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  • exclude private property from print_r or object?

    - by Hailwood
    Basically I am using Code Igniter, and the Code Igniter base class is huge, when I print_r some of my objects they have the base class embedded inside them. this makes it a pain to get the information I actually wanted (the rest of the properties). So, I am wondering if there is a way I can hide, or remove the base class object? I have tried clone $object; unset($object->ci); print_r($object); but of course the ci property is private. the actual function I am using for dumping is: /** * Outputs the given variables with formatting and location. Huge props * out to Phil Sturgeon for this one (http://philsturgeon.co.uk/blog/2010/09/power-dump-php-applications). * To use, pass in any number of variables as arguments. * Optional pass in "true" as final argument to kill script after dump * * @return void */ function dump() { list($callee) = debug_backtrace(); $arguments = func_get_args(); $total_arguments = count($arguments); if (end($arguments) === true) $total_arguments--; echo '<fieldset style="background: #fefefe !important; border:2px red solid; padding:5px">'; echo '<legend style="background:lightgrey; padding:5px;">' . $callee['file'] . ' @ line: ' . $callee['line'] . '</legend><pre>'; $i = 0; foreach ($arguments as $argument) { //if the last argument is true we don't want to display it. if ($i == ($total_arguments) && $argument === true) break; echo '<br/><strong>Debug #' . (++$i) . ' of ' . $total_arguments . '</strong>: '; if ((is_array($argument) || is_object($argument)) && count($argument)) { print_r($argument); } else { var_dump($argument); } } echo '</pre>' . PHP_EOL; echo '</fieldset>' . PHP_EOL; //if the very last argument is "true" then die if (end($arguments) === true) die('Killing Script'); }

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  • how to use 3D map Actionscript class in mxml file for display map.

