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  • Using hreflang to specify a catchall language

    - by adam
    We have a site primarily targeted at the UK market, and are adding a US-market alternative. As per Google's recommendations: To indicate to Google that you want the German version of the page to be served to searchers using Google in German, the en-us version to searchers using google.com in English, and the en-gb version to searchers using google.co.uk in English, use rel="alternate" hreflang="x" to identify alternate language versions. Which gives us: <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-gb" href="http://www.example.com/page.html" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="http://www.example.com/us/page.html" /> We do get enquiries from other areas of the world - particularly where there are expat communities (Dubai, UAE, Portugal etc). By adding the above tags, is there a risk that Google will only surface our site for UK and US search users? Do we need to specify a catch-all that will default all other searches to our UK site?

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  • Display current layout (language code/country flag) in keyboard indicator

    - by Jono
    Just upgraded from 10.04 to 10.10, and the keyboard indicator applet no longer displays the two-letter country code for the active layout. This is terrible. Is this the default behaviour? Anyone using two layouts can't tell which language they're in. I can't seem to find the setting for this, it used to be in the preferences for keyboard layout. Update 1: In case this wasn't obvious - I have two keyboard layouts - English and Hebrew. I just upgraded form 10.04, where the country code (USA/IL) was displayed, overlaid on the flag. Now all I get is a vague keyboard icon, and can't find the settings for this. Update 2: this seems to be a bug that people have been reporting since Lucid, and is now back in Maverick

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  • Display current layout (language code/country flag) in keyboard indicator

    - by Jono
    Just upgraded from 10.04 to 10.10, and the keyboard indicator applet no longer displays the two-letter country code for the active layout. This is terrible. Is this the default behaviour? Anyone using two layouts can't tell which language they're in. I can't seem to find the setting for this, it used to be in the preferences for keyboard layout. Update 1: In case this wasn't obvious - I have two keyboard layouts - English and Hebrew. I just upgraded form 10.04, where the country code (USA/IL) was displayed, overlaid on the flag. Now all I get is a vague keyboard icon, and can't find the settings for this. Update 2: this seems to be a bug that people have been reporting since Lucid, and is now back in Maverick

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  • A question on choosing the next programming language between C/C++ and other languages

    - by SidCool
    I am a java developer (web app and standalone applications) who knows JavaScript, HTML, CSS and has mostly worked on Web applications. I have no knowledge of C/C++ or any other lower level languages. I feel like I should strengthen my CS basics by learning a fundamental language. Should it be C or C++? I am also inclined to learn Objective-C. Does it need basics of C or C++? Or should I go for new languages like Python, Google's Go etc. I know this is a cliche question asked very frequently, but I can use some help here.

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  • Changing the interface language in Windows 7 Home Premium

    - by Cristián Romo
    A friend of mine has recently purchased a laptop in the U.S. that has Windows 7 Home Premium on it with an English interface. Not being a native English speaker, I'm trying to change the interface language to traditional Chinese. I've looked through the Control Panel in search of something that might let me change the interface language. Naturally, I looked at the Region and Language section and managed to change the formats the computer uses and install a working keyboard, but I haven't found a way to change the interface language. Upon doing some research, I found out that there are two kinds of interface packs, Multilingual User Interface (MUI) and Language Interface Packs (LIP). It seems that MUIs can only be installed through Windows Update, so I looked through the list of updates. To my dismay, the language packs are not present. The optional updates tab doesn't even show up. Many sites show a drop down menu the under Keyboards and Languages tab in the Region and Language options, yet it doesn't show up for me. We also don't have the Windows 7 DVD which might contain this useful file. As far as the LIPs go, I can't find one in Chinese at all, let alone traditional Chinese. Can the interface language be changed in Home Premium at all? If it can, how would I do so?

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  • Doesn't installing "All locales" install necessary fonts too?

