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• How do I make Linux recognize a new SATA /dev/sda drive I hot swapped in without rebooting?

  - by Philip Durbin

  Hot swapping out a failed SATA /dev/sda drive worked fine, but when I went to swap in a new drive, it wasn't recognized: [root@fs-2 ~]# tail -18 /var/log/messages May 5 16:54:35 fs-2 kernel: ata1: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x50000 action 0xe frozen May 5 16:54:35 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SError: { PHYRdyChg CommWake } May 5 16:54:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:54:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: device not ready (errno=-16), forcing hardreset May 5 16:54:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:54:50 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:54:55 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:54:55 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:55:00 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:55:05 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:55:05 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:55:10 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:55:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:55:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps May 5 16:55:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:55:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:55:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: reset failed, giving up May 5 16:55:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: EH complete I tried a couple things to make the server find the new /dev/sda, such as rescan-scsi-bus.sh but they didn't work: [root@fs-2 ~]# echo "---" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument [root@fs-2 ~]# [root@fs-2 ~]# /root/rescan-scsi-bus.sh -l [snip] 0 new device(s) found. 0 device(s) removed. [root@fs-2 ~]# [root@fs-2 ~]# ls /dev/sda ls: /dev/sda: No such file or directory I ended up rebooting the server. /dev/sda was recognized, I fixed the software RAID, and everything is fine now. But for next time, how can I make Linux recognize a new SATA drive I have hot swapped in without rebooting? The operating system in question is RHEL5.3: [root@fs-2 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga) The hard drive is a Seagate Barracuda ES.2 SATA 3.0-Gb/s 500-GB, model ST3500320NS. Here is the lscpi output: [root@fs-2 ~]# lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Memory Controller (rev a2) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:01.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SMBus (rev a3) 00:02.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a1) 00:02.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a2) 00:04.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 IDE (rev a1) 00:05.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.1 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.2 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI bridge (rev a2) 00:08.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:09.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:0a.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0b.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0c.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0d.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0e.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0f.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 00:19.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:19.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:19.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:19.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc. MGA G200e [Pilot] ServerEngines (SEP1) (rev 02) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) 04:00.1 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) Update: In perhaps a dozen cases, we've been forced to reboot servers because hot swap hasn't "just worked." Thanks for the answers to look more into the SATA controller. I've included the lspci output for the problematic system above (hostname: fs-2). I could still use some help understanding what exactly isn't supported hardware-wise in terms of hot swap for that system. Please let me know what other output besides lspci might be useful. The good news is that hot swap "just worked" today on one of our servers (hostname: www-1), which is very rare for us. Here is the lspci output: [root@www-1 ~]# lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Memory Controller (rev a2) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:01.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SMBus (rev a3) 00:02.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a1) 00:02.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a2) 00:04.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 IDE (rev a1) 00:05.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.1 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.2 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI bridge (rev a2) 00:08.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:09.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:0b.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0c.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0f.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 00:19.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:19.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:19.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:19.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:19.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc. MGA G200e [Pilot] ServerEngines (SEP1) (rev 02) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) 04:00.1 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) 09:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1064ET PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 04)

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• Linux networking crash: best steps to find out the cause?

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  One of our Linux (CentOS) servers was unreachable last night. The server was not reachable in any way except for the remote console. After logging in with the remote console, it turned out I could not ping any outside hosts either. A simple service network restart solved the issue, but I am still wondering what could have caused this. My log files seem to indicate no error at all (except for the various daemons that need a network connection and failed after the network failure). Are there any additional steps I can take to find out the cause of this problem? EDIT: this just happened again. The server was completely unresponsive until I issued a networking service restart. Any advise is welcome. Could this be caused by a faulty hardware component? As per Madhatters request, here are some excerpts from the log at the time (the network crashed at 20:13): /var/log/messages: Dec 2 20:01:05 graviton kernel: Firewall: *TCP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=<stripped> SRC=<stripped> DST=<stripped> LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=101 ID=256 PROTO=TCP SPT=6000 DPT=3306 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Dec 2 20:01:05 graviton kernel: Firewall: *TCP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=<stripped> SRC=<stripped> DST=<stripped> LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=100 ID=256 PROTO=TCP SPT=6000 DPT=3306 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Dec 2 20:01:05 graviton kernel: Firewall: *TCP_IN Blocked* IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=<stripped> SRC=<stripped> DST=<stripped> LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=101 ID=256 PROTO=TCP SPT=6000 DPT=3306 WINDOW=16384 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Dec 2 20:13:34 graviton junglediskserver: Connection to gateway failed: xGatewayTransport - Connection to gateway failed. The first three messages are simple responses to iptables rules I have set up through the LFD firewall. The last message indicates that JungleDisk, which I use for backups can no longer connect to the gateway. Apart from this, there are no interesting messages around this time. EDIT 4 dec: as per Mattdm's request, here is the output of ethtool eth0: (Please not that these are the settings that currently work. If things go wrong again, I will be sure to post this again if necessary. Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 1000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on Supports Wake-on: g Wake-on: d Link detected: yes As per Joris' request, here is also the output of route -n: aron@graviton [~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface xx.xx.xx.58 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.42 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.43 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.41 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.46 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.47 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.44 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.45 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.50 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.51 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.48 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.49 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.54 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.52 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.53 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth0 xx.xx.xx.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 xx.xx.xx.62 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 The bottom xx.62 is my gateway. EDIT december 28th: the problem occurred again and I got the chance to compare some of the outputs of the above tests. What I found out is that arp -an returns an incomplete MAC address for my gateway (which is not under my control; the server is in a shared rack): During failure: ? (xx.xx.xx.62) at <incomplete> on eth0 After service network restart: ? (xx.xx.xx.62) at 00:00:0C:9F:F0:30 [ether] on eth0 Is this something I can fix or is it time for me to contact the data centre?

