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• Problem implementing Blinn–Phong shading model

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I did this very simple, perfectly working, implementation of Phong Relflection Model (There is no ambience implemented yet, but that doesn't bother me for now). The functions should be self explaining. /** * Implements the classic Phong illumination Model using a reflected light * vector. */ public class PhongIllumination implements IlluminationModel { @RGBParam(r = 0, g = 0, b = 0) public Vec3 ambient; @RGBParam(r = 1, g = 1, b = 1) public Vec3 diffuse; @RGBParam(r = 1, g = 1, b = 1) public Vec3 specular; @FloatParam(value = 20, min = 1, max = 200.0f) public float shininess; /* * Calculate the intensity of light reflected to the viewer . * * @param P = The surface position expressed in world coordinates. * * @param V = Normalized viewing vector from surface to eye in world * coordinates. * * @param N = Normalized normal vector at surface point in world * coordinates. * * @param surfaceColor = surfaceColor Color of the surface at the current * position. * * @param lights = The active light sources in the scene. * * @return Reflected light intensity I. */ public Vec3 shade(Vec3 P, Vec3 V, Vec3 N, Vec3 surfaceColor, Light lights[]) { Vec3 surfaceColordiffused = Vec3.mul(surfaceColor, diffuse); Vec3 totalintensity = new Vec3(0, 0, 0); for (int i = 0; i < lights.length; i++) { Vec3 L = lights[i].calcDirection(P); N = N.normalize(); V = V.normalize(); Vec3 R = Vec3.reflect(L, N); // reflection vector float diffuseLight = Vec3.dot(N, L); float specularLight = Vec3.dot(V, R); if (diffuseLight > 0) { totalintensity = Vec3.add(Vec3.mul(Vec3.mul( surfaceColordiffused, lights[i].calcIntensity(P)), diffuseLight), totalintensity); if (specularLight > 0) { Vec3 Il = lights[i].calcIntensity(P); Vec3 Ilincident = Vec3.mul(Il, Math.max(0.0f, Vec3 .dot(N, L))); Vec3 intensity = Vec3.mul(Vec3.mul(specular, Ilincident), (float) Math.pow(specularLight, shininess)); totalintensity = Vec3.add(totalintensity, intensity); } } } return totalintensity; } } Now i need to adapt it to become a Blinn-Phong illumination model I used the formulas from hearn and baker, followed pseudocodes and tried to implement it multiple times according to wikipedia articles in several languages but it never worked. I just get no specular reflections or they are so weak and/or are at the wrong place and/or have the wrong color. From the numerous wrong implementations I post some little code that already seems to be wrong. So I calculate my Half Way vector and my new specular light like so: Vec3 H = Vec3.mul(Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V), Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V).length()); float specularLight = Vec3.dot(H, N); With theese little changes it should already work (maby not with correct intensity but basically it should be correct). But the result is wrong. Here are two images. Left how it should render correctly and right how it renders. If i lower the shininess factor you can see a little specular light at the top right: Altough I understand the concept of Phong illumination and also the simplified more performant adaptaion of blinn phong I am trying around for days and just cant get it to work. Any help is appriciated. Edit: I was made aware of an error by this answer, that i am mutiplying by |L+V| instead of dividing by it when calculating H. I changed to deviding doing so: Vec3 H = Vec3.mul(Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V), 1/Vec3.add(L.normalize(), V).length()); Unfortunately this doesnt change much. The results look like this: and if I rise the specular constant and lower the shininess You can see the effects more clearly in a smilar wrong way: However this division just the normalisation. I think I am missing one step. Because the formulas like this just dont make sense to me. If you look at this picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blinn-Phong_vectors.svg The projection of H to N is far less than V to R. And if you imagine changing the vector V in the picture the angle is the same when the viewing vector is "on the left side". and becomes more and more different when going to the right. I pesonally would multiply the whole projection by two to become something similiar (and the hole point is to avoid the calculation of R). Altough I didnt read anythinga bout that anywehre i am gonna try this out... Result: The intension of the specular light is far too much (white areas) and the position is still wrong. I think I am messing something else up because teh reflection are just at the wrong place. But what? Edit: Now I read on wikipedia in the notes that the angle of N/H is in fact approximalty half or V/R. To compensate that i should multiply my shineness exponent by 4 rather than my projection. If i do that I end up with this: Far to intense but still one thing. The projection is at the wrong place. Where could i mess up my vectors?

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• Does normalization really hurt performance in high traffic sites?

  - by Luke101

  I am designing a database and I would like to normalize the database. I one query I will joining about 30-40 tables. Will this hurt the website performance if it ever becomes extremely popular? This will be the main query and it will be getting called 50% of the time. The other queries I will be joining about 2 tables. I have a choice right now to normalize or not to normalize but if the normalization becomes a problem in the future i may have to rewrite 40% of the software and it may take me a long time. Does normalization really hurt in this case? Should I denormalize now while I have the time?

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• First time shadow mapping problems

  - by user1294203

  I have implemented basic shadow mapping for the first time in OpenGL using shaders and I'm facing some problems. Below you can see an example of my rendered scene: The process of the shadow mapping I'm following is that I render the scene to the framebuffer using a View Matrix from the light point of view and the projection and model matrices used for normal rendering. In the second pass, I send the above MVP matrix from the light point of view to the vertex shader which transforms the position to light space. The fragment shader does the perspective divide and changes the position to texture coordinates. Here is my vertex shader, #version 150 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform mat4 lightMVP; uniform float scale; in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; smooth out vec4 lightspace_Position; void main(void){ pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; lightspace_Position = lightMVP * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } And my fragment shader, #version 150 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D inSampler; uniform sampler2D inShadowMap; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; smooth in vec4 lightspace_Position; out vec4 out_Color; float CalcShadowFactor(vec4 lightspace_Position){ vec3 ProjectionCoords = lightspace_Position.xyz / lightspace_Position.w; vec2 UVCoords; UVCoords.x = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.x + 0.5; UVCoords.y = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.y + 0.5; float Depth = texture(inShadowMap, UVCoords).x; if(Depth < (ProjectionCoords.z + 0.001)) return 0.5; else return 1.0; } void main(void){ vec3 Normal = normalize(pass_Normal); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-pass_Position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float diffuse = max(0.2, dot(Normal, light_Direction)); vec3 temp_Color = diffuse * vec3(1.0); float specular = max( 0.0, dot( Normal, half_vector) ); float shadowFactor = CalcShadowFactor(lightspace_Position); if(diffuse != 0 && shadowFactor > 0.5){ float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); temp_Color += fspecular; } out_Color = vec4(shadowFactor * texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz * temp_Color, 1.0); } One of the problems is self shadowing as you can see in the picture, the crate has its own shadow cast on itself. What I have tried is enabling polygon offset (i.e. glEnable(POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL), glPolygonOffset(GLfloat, GLfloat) ) but it didn't change much. As you see in the fragment shader, I have put a static offset value of 0.001 but I have to change the value depending on the distance of the light to get more desirable effects , which not very handy. I also tried using front face culling when I render to the framebuffer, that didn't change much too. The other problem is that pixels outside the Light's view frustum get shaded. The only object that is supposed to be able to cast shadows is the crate. I guess I should pick more appropriate projection and view matrices, but I'm not sure how to do that. What are some common practices, should I pick an orthographic projection? From googling around a bit, I understand that these issues are not that trivial. Does anyone have any easy to implement solutions to these problems. Could you give me some additional tips? Please ask me if you need more information on my code. Here is a comparison with and without shadow mapping of a close-up of the crate. The self-shadowing is more visible.

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• Taking fixed direction on hemisphere and project to normal (openGL)

  - by Maik Xhani

  I am trying to perform sampling using hemisphere around a surface normal. I want to experiment with fixed directions (and maybe jitter slightly between frames). So I have those directions: vec3 sampleDirections[6] = {vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), vec3(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.866025f), vec3(0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f), vec3(0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629f), vec3(-0.509037f, 0.5f, -0.700629), vec3(-0.823639f, 0.5f, 0.267617f)}; now I want the first direction to be projected on the normal and the others accordingly. I tried these 2 codes, both failing. This is what I used for random sampling (it doesn't seem to work well, the samples seem to be biased towards a certain direction) and I just used one of the fixed directions instead of s (here is the code of the random sample, when i used it with the fixed direction i didn't use theta and phi). vec3 CosWeightedRandomHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, float rand1, float rand2 ) float theta = acos(sqrt(1.0f-rand1)); float phi = 6.283185f * rand2; vec3 s = vec3(sin(theta) * cos(phi), sin(theta) * sin(phi), cos(theta)); vec3 v = normalize(cross(n,vec3(0.0072, 1.0, 0.0034))); vec3 u = cross(v, n); u = s.x*u; v = s.y*v; vec3 w = s.z*n; vec3 direction = u+v+w; return normalize(direction); } ** EDIT ** This is the new code vec3 FixedHemisphereDirection( vec3 n, vec3 sampleDir) { vec3 x; vec3 z; if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.y)){ if(abs(n.x) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } }else{ if(abs(n.y) < abs(n.z)){ x = vec3(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); }else{ x = vec3(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); } } z = normalize(cross(x,n)); x = cross(n,z); mat3 M = mat3( x.x, n.x, z.x, x.y, n.y, z.y, x.z, n.z, z.z); return M*sampleDir; } So if my n = (0,0,1); and my sampleDir = (0,1,0); shouldn't the M*sampleDir be (0,0,1)? Cause that is what I was expecting.