    - by nemade-vipin
    hello friends, I have created the application in which I have to use 3D map Action Script class in mxml file to display a map in form. that is in tab navigator last tab. My ActionScript 3D map class is(FlyingDirections):- package src.SBTSCoreObject { import src.SBTSCoreObject.JSONDecoder; import com.google.maps.InfoWindowOptions; import com.google.maps.LatLng; import com.google.maps.LatLngBounds; import com.google.maps.Map3D; import com.google.maps.MapEvent; import com.google.maps.MapOptions; import com.google.maps.MapType; import com.google.maps.MapUtil; import com.google.maps.View; import com.google.maps.controls.NavigationControl; import com.google.maps.geom.Attitude; import com.google.maps.interfaces.IPolyline; import com.google.maps.overlays.Marker; import com.google.maps.overlays.MarkerOptions; import com.google.maps.services.Directions; import com.google.maps.services.DirectionsEvent; import com.google.maps.services.Route; import flash.display.Bitmap; import flash.display.DisplayObject; import flash.display.DisplayObjectContainer; import flash.display.Loader; import flash.display.LoaderInfo; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.IOErrorEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.TimerEvent; import flash.filters.DropShadowFilter; import flash.geom.Point; import flash.net.URLLoader; import flash.net.URLRequest; import flash.net.navigateToURL; import flash.text.TextField; import flash.text.TextFieldAutoSize; import flash.text.TextFormat; import flash.utils.Timer; import flash.utils.getTimer; public class FlyingDirections extends Map3D { /** * Panoramio home page. */ private static const PANORAMIO_HOME:String = "http://www.panoramio.com/"; /** * The icon for the car. */ [Embed("assets/car-icon-24px.png")] private static const Car:Class; /** * The Panoramio icon. */ [Embed("assets/iw_panoramio.png")] private static const PanoramioIcon:Class; /** * We animate a zoom in to the start the route before the car starts * to move. This constant sets the time in seconds over which this * zoom occurs. */ private static const LEAD_IN_DURATION:Number = 3; /** * Duration of the trip in seconds. */ private static const TRIP_DURATION:Number = 40; /** * Constants that define the geometry of the Panoramio image markers. */ private static const BORDER_T:Number = 3; private static const BORDER_L:Number = 10; private static const BORDER_R:Number = 10; private static const BORDER_B:Number = 3; private static const GAP_T:Number = 2; private static const GAP_B:Number = 1; private static const IMAGE_SCALE:Number = 1; /** * Trajectory that the camera follows over time. Each element is an object * containing properties used to generate parameter values for flyTo(..). * fraction = 0 corresponds to the start of the trip; fraction = 1 * correspondsto the end of the trip. */ private var FLY_TRAJECTORY:Array = [ { fraction: 0, zoom: 6, attitude: new Attitude(0, 0, 0) }, { fraction: 0.2, zoom: 8.5, attitude: new Attitude(30, 30, 0) }, { fraction: 0.5, zoom: 9, attitude: new Attitude(30, 40, 0) }, { fraction: 1, zoom: 8, attitude: new Attitude(50, 50, 0) }, { fraction: 1.1, zoom: 8, attitude: new Attitude(130, 50, 0) }, { fraction: 1.2, zoom: 8, attitude: new Attitude(220, 50, 0) }, ]; /** * Number of panaramio photos for which we load data. We&apos;ll select a * subset of these approximately evenly spaced along the route. */ private static const NUM_GEOTAGGED_PHOTOS:int = 50; /** * Number of panaramio photos that we actually show. */ private static const NUM_SHOWN_PHOTOS:int = 7; /** * Scaling between real trip time and animation time. */ private static const SCALE_TIME:Number = 0.001; /** * getTimer() value at the instant that we start the trip. If this is 0 then * we have not yet started the car moving. */ private var startTimer:int = 0; /** * The current route. */ private var route:Route; /** * The polyline for the route. */ private var polyline:IPolyline; /** * The car marker. */ private var marker:Marker; /** * The cumulative duration in seconds over each step in the route. * cumulativeStepDuration[0] is 0; cumulativeStepDuration[1] adds the * duration of step 0; cumulativeStepDuration[2] adds the duration * of step 1; etc. */ private var cumulativeStepDuration:/*Number*/Array = []; /** * The cumulative distance in metres over each vertex in the route polyline. * cumulativeVertexDistance[0] is 0; cumulativeVertexDistance[1] adds the * distance to vertex 1; cumulativeVertexDistance[2] adds the distance to * vertex 2; etc. */ private var cumulativeVertexDistance:Array; /** * Array of photos loaded from Panoramio. This array has the same format as * the &apos;photos&apos; property within the JSON returned by the Panoramio API * (see http://www.panoramio.com/api/), with additional properties added to * individual photo elements to hold the loader structures that fetch * the actual images. */ private var photos:Array = []; /** * Array of polyline vertices, where each element is in world coordinates. * Several computations can be faster if we can use world coordinates * instead of LatLng coordinates. */ private var worldPoly:/*Point*/Array; /** * Whether the start button has been pressed. */ private var startButtonPressed:Boolean = false; /** * Saved event from onDirectionsSuccess call. */ private var directionsSuccessEvent:DirectionsEvent = null; /** * Start button. */ private var startButton:Sprite; /** * Alpha value used for the Panoramio image markers. */ private var markerAlpha:Number = 0; /** * Index of the current driving direction step. Used to update the * info window content each time we progress to a new step. */ private var currentStepIndex:int = -1; /** * The fly directions map constructor. * * @constructor */ public function FlyingDirections() { key="ABQIAAAA7QUChpcnvnmXxsjC7s1fCxQGj0PqsCtxKvarsoS-iqLdqZSKfxTd7Xf-2rEc_PC9o8IsJde80Wnj4g"; super(); addEventListener(MapEvent.MAP_PREINITIALIZE, onMapPreinitialize); addEventListener(MapEvent.MAP_READY, onMapReady); } /** * Handles map preintialize. Initializes the map center and zoom level. * * @param event The map event. */ private function onMapPreinitialize(event:MapEvent):void { setInitOptions(new MapOptions({ center: new LatLng(-26.1, 135.1), zoom: 4, viewMode: View.VIEWMODE_PERSPECTIVE, mapType:MapType.PHYSICAL_MAP_TYPE })); } /** * Handles map ready and looks up directions. * * @param event The map event. */ private function onMapReady(event:MapEvent):void { enableScrollWheelZoom(); enableContinuousZoom(); addControl(new NavigationControl()); // The driving animation will be updated on every frame. addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, enterFrame); addStartButton(); // We start the directions loading now, so that we&apos;re ready to go when // the user hits the start button. var directions:Directions = new Directions(); directions.addEventListener( DirectionsEvent.DIRECTIONS_SUCCESS, onDirectionsSuccess); directions.addEventListener( DirectionsEvent.DIRECTIONS_FAILURE, onDirectionsFailure); directions.load("48 Pirrama Rd, Pyrmont, NSW to Byron Bay, NSW"); } /** * Adds a big blue start button. */ private function addStartButton():void { startButton = new Sprite(); startButton.buttonMode = true; startButton.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onStartClick); startButton.graphics.beginFill(0x1871ce); startButton.graphics.drawRoundRect(0, 0, 150, 100, 10, 10); startButton.graphics.endFill(); var startField:TextField = new TextField(); startField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; startField.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 20, 0xffffff, true); startField.text = "Start!"; startButton.addChild(startField); startField.x = 0.5 * (startButton.width - startField.width); startField.y = 0.5 * (startButton.height - startField.height); startButton.filters = [ new DropShadowFilter() ]; var container:DisplayObjectContainer = getDisplayObject() as DisplayObjectContainer; container.addChild(startButton); startButton.x = 0.5 * (container.width - startButton.width); startButton.y = 0.5 * (container.height - startButton.height); var panoField:TextField = new TextField(); panoField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; panoField.