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• What hash should be used to ensure file integrity?

  - by Corey Ogburn

  It's no secret that large files offered up for download often are coupled with their MD5 or SHA-1 hash so that after you download you can verify the file's integrity. Are these still the best algorithms to use for this? Obviously these are very popular hashes that potential downloaders would have easy access to. Ignoring that factor, what hashes have the best properties for being used for this? For example, bcrypt would be horrible for this. It's designed to be slow. That would suck to use on your 7.4 GB dual layer OS ISO you just downloaded when a 12 letter password might take up to a second with the right parameters.

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• SSL Certificates, two-way authentication and loadbalancers

  - by 5arx

  We're looking to implement two-way authentication with client certificates for a privileged subset of our application users. The idea will be that if a certificate is detected the user will be asked for an additional password/PIN and that will be used to verify the certificate and user. Ordinary users will continue to authenticate themselves via the standard login mechanism. Our production environment (hosted by a well-known company) comprises load-balanced application servers and I'm unclear as to how this set-up will handle the certificates and I'm not certain if there are any pitfalls I should be aware of. I would very appreciate some thoughts, comments or real-world advice on the subject.

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• PHP does not allow https connections

  - by FunkyChicken

  Hey guys im running PHP 5.4.0 and I cannot cURL nor files_get_content() https connections. Using curl in a PHP script shows: [root@ns1]# /opt/php/bin/php -q test.php * About to connect() to www.google.com port 443 * Trying 74.125.225.210... * connected * Connected to www.google.com (74.125.225.210) port 443 * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none Segmentation fault Using file_get_contents() shows: Warning: file_get_contents(): Unable to find the wrapper "https" - did you forget to enable it when you configured PHP? in /test.php OpenSSL and OpenSSL-devel are installed, and PHP is also configured with cURL support for SSL connections. See: http://i.imgur.com/ExAIf.png Any idea what might be going wrong? Further info: CentOS 5.8(64) with Nginx 1.2.4

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• How do I create certificates for both ends of an stunnel connection?

  - by unixman83

  Hi. I am using stunnel to authenticate RDP (Remote Desktop) and I need to verify that a client possesses the proper credentials. So people cannot brute force into the machine. I am also using a bad (outdated) version of RDP that has security vulnerabilities, so stunnel is a must. I will preshare the necessary .pem's between machines. What are the openssl commands I need to create the right .pem files on both the client and on the server? What files need to be shared?

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• Yum through http proxy

  - by eodchop

  Hello, I have several Fedora 13 servers that have to connect through an http proxy for yum updates. All port 80 traffic has to be routed through this proxy. I have setup the proxy server in the network settings GUI. I can browse the internet just fine. I have also setup my proxy information in /etc/yum.conf as follows: proxy=http:proxy.largecorp.corp/accelerated_pac_base.pac proxy_user=user proxy_password=password I then added the export HTTP_PROXY="http:proxy.largecorp.corp/accelerated_pac_base.pac" to /etc/bashrc and sourced the file. When i run yum update: Loaded plugins:presto, refresh-packagekit Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) fro repository: fedora. Please verify its path and try again. All of the repo urls are the defaults, as this is a fresh install.

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• Does anyone know why rsync would keep sending the files over and over again?

  - by beagleguy

  I'm trying to using rsync to backup some files, about half a TB. It's now it a state where it keeps sending the same files everytime it runs. for example: rsync -av /data/source/* user@host:/data/dest sending incremental file list source/file1.txt source/file2.txt I then verify those files are copied over... then the next time it runs it does the same thing rsync -av /data/source/* user@host:/data/dest sending incremental file list source/file1.txt source/file2.txt any idea why it's getting stuck on these files? I've tried to wipe the whole dest directory out and start over but no luck. thanks,

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• Can qmail-ldap replace the validrcptto file?

  - by T. Fabre

  We are using qmail to route incoming mail to our Domino server. However, that requires us to maintain the validrcptto with the list of all allowed email addresses. Since Domino provides an LDAP directory, does qmail-ldap provide functionnality to lookup valid rcpt to addresses in the Domino directory instead of the validrcptto file, so that we wouldn't have to maintain that extra list ? We have about 150~200 users, so is setting up qmail-ldap worth the extra mile if it can verify addresses in the LDAP directory ? If anyone has experience with qmail-ldap and its setup, I'd be glad to hear from you.

