Search Results

Search found 5128 results on 206 pages for 'member hiding'.

Page 40/206 | < Previous Page | 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47  | Next Page >

  • Why doesn't 'Q' unify in this PROLOG program

    - by inspectorG4dget
    Hello SO, I am writing a PROLOG program in which the variable of interest (Q) refuses to unify. I have gotten around this with a hacky solution (include a write statement). But there has to be a way to make this unify, but for the love of me, I am not able to figure it out. I'd really appreciate any help. Thanks in advance. Here is my code (I have annotated wherever I have excluded code for brevity) :- use_module(library(bounds)). :- use_module(library(lists)). solve([17],Q,_,_,_):- write(Q). %this is the hacky workaround solve(L,Q,1,3,2) :- jump(L,Q,N,1,3,2,R), solve(N,R,S,D,M), member([S|[D|[M|[]]]],[[1, 3, 2], [1, 9, 4], [2, 10, 5] this list contains 76 items - all of which are lists of length 3. I have omitted them here for the sake of brevity]). % there are about 75 other definitions for solve, all of which are structured exactly the same. The only difference is that the numbers in the input parameters will be different in each definition jump(L,Q,N,S,D,M,R):- member(S,L), not(member(D,L)), member(M,L), delete(L,S,X), delete(X,M,Y), append(Y,[D],N), append(Q,[[S,D]],R). cross_sol(Q) :- solve([5,9,10,11,17,24],[],S,D,M), member([S,D,M], [ I have edited out this list here for the sake of brevity. It is the same list found in the definition of solve ]). For some reason, Q does not unify. Please help!

    Read the article

  • Umbraco -- controlling access to media by membership

    - by Ryan
    I need to set up access to media files with the following structure: A media folder is designated as belonging to a specific member group. Then, a sub-folder below that needs to be available to a subset of members from the parent's member group. Any thoughts on how this can best be accomplished? I'll render the actual file download links with a user control, but how should I set up this access control on the back end? I need a member-group picker and a multiple member picker. Do these exist anywhere?

    Read the article

  • XPath: How to check multiple attributes across similar nodes

    - by Justin
    Hi, If I have some xml like: <root> <customers> <customer firstname="Joe" lastname="Bloggs" description="Member of the Bloggs family"/> <customer firstname="Joe" lastname="Soap" description="Member of the Soap family"/> <customer firstname="Fred" lastname="Bloggs" description="Member of the Bloggs family"/> <customer firstname="Jane" lastname="Bloggs" description="Is a member of the Bloggs family"/> </customers> </root> How do I get, in pure XPath - not XSLT - an xpath expression that detects rows where lastname is the same, but has a different description? So it would pull the last node above? Thanks a mill if you can help, been scratching at it for ages, and I can't find it by searching (apologies if it is) Cheers, J

    Read the article

  • jQuery UI sortable - sorting images

    - by GSTAR
    I've just implemented the jQuery UI sortable plugin for a set of images. The markup I have is as follows: <ul id="images" class="ui-sortable"> <li id="7884029"><img src="/images/member/4698568/7884029_t.jpg" alt="" /></li> <li id="7379458"><img src="/images/member/4698568/7379458_t.jpg" alt="" /></li> <li id="1704208"><img src="/images/member/4698568/1704208_t.jpg" alt="" /></li> <li id="1750715"><img src="/images/member/4698568/1750715_t.jpg" alt="" /></li> <li id="4364912"><img src="/images/member/4698568/4364912_t.png" alt="" /></li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ jQuery(function($) { jQuery('#images').sortable({'delay':'100'}); }); /*]]>*/ </script> The LI id is the 'name' column in the DB table - I prefer not to display the ID column. Now my question is how do I capture the sorting? I understand this would be an AJAX request but I have no idea how to do it. I have set up a sort_order column in my DB table and I am using PHP as my scripting language. I could do with a code example. EDIT: Ideally I prefer if the sort order is applied upon moving an item, i.e. I do not want to enclose it all in a form.