    - by its_me
    I recently noticed that my browsers rendered blank text (or invisible text?) on some websites in foreign languages, like Chinese. inside.com.tw, for example. Later I learnt that by default Debian only installs one locale (the one you choose during the installation process), and others need to be installed manually. So, I ran the command: # dpkg-reconfigure locales And selected All locales from the options screen that followed, and proceeded with the rest of the process, which also includes changing the default locale (which I set to en_US.UTF-8). Then I restarted my system. I still can't read the website that I mentioned earlier (inside.com.tw). Most of the text is blank, i.e. invisible. With the page translated by Chrome to my default language (en_US), the text is visible; BUT not in the original language. Why is this happening? Does this mean that installing locales isn't actually necessary, and all I have to do is install the fonts for all supported languages? If so, how do I install all the fonts necessary for All locales? UPDATE: An easy fix is to install the unifont package which adds support for all Unicode 5.1 characters. But the rendering is of very bad quality. So, how I install all font packages? I notice that there are three sets, ones starting with fonts-*, another with xfonts-*, and ttf-*? Which set should I exactly go with, and how do I install that set of fonts. Looking for a knowledgeable solution.

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  • The next next C++ [closed]

    - by Roger Pate
    It's entirely too early for speculation on what C++ will be like after C++0x, but idle hands make for wild predictions. What features would you find useful and why? Is there anything in another language that would fit nicely into the state of C++ after 0x? What should be considered for the next TC and TR? (Mostly TR, as the TC would depend more on what actually becomes the next standard.) Export was removed, rather than merely deprecated, in 0x. (It remains a keyword.) What other features carry so much baggage to also be more harmful than helpful? ISO Standards' process I'm not involved in the C++ committee, but it's also a mystery, unfortunately, to most programmers using C++. A few things worth keeping in mind: There will be 10 years between standards, barring extremely exceptional circumstances. The standard can get "bug fixes" in the form of a Technical Corrigendum. This happened to C++98 with TC1, named C++03. It fixed "simple" issues such as making the explicit guarantee that std::vector stores items contiguously, which was always intended. The committee can issue reports which can add to the language. This happened to C++98/03 with TR1 in 2005, which introduced the std::tr1 namespace.

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  • What is the most concise, unambiguous syntax for operator associated methods (for overloading etc.) that doesn't pollute the namespace?

    - by Doug Treadwell
    Python tends to add double underscores before its built-in or overloadable operator methods, like __add(), whereas C++ requires declaring overloaded operators as operator + (Thing& thing) { /* code */ } for example. Personally I like the operator syntax because it seems to be more explicit and keeps these operator overloading methods separated from other methods without introducing weird prefix notation. What are your thoughts? Also, what about the case of built-in methods that are needed for the programming language to work properly? Is name mangling (like adding __ prefix or sys or something) the best solution here? What do you think about having another type of method declaration, like ... "system method" for lack of creativity at the moment. So there would be two kinds of declarations: int method_name() { ... } system int method_name() { ... } ... and the call would need to be different to distinguish between them. obj.method_name(); vs obj:method_name(); perhaps, assuming a language where : can be unambiguously used in this situation. obj.method_name() vs obj.(system method_name)() Sure, the latter is ugly, but the idea is to make the common case simple and system stuff should be kept out of the way. Maybe the Objective-C notation of method calls? [obj method_name]? Are there more alternatives? Please make suggestions.

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  • C# language questions

    - by Water Cooler v2
    1) What is int? Is it any different from the struct System.Int32? I understand that the former is a C# alias (typedef or #define equivalant) for the CLR type System.Int32. Is this understanding correct? 2) When we say: IComparable x = 10; Is that like saying: IComparable x = new System.Int32(); But we can't new a struct, right? or in C like syntax: struct System.In32 *x; x=>someThing = 10; 3) What is String with a capitalized S? I see in Reflector that it is the sealed String class, which, of course, is a reference type, unlike the System.Int32 above, which is a value type. What is string, with an uncapitalized s, though? Is that also the C# alias for this class? Why can I not see the alias definitions in Reflector? 4) Try to follow me down this subtle train of thought, if you please. We know that a storage location of a particular type can only access properties and members on its interface. That means: Person p = new Customer(); p.Name = "Water Cooler v2"; // legal because as Name is defined on Person. but // illegal without an explicit cast even though the backing // store is a Customer, the storage location is of type // Person, which doesn't support the member/method being // accessed/called. p.GetTotalValueOfOrdersMade(); Now, with that inference, consider this scenario: int i = 10; // obvious System.object defines no member to // store an integer value or any other value in. // So, my question really is, when the integer is // boxed, what is the *type* it is actually boxed to. // In other words, what is the type that forms the // backing store on the heap, for this operation? object x = i;

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  • Requiring multithreading/concurrency for implementation of scripting language

