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  • ndarray field names for both row and column?

    - by Graham Mitchell
    I'm a computer science teacher trying to create a little gradebook for myself using NumPy. But I think it would make my code easier to write if I could create an ndarray that uses field names for both the rows and columns. Here's what I've got so far: import numpy as np num_stud = 23 num_assign = 2 grades = np.zeros(num_stud, dtype=[('assign 1','i2'), ('assign 2','i2')]) #etc gv = grades.view(dtype='i2').reshape(num_stud,num_assign) So, if my first student gets a 97 on 'assign 1', I can write either of: grades[0]['assign 1'] = 97 gv[0][0] = 97 Also, I can do the following: np.mean( grades['assign 1'] ) # class average for assignment 1 np.sum( gv[0] ) # total points for student 1 This all works. But what I can't figure out how to do is use a student id number to refer to a particular student (assume that two of my students have student ids as shown): grades['123456']['assign 2'] = 95 grades['314159']['assign 2'] = 83 ...or maybe create a second view with the different field names? np.sum( gview2['314159'] ) # total points for the student with the given id I know that I could create a dict mapping student ids to indices, but that seems fragile and crufty, and I'm hoping there's a better way than: id2i = { '123456': 0, '314159': 1 } np.sum( gv[ id2i['314159'] ] ) I'm also willing to re-architect things if there's a cleaner design. I'm new to NumPy, and I haven't written much code yet, so starting over isn't out of the question if I'm Doing It Wrong. I am going to be needing to sum all the assignment points for over a hundred students once a day, as well as run standard deviations and other stats. Plus, I'll be waiting on the results, so I'd like it to run in only a couple of seconds. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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  • Google App Engine - Is os.environ reset between requests?

    - by Ian Charnas
    Hello I can't think of a way to test this and was hoping someone here knew the answer... I'm storing some request-specific data in os.environ, and was wondering if that data was going to leak to other requests. Does anyone know? Yes I realize that it's normal to use request.environ for this, and usually I do, but I want to store the currently authorized user ID (I'm using custom auth, not GAE auth) inside os.environ so that the models know the currently logged in user (remember, they don't have access to request.environ) without me having to pass the request object to just about every single model method. any help would be greatly appreciated Ian

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  • What is good practice for writing web applications that control daemons (and their config files)

    - by Jones R
    Can someone suggest some basic advice on dealing with web applications that interact with configuration files like httpd.conf, bind zone files, etc. I understand that it's bad practice, in fact very dangerous to allow arbitrary execution of code without fully validating it and so on. But say you are tasked to write a small app that allows one to add vhosts to an apache configuration. Do you have your code execute with full privileges, do you write future variables into a database and have a cron job (with full privileges) execute a script that pulls the vars from the database and throws them into a template config file, etc. Some thoughts & contributions on this issue would be appreciated. tl;dr - how can you securely write a web app to update/create entries in a config file like apache's httpd.conf, etc.

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  • Using Django view variables inside templates

    - by William
    Hi, this is a rather basic question (I'm new to Django) but I'm having trouble using a variable set in my view inside my template. If I initialize a string or list inside my view (i.e. h = "hello") and then attempt to call it inside a template: {{ h }} there is neither output nor errors. Similarly, if I try to use a variable inside my template that doesn't exist: {{ asdfdsadf }} there is again no error reported. Is this normal? And how can I use my variables within my templates. Thanks!

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  • CherryPy always returning HTTP 200 [closed]

    - by DarkArctic
    I'm having a bit of a problem when browsing to a non-existent resource. I get a response code of 200 instead of 404. I'm using the MethodDispatcher and I have a class that overloads the __getattr__ method to instantiate a resource if a child exists or to return AttributeError if one doesn't. My class is always returning the AttributeError correctly, but the data I actually get is always from the last good resource. Here's a simplified (except for __getattr__) version of my class: class BaseResource(object): exposed = True def __init__(self, name): self.children = [] # Pretend this has child resources def __getattr__(self, name): if name in self._children: uuid, application, obj_type, server = self._children[name] try: resource = getattr(app[application], obj_type) except AttributeError as e: raise cherrypy.HTTPError(500, e) return resource(uuid) else: raise AttributeError('Child with name \'{}\' could not be found.'.format(name)) def GET(self): cherrypy.log.error('*** {} not found, raising AttributeError'.format(name)) return 'GET request for {}'.format(self._name) So fetching I get the following when I browse to the following resources: http://localhost:8000/users - This resource exists, so it returns it correctly. http://localhost:8000/users/fake - This returns the "users" resource giving an HTTP 200. http://localhost:8000/users/fake/reallyfake - This returns the "users" resource again. So my question is, where can I start looking to find out why my code isn't returning a 404 for a non-existent resource. I'm sure I've done something wrong, but I'm not sure what. Whatever I did wrong I've undone and I'm now getting a 404 returned correctly. I'm sorry I can't give any detail on what the issue was, but I'm honestly not sure what I did.