    Read the article

  • Is there a way to sort by more than one field in Crystal Reports?

    - by John at CashCommons
    I'm using Crystal Report with VB.NET in Visual Studio 2005. I have report that works if I pass in a list of List(Of Stuff). I had been sorting the report by one of the members of Stuff but a need now to sort first by one member, like Stuff.StatusCode and then by another member, like Stuff.ItemNumber. Can I do this just be having more than one SortField member, or do I need to do it some other way? Thanks as always!

    Read the article

  • customvalidator onServerValidate not firing

    - by Jamie
    I have a Radio button List and Text Box both with validation. <asp:RadioButtonList ID="member" runat="server" RepeatDirection="Horizontal"> <asp:ListItem>Yes</asp:ListItem> <asp:ListItem>No</asp:ListItem> </asp:RadioButtonList> <asp:requiredfieldvalidator id="unionvalidator" runat="server" controltovalidate="member" errormessage="Required" /> Required if member == "yes" <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="union"></asp:TextBox> <asp:customvalidator ID="Customvalidator1" runat="server" ValidateEmptyText="true" onServerValidate="UnionValidate" errormessage="Your current union is required" /> My ServerValidate which doesn't fire at all. public void UnionValidate(object source, ServerValidateEventArgs args) { if (member.Text == "yes" && union.Text.Trim() == "") args.IsValid = false; }

    Read the article

  • Esoteric C++ operators

    - by Neil G
    What is the purpose of the following esoteric C++ operators? Pointer to member ::* Bind pointer to member by pointer ->* Bind pointer to member by reference .* (reference)

    Read the article

  • Creating a Contact form in Visual Studio ASPX and saving to an XML file when clicking SUBMIT

    - by user327137
    hey people hope all is well.. i am trying to create a form in VS using ASP that when upon submitting a form the details will get automatically stored in an xml file which can be accessed later on a chosen file save path i have 2 files ... "Contact.aspx" and "Contact.aspx.vb" i have created the form in the "Contact.aspx" and when trying to enter the fields in the "contact.aspx.vb" i keep getting several errors such as for example... Error 5 'Formatting' is not a member of 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.XmlBuilder' Error 6 'WriteStartDocument' is not a member of 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.XmlBuilder'. Error 7 'WriteComment' is not a member of 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.XmlBuilder'. Error 8 'WriteStartElement' is not a member of 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.XmlBuilder'. Error 10 'WriteAttributeString' is not a member of 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.XmlBuilder'. there is like 30 errors in total... im literally stuck out my head been trying for 2 days now and can't grasp what im doing wrong ive tried even some of the tutorials online but loads of errors... hope some1 can fix this thank you

    Read the article

  • Django ManyToMany Membership errors making associations

    - by jmitchel3
    I'm trying to have a "member admin" in which they have hundreds of members in the group. These members can be in several groups. Admins can remove access for the member ideally in the view. I'm having trouble just creating the group. I used a ManytoManyField to get started. Ideally, the "member admin" would be able to either select existing Users OR it would be able to Add/Invite new ones via email address. Here's what I have: #views.py def membership(request): group = Group.objects.all().filter(user=request.user) GroupFormSet = modelformset_factory(Group, form=MembershipForm) if request.method == 'POST': formset = GroupFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, queryset=group) if formset.is_valid(): formset.save(commit=False) for form in formset: form.instance.user = request.user formset.save() return render_to_response('formset.html', locals(), context_instance=RequestContext(request)) else: formset= GroupFormSet(queryset=group) return render_to_response('formset.html', locals(), context_instance=RequestContext(request)) #models.py class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) members = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='community_members', through='Membership') user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='community_creator', null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Membership(models.Model): member = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='user_membership', blank=True, null=True) group = models.ForeignKey(Group, related_name='community_membership', blank=True, null=True) date_joined = models.DateField(auto_now=True, blank=True, null=True) class Meta: unique_together = ('member', 'group') Any ideas? Thank you for your help.