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 11, 0x000000, true); panoField.text = "Photos provided by Panoramio are under the copyright of their owners."; container.addChild(panoField); panoField.x = container.width - panoField.width - 5; panoField.y = 5; } /** * Handles directions success. Starts flying the route if everything * is ready. * * @param event The directions event. */ private function onDirectionsSuccess(event:DirectionsEvent):void { directionsSuccessEvent = event; flyRouteIfReady(); } /** * Handles click on the start button. Starts flying the route if everything * is ready. */ private function onStartClick(event:MouseEvent):void { startButton.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onStartClick); var container:DisplayObjectContainer = getDisplayObject() as DisplayObjectContainer; container.removeChild(startButton); startButtonPressed = true; flyRouteIfReady(); } /** * If we have loaded the directions and the start button has been pressed * start flying the directions route. */ private function flyRouteIfReady():void { if (!directionsSuccessEvent || !startButtonPressed) { return; } var directions:Directions = directionsSuccessEvent.directions; // Extract the route. route = directions.getRoute(0); // Draws the polyline showing the route. polyline = directions.createPolyline(); addOverlay(directions.createPolyline()); // Creates a car marker that is moved along the route. var car:DisplayObject = new Car(); marker = new Marker(route.startGeocode.point, new MarkerOptions({ icon: car, iconOffset: new Point(-car.width / 2, -car.height) })); addOverlay(marker); transformPolyToWorld(); createCumulativeArrays(); // Load Panoramio data for the region covered by the route. loadPanoramioData(directions.bounds); var duration:Number = route.duration; // Start a timer that will trigger the car moving after the lead in time. var leadInTimer:Timer = new Timer(LEAD_IN_DURATION * 1000, 1); leadInTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, onLeadInDone); leadInTimer.start(); var flyTime:Number = -LEAD_IN_DURATION; // Set up the camera flight trajectory. for each (var flyStep:Object in FLY_TRAJECTORY) { var time:Number = flyStep.fraction * duration; var center:LatLng = latLngAt(time); var scaledTime:Number = time * SCALE_TIME; var zoom:Number = flyStep.zoom; var attitude:Attitude = flyStep.attitude; var elapsed:Number = scaledTime - flyTime; flyTime = scaledTime; flyTo(center, zoom, attitude, elapsed); } } /** * Loads Panoramio data for the route bounds. We load data about more photos * than we need, then select a subset lying along the route. * @param bounds Bounds within which to fetch images. */ private function loadPanoramioData(bounds:LatLngBounds):void { var params:Object = { order: "popularity", set: "full", from: "0", to: NUM_GEOTAGGED_PHOTOS.toString(10), size: "small", minx: bounds.getWest(), miny: bounds.getSouth(), maxx: bounds.getEast(), maxy: bounds.getNorth() }; var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); var request:URLRequest = new URLRequest( "http://www.panoramio.com/map/get_panoramas.php?" + paramsToString(params)); loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onPanoramioDataLoaded); loader.addEventListener(IOErrorEvent.IO_ERROR, onPanoramioDataFailed); loader.load(request); } /** * Transforms the route polyline to world coordinates. */ private function transformPolyToWorld():void { var numVertices:int = polyline.getVertexCount(); worldPoly = new Array(numVertices); for (var i:int = 0; i < numVertices; ++i) { var vertex:LatLng = polyline.getVertex(i); worldPoly[i] = fromLatLngToPoint(vertex, 0); } } /** * Returns the time at which the route approaches closest to the * given point. * @param world Point in world coordinates. * @return Route time at which the closest approach occurs. */ private function getTimeOfClosestApproach(world:Point):Number { var minDistSqr:Number = Number.MAX_VALUE; var numVertices:int = worldPoly.length; var x:Number = world.x; var y:Number = world.y; var minVertex:int = 0; for (var i:int = 0; i < numVertices; ++i) { var dx:Number = worldPoly[i].x - x; var dy:Number = worldPoly[i].y - y; var distSqr:Number = dx * dx + dy * dy; if (distSqr < minDistSqr) { minDistSqr = distSqr; minVertex = i; } } return cumulativeVertexDistance[minVertex]; } /** * Returns the array index of the first element that compares greater than * the given value. * @param ordered Ordered array of elements. * @param value Value to use for comparison. * @return Array index of the first element that compares greater than * the given value. */ private function upperBound(ordered:Array, value:Number, first:int=0, last:int=-1):int { if (last < 0) { last = ordered.length; } var count:int = last - first; var index:int; while (count > 0) { var step:int = count >> 1; index = first + step; if (value >= ordered[index]) { first = index + 1; count -= step - 1; } else { count = step; } } return first; } /** * Selects up to a given number of photos approximately evenly spaced along * the route. * @param ordered Array of photos, each of which is an object with * a property &apos;closestTime&apos;. * @param number Number of photos to select. */ private function selectEvenlySpacedPhotos(ordered:Array, number:int):Array { var start:Number = cumulativeVertexDistance[0]; var end:Number = cumulativeVertexDistance[cumulativeVertexDistance.length - 2]; var closestTimes:Array = []; for each (var photo:Object in ordered) { closestTimes.push(photo.closestTime); } var selectedPhotos:Array = []; for (var i:int = 0; i < number; ++i) { var idealTime:Number = start + ((end - start) * (i + 0.5) / number); var index:int = upperBound(closestTimes, idealTime); if (index < 1) { index = 0; } else if (index >= ordered.length) { index = ordered.length - 1; } else { var errorToPrev:Number = Math.abs(idealTime - closestTimes[index - 1]); var errorToNext:Number = Math.abs(idealTime - closestTimes[index]); if (errorToPrev < errorToNext) { --index; } } selectedPhotos.push(ordered[index]); } return selectedPhotos; } /** * Handles completion of loading the Panoramio index data. Selects from the * returned photo indices a subset of those that lie along the route and * initiates load of each of these. * @param event Load completion event. */ private function onPanoramioDataLoaded(event:Event):void { var loader:URLLoader = event.target as URLLoader; var decoder:JSONDecoder = new JSONDecoder(loader.data as String); var allPhotos:Array = decoder.getValue().photos; for each (var photo:Object in allPhotos) { var latLng:LatLng = new LatLng(photo.latitude, photo.longitude); photo.closestTime = getTimeOfClosestApproach(fromLatLngToPoint(latLng, 0)); } allPhotos.sortOn("closestTime", Array.NUMERIC); photos = selectEvenlySpacedPhotos(allPhotos, NUM_SHOWN_PHOTOS); for each (photo in photos) { var photoLoader:Loader = new Loader(); // The images aren&apos;t on panoramio.com: we can&apos;t acquire pixel access // using "new LoaderContext(true)". photoLoader.load( new URLRequest(photo.photo_file_url)); photo.loader = photoLoader; // Save the loader info: we use this to find the original element when // the load completes. photo.loaderInfo = photoLoader.contentLoaderInfo; photoLoader.contentLoaderInfo.addEventListener( Event.COMPLETE, onPhotoLoaded); } } /** * Creates a MouseEvent listener function that will navigate to the given * URL in a new window. * @param url URL to which to navigate. */ private function createOnClickUrlOpener(url:String):Function { return function(event:MouseEvent):void { navigateToURL(new URLRequest(url)); }; } /** * Handles completion of loading an individual Panoramio image. * Adds a custom marker that displays the image. Initially this is made * invisible so that it can be faded in as needed. * @param event Load completion event. */ private function onPhotoLoaded(event:Event):void { var loaderInfo:LoaderInfo = event.target as LoaderInfo; // We need to find which photo element this image corresponds to. for each (var photo:Object in photos) { if (loaderInfo == photo.loaderInfo) { var imageMarker:Sprite = createImageMarker(photo.loader, photo.owner_name, photo.owner_url); var options:MarkerOptions = new MarkerOptions({ icon: imageMarker, hasShadow: true, iconAlignment: MarkerOptions.ALIGN_BOTTOM | MarkerOptions.ALIGN_LEFT }); var latLng:LatLng = new LatLng(photo.latitude, photo.longitude); var marker:Marker = new Marker(latLng, options); photo.marker = marker; addOverlay(marker); // A hack: we add the actual image after the overlay has been added, // which creates the shadow, so that the shadow is valid even if we // don&apos;t have security privileges to generate the shadow from the // image. marker.foreground.visible = false; marker.shadow.alpha = 0; var imageHolder:Sprite = new Sprite(); imageHolder.addChild(photo.loader); imageHolder.buttonMode = true; imageHolder.addEventListener( MouseEvent.CLICK, createOnClickUrlOpener(photo.photo_url)); imageMarker.addChild(imageHolder); return; } } trace("An image was loaded which could not be found in the photo array."); } /** * Creates a custom marker showing an image. */ private function createImageMarker(child:DisplayObject, ownerName:String, ownerUrl:String):Sprite { var content:Sprite = new Sprite(); var panoramioIcon:Bitmap = new PanoramioIcon(); var iconHolder:Sprite = new Sprite(); iconHolder.addChild(panoramioIcon); iconHolder.buttonMode = true; iconHolder.