    - by Ricky Stewart
    Here's the deal: I'm looking at designing my own scripting/interpreted language for fun. I'm only in the planning stages right now; I want to make sure I have a very strong hold on exactly how I will implement everything before I start coding. What I'm currently struggling with is concurrency. It seems to me like an easy way to avoid the unpredictable performance that comes with garbage collection would be to put the garbage collector in its own thread, and have it run concurrently with the interpreter itself. (To be clear, I don't plan to allow the scripts to be multithreaded themselves; I would simply put a garbage collector to work in a different thread than the interpreter.) This doesn't seem to be a common strategy for many popular scripting languages, probably for portability reasons; I would probably write the interpreter in the UNIX/POSIX threading framework initially and then port it to other platforms (Windows, etc.) if need be. Does anyone have any thoughts in this issue? Would whatever gains I receive by exploiting concurrency be nullified by the portability issues that will inevitably arise? (On that note, am I really correct in my assumption that I would experience great performance gains with a concurrent garbage collector?) Should I move forward with this strategy or step away from it?

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  • A programming language that does not allow IO. Haskell is not a pure language

    - by TheIronKnuckle
    (I asked this on Stack Overflow and it got closed as off-topic, I was a bit confused until I read the FAQ, which discouraged subjective theoratical debate style questions. The FAQ here doesn't seem to have a problem with it and it sounds like this is a more appropriate place to post. If this gets closed again, forgive me, I'm not trying to troll) Are there any 100% pure languages (as I describe in the Stack Overflow post) out there already and if so, could they feasibly be used to actually do stuff? i.e. do they have an implementation? I'm not looking for raw maths on paper/Pure lambda calculus. However Pure lambda calculus with a compiler or a runtime system attached is something I'd be interested in hearing about.

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  • Configuring keyboard input to eliminate unused diacritics

    - by David Cesarino
    I'd like to change the way diacritics work under Xubuntu. My problem My native language is pt-BR and my notebook has an american keyboard. Thus, I use ' and " followed by keys like u and c to achieve things like ú, ç and ü. It all works well. However, in the case of apostrophes and quotes, that creates a problem when I use ' followed by: letters that won't accept the acute accent ( ´ , ACUTE ACCENT -- 0x00B4) at all, like t; and letters that won't accept the acute in pt-BR, like r. In 1, ' with t does absolutely nothing. In 2, ' with r creates r (LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE -- 0x0155), which is used, afaik, for some eastern european languages like slovak. It isn't used in portuguese, just like ?, s, z, ?, ?, ?, n and all consonants (portuguese do not take diacritics in consonants). Question That said, is there a way to better support the portuguese-brazilian language using an american keyboard? It is very common here --- I actually prefer the american keyboard to our own, known as “ABNT”. Desired solution I'd like to deactivate unused diacritics, so case 2 would behave just like case 1. Additionally, if possible, I'd like case 1 to behave like it does under Windows. As an example, typing ' followed by t should write 't (acute followed by T) instead of doing nothing. About 2, in my humble opinion, doing nothing is counterproductive. I realize the behavior is reasonable according to logic ("there isn't t-acute, so please tell the computer to typeset apostrophe --- ', SPACE --- instead of acute). But from a human, practical point of view, I think it makes more sense (to me, at least). Additional comments I believe this also applies to spanish, french, italian and other western european latin languages. On the console (Ctrl+Alt+F?), case 1 is not a problem. I don't need to press space as apostrophes are automatically added. However, there, I'm unable to access cedilla (ç). Two completely different behaviors. If it's just a matter of customizing text config files (possibly creating a custom layout or whatever), I'd be glad to share my efforts. I just need guide on the "howto" part. Somehow Google only points me to the "enough" people (those who cope with the situation and think that it works "well enough"). And since I have definitely migrated to Linux/Xubuntu after years, I'd like to leave just as I like it (and I'm sure others as well). For example, if there is some kind of scripting or definition to tell the computer to do what I described, so be it.

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  • How should I add multi language support to my web app across PHP, JS and Template Files?

    - by Camsoft
    I'm building a website that needs to support different language translations. I have strings in PHP, JavaScript and Smarty Template files that need to translated. I want to use something like PHP's gettext() function and have a single language file for each locale. This is easy when the translatable strings are in the PHP files but I also have text in the Smarty Templates and JavaScript files that also need to be translated. I really want one single file that holds all the translatable strings. What is the best way to achieve this?