    Read the article

  • can bind successfully to the ldap server, but needs to know how to find user w/i AD

    - by Brad
    I create a login form to bind to the ldap server, if successful, it creates a session (which the user's username is stored within), then I go to another page that has session_start(); and it works fine. What I want to do now, is add code to test if that user is a member of a specific group. So in theory, this is what I want to do if(username session is valid) { search ldap for user -> get list of groups user is member of foreach(group they are member of) { switch(group) { case STAFF: print 'they are member of staff group'; $access = true; break; default: print 'not a member of STAFF group'; $access = false; break; } if(group == STAFF) { break; } } if($access == TRUE) { // you have access to the content on this page } else { // you do not have access to this page } } How do I do a ldap_search w/o binding? I don't want to keep asking for their password on each page, and I can't pass their password thru a session. Any help is appreciated.

    Read the article

  • JPA2 + Hibernate + Order By

    - by Jan
    Hi. Is it possible (using Hibernate and JPA2 Criteria Builder [1]) to order by a method's result rather than an entity's member? public class X { protected X() {} public String member; public String getEvaluatedValue() { // order by return "some text " + member; } } What I want to achive is order by the result of getEvaluatedValue(). Is that possible? Thanks in advanced. [1] http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/entitymanager/3.5/reference/en/html_single/#querycriteria

    Read the article

  • How do I unit test the methods in a method object?

    - by Sancho
    I've performed the "Replace Method with Method Object" refactoring described by Beck. Now, I have a class with a "run()" method and a bunch of member functions that decompose the computation into smaller units. How do I test those member functions? My first idea is that my unit tests be basically copies of the "run()" method (with different initializations), but with assertions between each call to the member functions to check the state of the computation. (I'm using Python and the unittest module.)

    Read the article

  • C++ Newbie Question

    - by JavaMan
    I am from a Java background and is learning C++. I encountered the following C++ code: String source = String::New("'Hello' + ', World'"); As what I understand so far, this should be a call to static member function 'New' of class 'String'. But, I've searched through the whole header file defining 'String', there is not any static member named 'New' in the String class or its super classes. Is there any special meaning attached to String class or the New member function in C++?

    Read the article

  • Accessing any structs members at run-time.

    - by jmgunn
    Is it possible to get access to an individual member of a struct or class without knowing the names of its member variables? I would like to do an "offsetof(struct, tyname)" without having the struct name or member variable name hard coded amoungst other things. thanks.

    Read the article

  • :any option for rails 3 routes

    - by user357523
    In rails 2 you can use the :any option to define a custom route that responds to any request method e.g. map.resources :items, :member => {:erase => :any} rails 3 doesn't seem to support the :any option resources :items do get :erase, :on => :member # works any :erase, :on => :member # doesn't work end does anyone know if this option has been removed or just renamed?

    Read the article

  • how to access child instances in a vector in c++

    - by tsubasa
    I have a parent class and child class (inherited from parent). In the child class, I have a member function named function_blah(); I used vector<parent*> A to store 5 parent instances, 3 child instances. So the total number of elements in the vector is 8. I can easily access to member functions of element A[0] to A[4], which are parent instances. But whenever I try to have access to member functions of element A[5] to A[7], the compiler complains that class parent has no member named 'function_blah' The way I access to elements is using index. e.x A[i] with i = 0..7. Is it correct? if not, how?

    Read the article

  • [Grails] HibernateException: No session currently bound to execution context

    - by user289206
    I'm trying to create a very basic REST-ish web service with Grails and Postgres. I have the read() & delete() methods working, but I can't get create() to work. Hibernate just gripes, "HibernateException: No session currently bound to execution context." Here's my create method: def create = { def member = new Member(params) member.save() render(status: 201) } Any advice would be great. Thanks.