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• GRUB-2 Bootloader fails to load for lack of floppy drive. Ubuntu 10.4 & Windows XP

  - by kammer

  2010.07.21 while trying to install Ubuntu 10.4 Hello all, I've been trying to install Ubuntu 10.04 on my Dell workstation and am unable to get the Grub-2 bootloader to load properly. It seems to be failing for lack of a floppy drive on the system resulting in an error message that reads : error: fd0 cannot get C/H/S values. I've gone through the Grub-2 page at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2 to no avail and other sources having similar problems have likewise turned up no solutions. I would certainly appreciate any insight, here's the background: A while back I was trying to install a different version of Linux and had the same problems, then had to set the project aside for a bit. I don't think this has anything to do with Linux or Ubuntu per se, but rather Grub. The system is an old (4-5 years) Dell workstation that has one drive (128 GB) set up for Windows XP and a second new drive (500GB) which I installed for Linux. There is a DVD/CD drive and the system contains no floppy drive at all. In one attempt to get this working I tried modifying the BIOS to indicate there was a floppy drive - this created a failure earlier in the chain with the BIOS failing to load properly, not unexpected, just a shot in the dark at that point. At the moment I am considering just running out to buy and install a cheap floppy drive to see if that helps. I'll never use the thing though so I'd rather find a solution that doesn't require me to spend money on useless hardware. In any case, here's the /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then saved_entry=${chosen} save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi insmod play play 480 440 1 ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6ef0d4b4f0d4842d drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### Thoughts anyone? Thanks in advance.

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• Trouble recovering MySQL InnoDB database after server crash

  - by Andy Shinn

  I had a server crash due to a broken iSCSI link (the filesystem went into read-only mode). After repairing the link and rebooting the machine (CentOS 5 / MySQL 5.1), the MySQL server would not start and gave the following error: 100603 19:11:46 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 100603 19:11:46 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite InnoDB: buffer... InnoDB: Warning: database page corruption or a failed InnoDB: file read of page 112541. InnoDB: Trying to recover it from the doublewrite buffer. InnoDB: Dump of the page: 100603 19:11:46 InnoDB: Page dump in ascii and hex (16384 bytes): lots of binary data 100603 19:11:46 InnoDB: Page checksum 953720272, prior-to-4.0.14-form checksum 2641912043 InnoDB: stored checksum 617821918, prior-to-4.0.14-form stored checksum 2080617765 InnoDB: Page lsn 115 2632899642, low 4 bytes of lsn at page end 2641594600 InnoDB: Page number (if stored to page already) 112541, InnoDB: space id (if created with = MySQL-4.1.1 and stored already) 0 InnoDB: Page may be an index page where index id is 0 616 InnoDB: Dump of corresponding page in doublewrite buffer: 100603 19:11:46 InnoDB: Page dump in ascii and hex (16384 bytes): more binary data 100603 19:11:46 InnoDB: Page checksum 908374788, prior-to-4.0.14-form checksum 824841363 InnoDB: stored checksum 912869634, prior-to-4.0.14-form stored checksum 2210927931 InnoDB: Page lsn 115 2635312169, low 4 bytes of lsn at page end 2633173354 InnoDB: Page number (if stored to page already) 112541, InnoDB: space id (if created with = MySQL-4.1.1 and stored already) 0 InnoDB: Page may be an index page where index id is 0 616 InnoDB: Also the page in the doublewrite buffer is corrupt. InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. InnoDB: You can try to recover the database with the my.cnf InnoDB: option: InnoDB: innodb_force_recovery=6 100603 19:11:46 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended Per the error message, I have tried setting set-variable=innodb_force_recovery=6 in the my.cnf to get to the data. This allows the MySQL server to start. But when I try to do a mysqldump of the database or a SELECT * INTO OUTFILE "filename" FROM broken_table; it seems to endlessly just export the same line over and over again. I have also tried http://code.google.com/p/innodb-tools/. But this tool fails with an error that 'blob' type is not supported. If I try to access the data using the PHP application it crashes MySQL: `100603 19:19:19 - mysqld got signal 11 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=8384512 read_buffer_size=131072 max_used_connections=2 max_threads=151 threads_connected=2 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 338317 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. thd: 0x15d33f0 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 0x453aff00 thread_stack 0x40000 /usr/libexec/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x24) [0x874364] /usr/libexec/mysqld(handle_segfault+0x346) [0x5c9166] /lib64/libpthread.so.0 [0x3a6e40eb10] /usr/libexec/mysqld(rec_get_offsets_func+0x30) [0x7cc310] /usr/libexec/mysqld [0x7674d8] /usr/libexec/mysqld(btr_search_info_update_slow+0x638) [0x768d48] /usr/libexec/mysqld(btr_cur_search_to_nth_level+0xc7d) [0x75f86d] /usr/libexec/mysqld [0x7dd1c1] /usr/libexec/mysqld(row_search_for_mysql+0x18b0) [0x7e03d0] /usr/libexec/mysqld(ha_innobase::general_fetch(unsigned char*, unsigned int, unsigned int)+0x7c) [0x7526fc] /usr/libexec/mysqld(handler::read_multi_range_next(st_key_multi_range**)+0x29) [0x6aed09] /usr/libexec/mysqld(QUICK_RANGE_SELECT::get_next()+0x194) [0x69a964] /usr/libexec/mysqld [0x6aafe9] /usr/libexec/mysqld(sub_select(JOIN*, st_join_table*, bool)+0x56) [0x635196] /usr/libexec/mysqld [0x63f9cd] /usr/libexec/mysqld(JOIN::exec()+0x950) [0x6497c0] /usr/libexec/mysqld(mysql_select(THD*, Item*, TABLE_LIST*, unsigned int, List&, Item*, unsigned int, st_order*, st_order*, Item*, st_order*, unsign ed long long, select_result*, st_select_lex_unit*, st_select_lex*)+0x17b) [0x64b34b] /usr/libexec/mysqld(handle_select(THD*, st_lex*, select_result*, unsigned long)+0x169) [0x64bc79] /usr/libexec/mysqld [0x5d34b6] /usr/libexec/mysqld(mysql_execute_command(THD*)+0x4e5) [0x5d6b45] /usr/libexec/mysqld(mysql_parse(THD*, char const*, unsigned int, char const)+0x211) [0x5dc321] /usr/libexec/mysqld(dispatch_command(enum_server_command, THD*, char*, unsigned int)+0x10b8) [0x5dd3f8] /usr/libexec/mysqld(do_command(THD*)+0xe6) [0x5dd9e6] /usr/libexec/mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x73d) [0x5d036d] /lib64/libpthread.so.0 [0x3a6e40673d] /lib64/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d) [0x3a6d4d3d1d] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort... thd-query at 0x15de5e0 = SELECT DISTINCT count(DISTINCT i.itemid) as rowscount,i.hostid FROM items i WHERE ((i.itemid BETWEEN 000000000000000 AND 0999999 99999999)) AND i.type<9 AND (i.hostid IN (10017,10047,10050,10054,10056,10059,10062,10063,10064,10065,10066,10067,10068,10069,10070,10071,10072,10073,100 74,10075,10076,10077,10078,10079,10080,10081,10082,10084,10088,10089,10090,10091,10092,10093,10094,10095,10096,10097,10098,10099,10100,10101,10102,10103,10 104,10105,10106,10107,10108,10109)) GROUP BY i.hostid thd-thread_id=3 thd-killed=NOT_KILLED The manual page at contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. 100603 19:19:19 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 100603 19:19:19 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted` Before recovering form an older backup as a last resort I am looking for anymore suggestions. Thanks!