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  • Variable declaration versus assignment syntax

    - by rwallace
    Working on a statically typed language with type inference and streamlined syntax, and need to make final decision about syntax for variable declaration versus assignment. Specifically I'm trying to choose between: // Option 1. Create new local variable with :=, assign with = foo := 1 foo = 2 // Option 2. Create new local variable with =, assign with := foo = 1 foo := 2 Creating functions will use = regardless: // Indentation delimits blocks square x = x * x And assignment to compound objects will do likewise: sky.color = blue a[i] = 0 Which of options 1 or 2 would people find most convenient/least surprising/otherwise best?

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  • Are programming languages pretty much "stable" for now?

    - by Sauron
    Recently i have looked at the "timeline" of Programming Languages and while a lot has changed in the past 5-10 years, there are a lot of languages that have pretty much "stayed" the same in their niche/use. For example, let's take C language. We don't really ever see much languages being developed (correct me if i'm wrong) to try to Unseat C. However, there are a lot of languages that try to do similar things (look at all the SQL/No-SQL languages) Scripting Languages, etc... Is there a reason for this trend? Or is it just because C was designed very well ? and there isn't really any need for new once?

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  • Design a mini script language

    - by radi
    hi , my project this year is to develop a text mining tool (with new features) so we need a mini script language in this tool to add annotation to texts this language should be simple and like lisp grammars (left and right side) . what i need is how to design this language ,i know how to constract the compiler , but how to write language grammars ? , and i want to use some mini open source language or any language bnf please advice me and if there is a language i can use and customize to meet my needs ? thanks

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  • What do I need to know to design a language and write a interpreter for it?

    - by alFReD NSH
    I know this question has been asked and even there are thousands of books and articles about it. But the problem is that there are too many, and I don't know are they good enough, I have to design a language and write a interpreter for it. The base language is javascript (using nodejs) but it's ok if the compiler was written in another language that I can use from node. I had done a research about compiler compilers in JS, there is jison (Bison implementaion in JS), waxeye, peg.js. I decided to give jison a try, due to the popularity and its being used by coffee script, so it should be able to cover my language too. The grammar definition syntax is similar to bison. But when I tried read the bison manual it seemed very hard to understand for me. And I think it's because I don't know a lot of things about what I'm doing. Like I don't what is formal language theory. I am experienced in Javascript (I'm more talented in JS than most average programmers). And also know basic C and C++ (not much experience but can write a working code for basic things). I haven't had any formal education, so I may not be familiar with some software engineering and computer science principles. Though everyday I try to grasp a lot of articles and improve. So I'm asking if you know any good book or article that can help me. Please also write why the resource you're suggesting is good. --update-- The language I'm trying to create, is not really complicated. All it has is expressions (with or without units), comparisons and logical operators. There are no functions, loops, ... The goal is to create a language that non-programmers can easily learn. And to write customized validations and calculations.

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  • What do you wish language designers paid attention to?

    - by Berin Loritsch
    The purpose of this question is not to assemble a laundry list of programming language features that you can't live without, or wish was in your main language of choice. The purpose of this question is to bring to light corners of languge design most language designers might not think about. So, instead of thinking about language feature X, think a little more philisophically. One of my biases, and perhaps it might be controversial, is that the softer side of engineering--the whys and what fors--are many times more important than the more concrete side. For example, Ruby was designed with a stated goal of improving developer happiness. While your opinions may be mixed on whether it delivered or not, the fact that was a goal means that some of the choices in language design were influenced by that philosophy. Please do not post: Syntax flame wars (I could care less whether you use whitespace [Python], keywords [Ruby], or curly braces [Java, C/C++, et. al.] to denote program blocks). That's just an implementation detail. "Any language that doesn't have feature X doesn't deserve to exist" type comments. There is at least one reason for all programming languages to exist--good or bad. Please do post: Philisophical ideas that language designers seem to miss. Technical concepts that seem to be poorly implemented more often than not. Please do provide an example of the pain it causes and if you have any ideas of how you would prefer it to function. Things you wish were in the platform's common library but seldom are. One the same token, things that usually are in a common library that you wish were not. Conceptual features such as built in test/assertion/contract/error handling support that you wish all programming languages would implement properly--and define properly. My hope is that this will be a fun and stimulating topic.