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• Quaternion based rotation and pivot position

  - by Michael IV

  I can't figure out how to perform matrix rotation using Quaternion while taking into account pivot position in OpenGL.What I am currently getting is rotation of the object around some point in the space and not a local pivot which is what I want. Here is the code [Using Java] Quaternion rotation method: public void rotateTo3(float xr, float yr, float zr) { _rotation.x = xr; _rotation.y = yr; _rotation.z = zr; Quaternion xrotQ = Glm.angleAxis((xr), Vec3.X_AXIS); Quaternion yrotQ = Glm.angleAxis((yr), Vec3.Y_AXIS); Quaternion zrotQ = Glm.angleAxis((zr), Vec3.Z_AXIS); xrotQ = Glm.normalize(xrotQ); yrotQ = Glm.normalize(yrotQ); zrotQ = Glm.normalize(zrotQ); Quaternion acumQuat; acumQuat = Quaternion.mul(xrotQ, yrotQ); acumQuat = Quaternion.mul(acumQuat, zrotQ); Mat4 rotMat = Glm.matCast(acumQuat); _model = new Mat4(1); scaleTo(_scaleX, _scaleY, _scaleZ); _model = Glm.translate(_model, new Vec3(_pivot.x, _pivot.y, 0)); _model =rotMat.mul(_model);//_model.mul(rotMat); //rotMat.mul(_model); _model = Glm.translate(_model, new Vec3(-_pivot.x, -_pivot.y, 0)); translateTo(_x, _y, _z); notifyTranformChange(); } Model matrix scale method: public void scaleTo(float x, float y, float z) { _model.set(0, x); _model.set(5, y); _model.set(10, z); _scaleX = x; _scaleY = y; _scaleZ = z; notifyTranformChange(); } Translate method: public void translateTo(float x, float y, float z) { _x = x - _pivot.x; _y = y - _pivot.y; _z = z; _position.x = _x; _position.y = _y; _position.z = _z; _model.set(12, _x); _model.set(13, _y); _model.set(14, _z); notifyTranformChange(); } But this method in which I don't use Quaternion works fine: public void rotate(Vec3 axis, float angleDegr) { _rotation.add(axis.scale(angleDegr)); // change to GLM: Mat4 backTr = new Mat4(1.0f); backTr = Glm.translate(backTr, new Vec3(_pivot.x, _pivot.y, 0)); backTr = Glm.rotate(backTr, angleDegr, axis); backTr = Glm.translate(backTr, new Vec3(-_pivot.x, -_pivot.y, 0)); _model =_model.mul(backTr);///backTr.mul(_model); notifyTranformChange(); }

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• ssao implementation

  - by Irbis

  I try to implement a ssao based on this tutorial: link I use a deferred rendering and world coordinates for shading calculations. When saving gbuffer a vertex shader output looks like this: worldPosition = vec3(ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0)); normal = normalize(normalModelMatrix * inNormal); gl_Position = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * ModelMatrix * vec4(inPosition, 1.0); Next for a ssao calculations I render a scene as a full screen quad and I save an occlusion parameter in a texture. (Vertex positions in the world space: link Normals in the world space: link) SSAO implementation: subroutine (RenderPassType) void ssao() { vec2 texCoord = CalcTexCoord(); vec3 worldPos = texture(texture0, texCoord).xyz; vec3 normal = normalize(texture(texture1, texCoord).xyz); vec2 noiseScale = vec2(screenSize.x / 4, screenSize.y / 4); vec3 rvec = texture(texture2, texCoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); mat3 tbn = mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); float occlusion = 0.0; float radius = 4.0; for (int i = 0; i < kernelSize; ++i) { vec3 pix = tbn * kernel[i]; pix = pix * radius + worldPos; vec4 offset = vec4(pix, 1.0); offset = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * offset; offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; float sample_depth = texture(texture0, offset.xy).z; float range_check = abs(worldPos.z - sample_depth) < radius ? 1.0 : 0.0; occlusion += (sample_depth <= pix.z ? 1.0 : 0.0); } outputColor = vec4(occlusion, occlusion, occlusion, 1); } That code gives following results: camera looking towards -z world space: link camera looking towards +z world space: link I wonder if it is possible to use world coordinates in the above code ? When I move camera I get different results because world space positions don't change. Can I treat worldPos.z as a linear depth ? What should I change to get a correct results ? I except the white areas in place of occlusion, so the ground should has the white areas only near to the object.

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• fragment shader directional light positioning with camera

  - by meWantToLearn

  Im trying to set up directional lighting in the fragment shader. So the direction of my light moves with the camera position. #version 150 core uniform sampler2D diffuseTex; uniform vec4 lightColour; uniform vec3 lightDirection; vec3 LNorm = normalize(lightDirection); vec3 normal = normalize(IN.normal); vec3 calColour = lightColour[i].rgb * intensity; gl_FragColor = vec4(diffuse.rbg * calColour, diffuse.a); It lights the entire scene.

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• 2D Topdown Shooter - Player Movement Relative to Mouse

  - by Jarmo

  I'm trying to make a topdown 2D space game for my school project. I'm almost done but I just want to add a few little things to make the game more fun to play. if (keystate.IsKeyDown(Keys.W)) { vPlayerPos += Vector2.Normalize(new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X - vPlayerPos.X, Mouse.GetState().Y - vPlayerPos.Y)) * 3; rPlayer.X = (int)vPlayerPos.X; rPlayer.Y = (int)vPlayerPos.Y; } if (keystate.IsKeyDown(Keys.S)) { vPlayerPos += Vector2.Normalize(new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X - vPlayerPos.X, Mouse.GetState().Y - vPlayerPos.Y)) * -3; rPlayer.X = (int)vPlayerPos.X; rPlayer.Y = (int)vPlayerPos.Y; } This is what i use to move towards and away from my mouse crossair. I tried to make a somewhat similar function to make it strafe with "A" and "D". But for some reason I just couldn't get it done. Any thoughts?

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• bump mapping with 2 normal maps

  - by DorkMonstuh

  I was wondering if its actually possible to do bump mapping with 2 normal maps... I have tried doing it this way however I get a function overload on max and dot. uniform sampler2D n_mapTex; uniform sampler2D n_mapTex2; uniform sampler2D refTex; varying mediump vec2 TexCoord; varying mediump float vTime; void main() { mediump vec4 wave = texture2D(n_mapTex, TexCoord - vTime); mediump vec4 wave2 = texture2D(n_mapTex2, TexCoord + vTime); mediump vec4 bump = mix(wave2, wave, 0.5); //this extracts the normals from the combined normal maps mediump vec4 normal = normalize(bump.xyzw * 2.0 - 1.0); //determines light position mediump vec3 lightPos = normalize(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 3.0)); mediump float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightPos),0.0); gl_FragColor = mix(texture2D(refTex, TexCoord), bump, 0.5); }

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• 2D Topdown Shooter Mouse Movement

  - by Jarmo

  I'm trying to make a topdown 2D space game for my school project. I'm almost done but I just want to add a few little things to make the game more fun to play. if (keystate.IsKeyDown(Keys.W)) { vPlayerPos += Vector2.Normalize(new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X - vPlayerPos.X, Mouse.GetState().Y - vPlayerPos.Y)) * 3; rPlayer.X = (int)vPlayerPos.X; rPlayer.Y = (int)vPlayerPos.Y; } if (keystate.IsKeyDown(Keys.S)) { vPlayerPos += Vector2.Normalize(new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X - vPlayerPos.X, Mouse.GetState().Y - vPlayerPos.Y)) * -3; rPlayer.X = (int)vPlayerPos.X; rPlayer.Y = (int)vPlayerPos.Y; } This is what i use to move towards and away from my mouse crossair. I tried to make a somewhat similar function to make it strafe with "A" and "D". But for some reason I just couldn't get it done. Any thoughts?