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• Spotlight Infinite Indexing issue (external data drive)

  - by Manca Weeks

  This is an external drive, formerly a boot drive which is now in use only to access music files (sibelius, audio, midi, live, logic etc.) without transferring the data into a new boot system, partly because of the issue I am about to describe, but mostly because the majority of the data is mainly there for archival purposes. The user is a composer and prominent musician and needs to be able to rehash the data at will. I have tried several things - here is a list: - make complete filesystem clone with antonio diaz's ddrescue - run Disk Warrior on copy, repair whatever errors occurred - wipe out all ACLs on entire drive - set all permissions to the same value - wide open 777 - remove any system data (applications, system files, including hidden files to the best of my knowledge) by selecting only non-system/app data and using Carbon Copy Cloner to put only the data of interest onto a newly formatted drive - transfer data to newly formatted drive folder by folder, resetting the spotlight index in between adding each to observe for issues (interesting here is that no issues occurred except for in Documents folder - when I transferred only the Documents folder to a newly formatted drive on its own - no trouble. It appears almost as thought it may not be the content but the quantity or specific combination of data that results in problems) - use DataRescue to transfer the data to yet another newly formatted drive to expose any missed hidden files Between each of the above steps I stopped Spotlight (search for anything beginning with md in Activity Monitor - All Processes and quitting it), deleted the .Spotlight-V100 directory from the affected drive. Restart Splotlight indexing by adding drive to Spotlight privacy list and removing it. In each case the same issue occurs - Spotlight begins indexing normally (or so it seems), then the index estimated time increases, usually to 4 hours remaining. This is where it gets stuck and continues to predict 4 hours remaining but never finishes. Sometimes I can't eject the drive and have to quit the md.. processes from Activity Monitor to be able to eject the drive without Force Eject. Once I disconnect the drive after the 4 hours remaining situation - if I reattach it, Spotlight forever estimates remaining time and never gets going again. So there it is. It is apparently not a filesystem issue, not a permissions issue and not tied to any particular piece of hardware or protocol (used USB and FW drives). I have tried this on several machines (3 to be precise) and in 10.5.8 and 10.6.5. Simply disabling Spotlight on this volume is not an option because the owner has no clue where things are as the data on the volume dates back to music projects and compositions from 2003 and before. He needs to be able to query for results. Anyone got any ideas? ---update 2-6-11 Since I have not received any responses except the one below which appears to misunderstand my point, I am updating this post hoping to get more responses. I have used the terminal command sudo opensnoop -p PID where PID is the mdworker process ID to try and determine what Spotlight is doing and hopefully find the files it's having trouble with. Here's what happens: After indexing for a few hours, mdworker is gone. It no longer shows up in Activity Monitor under "All Processes" and the Terminal window with the opensnoop result stops moving. I then proceeded to execute the same command on mds to see what it was doing and here's what I get, repeatedly: 501 57 mds 21 / 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Sno Leppard 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Tiger 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Leppard 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/Disk Warrior 501 57 mds 21 /Volumes/ONM Data These represent all the volumes currently mounted in the system. All except ONM Data, which is the one I am trying to index, are excluded from SPotlight indexing at the moment. The sequence above repeats over and over, with slight variation, sometimes skipping one of the volumes. Questions - what happened to mdworker? What is mds doing? I will let this run until tomorrow morning and throughout the day and monitor for any changes. Any input would be very much appreciated. Even if you're not sure what the ultimate answer is, please alert me to anything you think I may be missing. Hopefully at some point we will figure this out... Thanks, M __final edit__ I finally resolved the issue and here is how I did it. I used the terminal command "sudo opensnoop -p PID" where the PID is the process id of the processes I was monitoring. I was looking at all instances of mds and mdworker running in the system. After the third time through indexing the same data set (see info above), I contacted Apple and got to their highest level of support - they were flabbergasted as well. They advised me to install yet another default 10.6.6 system and try again. The same pattern repeated - mds and mdworker(s) would start indexing and eventually the spotlight icon would say 6 hours remaining and all mdworkers were gone, mds at 90% or so of CPU. But I did finally figure out that the first time mdworker stopped like that, the last file it touched was always in the same folder. I excluded that folder from spotlight search and the rest of the data set indexed within about 2 hours with no strange behavior or failures. I copied that folder to another machine and Spotlight barfed immediately. Exclude that folder and all is well again. I have no clue what is causing this behavior, still, but I did find a functional solution to the problem. Anyone with a similar problem - run opensnoop on all instances of mds and mdworker and wait patiently for wdworker to exit. Look at the last file it touched and exclude the enclosing folder from being indexed. I was able to repeat the issue and solution on 2 different installs and 2 different copies of the data set. Hope this helps. If we find an actual cause of the folder being such a problem (it is called MICHAEL BRECKER RECORD SOLOS and contains almost 1 GB of audio related files - performer, live, SD2 - things like that), I will edit again to let you all know. Thanks for ay attempts to help, M