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onPanoramioIconClick); panoramioIcon.x = BORDER_L; panoramioIcon.y = BORDER_T; content.addChild(iconHolder); // NOTE: we add the image as a child only after we&apos;ve added the marker // to the map. Currently the API requires this if it&apos;s to generate the // shadow for unprivileged content. // Shrink the image, so that it doesn&apos;t obcure too much screen space. // Ideally, we&apos;d subsample, but we don&apos;t have pixel level access. child.scaleX = IMAGE_SCALE; child.scaleY = IMAGE_SCALE; var imageW:Number = child.width; var imageH:Number = child.height; child.x = BORDER_L + 30; child.y = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T; var authorField:TextField = new TextField(); authorField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; authorField.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 12); authorField.text = "author:"; content.addChild(authorField); authorField.x = BORDER_L; authorField.y = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T + imageH + GAP_B; var ownerField:TextField = new TextField(); ownerField.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; var textFormat:TextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 14, 0x0e5f9a); ownerField.defaultTextFormat = textFormat; ownerField.htmlText = "<a href=\"" + ownerUrl + "\" target=\"_blank\">" + ownerName + "</a>"; content.addChild(ownerField); ownerField.x = BORDER_L + authorField.width; ownerField.y = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T + imageH + GAP_B; var totalW:Number = BORDER_L + Math.max(imageW, ownerField.width + authorField.width) + BORDER_R; var totalH:Number = BORDER_T + iconHolder.height + GAP_T + imageH + GAP_B + ownerField.height + BORDER_B; content.graphics.beginFill(0xffffff); content.graphics.drawRoundRect(0, 0, totalW, totalH, 10, 10); content.graphics.endFill(); var marker:Sprite = new Sprite(); marker.addChild(content); content.x = 30; content.y = 0; marker.graphics.lineStyle(); marker.graphics.beginFill(0xff0000); marker.graphics.drawCircle(0, totalH + 30, 3); marker.graphics.endFill(); marker.graphics.lineStyle(2, 0xffffff); marker.graphics.moveTo(30 + 10, totalH - 10); marker.graphics.lineTo(0, totalH + 30); return marker; } /** * Handles click on the Panoramio icon. */ private function onPanoramioIconClick(event:MouseEvent):void { navigateToURL(new URLRequest(PANORAMIO_HOME)); } /** * Handles failure of a Panoramio image load. */ private function onPanoramioDataFailed(event:IOErrorEvent):void { trace("Load of image failed: " + event); } /** * Returns a string containing cgi query parameters. * @param Associative array mapping query parameter key to value. * @return String containing cgi query parameters. */ private static function paramsToString(params:Object):String { var result:String = ""; var separator:String = ""; for (var key:String in params) { result += separator + encodeURIComponent(key) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[key]); separator = "&"; } return result; } /** * Called once the lead-in flight is done. Starts the car driving along * the route and starts a timer to begin fade in of the Panoramio * images in 1.5 seconds. */ private function onLeadInDone(event:Event):void { // Set startTimer non-zero so that the car starts to move. startTimer = getTimer(); // Start a timer that will fade in the Panoramio images. var fadeInTimer:Timer = new Timer(1500, 1); fadeInTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, onFadeInTimer); fadeInTimer.start(); } /** * Handles the fade in timer&apos;s TIMER event. Sets markerAlpha above zero * which causes the frame enter handler to fade in the markers. */ private function onFadeInTimer(event:Event):void { markerAlpha = 0.01; } /** * The end time of the flight. */ private function get endTime():Number { if (!cumulativeStepDuration || cumulativeStepDuration.length == 0) { return startTimer; } return startTimer + cumulativeStepDuration[cumulativeStepDuration.length - 1]; } /** * Creates the cumulative arrays, cumulativeStepDuration and * cumulativeVertexDistance. */ private function createCumulativeArrays():void { cumulativeStepDuration = new Array(route.numSteps + 1); cumulativeVertexDistance = new Array(polyline.getVertexCount() + 1); var polylineTotal:Number = 0; var total:Number = 0; var numVertices:int = polyline.getVertexCount(); for (var stepIndex:int = 0; stepIndex < route.numSteps; ++stepIndex) { cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex] = total; total += route.getStep(stepIndex).duration; var startVertex:int = stepIndex >= 0 ? route.getStep(stepIndex).polylineIndex : 0; var endVertex:int = stepIndex < (route.numSteps - 1) ? route.getStep(stepIndex + 1).polylineIndex : numVertices; var duration:Number = route.getStep(stepIndex).duration; var stepVertices:int = endVertex - startVertex; var latLng:LatLng = polyline.getVertex(startVertex); for (var vertex:int = startVertex; vertex < endVertex; ++vertex) { cumulativeVertexDistance[vertex] = polylineTotal; if (vertex < numVertices - 1) { var nextLatLng:LatLng = polyline.getVertex(vertex + 1); polylineTotal += nextLatLng.distanceFrom(latLng); } latLng = nextLatLng; } } cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex] = total; } /** * Opens the info window above the car icon that details the given * step of the driving directions. * @param stepIndex Index of the current step. */ private function openInfoForStep(stepIndex:int):void { // Sets the content of the info window. var content:String; if (stepIndex >= route.numSteps) { content = "<b>" + route.endGeocode.address + "</b>" + "<br /><br />" + route.summaryHtml; } else { content = "<b>" + stepIndex + ".</b> " + route.getStep(stepIndex).descriptionHtml; } marker.openInfoWindow(new InfoWindowOptions({ contentHTML: content })); } /** * Displays the driving directions step appropriate for the given time. * Opens the info window showing the step instructions each time we * progress to a new step. * @param time Time for which to display the step. */ private function displayStepAt(time:Number):void { var stepIndex:int = upperBound(cumulativeStepDuration, time) - 1; var minStepIndex:int = 0; var maxStepIndex:int = route.numSteps - 1; if (stepIndex >= 0 && stepIndex <= maxStepIndex && currentStepIndex != stepIndex) { openInfoForStep(stepIndex); currentStepIndex = stepIndex; } } /** * Returns the LatLng at which the car should be positioned at the given * time. * @param time Time for which LatLng should be found. * @return LatLng. */ private function latLngAt(time:Number):LatLng { var stepIndex:int = upperBound(cumulativeStepDuration, time) - 1; var minStepIndex:int = 0; var maxStepIndex:int = route.numSteps - 1; if (stepIndex < minStepIndex) { return route.startGeocode.point; } else if (stepIndex > maxStepIndex) { return route.endGeocode.point; } var stepStart:Number = cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex]; var stepEnd:Number = cumulativeStepDuration[stepIndex + 1]; var stepFraction:Number = (time - stepStart) / (stepEnd - stepStart); var startVertex:int = route.getStep(stepIndex).polylineIndex; var endVertex:int = (stepIndex + 1) < route.numSteps ? route.getStep(stepIndex + 1).polylineIndex : polyline.getVertexCount(); var stepVertices:int = endVertex - startVertex; var stepLeng