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• cURL looking for CA in the wrong place

  - by andrewtweber

  On Redhat Linux, in a PHP script I am setting cURL options as such: curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, True); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, '/home/andrew/share/cacert.pem'); Yet I am getting this exception when trying to send data (curl error: 77) error setting certificate verify locations: CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none Why is it looking for the CAfile in /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt? I don't know where this folder is coming from as I don't set it anywhere. Shouldn't it be looking in the place I specified, /home/andrew/share/cacert.pem? I don't have write permission /etc/ so simply copying the file there is not an option. Am I missing some other curl option that I should be using? (This is on shared hosting - is it possible that it's disallowing me from setting a different path for the CAfile?)

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• Cannot deploy reports on localhost/reports

  - by Jackson Sunuwar

  I am using Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2, Sql Server Reporting Services(SSRS) on an xp virtual machine.. I have created a report and am trying to deploy it... but getting this error... The specified report server URL http://localhost/Reports could not be found. Verify the syntax of the URL and that the report server exists. I went to see my "services".... SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS) is "started", but SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER) is not. When I try to start it, it says windows could not start the sql server on local computer error code 10048 I tried to go in cmd and tried C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Binn\sqlservr.exe -sMSSQLSERVER I get this, Server Error: 17058, Severity: 16, State: 1. can someone please help me...

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• Puppet: Conditional file source based on naming convention

  - by thinice

  I'm getting the ball rolling on puppet for my environment - and I'd like to have a conditional file resource based on whether or not the module itself contains a file based on a naming convention. So visually, assume a module named 'mysql' and it's layout: mysql/ /files /etc/ my.cnf my.hostname1.cnf my.hostname2.cnf /manifests init.pp ... So I'd like the block to verify if the resource for the module exists or not, and take action accordingly, in pseudo-terms: file { '/etc/my.cnf': if -f 'puppet:///mysql/etc/my.$hostname.cnf' { source => 'puppet:///mysql/etc/my.$hostname.cnf' } else { source => 'puppet:///mysql/etc/my.cnf' } } This way one wouldn't have to manage a csv file or the .pp file with a host specific case statement - is this possible?

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• View Public Key in Domain Key for a Domain

  - by Josh

  Using Jeff's blog post I'm creating domain keys for my account. I wanted to verify the setup using Get or Host command with Bind for Windows but I'm lost one of the commands. I can see view the _domainkey. txt file with this command: host -t txt _domainkey.stackoverflow.com but I'm at a loss at how I'd find the selector record. Jeff points out it can be anything before the before the period in "._domainkey.domain.com" but how would I list all records if I didn't know the exact query name? Is there a wildcard I could use to view all TXT or all records under this section?

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• Completely replacing (upgrading) a RAID 5 array of disks on an ESXi server

  - by jshin47

  I have a development server that runs several VM on ESXi 5. It has an array of disks in the RAID 5 configuration where all of the disks are currently the same size. I would like to expand storage on this box greatly, but I am not sure what the smartest way to go about this would be. My current plan is to: Turn off all VM Copy VM folders from server to another location Verify that I can mount all the VM on the new location (ie that the copy went ok) Replace all the disks with new, bigger ones Reinstall ESXi5 Copy the VM back over This seems like it might take a while to accomplish and is not terribly slick, especially since I will have to reconfigure ESXi 5, but is there a smarter alternative?

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• SSL client auth in nginx with multiple server section

  - by Bastien974

  I want to implement ssl_verify_client in nginx. This works perfectly when I only have one server section, which listen to 443. In my case I have multiple, all listening on 443 but to different server_name. For one particular server (proxy.mydomain.com), I'm adding the SSL client verify, but when I test the connectivity with openssl s_client -connect proxy.mydomain.com:443 -cert xxx.crt -key xxx.key and then do a GET / HTTP/1.1 host: proxy.mydomain.com It's not working, 400 No required SSL certificate was sent I think nginx is not receiving the proper server_name and is directing it to the first server listening to 443. So I tried to listen on another port and it worked right away. What's the issue and how can I fix it ?