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• Attempting Unauthorized operation - SQL 2008 R2 install

  - by Fred L

  I've been banging against this for a few days. Keep getting this unauthorized error when trying to install SQL 2008 R2 on a Windows 7 machine. I've changed permissions on the key, does not fix... Created an admin user, gave specific permissions on that key, does not fix... Disabled all firewalls, installed from a local admin, does not fix... I'm out of patience and ideas! :) Help? 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to set value AppName 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: SetValue: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VSTAHostConfig\SSIS_ScriptComponent\2.0, Name = AppName 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to create base registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, machine 2012-07-06 13:09:11 SSIS: Processing Registry ACLs for SID 'S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074' 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to open registry subkey SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100 2012-07-06 13:09:11 SSIS: Setting permision on registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\100. 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to set security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Prompting user if they want to retry this action due to the following failure: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: The following is an exception stack listing the exceptions in outermost to innermost order 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Inner exceptions are being indented 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Exception type: Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.ScoException 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Message: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Attempted to perform an unauthorized operation. 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Data: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: WatsonData = 100 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: DisableRetry = true 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Inner exception type: System.UnauthorizedAccessException 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Message: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Attempted to perform an unauthorized operation. 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: Stack: 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at System.Security.AccessControl.Win32.GetSecurityInfo(ResourceType resourceType, String name, SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections accessControlSections, RawSecurityDescriptor& resultSd) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at System.Security.AccessControl.NativeObjectSecurity.CreateInternal(ResourceType resourceType, Boolean isContainer, String name, SafeHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections, Boolean createByName, ExceptionFromErrorCode exceptionFromErrorCode, Object exceptionContext) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.SqlRegistrySecurity..ctor(ResourceType resourceType, SafeRegistryHandle handle, AccessControlSections includeSections) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.SqlRegistrySecurity.Create(InternalRegistryKey key) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.InternalRegistryKey.GetAccessControl() 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: at Microsoft.SqlServer.Configuration.Sco.InternalRegistryKey.SetSecurityDescriptor(String sddl, Boolean overwrite) 2012-07-06 13:09:11 Slp: ---------------------------------------- 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: User has chosen to retry this action 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to normalize security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Sco: Attempting to replace account with sid in security descriptor D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be processed: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ReplaceAccountWithSidInSddl -- SDDL to be returned: D:(A;OICI;KR;;;S-1-5-21-2383144575-3599344511-819193542-1074) 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: Prompting user if they want to retry this action due to the following failure: 2012-07-06 13:09:24 Slp: ----------------------------------------

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• OpenGL 3.x Assimp trouble implementing phong shading (normals?)

  - by Defcronyke

  I'm having trouble getting phong shading to look right. I'm pretty sure there's something wrong with either my OpenGL calls, or the way I'm loading my normals, but I guess it could be something else since 3D graphics and Assimp are both still very new to me. When trying to load .obj/.mtl files, the problems I'm seeing are: The models seem to be lit too intensely (less phong-style and more completely washed out, too bright). Faces that are lit seem to be lit equally all over (with the exception of a specular highlight showing only when the light source position is moved to be practically right on top of the model) Because of problems 1 and 2, spheres look very wrong: picture of sphere And things with larger faces look (less-noticeably) wrong too: picture of cube I could be wrong, but to me this doesn't look like proper phong shading. Here's the code that I think might be relevant (I can post more if necessary): file: assimpRenderer.cpp #include "assimpRenderer.hpp" namespace def { assimpRenderer::assimpRenderer(std::string modelFilename, float modelScale) { initSFML(); initOpenGL(); if (assImport(modelFilename)) // if modelFile loaded successfully { initScene(); mainLoop(modelScale); shutdownScene(); } shutdownOpenGL(); shutdownSFML(); } assimpRenderer::~assimpRenderer() { } void assimpRenderer::initSFML() { windowWidth = 800; windowHeight = 600; settings.majorVersion = 3; settings.minorVersion = 3; app = NULL; shader = NULL; app = new sf::Window(sf::VideoMode(windowWidth,windowHeight,32), "OpenGL 3.x Window", sf::Style::Default, settings); app->setFramerateLimit(240); app->setActive(); return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownSFML() { delete app; return; } void assimpRenderer::initOpenGL() { GLenum err = glewInit(); if (GLEW_OK != err) { /* Problem: glewInit failed, something is seriously wrong. */ std::cerr << "Error: " << glewGetErrorString(err) << std::endl; } // check the OpenGL context version that's currently in use int glVersion[2] = {-1, -1}; glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION, &glVersion[0]); // get the OpenGL Major version glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION, &glVersion[1]); // get the OpenGL Minor version std::cout << "Using OpenGL Version: " << glVersion[0] << "." << glVersion[1] << std::endl; return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownOpenGL() { return; } void assimpRenderer::initScene() { // allocate heap space for VAOs, VBOs, and IBOs vaoID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes]; vboID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes*2]; iboID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes]; glClearColor(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 0.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); shader = new Shader("shader.vert", "shader.frag"); projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(60.0f, (float)windowWidth / (float)windowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); rot = 0.0f; rotSpeed = 50.0f; faceIndex = 0; colorArrayA = NULL; colorArrayD = NULL; colorArrayS = NULL; normalArray = NULL; genVAOs(); return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownScene() { delete [] iboID; delete [] vboID; delete [] vaoID; delete shader; } void assimpRenderer::renderScene(float modelScale) { sf::Time elapsedTime = clock.getElapsedTime(); clock.restart(); if (rot > 360.0f) rot = 0.0f; rot += rotSpeed * elapsedTime.asSeconds(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT); viewMatrix = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, -3.0f, -10.0f)); // move back a bit modelMatrix = glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(modelScale)); // scale model modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, rot, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)); //modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, 25.0f, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)); glm::vec3 lightPosition( 0.0f, -100.0f, 0.0f ); float lightPositionArray[3]; lightPositionArray[0] = lightPosition[0]; lightPositionArray[1] = lightPosition[1]; lightPositionArray[2] = lightPosition[2]; shader->bind(); int projectionMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "projectionMatrix"); int viewMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "viewMatrix"); int modelMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "modelMatrix"); int ambientLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "ambientColor"); int diffuseLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "diffuseColor"); int specularLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "specularColor"); int lightPositionLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "lightPosition"); int normalMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "normalMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &projectionMatrix[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(viewMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &viewMatrix[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(modelMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &modelMatrix[0][0]); glUniform3fv(lightPositionLocation, 1, lightPositionArray); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++) { colorArrayA = new float[3]; colorArrayD = new float[3]; colorArrayS = new float[3]; material = scene->mMaterials[scene->mNumMaterials-1]; normalArray = new float[scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3]; unsigned int normalIndex = 0; for (unsigned int j = 0; j < scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3; j+=3, normalIndex++) { normalArray[j] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].x; // x normalArray[j+1] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].y; // y normalArray[j+2] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].z; // z } normalIndex = 0; glUniformMatrix3fv(normalMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, normalArray); aiColor3D ambient(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_AMBIENT, ambient); aiColor3D diffuse(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_DIFFUSE, diffuse); aiColor3D specular(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_SPECULAR, specular); colorArrayA[0] = ambient.r; colorArrayA[1] = ambient.g; colorArrayA[2] = ambient.b; colorArrayD[0] = diffuse.r; colorArrayD[1] = diffuse.g; colorArrayD[2] = diffuse.b; colorArrayS[0] = specular.r; colorArrayS[1] = specular.g; colorArrayS[2] = specular.b; // bind color for each mesh glUniform3fv(ambientLocation, 1, colorArrayA); glUniform3fv(diffuseLocation, 1, colorArrayD); glUniform3fv(specularLocation, 1, colorArrayS); // render all meshes glBindVertexArray(vaoID[i]); // bind our VAO glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumFaces*3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0); glBindVertexArray(0); // unbind our VAO delete [] normalArray; delete [] colorArrayA; delete [] colorArrayD; delete [] colorArrayS; } shader->unbind(); app->display(); return; } void assimpRenderer::handleEvents() { sf::Event event; while (app->pollEvent(event)) { if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) { app->close(); } if ((event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) && (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Escape)) { app->close(); } if (event.type == sf::Event::Resized) { glViewport(0, 0, event.size.width, event.size.height); } } return; } void assimpRenderer::mainLoop(float modelScale) { while (app->isOpen()) { renderScene(modelScale); handleEvents(); } } bool assimpRenderer::assImport(const std::string& pFile) { // read the file with some example postprocessing scene = importer.ReadFile(pFile, aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | aiProcess_SortByPType); // if the import failed, report it if (!scene) { std::cerr << "Error: " << importer.GetErrorString() << std::endl; return false; } return true; } void assimpRenderer::genVAOs() { int vboIndex = 0; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++, vboIndex+=2) { mesh = scene->mMeshes[i]; indexArray = new unsigned int[mesh->mNumFaces * sizeof(unsigned int) * 3]; // convert assimp faces format to array faceIndex = 0; for (unsigned int t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; std::memcpy(&indexArray[faceIndex], face->mIndices, sizeof(float) * 3); faceIndex += 3; } // generate VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &vaoID[i]); glBindVertexArray(vaoID[i]); // generate IBO for faces glGenBuffers(1, &iboID[i]); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboID[i]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(GLuint) * mesh->mNumFaces * 3, indexArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // generate VBO for vertices if (mesh->HasPositions()) { glGenBuffers(1, &vboID[vboIndex]); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID[vboIndex]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->mNumVertices * sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, mesh->mVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)0); glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); } // generate VBO for normals if (mesh->HasNormals()) { normalArray = new float[scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3]; unsigned int normalIndex = 0; for (unsigned int j = 0; j < scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3; j+=3, normalIndex++) { normalArray[j] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].x; // x normalArray[j+1] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].y; // y normalArray[j+2] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].z; // z } normalIndex = 0; glGenBuffers(1, &vboID[vboIndex+1]); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID[vboIndex+1]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->mNumVertices * sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, normalArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)1); glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); delete [] normalArray; } // tex coord stuff goes here // unbind buffers glBindVertexArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); delete [] indexArray; } vboIndex = 0; return; } } file: shader.vert #version 150 core in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; uniform vec3 lightPosition; uniform mat3 normalMatrix; smooth out vec3 vVaryingNormal; smooth out vec3 vVaryingLightDir; void main() { // derive MVP and MV matrices mat4 modelViewProjectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix; mat4 modelViewMatrix = viewMatrix * modelMatrix; // get surface normal in eye coordinates vVaryingNormal = normalMatrix * in_Normal; // get vertex position in eye coordinates vec4 vPosition4 = modelViewMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); vec3 vPosition3 = vPosition4.xyz / vPosition4.w; // get vector to light source vVaryingLightDir = normalize(lightPosition - vPosition3); // Set the position of the current vertex gl_Position = modelViewProjectionMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); } file: shader.frag #version 150 core out vec4 out_Color; uniform vec3 ambientColor; uniform vec3 diffuseColor; uniform vec3 specularColor; smooth in vec3 vVaryingNormal; smooth in vec3 vVaryingLightDir; void main() { // dot product gives us diffuse intensity float diff = max(0.0, dot(normalize(vVaryingNormal), normalize(vVaryingLightDir))); // multiply intensity by diffuse color, force alpha to 1.0 out_Color = vec4(diff * diffuseColor, 1.0); // add in ambient light out_Color += vec4(ambientColor, 1.0); // specular light vec3 vReflection = normalize(reflect(-normalize(vVaryingLightDir), normalize(vVaryingNormal))); float spec = max(0.0, dot(normalize(vVaryingNormal), vReflection)); if (diff != 0) { float fSpec = pow(spec, 128.0); // Set the output color of our current pixel out_Color.rgb += vec3(fSpec, fSpec, fSpec); } } I know it's a lot to look through, but I'm putting most of the code up so as not to assume where the problem is. Thanks in advance to anyone who has some time to help me pinpoint the problem(s)! I've been trying to sort it out for two days now and I'm not getting anywhere on my own.