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  • How would you change a home wireless router with a self-signed admin site certificate to be more secure?

    - by jldugger
    littleblackbox is publishing "private keys" that are accessible on publicly available firmwares. Debian calls these "snake-oil" certs. Most of these routers are securing their HTTPS certs with these, and as I think about it, I've never seen one of these internal admin websites with certs that wasn't self signed. Given a webserver on IP 192.168.1.1, how do you secure it to the point that Firefox doesn't offer warnings (and is still secured)?

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  • Public versus private inheritance when some of the parent's methods need to be exposed?

    - by Vorac
    Public inheritance means that all fields from the base class retain their declared visibility, while private means that they are forced to 'private' within the derived class's scope. What should be done if some of the parent's members (say, methods) need to be publicly exposed? I can think of two solution. Public inheritance somewhat breaks encapsulation. Furthermore, when you need to find out where is the method foo() defined, one needs to look at a chain of base classes. Private inheritance solves these problems, but introduces burden to write wrappers (more text). Which might be a good thing in the line of verbosity, but makes changes of interfaces incredibly cumbersome. What considerations am I missing? What constraints on the type of project are important? How to choose between the two (I am not even mentioning 'protected')? Note that I am targeting non-virtual methods. There isn't such a discussion for virtual methods (or is there).

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  • Is there such a thing as having too many private functions/methods?

    - by shovonr
    I understand the importance of well documented code. But I also understand the importance of self-documenting code. The easier it is to visually read a particular function, the faster we can move on during software maintenance. With that said, I like to separate big functions into other smaller ones. But I do so to a point where a class can have upwards of five of them just to serve one public method. Now multiply five private methods by five public ones, and you get around twenty-five hidden methods that are probably going to be called only once by those public ones. Sure, it's now easier to read those public methods, but I can't help but think that having too many functions is bad practice.

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  • How would you secure a home router with a self-signed certificate?

    - by jldugger
    littleblackbox is publishing "private keys" that are accessible on publicly available firmwares. Debian calls these "snake-oil" certs. Most of these routers are securing their HTTPS certs with these, and as I think about it, I've never seen one of these internal admin websites with certs that wasn't self signed. Given a webserver on IP 192.168.1.1, how do you secure it to the point that Firefox doesn't offer warnings (and is still secured)?

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  • How would you secure a home router with a self-signed certificate?

    - by jldugger
    littleblackbox is publishing "private keys" that are accessible on publicly available firmwares. Debian calls these "snake-oil" certs. Most of these routers are securing their HTTPS certs with these, and as I think about it, I've never seen one of these internal admin websites with certs that wasn't self signed. Given a webserver on IP 192.168.1.1, how do you secure it to the point that Firefox doesn't offer warnings (and is still secured)?