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• Unicast traffic between hosts on a switch leaving the switch by its uplink. Why?

  - by Rich Lafferty

  I have a weird thing happening on our network at my office which I can't quite get my head around. In particular I can't tell if it's a problem with a switch, or a problem with configuration. We have a Cisco SG300-52 switch (sw01) in the top of a rack in our server room, connected to another SG300-28 that acts as our core switch (core01). Both run layer 2 only, our firewalls do routing between VLANs. They have a dozen or so VLANs between them. Gi1 on sw01 is a trunk port connected to gi1 on core01. (Disclosure: There are other switches in our environment but I'm pretty sure I've isolated the problem down to these two. Happy to provide more info if necessary.) The behaviour I'm seeing is limited to one VLAN, vlan 12 -- or, at least, it's not happening on the other ones I checked (It's hard to guarantee the absence of packets), and it is: sw01 is forwarding, to core01, traffic which is between two hosts which are both plugged into sw01. (I noticed this because the IDS in our firewall gave a false positive on traffic which should not reach the firewall.) We noticed this mostly between our two dhcp/dns servers, net01 (10.12.0.10) and net02 (10.12.0.11). net01 is physical hardware and net02 is on a VMware ESX server. net01 is connected to gi44 on sw01 and net02's ESX server to gi11. [net01]----gi44-[sw01]-gi1----gi1-[core01] [net02]----gi11/ Let's see some interfaces! Remember, vlan 12 is the problem vlan. Of the others I explicitly verified that vlan 27 was not affected. Here's the two hosts' ports: esx01 contains net02. sw01#sh run int gi11 interface gigabitethernet11 description esx01 lldp med disable switchport trunk allowed vlan add 5-7,11-13,100 switchport trunk native vlan 27 ! sw01#sh run int gi44 interface gigabitethernet44 description net01-1 lldp med disable switchport mode access switchport access vlan 12 ! Here's the trunk on sw01. sw01#sh run int gi1 interface gigabitethernet1 description "trunk to core01" lldp med disable switchport trunk allowed vlan add 4-7,11-13,27,100 ! And the other end of the trunk on core01. interface gigabitethernet1 description sw01 macro description switch switchport trunk allowed vlan add 2-7,11-16,27,100 ! I have a monitor port on core01, thus: core01#sh run int gi12 interface gigabitethernet12 description "monitor port" port monitor GigabitEthernet 1 ! And the monitor port on core01 sees unicast traffic going between net01 and net02, both of which are on sw01! I've verified this with a monitor port on sw01 that sees the net01-net02 unicast traffic leaving via gi1 too. sw01 knows that both of those hosts are on ports that are not its trunk port: :) ratchet$ arp -a | grep net net02.2ndsiteinc.com (10.12.0.11) at 00:0C:29:1A:66:15 [ether] on eth0 net01.2ndsiteinc.com (10.12.0.10) at 00:11:43:D8:9F:94 [ether] on eth0 sw01#sh mac addr addr 00:0C:29:1A:66:15 Aging time is 300 sec Vlan Mac Address Port Type -------- --------------------- ---------- ---------- 12 00:0c:29:1a:66:15 gi11 dynamic sw01#sh mac addr addr 00:11:43:D8:9F:94 Aging time is 300 sec Vlan Mac Address Port Type -------- --------------------- ---------- ---------- 12 00:11:43:d8:9f:94 gi44 dynamic I also brought up an unused port on sw01 on vlan 12, but the unicast traffic was (as best as I could tell) not coming out that port. So it doesn't look like sw01 is pushing it out all its ports, just the right ports and also gi1! I've verified that sw01 is not filling up its address-table: sw01#sh mac addr count This may take some time. Capacity : 8192 Free : 7983 Used : 208 The full configs for both core01 and sw01 are available: core01, sw01. Finally, versions: sw01#sh ver SW version 1.1.2.0 ( date 12-Nov-2011 time 23:34:26 ) Boot version 1.0.0.4 ( date 08-Apr-2010 time 16:37:57 ) HW version V01 core01#sh ver SW version 1.1.2.0 ( date 12-Nov-2011 time 23:34:26 ) Boot version 1.1.0.6 ( date 11-May-2011 time 18:31:00 ) HW version V01 So my understanding is this: sw01 should take unicast traffic for net01 and send it only out net02's port, and vice versa; none of it should go out sw01's uplink. But core01, receiving traffic on gi1 for a host it knows is on gi1, is right in sending it out all of its ports. (That is: sw01 is misbehaving, but core01 is doing what it should given the circumstances.) My question is: Why is sw01 sending that unicast traffic out its uplink, gi1? (And pre-emptively: yes, I know SG300s leave much to be desired, and yes, we should have spanning-tree enabled, but that's where I'm at right now.)