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• What's causing "shutdown state" after TFTP reloaded Cisco `running-config` on 871?

  - by xtian

  Cisco CCP Write Configuration borked my 871w config while I was trying to setup port forwarding. I tested the 871's flash memory with fsck and rewrote the minimal config for TFTP (which is the same for Cisco's CCP app.). Thne, I successfully uploaded a previously working running-config from Win Vista using SolarWinds TFTP Server, unfortunately the restore was not entirely successful. The old running config was saved to the 871's startup-config and I can login using console port. Some other things that are working are the hostname and welcome message but that's about it. Startup shows an error SETUP: new interface NVI0 placed in "shutdown" state after tftp. The missing light on the access point modem for ethernet link show the 871'a outside FE4 is not working. SO...what's the possible problem with reloading a previously working config (approximately 4 months with the same config) via TFTP? Is there something I can look for on the 871 to verify the config?

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• SSL/https setup for herokuapp.com address rather than my actual domain

  - by new2ruby

  I have a subdomain of my site pointed to a rails app at mysite.herokuapp.com. I bought a certificate from godaddy and seem to have that all set up correctly. So that when I go to: http://mysite.herokuapp.com or http://dev.mysite.com it's redirected to: https://mysite.herokuapp.com or https://dev.mysite.com The problem is that when I visit dev.mysite.com, I get the error: Safari can't verify the identity of the website. But when I go to mysite.herokuapp.com, I don't get the error. I wanted this to be set up the other way, so that dev.mysite.com did not cause the error. I'm not sure where I went wrong. I used dev.mysite.com when generating the key and when setting it up at godaddy.com. Any ideas where I should look? P.S. The old site is hosted at dreamhost and the DNS info is stored there as well. So I created a subdomain there of type cname which points to mysite.herokuapp.com.

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• How do I make a privileged port non-privileged in Redhat 5?

  - by Jason Thompson

  So I have a RedHat 5 box that I'm wanting to run an application that I wrote that implements SLP. SLP uses port 427 for answering service queries. My understanding is that ports below 1024 are "privileged" and thus cannot be bound to by anyone that's not root. I cannot run this application as root as it is launched via tomcat. One creative solution I really like was simply writing an iptables rule to route the privileged port to a non-privileged. In my proof of concept tests, this works wonderfully. Unfortunately, it would be greatly (and understandably) desired by the powers if my application did not require screwing around with iptables upon installation. So I heard a rumor and cannot find anything to verify this that there was some sort of command or parameter that could be set to make any port I want be non-privileged. Is this true? If so, how is this done? Thanks!

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• How do I stop track changes from turning on automatically in Word 2007

  - by Benj

  Whenever I open an existing document in Word 2007 (on Windows XP), word turns on track changes, and changes the display mode to "Final" (that is, not "Final Showing Markup" -- so I often don't even notice track changes is on if I don't remember to pay attention. This happens for ALL existing documents, and doesn't happen for new documents. I can't find any option in the configuration that would control this behavior. I would like to restore the original/default behavior where documents are opening with Track Changes off, and in "Final showing markup" display. Steps to Reproduce Open Word 2007. Create a new document. Verify that track changes is off. Save the document and close Word. Open the document (either directly or through Word). Track changes is now on. Any ideas?

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• Create a Windows 7 System Repair ISO?

  - by MaDMaD Mad

  According to the Microsoft website I can run "Create a system repair disc" from the start menu to burn a recovery Disc. However, there are many situations (including not having a disk drive) where this cannot be done. My goal is to create a bootable USB drive according to this guide but their method to do so without burning a physical disc includes downloading an ISO from "somebody's" website. I don't know who "somebody" is and I feel it is reasonable to not boot something I can't verify as being untampered with. To the best of my knowledge, Microsoft does not host a recovery disc ISO for download as this would be the easiest solution. So my problem is that I'd like to circumvent Microsofts "burn to disc" option with a "burn to ISO" through any reasonable means.