    Read the article

  • linq2sql left join with "multiselect"

    - by just_azho
    Hi, folks I'm trying to achieve following by linq2sql, but not successful. I've Member and Reference tables. DB is design in such a manner that Member can have multiple (=0) References. What I want as a result of query is, list (rows) of members, where all references of the member are "collected" in one column. What I had achieved is following query, but for this one there exist a row for each Reference. var refs = (from m in db.Members join r in db.References on m.PID equals r.PID into g from o in g.DefaultIfEmpty() select new { member = m, name = (o == null ? "" : o.NameSurname) }); I feel I need to insert SelectMany somewher :) Could you please give hints on achieving the goal?

    Read the article

  • troubles creating a List of doubles from a list of objects

    - by Michel
    Hi, i have a list with objects. The object has a property 'Sales' which is a string. Now i want to create a list of doubles with the values of all objects' 'Sales' properties. I tried this: var tmp = from n in e.Result select new{ Convert.ToDouble ( n.Sales) }; but this gives me this error: Error 106 Invalid anonymous type member declarator. Anonymous type members must be declared with a member assignment, simple name or member access.

    Read the article

  • possible implementations of casting in c++

    - by lego69
    I have this snippet of the code in my header: class A { private: int player; public: A(int initPlayer = 0); A(const A&); A& operator=(const A&); ~A(); void foo() const; friend int operator==(const A& i, const A& member) const; }; implementation of the operator== int operator==(const A& i, const A& member) const{ if(i.player == member.player){ return 1; } return 0; } and I need casting for this part of my code: A *pa1 = new A(a2); assert(i == *pa1); i - is some int, which my function receives I receive an error non-member function, How can I fix it? thanks in advance

    Read the article

  • pecl-ssh2-0.11 Freebsd Compile error after upgrading to php 5.3.2

    - by penfold45
    Hi I've been looking for answers for this all day and can find nothing to solve my issue. I also came across a question about this port on serverfault that I just answered and will hopefully help someone else. however my problem is this. While running "make" in /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2 I get this error === Building for pecl-ssh2-0.11 /bin/sh /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/include -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/main -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11 -I/usr/local/include/php -I/usr/local/include/php/main -I/usr/local/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/include/php/ext/date/lib -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -O2 -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -c /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c -o ssh2.lo cc -I. -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/include -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/main -I/usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11 -I/usr/local/include/php -I/usr/local/include/php/main -I/usr/local/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/include/php/ext/date/lib -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -O2 -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -c /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/ssh2.o /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_methods_negotiated': /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:502: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:503: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:507: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:508: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:509: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:510: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:515: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:516: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:517: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:518: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_poll': /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:891: error: 'zval' has no member named 'is_ref' /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:891: error: 'zval' has no member named 'refcount' /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:901: error: 'zval' has no member named 'is_ref' /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:902: error: 'zval' has no member named 'refcount' /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_publickey_add': /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:1011: error: 'zval' has no member named 'is_ref' /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:1012: error: 'zval' has no member named 'refcount' /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:1044: warning: passing argument 1 of '_efree' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_publickey_list': /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:1103: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_stringl_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11/ssh2.c:1104: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_stringl_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2/work/ssh2-0.11. *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/security/pecl-ssh2. I am trying to recompile this port after upgrading from php 5.2.12 to php 5.3.2 which was released on freebsd over the weekend. I have run out of ideas and steam with this so if anyone has any ideas on what this might be I would be truly grateful.

    Read the article

  • Why does JAXB not create a member variable in its generated code when an XML schema base type and subtype have the same element declared in them?