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• 3D picking lwjgl

  - by Wirde

  I have written some code to preform 3D picking that for some reason dosn't work entirely correct! (Im using LWJGL just so you know.) I posted this at stackoverflow at first but after researching some more in to my problem i found this neat site and tought that you guys might be more qualified to answer this question. This is how the code looks like: if(Mouse.getEventButton() == 1) { if (!Mouse.getEventButtonState()) { Camera.get().generateViewMatrix(); float screenSpaceX = ((Mouse.getX()/800f/2f)-1.0f)*Camera.get().getAspectRatio(); float screenSpaceY = 1.0f-(2*((600-Mouse.getY())/600f)); float displacementRate = (float)Math.tan(Camera.get().getFovy()/2); screenSpaceX *= displacementRate; screenSpaceY *= displacementRate; Vector4f cameraSpaceNear = new Vector4f((float) (screenSpaceX * Camera.get().getNear()), (float) (screenSpaceY * Camera.get().getNear()), (float) (-Camera.get().getNear()), 1); Vector4f cameraSpaceFar = new Vector4f((float) (screenSpaceX * Camera.get().getFar()), (float) (screenSpaceY * Camera.get().getFar()), (float) (-Camera.get().getFar()), 1); Matrix4f tmpView = new Matrix4f(); Camera.get().getViewMatrix().transpose(tmpView); Matrix4f invertedViewMatrix = (Matrix4f)tmpView.invert(); Vector4f worldSpaceNear = new Vector4f(); Matrix4f.transform(invertedViewMatrix, cameraSpaceNear, worldSpaceNear); Vector4f worldSpaceFar = new Vector4f(); Matrix4f.transform(invertedViewMatrix, cameraSpaceFar, worldSpaceFar); Vector3f rayPosition = new Vector3f(worldSpaceNear.x, worldSpaceNear.y, worldSpaceNear.z); Vector3f rayDirection = new Vector3f(worldSpaceFar.x - worldSpaceNear.x, worldSpaceFar.y - worldSpaceNear.y, worldSpaceFar.z - worldSpaceNear.z); rayDirection.normalise(); Ray clickRay = new Ray(rayPosition, rayDirection); Vector tMin = new Vector(), tMax = new Vector(), tempPoint; float largestEnteringValue, smallestExitingValue, temp, closestEnteringValue = Camera.get().getFar()+0.1f; Drawable closestDrawableHit = null; for(Drawable d : this.worldModel.getDrawableThings()) { // Calcualte AABB for each object... needs to be moved later... firstVertex = true; for(Surface surface : d.getSurfaces()) { for(Vertex v : surface.getVertices()) { worldPosition.x = (v.x+d.getPosition().x)*d.getScale().x; worldPosition.y = (v.y+d.getPosition().y)*d.getScale().y; worldPosition.z = (v.z+d.getPosition().z)*d.getScale().z; worldPosition = worldPosition.rotate(d.getRotation()); if (firstVertex) { maxX = worldPosition.x; maxY = worldPosition.y; maxZ = worldPosition.z; minX = worldPosition.x; minY = worldPosition.y; minZ = worldPosition.z; firstVertex = false; } else { if (worldPosition.x > maxX) { maxX = worldPosition.x; } if (worldPosition.x < minX) { minX = worldPosition.x; } if (worldPosition.y > maxY) { maxY = worldPosition.y; } if (worldPosition.y < minY) { minY = worldPosition.y; } if (worldPosition.z > maxZ) { maxZ = worldPosition.z; } if (worldPosition.z < minZ) { minZ = worldPosition.z; } } } } // ray/slabs intersection test... // clickRay.getOrigin().x + clickRay.getDirection().x * f = minX // clickRay.getOrigin().x - minX = -clickRay.getDirection().x * f // clickRay.getOrigin().x/-clickRay.getDirection().x - minX/-clickRay.getDirection().x = f // -clickRay.getOrigin().x/clickRay.getDirection().x + minX/clickRay.getDirection().x = f largestEnteringValue = -clickRay.getOrigin().x/clickRay.getDirection().x + minX/clickRay.getDirection().x; temp = -clickRay.getOrigin().y/clickRay.getDirection().y + minY/clickRay.getDirection().y; if(largestEnteringValue < temp) { largestEnteringValue = temp; } temp = -clickRay.getOrigin().z/clickRay.getDirection().z + minZ/clickRay.getDirection().z; if(largestEnteringValue < temp) { largestEnteringValue = temp; } smallestExitingValue = -clickRay.getOrigin().x/clickRay.getDirection().x + maxX/clickRay.getDirection().x; temp = -clickRay.getOrigin().y/clickRay.getDirection().y + maxY/clickRay.getDirection().y; if(smallestExitingValue > temp) { smallestExitingValue = temp; } temp = -clickRay.getOrigin().z/clickRay.getDirection().z + maxZ/clickRay.getDirection().z; if(smallestExitingValue < temp) { smallestExitingValue = temp; } if(largestEnteringValue > smallestExitingValue) { //System.out.println("Miss!"); } else { if (largestEnteringValue < closestEnteringValue) { closestEnteringValue = largestEnteringValue; closestDrawableHit = d; } } } if(closestDrawableHit != null) { System.out.println("Hit at: (" + clickRay.setDistance(closestEnteringValue).x + ", " + clickRay.getCurrentPosition().y + ", " + clickRay.getCurrentPosition().z); this.worldModel.removeDrawableThing(closestDrawableHit); } } } I just don't understand what's wrong, the ray are shooting and i do hit stuff that gets removed but the result of the ray are verry strange it sometimes removes the thing im clicking at, sometimes it removes things thats not even close to what im clicking at, and sometimes it removes nothing at all. Edit: Okay so i have continued searching for errors and by debugging the ray (by painting smal dots where it travles) i can now se that there is something oviously wrong with the ray that im sending out... it has its origin near the world center (nearer or further away depending on where on the screen im clicking) and always shots to the same position no matter where I direct my camera... My initial toughts is that there might be some error in the way i calculate my viewMatrix (since it's not possible to get the viewmatrix from the gluLookAt method in lwjgl; I have to build it my self and I guess thats where the problem is at)... Edit2: This is how i calculate it currently: private double[][] viewMatrixDouble = {{0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,1}}; public Vector getCameraDirectionVector() { Vector actualEye = this.getActualEyePosition(); return new Vector(lookAt.x-actualEye.x, lookAt.y-actualEye.y, lookAt.z-actualEye.z); } public Vector getActualEyePosition() { return eye.rotate(this.getRotation()); } public void generateViewMatrix() { Vector cameraDirectionVector = getCameraDirectionVector().normalize(); Vector side = Vector.cross(cameraDirectionVector, this.upVector).normalize(); Vector up = Vector.cross(side, cameraDirectionVector); viewMatrixDouble[0][0] = side.x; viewMatrixDouble[0][1] = up.x; viewMatrixDouble[0][2] = -cameraDirectionVector.x; viewMatrixDouble[1][0] = side.y; viewMatrixDouble[1][1] = up.y; viewMatrixDouble[1][2] = -cameraDirectionVector.y; viewMatrixDouble[2][0] = side.z; viewMatrixDouble[2][1] = up.z; viewMatrixDouble[2][2] = -cameraDirectionVector.z; /* Vector actualEyePosition = this.getActualEyePosition(); Vector zaxis = new Vector(this.lookAt.x - actualEyePosition.x, this.lookAt.y - actualEyePosition.y, this.lookAt.z - actualEyePosition.z).normalize(); Vector xaxis = Vector.cross(upVector, zaxis).normalize(); Vector yaxis = Vector.cross(zaxis, xaxis); viewMatrixDouble[0][0] = xaxis.x; viewMatrixDouble[0][1] = yaxis.x; viewMatrixDouble[0][2] = zaxis.x; viewMatrixDouble[1][0] = xaxis.y; viewMatrixDouble[1][1] = yaxis.y; viewMatrixDouble[1][2] = zaxis.y; viewMatrixDouble[2][0] = xaxis.z; viewMatrixDouble[2][1] = yaxis.z; viewMatrixDouble[2][2] = zaxis.z; viewMatrixDouble[3][0] = -Vector.dot(xaxis, actualEyePosition); viewMatrixDouble[3][1] =-Vector.dot(yaxis, actualEyePosition); viewMatrixDouble[3][2] = -Vector.dot(zaxis, actualEyePosition); */ viewMatrix = new Matrix4f(); viewMatrix.load(getViewMatrixAsFloatBuffer()); } Would be verry greatfull if anyone could verify if this is wrong or right, and if it's wrong; supply me with the right way of doing it... I have read alot of threads and documentations about this but i can't seam to wrapp my head around it... Edit3: Okay with the help of Byte56 (thanks alot for the help) i have now concluded that it's not the viewMatrix that is the problem... I still get the same messedup result; anyone that think that they can find the error in my code, i certenly can't, have bean working on this for 3 days now :(