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• How do I make Linux recognize a new SATA /dev/sda drive I hot swapped in without rebooting?

  - by Philip Durbin

  Hot swapping out a failed SATA /dev/sda drive worked fine, but when I went to swap in a new drive, it wasn't recognized: [root@fs-2 ~]# tail -18 /var/log/messages May 5 16:54:35 fs-2 kernel: ata1: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x50000 action 0xe frozen May 5 16:54:35 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SError: { PHYRdyChg CommWake } May 5 16:54:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:54:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: device not ready (errno=-16), forcing hardreset May 5 16:54:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:54:50 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:54:55 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:54:55 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:55:00 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:55:05 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:55:05 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:55:10 fs-2 kernel: ata1: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) May 5 16:55:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:55:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps May 5 16:55:40 fs-2 kernel: ata1: soft resetting link May 5 16:55:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: SRST failed (errno=-16) May 5 16:55:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: reset failed, giving up May 5 16:55:45 fs-2 kernel: ata1: EH complete I tried a couple things to make the server find the new /dev/sda, such as rescan-scsi-bus.sh but they didn't work: [root@fs-2 ~]# echo "---" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument [root@fs-2 ~]# [root@fs-2 ~]# /root/rescan-scsi-bus.sh -l [snip] 0 new device(s) found. 0 device(s) removed. [root@fs-2 ~]# [root@fs-2 ~]# ls /dev/sda ls: /dev/sda: No such file or directory I ended up rebooting the server. /dev/sda was recognized, I fixed the software RAID, and everything is fine now. But for next time, how can I make Linux recognize a new SATA drive I have hot swapped in without rebooting? The operating system in question is RHEL5.3: [root@fs-2 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga) The hard drive is a Seagate Barracuda ES.2 SATA 3.0-Gb/s 500-GB, model ST3500320NS. Here is the lscpi output: [root@fs-2 ~]# lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Memory Controller (rev a2) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:01.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SMBus (rev a3) 00:02.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a1) 00:02.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a2) 00:04.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 IDE (rev a1) 00:05.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.1 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.2 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI bridge (rev a2) 00:08.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:09.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:0a.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0b.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0c.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0d.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0e.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0f.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 00:19.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:19.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:19.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:19.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc. MGA G200e [Pilot] ServerEngines (SEP1) (rev 02) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) 04:00.1 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) Update: In perhaps a dozen cases, we've been forced to reboot servers because hot swap hasn't "just worked." Thanks for the answers to look more into the SATA controller. I've included the lspci output for the problematic system above (hostname: fs-2). I could still use some help understanding what exactly isn't supported hardware-wise in terms of hot swap for that system. Please let me know what other output besides lspci might be useful. The good news is that hot swap "just worked" today on one of our servers (hostname: www-1), which is very rare for us. Here is the lspci output: [root@www-1 ~]# lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Memory Controller (rev a2) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:01.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SMBus (rev a3) 00:02.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a1) 00:02.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP55 USB Controller (rev a2) 00:04.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 IDE (rev a1) 00:05.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.1 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:05.2 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP55 SATA Controller (rev a3) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI bridge (rev a2) 00:08.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:09.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 Ethernet (rev a3) 00:0b.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0c.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:0f.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP55 PCI Express bridge (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 00:19.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:19.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:19.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:19.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:19.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Graphics, Inc. MGA G200e [Pilot] ServerEngines (SEP1) (rev 02) 04:00.0 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) 04:00.1 PCI bridge: NEC Corporation uPD720400 PCI Express - PCI/PCI-X Bridge (rev 06) 09:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1064ET PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 04)

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• Can't configure PAM + LDAP on Debian Lenny - Getting error=49 on server logs

