environment. Go to the SharePoint site collection that has  Live ID authentication enabled and select the LiveID INT(it will be different as you could name it differently when you set up the authentication provider) from the dropdown. Try login using the Internal Live account, you will get an Access Denied Error as below showing your  unique ID for the test account. Add that account to your SharePoint Group, boom, it works. I hope it will help anyone who needs to do this stuff in the future.

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  • Subclassing and adding data members

    - by Marius
    I have an hierarchy of classes that looks like the following: class Critical { public: Critical(int a, int b) : m_a(a), m_b(b) { } virtual ~Critical() { } int GetA() { return m_a; } int GetB() { return m_b; } void SetA(int a) { m_a = a; } void SetB(int b) { m_b = b; } protected: int m_a; int m_b; }; class CriticalFlavor : public Critical { public: CriticalFlavor(int a, int b, int flavor) : Critical(a, b), m_flavor(flavor) { } virtual ~CriticalFlavor() { } int GetFlavor() { return m_flavor; } void SetFlavor(int flavor) { m_flavor = flavor; } protected: int m_flavor; }; class CriticalTwist : public Critical { public: CriticalTwist(int a, int b, int twist) : Critical(a, b), m_twist(twist) { } virtual ~CriticalTwist() { } int GetTwist() { return m_twist; } void SetTwist(int twist) { m_twist = twist; } protected: int m_twist; }; The above does not seem right to me in terms of the design and what bothers me the most is the fact that the addition of member variables seems to drive the interface of these classes (the real code that does the above is a little more complex but still embracing the same pattern). That will proliferate when in need for another "Critical" class that just adds some other property. Does this feel right to you? How could I refactor such code? An idea would be to have just a set of interfaces and use composition when it comes to the base object like the following: class Critical { public: virtual int GetA() = 0; virtual int GetB() = 0; virtual void SetA(int a) = 0; virtual void SetB(int b) = 0; }; class CriticalImpl { public: CriticalImpl(int a, int b) : m_a(a), m_b(b) { } ~CriticalImpl() { } int GetA() { return m_a; } int GetB() { return m_b; } void SetA(int a) { m_a = a; } void SetB(int b) { m_b = b; } private: int m_a; int m_b; }; class CriticalFlavor { public: virtual int GetFlavor() = 0; virtual void SetFlavor(int flavor) = 0; }; class CriticalFlavorImpl : public Critical, public CriticalFlavor { public: CriticalFlavorImpl(int a, int b, int flavor) : m_flavor(flavor), m_critical(new CriticalImpl(a, b)) { } ~CriticalFlavorImpl() { delete m_critical; } int GetFlavor() { return m_flavor; } void SetFlavor(int flavor) { m_flavor = flavor; } int GetA() { return m_critical-GetA(); } int GetB() { return m_critical-GetB(); } void SetA(int a) { m_critical-SetA(a); } void SetB(int b) { m_critical-SetB(b); } private: int m_flavor; CriticalImpl* m_critical; };

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