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• Light following me around the room. Something is wrong with my shader!

  - by Robinson

  I'm trying to do a spot (Blinn) light, with falloff and attenuation. It seems to be working OK except I have a bit of a space problem. That is, whenever I move the camera the light moves to maintain the same relative position, rather than changing with the camera. This results in the light moving around, i.e. not always falling on the same surfaces. It's as if there's a flashlight attached to the camera. I'm transforming the lights beforehand into view space, so Light_Position and Light_Direction are already in eye space (I hope!). I made a little movie of what it looks like here: My camera rotating around a point inside a box. The light is fixed in the centre up and its "look at" point in a fixed position in front of it. As you can see, as the camera rotates around the origin (always looking at the centre), so don't think the box is rotating (!). The lighting follows it around. To start, some code. This is how I'm transforming the light into view space (it gets passed into the shader already in view space): // Compute eye-space light position. Math::Vector3d eyeSpacePosition = MyCamera->ViewMatrix() * MyLightPosition; MyShaderVariables->Set(MyLightPositionIndex, eyeSpacePosition); // Compute eye-space light direction vector. Math::Vector3d eyeSpaceDirection = Math::Unit(MyLightLookAt - MyLightPosition); MyCamera->ViewMatrixInverseTranspose().TransformNormal(eyeSpaceDirection); MyShaderVariables->Set(MyLightDirectionIndex, eyeSpaceDirection); Can anyone give me a clue as to what I'm doing wrong here? I think the light should remain looking at a fixed point on the box, regardless of the camera orientation. Here are the vertex and pixel shaders: /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vertex Shader /////////////////////////////////////////////////// #version 420 /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Uniform Buffer Structures /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Camera. layout (std140) uniform Camera { mat4 Camera_View; mat4 Camera_ViewInverseTranspose; mat4 Camera_Projection; }; // Matrices per model. layout (std140) uniform Model { mat4 Model_World; mat4 Model_WorldView; mat4 Model_WorldViewInverseTranspose; mat4 Model_WorldViewProjection; }; // Spotlight. layout (std140) uniform OmniLight { float Light_Intensity; vec3 Light_Position; vec3 Light_Direction; vec4 Light_Ambient_Colour; vec4 Light_Diffuse_Colour; vec4 Light_Specular_Colour; float Light_Attenuation_Min; float Light_Attenuation_Max; float Light_Cone_Min; float Light_Cone_Max; }; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Streams (per vertex) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// layout(location = 0) in vec3 attrib_Position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 attrib_Normal; layout(location = 2) in vec3 attrib_Tangent; layout(location = 3) in vec3 attrib_BiNormal; layout(location = 4) in vec2 attrib_Texture; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Output streams (per vertex) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// out vec3 attrib_Fragment_Normal; out vec4 attrib_Fragment_Position; out vec2 attrib_Fragment_Texture; out vec3 attrib_Fragment_Light; out vec3 attrib_Fragment_Eye; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Main /////////////////////////////////////////////////// void main() { // Transform normal into eye space attrib_Fragment_Normal = (Model_WorldViewInverseTranspose * vec4(attrib_Normal, 0.0)).xyz; // Transform vertex into eye space (world * view * vertex = eye) vec4 position = Model_WorldView * vec4(attrib_Position, 1.0); // Compute vector from eye space vertex to light (light is in eye space already) attrib_Fragment_Light = Light_Position - position.xyz; // Compute vector from the vertex to the eye (which is now at the origin). attrib_Fragment_Eye = -position.xyz; // Output texture coord. attrib_Fragment_Texture = attrib_Texture; // Compute vertex position by applying camera projection. gl_Position = Camera_Projection * position; } and the pixel shader: /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pixel Shader /////////////////////////////////////////////////// #version 420 /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Samplers /////////////////////////////////////////////////// uniform sampler2D Map_Diffuse; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Global Uniforms /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Material. layout (std140) uniform Material { vec4 Material_Ambient_Colour; vec4 Material_Diffuse_Colour; vec4 Material_Specular_Colour; vec4 Material_Emissive_Colour; float Material_Shininess; float Material_Strength; }; // Spotlight. layout (std140) uniform OmniLight { float Light_Intensity; vec3 Light_Position; vec3 Light_Direction; vec4 Light_Ambient_Colour; vec4 Light_Diffuse_Colour; vec4 Light_Specular_Colour; float Light_Attenuation_Min; float Light_Attenuation_Max; float Light_Cone_Min; float Light_Cone_Max; }; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Input streams (per vertex) /////////////////////////////////////////////////// in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Normal; in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Position; in vec2 attrib_Fragment_Texture; in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Light; in vec3 attrib_Fragment_Eye; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Result /////////////////////////////////////////////////// out vec4 Out_Colour; /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Main /////////////////////////////////////////////////// void main(void) { // Compute N dot L. vec3 N = normalize(attrib_Fragment_Normal); vec3 L = normalize(attrib_Fragment_Light); vec3 E = normalize(attrib_Fragment_Eye); vec3 H = normalize(L + E); float NdotL = clamp(dot(L,N), 0.0, 1.0); float NdotH = clamp(dot(N,H), 0.0, 1.0); // Compute ambient term. vec4 ambient = Material_Ambient_Colour * Light_Ambient_Colour; // Diffuse. vec4 diffuse = texture2D(Map_Diffuse, attrib_Fragment_Texture) * Light_Diffuse_Colour * Material_Diffuse_Colour * NdotL; // Specular. float specularIntensity = pow(NdotH, Material_Shininess) * Material_Strength; vec4 specular = Light_Specular_Colour * Material_Specular_Colour * specularIntensity; // Light attenuation (so we don't have to use 1 - x, we step between Max and Min). float d = length(-attrib_Fragment_Light); float attenuation = smoothstep(Light_Attenuation_Max, Light_Attenuation_Min, d); // Adjust attenuation based on light cone. float LdotS = dot(-L, Light_Direction), CosI = Light_Cone_Min - Light_Cone_Max; attenuation *= clamp((LdotS - Light_Cone_Max) / CosI, 0.0, 1.0); // Final colour. Out_Colour = (ambient + diffuse + specular) * Light_Intensity * attenuation; }