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  • windows xp mode for windows 7 - save text input language settings

    - by Gero
    When I change the 'default language' in 'text services and input languages' in windows xp mode from EN-US to DE-DE the settings are reverted with the next logoff / reboot - EN-US is the default language again. Is there a way around this behaviour? I'm using the default 'XPMUser' in windows xp mode. I also checked 'turn off advanced text services' and disabled the language bar and windows xp remembers these settings - just not the default language..

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  • windows xp mode for windows 7 - save text input language settings

    - by Gero
    When I change the 'default language' in 'text services and input languages' in windows xp mode from EN-US to DE-DE the settings are reverted with the next logoff / reboot - EN-US is the default language again. Is there a way around this behaviour? I'm using the default 'XPMUser' in windows xp mode. I also checked 'turn off advanced text services' and disabled the language bar and windows xp remembers these settings - just not the default language..

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  • Thoughts on my new template language?

    - by Ralph
    Let's start with an example: using "html5" using "extratags" html { head { title "Ordering Notice" jsinclude "jquery.js" } body { h1 "Ordering Notice" p "Dear @name," p "Thanks for placing your order with @company. It's scheduled to ship on {@ship_date|dateformat}." p "Here are the items you've ordered:" table { tr { th "name" th "price" } for(@item in @item_list) { tr { td @item.name td @item.price } } } if(@ordered_warranty) p "Your warranty information will be included in the packaging." p(class="footer") { "Sincerely," br @company } } } The "using" keyword indicates which tags to use. "html5" might include all the html5 standard tags, but your tags names wouldn't have to be based on their HTML counter-parts at all if you didn't want to. The "extratags" library for example might add an extra tag, called "jsinclude" which gets replaced with something like <script type="text/javascript" src="@content"></script> Tags can be optionally be followed by an opening brace. They will automatically be closed as the closing brace. If no brace is used, they will be closed after taking on element. Variables are prefixed with the @ symbol. They may be used inside double-quoted strings. I think I'll use single-quotes to indicate "no variable substitution" like PHP does. Filter functions can be applied to variables like @variable|filter. Arguments can be passed to the filter @variable|filter:@arg1,arg2="y" Attributes can be passed to tags by including them in (), like p(class="classname"). Some questions: Which symbol should I use to prefix variables? @ (like Razor), $ (like PHP), or something else? Should the @ symbol be necessary in "for" and "if" statements? It's kind of implied that those are variables. Tags and controls (like if,for) presently have the exact same syntax. Should I do something to differentiate the two? If so, what? Do you like the attribute syntax? (round brackets) I'll add more questions in a few minutes, once I get some feedback.

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  • how do I go about removing all the language packs I don't need

    - by knotech
    I just noticed that in /usr/share/help I have the ubuntu help files in 70 different languages. I only speak 2, and I only really compute in one. I also noticed that it is full of broken symbolic links to /usr/share/help-langpack. I want just want to get rid of all the languages I don't need. How can I do this without getting all rm -r happy? I'm preferably looking for a way to do this without installing any new packages, as my main goal is to get rid of excess stuff on my machine. I'd like to find a way to do this preferably with dpkg, or apt.

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  • SEO for landing page of three different language sites

    - by Zahid
    I have three sites running under the main domain example.com/en/ example.com/ar/ example.com/ur/ And there is a main HTML landing page example.com which have some introduction in three languages and links to three sites. Now i want this landing page to have a good SEO. and i want this page to appear in search in three languages. if someone searchs Arabic it should be in results with Arabic title and description, if someone searches in English it should response in English. Is it possible? or suggest me other way to make a landing page for these sites.

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  • How can I change the language order by command-line (or text editor)?

    - by KIAaze
    How can I change the language order by command-line (or text editor)? i.e. without using the graphical "gnome-language-selector". (Or is there a better GUI which allows you to select multiple language entries and move them all to another position directly, without having to do it one by one?) Alternatively: Where are the user-specific language settings stored? i.e. the /etc/default/locale for users.

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  • Change Language in Windows 8.1

    - by console
    I try to change the output language of windows 8.1 (not preview). I installed a German version of windows 8.1 and try to change language over the control panel as it is suggested by microsoft. But the change has no effect, and if i check the Language options it says "Es ist kein Sprachpaket verfügbar" (No language pack available). I cannot find a download for the en-GB language pack either, as MS suggests using the control panel to download the files. Has anybody experienced similar problems and found a solution?.

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