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  • Faye private pub web sockets Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2)

    - by Rubytastic
    Faye private pub has issues connecting. It works from rails console and from inside application. It fails when called from background process like delayed_job or sidekiq. I have been unable to resolve this issue for some time now, does anyone know why this happens? Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2) /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/resolv-replace.rb:23:in initialize' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/resolv-replace.rb:23:in initialize' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in open' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in block in connect' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/timeout.rb:52:in timeout' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:877:in connect' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:862:in do_start' /Users/jordan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:851:in start' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/private_pub-1.0.3/lib/private_pub.rb:42:in publish_message' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/private_pub-1.0.3/lib/private_pub.rb:29:in publish_to' /srv/books/app/workers/session_reload.rb:16:in perform' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:48:in block (3 levels) in process' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:119:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:119:inblock in invoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/newrelic_rpm-3.6.8.168/lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/sidekiq.rb:25:in block in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/newrelic_rpm-3.6.8.168/lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/controller_instrumentation.rb:324:in perform_action_with_newrelic_trace' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/newrelic_rpm-3.6.8.168/lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/sidekiq.rb:21:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:121:inblock in invoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-failures-0.2.2/lib/sidekiq/failures/middleware.rb:10:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:121:inblock in invoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/server/active_record.rb:6:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:121:inblock in invoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/server/retry_jobs.rb:62:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:121:inblock in invoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/server/logging.rb:11:in block in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/logging.rb:22:in with_context' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/server/logging.rb:7:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:121:inblock in invoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:124:in call' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/middleware/chain.rb:124:ininvoke' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:47:in block (2 levels) in process' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:102:in stats' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:46:in block in process' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:83:in do_defer' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/sidekiq-2.16.0/lib/sidekiq/processor.rb:37:in process' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/calls.rb:25:in public_send' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/calls.rb:25:in dispatch' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/calls.rb:122:in dispatch' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/actor.rb:322:in block in handle_message' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/actor.rb:416:in block in task' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/tasks.rb:55:in block in initialize' /Users/jordan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@books/gems/celluloid-0.15.2/lib/celluloid/tasks/task_fiber.rb:13:in block in create' Processor: dev-air.local:db67c04914cdef80c501043115298f6d-70211452597260

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  • Files served from Apache are slower than other methods

    - by Jiraiya-Sama
    Hi I have a vps with a 1Gb/s line, when running apps on the server I can get (be it not full) reasonable speeds, but when downloading files through apache from this server I never reach close to my line speed usually 600kb/s where I know the line should be able to comfortably do 1MB/s and more. What can I do to increase the download speeds. Is there maybe a freeware or opensource php script that will increase my speeds? Note. I have confirmed that my server can upload at more than 1MB/s, also that I can download at 1MB/s or more. Also I want to increase the speeds without a download accelerator. Thanks for any help.

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  • Outlook Anywhere inconsistencies with authentication methods

    - by gravyface
    So I've read this question and attempted just about every other workaround I've found online. Problem seems completely illogical to me, anyways: SBS 2011, vanilla install; haven't touched anything in IIS or Exchange outside of what's been done through the checklist (brand new domain, completely new customer) except to import an existing wildcard certificate for *.example.com (which is valid, Remote Web Workplace and Outlook Web Access work fine). On the two test machines and one production machine running a mixture of Windows XP Pro, Windows 7 and Outlook 2003 through to 2010, I've had no problem saving the password after configuring Outlook Anywhere using the wrong authentication method. I repeat, I have had no issues using the wrong authentication method on these test machines; password saves the first time, no problem, can verify it exists in the credentials manager (Start Run control userpasswords2), close Outlook, reboot, go make a sammie, come back, credentials are still saved. When I say wrong, it's because I was choosing NTLM and Exchange (under Exchange Console Server Configuration Client Access) was set by default to use Basic. On two completely different machines setup by a co-worker, they had (under my guidance) used NTLM as well... except that frustratingly, Outlook would always ask for a password. One machine was Windows XP with Outlook 2010, the other was Windows 7 with Outlook 2003. When these two machines were set to use Basic -- the correct settings -- the option to save was there and now works without issue. Puzzled by how my machines could possibly work with the wrong authentication, I then went into one of them and changed the authentication method to Basic. Now here's where it gets a little crazy: if I go under Outlook and change the authentication to use the correct setting (Basic) it fails to save the password and Outlook prompts every time (without a "remember me" checkbox). I have not had a chance to change it to Basic on the other two machines to see if this is just a fluke or not, but something just isn't right here. My two hunches are either a missing/installed KB Update or perhaps a local security policy. I should add that none of the 5 test machines in the equation here have ever been joined to the domain.

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  • Suggest methods for testing changes to "pam.d/common-*" files

    - by Jamie
    How do I test the changes to the pam.d configuration files: Do I need to restart the PAM service to test the changes? Should I go through every service listed in the /etc/pam.d/ directory? I'm about to make changes to the pam.d/common-* files in an effort to put an Ubuntu box into an active directory controlled network. I'm just learning what to do, so I'm preparing the configuration in a VM, which I plan to deploy in metal in the coming week. It is a clean install of Ubuntu 10.04 Beta 2 server, so other than SSH daemon, all other services are stock.

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  • Reverse Proxy Methods for Hosting a Low-Bandwidth Dynamic Website

    - by Casey
    I am building a webcam w/ HTTP server that will be running from a low-bandwith connection. The content on the site will be changing every 5 to 10 minutes. Instead of serving files directly from this connection, are there hosting companies that can act as a reverse proxy for my site? Therefore, if nobody is using the site, the local internet connection remains idle. And if I receive 1000 hits all at the same time, only one HTTP GET is required, and the hosting company (on a fat pipe) continues serving the other 999 requests? This doesn't sound like a very common usage model, but I feel like this would be the optimal solution to my situation.