  - by Jorge Suárez de Lis

  I've been migrating some servers and desktops using Ubuntu 10.04 from getting the users from an old OpenLDAP implementation to a newer Centos Active Directory. I haven't had any problems so far, until I reached a Debian Lenny server. I've set up the server as the others, setting /etc/ldap.conf and /etc/ldap/ldap.conf. However, when I issue "getent passwd", I get nothing from the LDAP server. Reading the pam_ldap manpage, I realized that /etc/ldap.conf was not an accepted file by pam_ldap -it worked with Ubuntu though-, so I renamed it to /etc/pam_ldap.conf. Same result. However, once I've changed the name of this file, when I login using SSH I get this on the LDAP server logs: [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 fd=155 slot=155 connection from x.x.x.50 to 10.1.176.237 [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=0 BIND dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=Applications,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=0 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=applications,ou=citius,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=1 SRCH base="ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" scope=2 filter="(uid=jorge.suarez)" attrs=ALL [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=1 RESULT err=0 tag=101 nentries=1 etime=0 notes=U [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=2 BIND dn="uid=jorge.suarez,ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:19:40 +0200] conn=16501 op=2 RESULT err=49 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 The password isn't working. I don't know that could be wrong, anything else seems to be OK. That user/password is working from another clients: [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 fd=188 slot=188 connection from x.x.x.224 to 10.1.176.237 [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=0 BIND dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=Applications,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=0 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=ubuntu,ou=applications,ou=citius,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=1 SRCH base="ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" scope=2 filter="(uid=jorge.suarez)" attrs=ALL [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=1 RESULT err=0 tag=101 nentries=1 etime=0 notes=U [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=2 BIND dn="uid=jorge.suarez,ou=People,ou=CITIUS,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" method=128 version=3 [20/Jul/2012:11:29:39 +0200] conn=16528 op=2 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=jorge.suarez,ou=people,ou=citius,dc=inv,dc=usc,dc=es" I'm using SSHA for storing passwords on the LDAP server. Maybe this is not supported by Debian Lenny? On pam_ldap.conf, I've set up this, as in all the other servers: # Do not hash the password at all; presume # the directory server will do it, if # necessary. This is the default. pam_password md5 Also tried clear, but it didn't work. Anyways, it's weird that issuing getent passwd still gets me no users. However, if I use pamtest from the package libpam-dotfile to test login, it works. # pamtest ssh jorge.suarez Trying to authenticate <jorge.suarez> for service <ssh>. Password: Authentication successful. # pamtest foo jorge.suarez Trying to authenticate <jorge.suarez> for service <foo>. Password: Authentication successful. But "su" won't work also: # su jorge.suarez Id. descoñecido: jorge.suarez Just the output from getent passwd : # getent passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh Debian-exim:x:101:103::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false statd:x:102:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false sshd:x:104:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin luser:x:1000:1000:Usuario local de Burdeos,,,:/home/luser:/bin/bash messagebus:x:105:107::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false sge-admin:x:1001:1001:Administrador do SGE,,,:/home/cluster/sge-admin:/bin/bash ntp:x:107:110::/home/ntp:/bin/false haldaemon:x:108:111:Hardware abstraction layer,,,:/var/run/hald:/bin/false vde2-net:x:109:114::/var/run/vde2:/bin/false uml-net:x:110:115::/home/uml-net:/bin/false polkituser:x:111:116:PolicyKit,,,:/var/run/PolicyKit:/bin/false Debian-pxe:x:113:65534:Dummy user for Debian pxe package,,,:/home/Debian-pxe:/bin/false Nscd was stopped from the beginning.

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• Ubuntu, No wireless networks found after correctly installed madwifi

  - by Peter

  Hi, I just installed madwifi on my MSI laptop with an Atheros AR5001 wifi card & Lucid. As far as I can see and according to System - Administration - Hardware drivers the install was successful and the card + driver is up and running. However, I don't see any wireless network (my windows PC can see about 5 wireless networks). I tried it with the network manager applet as well as with wicd. If I try to connect to "Hidden Wireless Network" via nm-applet, it will start to connect for a while but is unable too (although I supply it with the correct WEP settings & key) So, I'm unable to use my wireless network. What am i doing wrong? Some information about my system: iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:17 dBm Sensitivity=1/1 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/70 Signal level=-96 dBm Noise level=-96 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 pan0 no wireless extensions. ifconfig ath0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca inet6 addr: fe80::215:afff:fecf:e2ca/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:85:4d:82:78 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::221:85ff:fe4d:8278/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3940261 (3.9 MB) TX bytes:525218 (525.2 KB) Interrupt:27 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:720 (720.0 B) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B) wifi0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-15-AF-CF-E2-CA-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3497 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:280 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:179947 (179.9 KB) Interrupt:16 lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wifi0 version: 01 serial: 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath_pci latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g resources: irq:16 memory:fd7f0000-fd7fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 01 serial: 00:21:85:4d:82:78 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.2.101 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:27 ioport:c800(size=256) memory:fe2ff000-fe2fffff memory:fe2c0000-fe2dffff(prefetchable) lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (Internal gfx) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc Device 7914 00:06.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 3) 00:12.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 Non-Raid-5 SATA 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI0) 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI1) 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI2) 00:13.3 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI3) 00:13.4 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI4) 00:13.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB Controller (EHCI) 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 14) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 IDE 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 PCI to LPC Bridge 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RS690M [Radeon X1200 Series] 01:05.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon X1200 Series Audio Controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 01) 06:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ711MP1/MS1 MemoryCardBus Controller (rev 21) 06:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.3 Bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.4 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) less /proc/modules | grep ath ath_rate_sample 11476 1 - Live 0xf812b000 ath_pci 193197 0 - Live 0xf85c3000 wlan 222892 5 wlan_wep,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8537000 ath_hal 398604 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8480000 I've been at this for hours now, also tried ndiswrapper and ath5k drivers with no luck, and really could use some help. Cheers.

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• Wireless internet connection connects but internet does not work (no packets received). Wired does.