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• gluLookAt alternative doesn't work

  - by Brammie

  Hey guys. I'm trying to calculate a lookat matrix myself, instead of using gluLookAt(). My problem is that my matrix doesn't work. using the same parameters on gluLookAt does work however. my way of creating a lookat matrix: Vector3 Eye, At, Up; //these should be parameters =) Vector3 zaxis = At - Eye; zaxis.Normalize(); Vector3 xaxis = Vector3::Cross(Up, zaxis); xaxis.Normalize(); Vector3 yaxis = Vector3::Cross(zaxis, xaxis); yaxis.Normalize(); float r[16] = { xaxis.x, yaxis.x, zaxis.x, 0, xaxis.y, yaxis.y, zaxis.y, 0, xaxis.z, yaxis.z, zaxis.z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, }; Matrix Rotation; memcpy(Rotation.values, r, sizeof(r)); float t[16] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -Eye.x, -Eye.y, -Eye.z, 1, }; Matrix Translation; memcpy(Translation.values, t, sizeof(t)); View = Rotation * Translation; // i tried reversing this as well (translation*rotation) now, when i try to use this matrix be calling glMultMatrixf, nothing shows up in my engine, while using the same eye, lookat and up values on gluLookAt works perfect as i said before. glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glMultMatrixf(View); the problem must be in somewhere in the code i posted here, i know the problem is not in my Vector3/Matrix classes, because they work fine when creating a projection matrix.

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• glm quaternion camera rotating on wrong axis

  - by Jarrett

  I'm trying to get my camera implemented with a glm::quat used to store the rotation. However, whenever I do circles with the mouse, the camera rotates along the axis I am viewing (i.e. I think it's called the target axis). For example, if I rotated the mouse in a clockwise fashion, the camera rotates clockwise around the axis. I initialize my quaternion like so: void Camera::initialize() { orientationQuaternion_ = glm::quat(); orientationQuaternion_ = glm::normalize(orientationQuaternion_); } I rotate like so: void Camera::rotate(const glm::detail::float32& degrees, const glm::vec3& axis) { orientationQuaternion_ = orientationQuaternion_ * glm::normalize(glm::angleAxis(degrees, axis)); } and I set the viewMatrix like so: void Camera::render() { glm::quat temp = glm::conjugate(orientationQuaternion_); viewMatrix_ = glm::mat4_cast(temp); viewMatrix_ = glm::translate(viewMatrix_, glm::vec3(-pos_.x, -pos_.y, -pos_.z)); } The only axis' I actually try to rotate are the X and Y axis (i.e. (1,0,0) and (0,1,0)). Anyone have any idea why I see my camera rotating around the target axis?

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• Understanding normal maps on terrain

  - by JohnB

  I'm having trouble understanding some of the math behind normal map textures even though I've got it to work using borrowed code, I want to understand it. I have a terrain based on a heightmap. I'm generating a mesh of triangles at load time and rendering that mesh. Now for each vertex I need to calculate a normal, a tangent, and a bitangent. My understanding is as follows, have I got this right? normal is a unit vector facing outwards from the surface of the triangle. For a vertex I take the average of the normals of the triangles using that vertex. tangent is a unit vector in the direction of the 'u' coordinates of the texture map. As my texture u,v coordinates follow the x and y coordinates of the terrain, then my understanding is that this vector is simply the vector along the surface in the x direction. So should be able to calculate this as simply the difference between vertices in the x direction to get a vector, (and normalize it). bitangent is a unit vector in the direction of the 'v' coordinates of the texture map. As my texture u,v coordinates follow the x and y coordinates of the terrain, then my understanding is that this vector is simply the vector along the surface in the y direction. So should be able to calculate this as simply the difference between vertices in the y direction to get a vector, (and normalize it). However the code I have borrowed seems much more complicated than this and takes into account the actual values of u, and v at each vertex which I don't understand the need for as they increase in exactly the same direction as x, and y. I implemented what I thought from above, and it simply doesn't work, the normals are clearly not working for lighting. Have I misunderstood something? Or can someone explain to me the physical meaning of the tangent and bitangent vectors when applied to a mesh generated from a hightmap like this, when u and v texture coordinates map along the x and y directions. Thanks for any help understanding this.

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• Restricting joystick within a radius of center