    - by belltower
    I have a question regarding with regard to JAXB generated classes. As you can I see, I have a complex type, DG_PaymentIdentification1, declared in my schema. Its a restriction of PaymentIdentification1. DG_PaymentIdentification1 is also identical to PaymentIdentification1. I also have a type called DG_CreditTransferTransactionInformation10 which has a base type of CreditTransferTransactionInformation10 and is identical to it. I have included the relevant XML schema snippets below. <xs:complexType name="DG_PaymentIdentification1"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:restriction base="PaymentIdentification1"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="InstrId" type="DG_Max35Text_REF" minOccurs="0"/> <xs:element name="EndToEndId" type="DG_Max35Text_REF" id="DG-41"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:restriction> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="PaymentIdentification1"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="InstrId" type="Max35Text" minOccurs="0"/> <xs:element name="EndToEndId" type="Max35Text"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="DG_CreditTransferTransactionInformation10"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:restriction base="CreditTransferTransactionInformation10"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="PmtId" type="DG_PaymentIdentification1"/> <xs:simpleType name="DG_Max35Text_REF"> <xs:restriction base="DG_NotEmpty35"> <xs:pattern value="[\-A-Za-z0-9\+/\?:\(\)\.,'&#x20;]*"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <xs:simpleType name="Max35Text"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:minLength value="1"/> <xs:maxLength value="35"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> JAXB generates the following java class for DG_PaymentIdentification1: @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) @XmlType(name = "DG_CreditTransferTransactionInformDGion10") public class DGCreditTransferTransactionInformation10 extends CreditTransferTransactionInformation10 { } My question is why doesnt the DGCreditTransferTransactionInformation10 generated class have a variable of type DG_PaymentIdentification1 in the generated code? The base class CreditTransferTransactionInformation10 does have a type PaymentIdentification1 declared in it. Is there any way of ensuring that DGCreditTransferTransactionInformation10 will have a DG_PaymentIdentification1 in it?