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  • Alternative Methods of Sharing Folders in Windows?

    - by Blaenk
    Hey guys. I'm running Windows 7 and as of now I simply share folders as one usually does in Windows. I then have a MacBook with Leopard (Now Snow Leopard) which I use to connect to my computer to mount the shares by going to Finder, then CMD + K and typing smb://BlaenkPC (The name of my PC) into the address box. This consequently connects to my computer and mounts all of the shares. The problem is that sometimes, if for example I close my MacBook (Which makes it go to sleep) or sometimes even without doing that, the connection somehow drops. Sometimes I close the MacBook and upon re-opening it, everything still works; it's random. It still shows the computer as being connected, but it just shows 'loading' indefinitely. If I hit 'eject' with the intention of re-connecting to the computer, it disappears from the sidebar (The Computer Icon) in Finder, but I cannot re-connect. Activity Monitor (or ps aux, whichever) both show hung instances of umount; one for each share that was mounted. I cannot kill these processes with kill or killall (Yes, even with sudo, and sending signal -9). This has happened to me before, and here is another person who has experienced this. My question boils down to this: Is there an alternative method of sharing folders in Windows, that my Mac can read/understand, that is possibly more reliable and preferably just as fast? I usually use the mounted shares to watch television episodes off my computer, or movies, etc. (In other words, I open them in VLC and they automatically stream from my computer). As far as I can tell, this is a problem with the Samba protocol. I have heard of NFS, but I am not sure if I would have to re-format my drives, or what. I don't mind running a service or daemon to allow the sharing of the folders, I just want it to be done and hopefully in a better way than typical Windows shares through Samba. Usually when I encounter this problem, which is often (read: every day), I have no other option but to restart the MacBook. As I stated in the first question I linked to, shutting down and restarting don't work; I have to manually force the shutdown by holding the power button. I have not modified my installation of Mac OS X in any hackish way, so I doubt it's something with the Operating System, but worst come to worst, I might end up reformatting and doing a clean install to see if that fixes anything, as I am at a complete loss as to what may be causing the problem, and no one else seems to have any idea or care, despite there being quite a few people suffering from this problem, as my research has shown. Any pieces of information that can help are extremely appreciated. You don't have to answer every question on here, but maybe even some insight as to why it might not be possible to kill those hung umount instances for example, or why I may not be able to reconnect using samba (Is it something regarding the way the protocol works?). One thing to note is that I have another computer in the home network that doesn't seem to have this problem. However, it is also running Windows 7 (Note though that I am not using the homegroup feature, but the typical windows sharing feature). My only deduction is that the problem is being caused by the way the Mac (Or Samba implementation, whichever) is handling things. Perhaps it is a limitation.

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  • Proxy Methods for Hosting a Low-Bandwidth Dynamic Website

    - by Casey
    I am building a webcam w/ HTTP server that will be running from a low-bandwith connection. The content on the site will be changing every 5 to 10 minutes. Instead of serving files directly from this connection, are there hosting companies that can act as a public proxy for my site? Therefore, if nobody is using the site, the local internet connection remains idle. And if I receive 1000 hits all at the same time, only one HTTP GET is required, and the hosting company (on a fat pipe) continues serving the other 999 requests? This doesn't sound like a very common usage model, but I feel like this would be the optimal solution to my situation.

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  • methods for preventing large scale data scraping from REST api

    - by Simon Kenyon Shepard
    I know the immediate answer to this is going to be there is no 100% reliable method of doing this. But I'd like to create a question that details the different possibilities, the difficulty of implementing them and success rates. I would like to go from simple software ip/request speed analysis to high end sophisticated soft/hardware tools, e.g. neural networks. With a goal of predicting and preventing bogus requests and attempts to scrape the service. Many Thanks.

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  • Access Methods to a computer Using MAC Address

    - by Dimal Chandrasiri
    I have my own wifi network at home & recently when I checked the active clients on the wifi I found out the there is one active client. Router shows the MAC address of this client and I want to Access this computer in order to let him know that he's doing a wrong thing. I dont intent to do any harm to his data. I just want to know a method to send him a message saying "Buy you own wifi". How can I achieve this using a windows 8 computer. Is there any specific softwares that I can use or will the netsend command do the trick! Thank you.

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  • Eclipse on Ubuntu: Rectangles instead of Strings and some Java methods and classes

    - by Claus Hausberger
    after upgrading from Ubuntu 9.04. to 11.04 (new installation), I have weird problems with the Eclipse editor. With the Eclipse PyDev plugin, whenever I typ single quoted strings like 'bla', they appear as rectangles (both the quotes as well as the string). First I thought this was a problem with the PyDev plugin, but it also happens with Java and Scala Plugins. With Java, it happens, for example, when typing System.out.println("bla") and then "out" is shown as rectangles only. Weird is that for about half a second I see "System.out.println" and then the editor changes it to System.[][][].println (not really [] (here I used two brackets), it is shown as rectangles). This is very weird. I've never had this before with any Ubuntu, Java or Eclipse version. Currently, I use: Ubuntu 11.04. Eclipse 3.6 Java 1.6.0_25 The latest plugins for Python (2.1) and Scala (beta 5) where used. Eclipse and Ubuntu Terminal is set to UTF-8. The problem also happens when using KDE instead of Gnome. I doubt is has anything to do with Java as I use the same versions on older Ubuntu installations (10.04, 9.10, etc) at work. It does not happen with Netbeans. But I saw once error dialog message from the Update Manager where there were some rectangles in the error widget. Maybe this is the same problem Any ideas what could be wrong here and how to fix this? Eclipse is unusable but I need this for work and also for Scala and Python (the Eclipse plugins for those are very good now). Claus

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  • Can I chain authentication methods in Apache?