  - by Phil

  I'm using Unity3d iOs and am using the example joysticks that came with one of the packages. It works fine but the area the joystick moves in is a rectangle which is unintuitive for my type of game. I can figure out how to see if the distance between the center and the current point is too far but I can't figure out how to constrain it to a certain distance without interrupting the finger tracking. Here's the relevant code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class Boundary { public Vector2 min = Vector2.zero; public Vector2 max = Vector2.zero; } public class Joystick : MonoBehaviour{ static private Joystick[] joysticks; // A static collection of all joysticks static private bool enumeratedJoysticks=false; static private float tapTimeDelta = 0.3f; // Time allowed between taps public bool touchPad; // Is this a TouchPad? public Rect touchZone; public Vector2 deadZone = Vector2.zero; // Control when position is output public bool normalize = false; // Normalize output after the dead-zone? public Vector2 position; // [-1, 1] in x,y public int tapCount; // Current tap count private int lastFingerId = -1; // Finger last used for this joystick private float tapTimeWindow; // How much time there is left for a tap to occur private Vector2 fingerDownPos; private float fingerDownTime; private float firstDeltaTime = 0.5f; private GUITexture gui; // Joystick graphic private Rect defaultRect; // Default position / extents of the joystick graphic private Boundary guiBoundary = new Boundary(); // Boundary for joystick graphic public Vector2 guiTouchOffset; // Offset to apply to touch input private Vector2 guiCenter; // Center of joystick private Vector3 tmpv3; private Rect tmprect; private Color tmpclr; public float allowedDistance; public enum JoystickType { movement, rotation } public JoystickType joystickType; public void Start() { // Cache this component at startup instead of looking up every frame gui = (GUITexture) GetComponent( typeof(GUITexture) ); // Store the default rect for the gui, so we can snap back to it defaultRect = gui.pixelInset; if ( touchPad ) { // If a texture has been assigned, then use the rect ferom the gui as our touchZone if ( gui.texture ) touchZone = gui.pixelInset; } else { // This is an offset for touch input to match with the top left // corner of the GUI guiTouchOffset.x = defaultRect.width * 0.5f; guiTouchOffset.y = defaultRect.height * 0.5f; // Cache the center of the GUI, since it doesn't change guiCenter.x = defaultRect.x + guiTouchOffset.x; guiCenter.y = defaultRect.y + guiTouchOffset.y; // Let's build the GUI boundary, so we can clamp joystick movement guiBoundary.min.x = defaultRect.x - guiTouchOffset.x; guiBoundary.max.x = defaultRect.x + guiTouchOffset.x; guiBoundary.min.y = defaultRect.y - guiTouchOffset.y; guiBoundary.max.y = defaultRect.y + guiTouchOffset.y; } } public void Disable() { gameObject.active = false; enumeratedJoysticks = false; } public void ResetJoystick() { if (joystickType != JoystickType.rotation) { //Don't do anything if turret mode // Release the finger control and set the joystick back to the default position gui.pixelInset = defaultRect; lastFingerId = -1; position = Vector2.zero; fingerDownPos = Vector2.zero; if ( touchPad ){ tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.025f; gui.color = tmpclr; } } else { //gui.pixelInset = defaultRect; lastFingerId = -1; position = position; fingerDownPos = fingerDownPos; if ( touchPad ){ tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.025f; gui.color = tmpclr; } } } public bool IsFingerDown() { return (lastFingerId != -1); } public void LatchedFinger( int fingerId ) { // If another joystick has latched this finger, then we must release it if ( lastFingerId == fingerId ) ResetJoystick(); } public void Update() { if ( !enumeratedJoysticks ) { // Collect all joysticks in the game, so we can relay finger latching messages joysticks = (Joystick[]) FindObjectsOfType( typeof(Joystick) ); enumeratedJoysticks = true; } //CHeck if distance is over the allowed amount //Get centerPosition //Get current position //Get distance //If over, don't allow int count = iPhoneInput.touchCount; // Adjust the tap time window while it still available if ( tapTimeWindow > 0 ) tapTimeWindow -= Time.deltaTime; else tapCount = 0; if ( count == 0 ) ResetJoystick(); else { for(int i = 0;i < count; i++) { iPhoneTouch touch = iPhoneInput.GetTouch(i); Vector2 guiTouchPos = touch.position - guiTouchOffset; bool shouldLatchFinger = false; if ( touchPad ) { if ( touchZone.Contains( touch.position ) ) shouldLatchFinger = true; } else if ( gui.HitTest( touch.position ) ) { shouldLatchFinger = true; } // Latch the finger if this is a new touch if ( shouldLatchFinger && ( lastFingerId == -1 || lastFingerId != touch.fingerId ) ) { if ( touchPad ) { tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.15f; gui.color = tmpclr; lastFingerId = touch.fingerId; fingerDownPos = touch.position; fingerDownTime = Time.time; } lastFingerId = touch.fingerId; // Accumulate taps if it is within the time window if ( tapTimeWindow > 0 ) { tapCount++; print("tap" + tapCount.ToString()); } else { tapCount = 1; print("tap" + tapCount.ToString()); //Tell gameobject that player has tapped turret joystick if (joystickType == JoystickType.rotation) { //TODO: Call! } tapTimeWindow = tapTimeDelta; } // Tell other joysticks we've latched this finger foreach ( Joystick j in joysticks ) { if ( j != this ) j.LatchedFinger( touch.fingerId ); } } if ( lastFingerId == touch.fingerId ) { // Override the tap count with what the iPhone SDK reports if it is greater // This is a workaround, since the iPhone SDK does not currently track taps // for multiple touches if ( touch.tapCount > tapCount ) tapCount = touch.tapCount; if ( touchPad ) { // For a touchpad, let's just set the position directly based on distance from initial touchdown position.x = Mathf.Clamp( ( touch.position.x - fingerDownPos.x ) / ( touchZone.width / 2 ), -1, 1 ); position.y = Mathf.Clamp( ( touch.position.y - fingerDownPos.y ) / ( touchZone.height / 2 ), -1, 1 ); } else { // Change the location of the joystick graphic to match where the touch is tmprect = gui.pixelInset; tmprect.x = Mathf.Clamp( guiTouchPos.x, guiBoundary.min.x, guiBoundary.max.x ); tmprect.y = Mathf.Clamp( guiTouchPos.y, guiBoundary.min.y, guiBoundary.max.y ); //Check distance float distance = Vector2.Distance(new Vector2(defaultRect.x, defaultRect.y), new Vector2(tmprect.x, tmprect.y)); float angle = Vector2.Angle(new Vector2(defaultRect.x, defaultRect.y), new Vector2(tmprect.x, tmprect.y)); if (distance < allowedDistance) { //Ok gui.pixelInset = tmprect; } else { //This is where I don't know what to do... } } if ( touch.phase == iPhoneTouchPhase.Ended || touch.phase == iPhoneTouchPhase.Canceled ) ResetJoystick(); } } } if ( !touchPad ) { // Get a value between -1 and 1 based on the joystick graphic location position.x = ( gui.pixelInset.x + guiTouchOffset.x - guiCenter.x ) / guiTouchOffset.x; position.y = ( gui.pixelInset.y + guiTouchOffset.y - guiCenter.y ) / guiTouchOffset.y; } // Adjust for dead zone float absoluteX = Mathf.Abs( position.x ); float absoluteY = Mathf.Abs( position.y ); if ( absoluteX < deadZone.x ) { // Report the joystick as being at the center if it is within the dead zone position.x = 0; } else if ( normalize ) { // Rescale the output after taking the dead zone into account position.x = Mathf.Sign( position.x ) * ( absoluteX - deadZone.x ) / ( 1 - deadZone.x ); } if ( absoluteY < deadZone.y ) { // Report the joystick as being at the center if it is within the dead zone position.y = 0; } else if ( normalize ) { // Rescale the output after taking the dead zone into account position.y = Mathf.Sign( position.y ) * ( absoluteY - deadZone.y ) / ( 1 - deadZone.y ); } } } So the later portion of the code handles the updated position of the joystick thumb. This is where I'd like it to track the finger position in a direction it still is allowed to move (like if the finger is too far up and slightly to the +X I'd like to make sure the joystick is as close in X and Y as allowed within the radius) Thanks for reading!

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• vector rotations for branches of a 3d tree

  - by freefallr

  I'm attempting to create a 3d tree procedurally. I'm hoping that someone can check my vector rotation maths, as I'm a bit confused. I'm using an l-system (a recursive algorithm for generating branches). The trunk of the tree is the root node. It's orientation is aligned to the y axis. In the next iteration of the tree (e.g. the first branches), I might create a branch that is oriented say by +10 degrees in the X axis and a similar amount in the Z axis, relative to the trunk. I know that I should keep a rotation matrix at each branch, so that it can be applied to child branches, along with any modifications to the child branch. My questions then: for the trunk, the rotation matrix - is that just the identity matrix * initial orientation vector ? for the first branch (and subsequent branches) - I'll "inherit" the rotation matrix of the parent branch, and apply x and z rotations to that also. e.g. using glm::normalize; using glm::rotateX; using glm::vec4; using glm::mat4; using glm::rotate; vec4 vYAxis = vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); vec4 vInitial = normalize( rotateX( vYAxis, 10.0f ) ); mat4 mRotation = mat4(1.0); // trunk rotation matrix = identity * initial orientation vector mRotation *= vInitial; // first branch = parent rotation matrix * this branches rotations mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // x rotation mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // z rotation Are my maths and approach correct, or am I completely wrong? Finally, I'm using the glm library with OpenGL / C++ for this. Is the order of x rotation and z rotation important?

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• GLSL Normals not transforming propertly

  - by instancedName

  I've been stuck on this problem for two days. I've read many articles about transforming normals, but I'm just totaly stuck. I understand choping off W component for "turning off" translation, and doing inverse/traspose transformation for non-uniform scaling problem, but my bug seems to be from a different source. So, I've imported a simple ball into OpenGL. Only transformation that I'm applying is rotation over time. But when my ball rotates, the illuminated part of the ball moves around just as it would if direction light direction was changing. I just can't figure out what is the problem. Can anyone help me with this? Here's the GLSL code: Vertex Shader: #version 440 core uniform mat4 World, View, Projection; layout(location = 0) in vec3 VertexPosition; layout(location = 1) in vec3 VertexColor; layout(location = 2) in vec3 VertexNormal; out vec4 Color; out vec3 Normal; void main() { Color = vec4(VertexColor, 1.0); vec4 n = World * vec4(VertexNormal, 0.0f); Normal = n.xyz; gl_Position = Projection * View * World * vec4(VertexPosition, 1.0); } Fragment Shader: #version 440 core uniform vec3 LightDirection = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0); uniform vec3 LightColor = vec3(1f); in vec4 Color; in vec3 Normal; out vec4 FragColor; void main() { diffuse = max(0.0, dot(normalize(-LightDirection), normalize(Normal))); vec4 scatteredLight = vec4(LightColor * diffuse, 1.0f); FragColor = min(Color * scatteredLight, vec4(1.0)); }

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• Algorithm for rating books: Relative perception

  - by suneet

  So I am developing this application for rating books (think like IMDB for books) using relational database. Problem statement : Let's say book "A" deserves 8.5 in absolute sense. In case if A is the best book I have ever seen, I'll most probably rate it 9.5 whereas for someone else, it might be just an average book, so he/they will rate it less (say around 8). Let's assume 4 such guys rate it 8. If there are 10 guys who are like me (who haven't ever read great literature) and they all rate it 9.5-10. This will effectively make it's cumulative rating greater than 9 (9.5*10 + 8*4) / 14 = 9.1 whereas we needed the result to be 8.5 ... How can I take care of(normalize) this bias due to incorrect perception of individuals. MyProposedSolution : Here's one of the ways how I think it could be solved. We can have a variable Lit_coefficient which tells us how much knowledge a user has about literature. If I rate "A"(the book) 9.5 and person "X" rates it 8, then he must have read books much better than "A" and thus his Lit_coefficient should be higher. And then we can normalize the ratings according to the Lit_coefficient of user. Could there be a better algorithm/solution for the same?

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• How can I render a semi transparent model with OpenGL correctly?