    Read the article

  • From Binary to Data Structures

    - by Cédric Menzi
    Table of Contents Introduction PE file format and COFF header COFF file header BaseCoffReader Byte4ByteCoffReader UnsafeCoffReader ManagedCoffReader Conclusion History This article is also available on CodeProject Introduction Sometimes, you want to parse well-formed binary data and bring it into your objects to do some dirty stuff with it. In the Windows world most data structures are stored in special binary format. Either we call a WinApi function or we want to read from special files like images, spool files, executables or may be the previously announced Outlook Personal Folders File. Most specifications for these files can be found on the MSDN Libarary: Open Specification In my example, we are going to get the COFF (Common Object File Format) file header from a PE (Portable Executable). The exact specification can be found here: PECOFF PE file format and COFF header Before we start we need to know how this file is formatted. The following figure shows an overview of the Microsoft PE executable format. Source: Microsoft Our goal is to get the PE header. As we can see, the image starts with a MS-DOS 2.0 header with is not important for us. From the documentation we can read "...After the MS DOS stub, at the file offset specified at offset 0x3c, is a 4-byte...". With this information we know our reader has to jump to location 0x3c and read the offset to the signature. The signature is always 4 bytes that ensures that the image is a PE file. The signature is: PE\0\0. To prove this we first seek to the offset 0x3c, read if the file consist the signature. So we need to declare some constants, because we do not want magic numbers.   private const int PeSignatureOffsetLocation = 0x3c; private const int PeSignatureSize = 4; private const string PeSignatureContent = "PE";   Then a method for moving the reader to the correct location to read the offset of signature. With this method we always move the underlining Stream of the BinaryReader to the start location of the PE signature.   private void SeekToPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // seek to the offset for the PE signagure br.BaseStream.Seek(PeSignatureOffsetLocation, SeekOrigin.Begin); // read the offset int offsetToPeSig = br.ReadInt32(); // seek to the start of the PE signature br.BaseStream.Seek(offsetToPeSig, SeekOrigin.Begin); }   Now, we can check if it is a valid PE image by reading of the next 4 byte contains the content PE.   private bool IsValidPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // read 4 bytes to get the PE signature byte[] peSigBytes = br.ReadBytes(PeSignatureSize); // convert it to a string and trim \0 at the end of the content string peContent = Encoding.Default.GetString(peSigBytes).TrimEnd('\0'); // check if PE is in the content return peContent.Equals(PeSignatureContent); }   With this basic functionality we have a good base reader class to try the different methods of parsing the COFF file header. COFF file header The COFF header has the following structure: Offset Size Field 0 2 Machine 2 2 NumberOfSections 4 4 TimeDateStamp 8 4 PointerToSymbolTable 12 4 NumberOfSymbols 16 2 SizeOfOptionalHeader 18 2 Characteristics If we translate this table to code, we get something like this:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public MachineType Machine; public ushort NumberOfSections; public uint TimeDateStamp; public uint PointerToSymbolTable; public uint NumberOfSymbols; public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader; public Characteristic Characteristics; } BaseCoffReader All readers do the same thing, so we go to the patterns library in our head and see that Strategy pattern or Template method pattern is sticked out in the bookshelf. I have decided to take the template method pattern in this case, because the Parse() should handle the IO for all implementations and the concrete parsing should done in its derived classes.   public CoffHeader Parse() { using (var br = new BinaryReader(File.Open(_fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))) { SeekToPeSignature(br); if (!IsValidPeSignature(br)) { throw new BadImageFormatException(); } return ParseInternal(br); } } protected abstract CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br);   First we open the BinaryReader, seek to the PE signature then we check if it contains a valid PE signature and rest is done by the derived implementations. Byte4ByteCoffReader The first solution is using the BinaryReader. It is the general way to get the data. We only need to know which order, which data-type and its size. If we read byte for byte we could comment out the first line in the CoffHeader structure, because we have control about the order of the member assignment.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { CoffHeader coff = new CoffHeader(); coff.Machine = (MachineType)br.ReadInt16(); coff.NumberOfSections = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.TimeDateStamp = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.PointerToSymbolTable = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.NumberOfSymbols = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.Characteristics = (Characteristic)br.ReadInt16(); return coff; }   If the structure is as short as the COFF header here and the specification will never changed, there is probably no reason to change the strategy. But if a data-type will be changed, a new member will be added or ordering of member will be changed the maintenance costs of this method are very high. UnsafeCoffReader Another way to bring the data into this structure is using a "magically" unsafe trick. As above, we know the layout and order of the data structure. Now, we need the StructLayout attribute, because we have to ensure that the .NET Runtime allocates the structure in the same order as it is specified in the source code. We also need to enable "Allow unsafe code (/unsafe)" in the project's build properties. Then we need to add the following constructor to the CoffHeader structure.   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { unsafe { fixed (byte* packet = &data[0]) { this = *(CoffHeader*)packet; } } } }   The "magic" trick is in the statement: this = *(CoffHeader*)packet;. What happens here? We have a fixed size of data somewhere in the memory and because a struct in C# is a value-type, the assignment operator = copies the whole data of the structure and not only the reference. To fill the structure with data, we need to pass the data as bytes into the CoffHeader structure. This can be achieved by reading the exact size of the structure from the PE file.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { return new CoffHeader(br.ReadBytes(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)))); }   This solution is the fastest way to parse the data and bring it into the structure, but it is unsafe and it could introduce some security and stability risks. ManagedCoffReader In this solution we are using the same approach of the structure assignment as above. But we need to replace the unsafe part in the constructor with the following managed part:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { IntPtr coffPtr = IntPtr.Zero; try { int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)); coffPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); Marshal.Copy(data, 0, coffPtr, size); this = (CoffHeader)Marshal.PtrToStructure(coffPtr, typeof(CoffHeader)); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(coffPtr); } } }     Conclusion We saw that we can parse well-formed binary data to our data structures using different approaches. The first is probably the clearest way, because we know each member and its size and ordering and we have control about the reading the data for each member. But if add member or the structure is going change by some reason, we need to change the reader. The two other solutions use the approach of the structure assignment. In the unsafe implementation we need to compile the project with the /unsafe option. We increase the performance, but we get some security risks.

    Read the article

< Previous Page | 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47  | Next Page >