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• Passenger package not found after adding phusion repo Ubuntu 12.04

  - by speshak

  I'm trying to install the official Passenger (and Nginx) packages from Phusion on an Ubuntu 12.04.3 server. I have the following in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/passenger: deb https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger precise main Even after running apt-get update there is no passenger package found by apt. I did verify that the package info appears in /var/lib/apt/lists/oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com_apt_passenger_dists_precise_main_binary-amd64_Packages but at this point I'm at a loss as to why the package isn't available via apt-get. There are some packages (libapache2-mod-passenger, passenger-docs) that are available. These packages seem to also exist in universe, but apt-cache show lists both locations.

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• Can send to individual users but not when they are in a global distribution list.

  - by Jake

  I am able to send email to individual users but when not when they are in a distribution group. When I do I get this report. The message could not be delivered because the recipient's destination email system is unknown or invalid. Please check the address and try again, or contact your system administrator to verify connectivity to the email system of the recipient. #5.3.1 However, like I said before I can select their name from the GAL and send mail that way. Their email address is exactly the same in both the GAL and distribution group. The only difference is these users have external email addresses. Windows Server 2003 Exchange Server 2003 Outlook 2007 and 2010.

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• In Outlook 2013, the reading pane does not display images correctly for most emails (but does for some)

  - by smoldyr

  I am running Microsoft Office Outlook 2013 on Windows 7 Enterprise. When I click on an email in the list of messages, the preview of the message in the reading pane usually will not show the images contained in the email, but instead will show a red 'X'. Sometimes this red 'X' is followed by the text "The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renmaed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location." I am using an IMAP email account. The really strange thing is that for some emails, the images will display, although they take a long time to load. How can I make the images show up in the reading pane?

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• Check if current Command Prompt was launched as the Administrator

  - by Canadian Luke

  I am looking to write a script that takes user input, then makes system wide changes. I need this to be very generic, but simply put, at the top, I need it to check to see if it's being run 'As an Administrator'. If it's not, then I want to display a message to tell them that; if it is, I want it to continue on. Is there a constant way to verify this? I am not looking to start a new session as the Administrator, I just want to detect if it's currently run as admin

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• yum install gcc fails with invalid linux.dropbox.com/fedora directory

  - by john

  I am relatively new to Linux administration. I have installed Centos 6.5 (under VirtualBox on a Win7pro system). When I try to install gcc to the system using yum, I get the following results: [root@localhost etc]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Cleaning repos: Dropbox base extras updates Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@localhost etc]# yum install gcc Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.tummy.com * extras: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * updates: centos.mirror.freedomvoice.com http://linux.dropbox.com/fedora/6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found" Trying other mirror. Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: Dropbox. Please verify its path and try again It appears that the linux.dropbox.com/fedora/6 subdirectory does not exist. Does anyone have any ints/answers for me. Thanks.

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• after install python 2.7.3 yum is broken

  - by user468587

  i installed libxml2-2.9.0 and libxslt-1.1.27 then yum is broken any yum command that i ran i got the result of : There was a problem importing one of the Python modules required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was: No module named yum Please install a package which provides this module, or verify that the module is installed correctly. It's possible that the above module doesn't match the current version of Python, which is: 2.4.3 (#1, Jan 21 2009, 01:11:33) [GCC 4.1.2 20071124 (Red Hat 4.1.2-42)] If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to the yum faq at: http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq then i thought python version is way too old and install python 2.7.3 and install it from scratch, after some wrong trials it got worse and worse, now when i run 'python -V' i got version 'Python 2.7.3', when i run '/usr/bin/python -V', it returned 'python-2.4.3-24.el5', and no matter what i did the yum is still broken with that message. how can i get yum back? my os is: linux 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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• df command show no output

  - by user119720

  I'm running the linux distro on my server.When i want to verify the size of the disk, i'm issuing this commnand to get the output. df -h But it does not produce ANY output.Strangely enough when i'm issuing other command such as fdisk -l or du -h it can show output normally. Does anyone now why is this happening?Thanks. edit: here is the output of cat /etc/fstab none /dev/pts devpts rw 0 0 and this is for mount command none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc tpe binfmt_misc (rw) edit(2): here is the output of cat /proc/mounts /dev/vzfs / vzfs rw,relatime,usrquota,grpquota 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /dev/tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime 0 0 none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_msc rw,relatime 0 0

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