    - by jldugger
    I've got an existing SVN system that we're migrating away from SVN AuthUserFile (a flat file format) to LDAP authentication. In so doing, we'd like to establish a transitional phase where both LDAP and AuthUserFile work. Does Apache support fall through authentication mechanisms? I'm reading the documentation and it's still not clear either way.

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  • Methods to transfer files from Windows server to linux server

    - by Raze2dust
    Hi, I need to transfer webserver-log-like-files containing periodically from windows production servers in the US to linux servers here in India. The files are ~4 MB in size each and I get about 1 file per minute. I can take about 5 mins lag between the files getting written in windows and them being available in the linux machines. I am a bit confused between the various options here as I am quite inexperienced in such design: I am thinking of writing a service in C#.NET which will periodically archive, compress and send them over to the linux machines. These files are pretty compressible. WinRAR can convert 32 MB of these files into a 1.2 MB archive. So that should solve the network transfer speed issue. But then how exactly do I transfer files to linux? I could mount linux drive on windows server using samba, or should I create an ftp server, or send the file serialized as a POST request. Which one would be good? Also, I have to minimize the load on the windows server. Mount the windows drive on linux instead. I could use the mount command or I could use samba here (What are the pros and cons of these two?). I can then write the compressing and copying part in linux itself. I don't trust the internet connection to be very stable, so there should be a good retry mechanism and failure protection too. What are the potential gotchas in these situations, and other points that I must be worried about? Thanks, Hari

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  • Windows 2008 Server Unable to activate with other methods

    - by matt king
    I'm trying to activate windows 2008 server SP2 today since the activation trial is done. I do not have an internet connection with this server so I can not activate online, and with the other servers in this farm I've been able to run the slmgr -ipk xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx and then it would open up the activate by phone method and we would just activate that way. I say again, I don't have an internet connection so I can not do the online activate. If I do the slui 4 it brings up the activation window but show me other ways to activate is still greyed out. I've disabled the NIC on this Hyper-V server and I still can not get the other way to activate to show up... Anyone have any ideas? This computer is one of my AD servers so.. it being in notification mode kind of sucks. Thanks.

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  • Alternative methods to login to Windows

    - by jay
    I've always wanted some cool way to log into Windows like inserting a designated USB or voice recognition. Only recently did I discover http://www.luxand.com/blink/ which uses facial recognition to log into your PC. What other software lets you change the way you log in?

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  • Best server sync software/methods [closed]

    - by Meep3D
    I have a test server at home and a test server at the office. I'd like to somehow sync multiple folders in both directions automatically so I can work at home and to also provide an offsite backup. I've tried Live Sync (Microsofts own product) but it chokes on large amounts of files and seems a bit rudimentary. Dropbox is also a bit small and does not adapt to our filesystem setup. I have seen a few online backup services but none seemed geared to multiple computers using the same account. I don't mind paying a monthly fee provided the service is good. Suggestions would be greatfully appreciated!

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  • Methods and practices for managing a network that has no internet connection

    - by FaultyJuggler
    Originally asked in Super User but realized this belongs here. Long story short, I am setting up a network with 32 servers of varying specs that will be used for testing and development. We will be using RedHat Linux, we also do not have a router as of yet and were looking into making one of the servers act as our router/DHCP etc. The small cluster will be on an isolated network with no internet. I can use external harddrives and discs to transfer anything from external sources into machines on the network, so this isn't a locked down secure network, it just won't have a direct connection to the outside world. I've worked on such setups before, but always long after they were setup. So I'm reaching out to see what everyone knows as far as how groups have handled initial setup and maintenance of such a situation. What is the best way to get them all configured and up to date? What are the best ways to automate updates, network wide installs, etc. With the only given that I have large multi-terabyte external hard drives that would be used to drop whatever files are needed onto a central server, how do i then distribute those files and install their contents? I've done perl scripting, some teammates have played with puppet, so we aren't completely in the dark, I just wanted to avoid reinventing the wheel since this is a common challenge.

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  • UINavigationController crash because of pushing and poping UIViewControllers

    - by Wayne Lo
    My question is related to my discovery of a reason for UINavigationController to crash. So I will tell you about the discovery first. Please bare with me. The issue: I have a UINavigationController as as subview of UIWindow, a rootViewController class and a custom MyViewController class. The following steps will get a Exc_Bad_Access, 100% reproducible.: [myNaviationController pushViewController:myViewController_1stInstance animated:YES]; [myNaviationController pushViewController:myViewController_2ndInstance animated:YES]; Hit the left back tapBarItem twice (pop out two of the myViewController instances) to show the rootViewController. After a painful 1/2 day of try and error, I finally figure out the answer but also raise a question. The Solutio: I declared many objects in the .m file as a lazy way of declaring private variables to avoid cluttering the .h file. For instance, #impoart "MyViewController.h" NSMutableString*variable1; @implement ... -(id)init { ... varialbe1=[[NSMutableString alloc] init]; ... } -(void)dealloc { [variable1 release]; } For some reasons, the iphone OS may loose track of these "lazy private" variables memory allocation when myViewController_1stInstance's view is unloaded (but still in the navigation controller's stacks) after loading the view of myViewController_2ndInstance. The first time to tap the back tapBarItem is ok since myViewController_2ndInstance'view is still loaded. But the 2nd tap on the back tapBarItem gave me hell because it tried to dealloc the 2nd instance. Executing [variable release] resulted in Exc_Bad_Access because it pointed randomly (loose pointer). To fix this problem is simple, declare variable1 as a @private in the .h file. Here is my Question: I have been using the "lazy private" variables for quite some time without any issues until they are involved in UINavigationController. Is this a bug in iPhone OS? Or there is a fundamental misunderstanding on my part about Objective C? Please help.

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