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  • Suffix if statement

    - by Aardschok
    I was looking for a way to add a suffix to jointchain in Maya. The jointchain has specific naming so I create a list with the names they need to be. The first chain has "_1" as suffix, result: R_Clavicle_1|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 When I create the second this is the result: R_Clavicle_2|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 The code: DRClavPos = cmds.xform ('DRClavicle', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUpArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUpperArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUnArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUnderArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRWristPos = cmds.xform ('DRWrist', q=True, ws=True, t=True), cmds.xform('DRWrist', q=True, os=True, ro=True) suffix = 1 jntsA = cmds.ls(type="joint", long=True) while True: jntname = ["R_Clavicle_"+str(suffix),"R_UpperArm_"+str(suffix),"R_UnderArm_"+str(suffix),"R_Wrist_"+str(suffix)] if jntname not in jntsA: cmds.select (d=True) cmds.joint ( p=(DRClavPos)) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUpArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint1', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[0]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUnArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint2', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[1]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRWristPos[0])) cmds.joint ( 'joint3', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[2]) cmds.rename ('joint4', jntname[3]) cmds.select ( cl=True) break else: suffix + 1 I tried adding +1 in jntname which resulted in a good second chain but the third chain had "_2" after R_Clavicle_3 The code, in my eyes should work. Can anybody point me in the correct direction :)

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  • using dictionary to assign misspelled words to its line number

    - by jad
    This is the code I have so far d = {} counter = 0 for lines in words: counter += 1 for word in text1: if word not in words: d[word] = [counter] else: d[word].append(counter) print(word, d[counter]) words = my text file text1 is my misspelled words But this gives me an error. What I want to do is print the word and the line number e.g. togeher 5 7

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  • How to include a dynamic page contents into a template ?

    - by Ankit
    Hi All, I have to include a dynamic page content into my template, Say I have a left panel which gets the data dynamically through a view. Now, I have to include this left panel into all my pages but I do not want to duplicate the code for all the pages. Is there any way, I can write a single script and include it in all my templates to display the left panel in all my pages? Thanks in advance.

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  • What does this `_time_independent_equals` mean?

    - by Satoru.Logic
    In the tornado.web module there is a function called _time_independent_equals: def _time_independent_equals(a, b): if len(a) != len(b): return False result = 0 for x, y in zip(a, b): result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y) return result == 0 It is used to compare secure cookie signatures, and thus the name. But regarding the implementation of this function, is it just a complex way to say a==b?

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  • Setting `axes.linewidth` without changing the `rcParams` global dict

    - by mlvljr
    So, it seems one cannot do the following (it raises an error, since axes does not have a set_linewidth method): axes_style = {'linewidth':5} axes_rect = [0.1, 0.1, 0.9, 0.9] axes(axes_rect, **axes_style) and has to use the following old trick instead: rcParams['axes.linewidth'] = 5 # set the value globally ... # some code rcdefaults() # restore [global] defaults Is there an easy / clean way (may be one can set x- and y- axes parameters individually, etc)? P.S. If no, why?

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  • Solving linear system over integers with numpy

    - by A. R. S.
    I'm trying to solve an overdetermined linear system of equations with numpy. Currently, I'm doing something like this (as a simple example): a = np.array([[1,0], [0,1], [-1,1]]) b = np.array([1,1,0]) print np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0] [ 1. 1.] This works, but uses floats. Is there any way to solve the system over integers only? I've tried something along the lines of print map(int, np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0]) [0, 1] in order to convert the solution to an array of ints, expecting [1, 1], but clearly I'm missing something. Could anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • can I put my sqlite connection and cursor in a function?

    - by steini
    I was thinking I'd try to make my sqlite db connection a function instead of copy/pasting the ~6 lines needed to connect and execute a query all over the place. I'd like to make it versatile so I can use the same function for create/select/insert/etc... Below is what I have tried. The 'INSERT' and 'CREATE TABLE' queries are working, but if I do a 'SELECT' query, how can I work with the values it fetches outside of the function? Usually I'd like to print the values it fetches and also do other things with them. When I do it like below I get an error Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\steini\Desktop\py\database\test3.py", line 15, in <module> for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): ProgrammingError: Cannot operate on a closed database. So I guess the connection needs to be open so I can get the values from the cursor, but I need to close it so the file isn't always locked. Here's my testing code: import sqlite3 def connection (db, arg): conn = sqlite3.connect(db) conn.execute('pragma foreign_keys = on') cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute(arg) conn.commit() conn.close() return cur connection('testdb.db', "create table users ('user', 'email')") connection('testdb.db', "insert into users ('user', 'email') values ('joey', 'foo@bar')") for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): print row How can I make this work?