  - by Rodney

  When I connect my PC via ethernet cable to my ADSL router it works fine. When I connect via Wireless it connects and the internet will work for a random amount of time and then stop working. It stays connected with a strong signal but no packets are received. My laptop/iphone are right next to it and wireless works fine. If I open the Wireless USB status, it says it is connected to my SSID with full strength (54 mps - I am 3 meteres away from my router) and the activty shows as Packets 594 SENT and 105 RECEIVED (this goes up VERY slowly) I have tried the following: Turned off anitvirus and firewall completely. Tested the wifi signal- I am writing this on my laptop which is next to my PC and also has full wifi strength. Tried a different wireless adapter - I dug out an old PCI wireless card - it does the exact same thing. Compared all wireless settings to my laptop. I can ping google.com and it replies (sometimes with packet loss) When I reboot the PC it will connect for a minute or two (random time) and then just stops again. I tried Firefox, IE etc. no joy I have updated all latest versions (Netgear WG111v2) and drivers Checked Event Log - nothing unusual Ping the router (and even connect as admin for the few minutes when the internet does work) Changed the MTU down to 1200 using DrTCP Checked Device Manager for conflicts - none. I ping the router from the PC (192.168.0.10 - 192.168.0.1) and it replies with 4 packets. BUT, on my router admin page (which I access via http on my laptop wirelessly) - if I ping 192.168.0.10 all packets timeout (pinging my laptop 192.168.0.12 works fine) My router admin page shows the leased IP address for 192.168.0.10 (ie it is definitely talking to the router initially) Now I am out of ideas - please help. I think it is an OS/Software issue as I have tried 2 different wireless adapaters (PCI and USB) with the same result but all other wireless devices work fine around mine). It's not the firewall. It is getting assigned an IP address correctly (my PC gets 192.168.0.10, my laptop is .12) It is assigned by DHCP. As soon as I plug in the ethernet cable it all works fine. Repairing the adapter sometimes helps but it will always stop working after a random time. The wireless adapter always shows as connected with Excellent signal but the internet does not work. I am running Windows XP SP3 and have tried a Netgear WG111v2 USB adapter. Thanks in advance! UPDATE: The internet seems to be working, it is just either sending packets too small or slow to work (some small pages load bits of them very slowly but then hang). XP seems to have a networking diagnostic app - here is the output: Last diagnostic run time: 08/30/10 08:16:38 IP Configuration Diagnostic Invalid IP address info Valid IP address detected: 192.168.0.10 IP Layer Diagnostic Corrupted IP routing table info The default route is valid info The loopback route is valid info The local host route is valid info The local subnet route is valid Invalid ARP cache entries action The ARP cache has been flushed Gateway Diagnostic Gateway info The following proxy configuration is being used by IE: Automatically Detect Settings:Disabled Automatic Configuration Script: Proxy Server: Proxy Bypass list: info This computer has the following default gateway entry(ies): 192.168.0.1 info This computer has the following IP address(es): 192.168.0.10 info The default gateway is in the same subnet as this computer info The default gateway entry is a valid unicast address info The default gateway address was resolved via ARP in 1 try(ies) info The default gateway was reached via ICMP Ping in 1 try(ies) info TCP port 80 on host 65.55.12.249 was successfully reached info The Internet host www.microsoft.com was successfully reached info The default gateway is OK DNS Client Diagnostic DNS - Not a home user scenario info Using Web Proxy: no info Resolving name ok for (www.microsoft.com): yes No DNS servers DNS failure HTTP, HTTPS, FTP Diagnostic HTTP, HTTPS, FTP connectivity info FTP (Passive): Successfully connected to ftp.microsoft.com. info HTTP: Successfully connected to www.microsoft.com. warn HTTPS: Error 12002 connecting to www.microsoft.com: The operation timed out warn HTTPS: Error 12002 connecting to www.passport.net: The operation timed out error Could not make an HTTPS connection. info Redirecting user to support call WinSock Diagnostic WinSock status info All base service provider entries are present in the Winsock catalog. info The Winsock Service provider chains are valid. info Provider entry MSAFD Tcpip [TCP/IP] passed the loopback communication test. info Provider entry MSAFD Tcpip [UDP/IP] passed the loopback communication test. info Provider entry RSVP UDP Service Provider passed the loopback communication test. info Provider entry RSVP TCP Service Provider passed the loopback communication test. info Connectivity is valid for all Winsock service providers. Wireless Diagnostic Wireless - Service disabled Wireless - User SSID action User input required: Specify network name or SSID Wireless - First time setup info The Wireless Network name (SSID) to which the user would like to connect = RodSof Wifi. Wireless - Radio off info Valid IP address detected: 192.168.0.10 Wireless - Out of range Wireless - Hardware issue Wireless - Novice user Wireless - Ad-hoc network Wireless - Less preferred Wireless - 802.1x enabled Wireless - Configuration mismatch Wireless - Low SNR Network Adapter Diagnostic Network location detection info Using home Internet connection Network adapter identification info Network connection: Name=Local Area Connection 2, Device=Realtek RTL8168C(P)/8111C(P) PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC, MediaType=LAN, SubMediaType=LAN info Network connection: Name=Wireless USB, Device=NETGEAR WG111v2 54Mbps Wireless USB 2.0 Adapter, MediaType=LAN, SubMediaType=WIRELESS info Both Ethernet and Wireless connections available, prompting user for selection action User input required: Select network connection info Wireless connection selected Network adapter status info Network connection status: Connected HTTP, HTTPS, FTP Diagnostic HTTP, HTTPS, FTP connectivity info FTP (Active): Successfully connected to ftp.microsoft.com. warn HTTP: Error 12007 connecting to www.microsoft.com: The server name or address could not be resolved warn HTTP: Error 12002 connecting to www.hotmail.com: The operation timed out warn HTTPS: Error 12002 connecting to www.passport.net: The operation timed out warn HTTPS: Error 12002 connecting to www.microsoft.com: The operation timed out error Could not make an HTTP connection. error Could not make an HTTPS connection.