  - by phobitor

  I'm using OpenGL ES 2 and I want to render a simple model with some level of transparency. I'm just starting out with shaders, and I wrote a simple diffuse shader for the model without any issues but I don't know how to add transparency to it. I tried to set my fragment shader's output (gl_FragColor) to a non opaque alpha value but the results weren't too great. It sort of works, but it looks like certain model triangles are only rendered based on the camera position... It's really hard to describe what's wrong so please watch this short video I recorded: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0JqA0rZabE I thought this was a depth testing issue so I tried playing around with enabling/disabling depth testing and back face culling. Enabling back face culling changes the output slightly but the problem in the video is still there. Enabling/disabling depth testing doesn't seem to do anything. Could anyone explain what I'm seeing and how I can add some simple transparency to my model with the shader? I'm not looking for advanced order independent transparency implementations. edit: Vertex Shader: // color varying for fragment shader varying mediump vec3 LightIntensity; varying highp vec3 VertexInModelSpace; void main() { // vec4 LightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); vec3 LightColor = vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0); vec3 DiffuseColor = vec3(1.0, 0.25, 0.0); // find the vector from the given vertex to the light source vec4 vertexInWorldSpace = gl_ModelViewMatrix * vec4(gl_Vertex); vec3 normalInWorldSpace = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal); vec3 lightDirn = normalize(vec3(LightPosition-vertexInWorldSpace)); // save vertexInWorldSpace VertexInModelSpace = vec3(gl_Vertex); // calculate light intensity LightIntensity = LightColor * DiffuseColor * max(dot(lightDirn,normalInWorldSpace),0.0); // calculate projected vertex position gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; } Fragment Shader: // varying to define color varying vec3 LightIntensity; varying vec3 VertexInModelSpace; void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(LightIntensity,0.5); }

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• How do I reconstruct depth in deferred rendering using an orthographic projection?

  - by Jeremie

  I've been trying to get my world space position of my pixel but I4m missing something. I'm using a orthographic view for a 2.5d game. My depth is linear and this is my code. float3 lightPos = lightPosition; float2 texCoord = PostProjToScreen(PSIn.lightPosition)+halfPixel; float depth = tex2D(depthMap, texCoord); float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x *2-1; position.y = (1-texCoord.y)*2-1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1; position = mul(position, inViewProjection); //position.xyz/=position.w; // I comment it but even without it it doesn't work float4 normal = (tex2D(normalMap, texCoord)-.5f) * 2; normal = normalize(normal); float3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPos-position); float att = saturate(1.0f - length(lightDirection) /attenuation); float lightning = saturate (dot(normal, lightDirection)); lightning*= brightness; return float4(lightColor* lightning*att, 1); I'm using a sphere but it's not working the way I want. I reproject the texture properly onto the sphere but the light coordinates in the pixel shader seems to be stuck at zero even if when I move the light volume update properly.

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• moving in the wrong direction

  - by Will

  Solution: To move a unit forward: forward = Quaternion(0,0,0,1) rotation.normalize() # ocassionally ... pos += ((rotation * forward) * rotation.conjugated()).xyz().normalized() * speed I think the trouble stemmed from how the Euclid math library was doing Quaternion*Vector3 multiplication, although I can't see it. I have a vec3 position, a quaternion for rotation and a speed. I compute the player position like this: rot *= Quaternion().rotate_euler(0.,roll_speed,pitch_speed) rot.normalize() pos += rot.conjugated() * Vector3(0.,0.,-speed) However, printing the pos to console, I can see that I only ever seem to travel on the x-axis. When I draw the scene using the rot quaternion to rotate my camera, it shows a proper orientation. What am I doing wrong? Here's an example: You start off with rotation being an identity quaternion: w=1,x=0,y=0,z=0 You move forward; the code correctly decrements the Z You then pitch right over to face the other way; if you spin only 175deg it'll go in right direction; you have to spin past 180deg. It doesn't matter which direction you spin in, up or down, though Your quaternion can then be something like: w=0.1,x=0.1,y=0,z=0 And moving forward, you actually move backward?! (I am using the euclid Python module, but its the same as every other conjulate) The code can be tried online at http://williame.github.com/ludum_dare_24_evolution/ The only key that adjusts the speed is W and S. The arrow keys only adjust the pitch/roll. At first you can fly ok, but after a bit of weaving around you end up getting sucked towards one of the sides. The code is https://github.com/williame/ludum_dare_24_evolution/blob/cbacf61a7159d2c83a2187af5f2015b2dde28687/tiny1web.py#L102

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• Off center projection

  - by N0xus

  I'm trying to implement the code that was freely given by a very kind developer at the following link: http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/142383-Code-sample-Off-Center-Projection-Code-for-VR-CAVE-or-just-for-fun Right now, all I'm trying to do is bring it in on one camera, but I have a few issues. My class, looks as follows: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class PerspectiveOffCenter : MonoBehaviour { // Use this for initialization void Start () { } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { } public static Matrix4x4 GeneralizedPerspectiveProjection(Vector3 pa, Vector3 pb, Vector3 pc, Vector3 pe, float near, float far) { Vector3 va, vb, vc; Vector3 vr, vu, vn; float left, right, bottom, top, eyedistance; Matrix4x4 transformMatrix; Matrix4x4 projectionM; Matrix4x4 eyeTranslateM; Matrix4x4 finalProjection; ///Calculate the orthonormal for the screen (the screen coordinate system vr = pb - pa; vr.Normalize(); vu = pc - pa; vu.Normalize(); vn = Vector3.Cross(vr, vu); vn.Normalize(); //Calculate the vector from eye (pe) to screen corners (pa, pb, pc) va = pa-pe; vb = pb-pe; vc = pc-pe; //Get the distance;; from the eye to the screen plane eyedistance = -(Vector3.Dot(va, vn)); //Get the varaibles for the off center projection left = (Vector3.Dot(vr, va)*near)/eyedistance; right = (Vector3.Dot(vr, vb)*near)/eyedistance; bottom = (Vector3.Dot(vu, va)*near)/eyedistance; top = (Vector3.Dot(vu, vc)*near)/eyedistance; //Get this projection projectionM = PerspectiveOffCenter(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); //Fill in the transform matrix transformMatrix = new Matrix4x4(); transformMatrix[0, 0] = vr.x; transformMatrix[0, 1] = vr.y; transformMatrix[0, 2] = vr.z; transformMatrix[0, 3] = 0; transformMatrix[1, 0] = vu.x; transformMatrix[1, 1] = vu.y; transformMatrix[1, 2] = vu.z; transformMatrix[1, 3] = 0; transformMatrix[2, 0] = vn.x; transformMatrix[2, 1] = vn.y; transformMatrix[2, 2] = vn.z; transformMatrix[2, 3] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 0] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 1] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 2] = 0; transformMatrix[3, 3] = 1; //Now for the eye transform eyeTranslateM = new Matrix4x4(); eyeTranslateM[0, 0] = 1; eyeTranslateM[0, 1] = 0; eyeTranslateM[0, 2] = 0; eyeTranslateM[0, 3] = -pe.x; eyeTranslateM[1, 0] = 0; eyeTranslateM[1, 1] = 1; eyeTranslateM[1, 2] = 0; eyeTranslateM[1, 3] = -pe.y; eyeTranslateM[2, 0] = 0; eyeTranslateM[2, 1] = 0; eyeTranslateM[2, 2] = 1; eyeTranslateM[2, 3] = -pe.z; eyeTranslateM[3, 0] = 0; eyeTranslateM[3, 1] = 0; eyeTranslateM[3, 2] = 0; eyeTranslateM[3, 3] = 1f; //Multiply all together finalProjection = new Matrix4x4(); finalProjection = Matrix4x4.identity * projectionM*transformMatrix*eyeTranslateM; //finally return return finalProjection; } // Update is called once per frame public void FixedUpdate () { Camera cam = camera; //calculate projection Matrix4x4 genProjection = GeneralizedPerspectiveProjection( new Vector3(0,1,0), new Vector3(1,1,0), new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(0,0,0), cam.nearClipPlane, cam.farClipPlane); //(BottomLeftCorner, BottomRightCorner, TopLeftCorner, trackerPosition, cam.nearClipPlane, cam.farClipPlane); cam.projectionMatrix = genProjection; } } My error lies in projectionM = PerspectiveOffCenter(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); The debugger states: Expression denotes a `type', where a 'variable', 'value' or 'method group' was expected. Thus, I changed the line to read: projectionM = new PerspectiveOffCenter(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); But then the error is changed to: The type 'PerspectiveOffCenter' does not contain a constructor that takes '6' arguments. For reasons that are obvious. So, finally, I changed the line to read: projectionM = new GeneralizedPerspectiveProjection(left, right, bottom, top, near, far); And the error I get is: is a 'method' but a 'type' was expected. With this last error, I'm not sure what it is I should do / missing. Can anyone see what it is that I'm missing to fix this error?

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