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  • Trie Backtracking in Recursion

    - by Darksky
    I am building a tree for a spell checker with suggestions. Each node contains a key (a letter) and a value (array of letters down that path). So assume the following sub-trie in my big trie: W / \ a e | | k k | | is word--> e e | ... This is just a subpath of a sub-trie. W is a node and a and e are two nodes in its value array etc... At each node, I check if the next letter in the word is a value of the node. I am trying to support mistyped vowels for now. So 'weke' will yield 'wake' as a suggestion. Here's my searchWord function in my trie: def searchWord(self, word, path=""): if len(word) > 0: key = word[0] word = word[1:] if self.values.has_key(key): path = path + key nextNode = self.values[key] return nextNode.searchWord(word, path) else: # check here if key is a vowel. If it is, check for other vowel substitutes else: if self.isWord: return path # this is the word found else: return None Given 'weke', at the end when word is of length zero and path is 'weke', my code will hit the second big else block. weke is not marked as a word and so it will return with None. This will return out of searchWord with None. To avoid this, at each stack unwind or recursion backtrack, I need to check if a letter is a vowel and if it is, do the checking again. I changed the if self.values.has_key(key) loop to the following: if self.values.has_key(key): path = path + key nextNode = self.values[key] ret = nextNode.searchWord(word, path) if ret == None: # check if key == vowel and replace path # return nextNode.searchWord(... return ret What am I doing wrong here? What can I do when backtracking to achieve what I'm trying to do?

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  • slicing arrays in numpy/scipy

    - by user248237
    I have an array like: a = array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[4,5,6]]) what's the most efficient way to slice out a 1x2 array out of this that has only the first two columns of "a"? I.e., array([[2,3],[4,5],[5,6]]) in this case. thanks.

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  • Match e-mail addresses not contained in HTML tag

    - by SvartalF
    I need to highlight an email addresses in text but not highlight them if contained in HTML tags, content, or attributes. For example, the string [email protected] must be converted to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> But email addresses in the string <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> must not be processed. I've tried something like this regexp: (?<![":])[a-zA-Z0-9._%-+]+@[a-zA-Z0-9._%-]+.[a-zA-Z]{2,6}(?!") but it doesn't work properly.

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  • Best practice- How to team-split a django project while still allowing code reusal

    - by Infinity
    I know this sounds kind of vague, but please let me explain- I'm starting work on a brand new project, it will have two main components: "ACME PRODUCT" (think Gmail, Meebo, etc), and "THE SITE" (help, information, marketing stuff, promotional landing pages, etc lots of marketing-induced cruft). So basically the url /acme/* will load stuff in the uber cool ajaxy application, and every other URI will load stuff in the other site. Problem: "THE SITE" component is out of my hands, and will be handled by a consultants team that will work closely with marketing, And I and my team will work solely on the ACME PRODUCT. Question: How to set up the django project in such a way that we can have: Seperate releases. (They can push new marketing pages and functionality without having to worry about the state of our code. Maybe even separate Subversion "projects") Minimize impact (on our product) of whatever flying-unicorns-hocus-pocus the other team codes into the site. Still allow some code reusal. My main concern is that the ACME product needs to be rock solid, and therefore needs to be somewhat isolated of whatever mistakes/code bloopers the consultants make in their marketing side of the site. How have you handled this? Any ideas? Thanks!

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  • Does Google appengine cache external requests?

    - by Andy Hume
    I have a very simple application running on appengine that requests a web page every five minutes and parses for a specific piece of data. Everything works fine except that the response I get back from the external request (using urllib2) doesn't reflect the latest changes to the page. Sometimes it takes a few minutes to get the latest, sometimes over an hour. Is there a transparent layer of caching that appengine puts in place? Or is there something else I am missing here? I've looked at the caching headers of the requested page and there is no Expires or LastModified's sent. Update: Sometimes, it will get the new version of the page for a number of requests and then randomly later get an old out of date version.

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  • How to do a back-reference on Google Webapp?

    - by jCuga
    I'm trying to access an object that is linked to by a db.ReferenceProperty in Google app engine. here's the model's code: class InquiryQuestion(db.Model): inquiry_ref = db.ReferenceProperty(reference_class=GiftInquiry, required=True, collection_name="inquiry_ref") And I am trying to access it in the following way: linkedObject = question.inquiry_ref and then linkedKey = linkedObject.key but it's not working. Can anyone please help?

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  • Transferring binary file from web server to client

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    Usually, when I want to transfer a web server text file to client, here is what I did import cgi print "Content-Type: text/plain" print "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=TEST.txt" print filename = "C:\\TEST.TXT" f = open(filename, 'r') for line in f: print line Works very fine for ANSI file. However, say, I have a binary file a.exe (This file is in web server secret path, and user shall not have direct access to that directory path). I wish to use the similar method to transfer. How I can do so? What content-type I should use? Using print seems to have corrupted content received at client side. What is the correct method?

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