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• Weighted round robins via TTL - possible?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I currently use DNS round robin for load balancing, which works great. The records look like this (I have a ttl of 120 seconds) ;; ANSWER SECTION: orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 80.237.201.41 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.54.12 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.100.10 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.51.65 I learned that not every ISP / device treats such a response the same way. For example some DNS servers rotate the addresses randomly or always cycle them through. Some just propagate the first entry, others try to determine which is best (regionally near) by looking at the ip address. However if the userbase is big enough (spreads over multiple ISPs etc) it balances pretty well. The discrepancies from highest to lowest loaded server hardly every exceeds 15%. However now I have the problem that I am introducing more servers into the systems, that not all have the same capacities. I currently only have 1gbps servers, but I want to work with 100mbit and also 10gbps servers too. So what I want is I want to introduce a server with 10 GBps with a weight of 100, a 1 gbps server with a weight of 10 and a 100 mbit server with a weight of 1. I used to add servers twice to bring more traffic to them (which worked nice. the bandwidth doubled almost.) But adding a 10gbit server 100 times to DNS is a bit rediculous. So I thought about using the TTL. If I give server A 240 seconds ttl and server B only 120 seconds (which is about about the minimum to use for round robin, as a lot of dns servers set to 120 if a lower ttl is specified.. so i have heard) I think something like this should occour in an ideal scenario: first 120 seconds 50% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds. 50% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds second 120 seconds 50% of requests still have server A cached -> keep it for another 120 seconds. 25% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds 25% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds third 120 seconds 25% will get server A (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 240 sec 25% will get server B (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 120 sec 25% will have server A cached for another 120 seconds 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 120sec 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 240 sec fourth 120 seconds 25% will have server A cached -> cache for another 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 6.25% will get server A (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 6.25% will get server B (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will have server A cached -> cache another 120 secs ... i think i lost something at this point but i think you get the idea.... As you can see this gets pretty complicated to predict and it will for sure not work out like this in practice. But it should definitely have an effect on the distribution! I know that weighted round robin exists and is just controlled by the root server. It just cycles through dns records when responding and returns dns records with a set propability that corresponds to the weighting. My DNS server does not support this, and my requirements are not that precise. If it doesnt weight perfectly its okay, but it should go into the right direction. I think using the TTL field could be a more elegant and easier solution - and it deosnt require a dns server that controls this dynamically, which saves resources - which is in my opinion the whole point of dns load balancing vs hardware load balancers. My question now is... are there any best prectices / methos / rules of thumb to weight round robin distribution using the TTL attribute of DNS records? Edit: The system is a forward proxy server system. The amount of Bandwidth (not requests) exceeds what one single server with ethernet can handle. So I need a balancing solution that distributes the bandwidth to several servers. Are there any alternative methods than using DNS? Of course I can use a load balancer with fibre channel etc, but the costs are rediciulous and it also increases only the width of the bottleneck and does not eliminate it. The only thing i can think of are anycast (is it anycast or multicast?) ip addresses, but I don't have the means to set up such a system.

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• Mount TMPFS instead of ro /dev

  - by schiggn

  I am working on a ARM-Based embedded system with a custom Debian Linux based on kernel 2.6.31. In the final system, the Root file system is stored as squashfs on flash. Now, the folder /dev is created by udev, but since there is no hot plugging functionality needed and booting time is critical, I wanted to delete udev and "hard code" the /dev folder (read here, page 5). because i still need to change parameters of the devices (with ioctl /sysfs) this does not work for me in this case. so i thought of mounting a tmpfs on /dev and change the parameters there. is this possible? and how to do best? my approach would be: delete /dev from RFS create tar containing basic devices mount tmpfs /dev untar tar-file into /dev change parameters Could this work? Do you see any problems? I found out, that you can mount on top of already mounted mount point, is it somehow possible just to take data with while mounting the new file system? if so that would be very convenient! Thanks Update: I just tried that out, but I'm stuck at a certain point. I packed all my devices into devices.tar, packed it into /usr of my squashfs and added the following lines to mountkernfs.sh, which is executed right after INIT. #mount /dev on tmpfs echo -n "Mounting /dev on tmpfs..." mount -o size=5M,mode=0755 -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 600 /dev/null c 1 3 echo "done." echo -n "Populating /dev..." tar -xf /usr/devices.tar -C /dev echo "done." This works fine on the version over NFS, if I place printf's in the code, I can see it executing, if I comment out the extracting part, its complaining about missing devices. Booting OK mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. System Clock set to: Thu Sep 13 11:26:23 UTC 2012. INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 UBI: attaching mtd8 to ubi0 Commenting out the extraction of the tar mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method. Use the --debug option to see the details of our search for an access method. Unable to set System Clock to: Thu Sep 13 12:24:00 UTC 2012 ... (warning). INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 libubi: error!: cannot open "/dev/ubi_ctrl" So far so good. But if I pack the whole story into a squashfs and boot from there, it is acting strange. It's telling me while booting that it is unable to open an initial console and its throwing errors on mounting the UBIFS devices, but finally provides a login anyway. Over that my echo's are not executed. If I then log in, /dev is mounted as TMPFS as desired and all the devices reside inside. When I redo the "mount" command to mount the UBIFS partitions it is executed whitout problem and useable. From squashfs VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly on device 31:15. Freeing init memory: 136K Warning: unable to open an initial console. mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 UBIFS error (pid 484): ubifs_get_sb: cannot open "ubi1_0", error -19 Additionally, a part of the rest of the bootscripts is still exexuted, but not all of them. Does anyone has a clue why? Other question, is 5MB enough/too much for /dev?

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• Problem upgrading kernel on debian 3.1

  - by exhuma

  Hi, I have a quite old box in a remote server farm. So I have no direct access. Only remote SSH (and via SSH to a serial console). I haven't updated this box in ages. Now, whenever I want to install a new package, a dependency to glibc appears. Unfortunately, the install of glibc depends on a 2.6 kernel and I am running a venerable 2.4 kernel (one more reason to upgrade). The problem is, that the install of a new kernel has an indirect (over locales) dependency to glibc. So, to install glibc, I need a new kernel. For a new kernel, I need to upgrade glibc. Essentially I am blocked. What's the best way to proceed considering I have no "hardware" access? Here's a quick transcript of the upgrade process: [green:~]% sudo aptitude install linux-image-686 Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done The following packages are unused and will be REMOVED: gcc-4.3-base The following NEW packages will be automatically installed: dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 module-init-tools yaird The following packages have been kept back: adduser apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-common apt apt-utils aptitude autoconf autotools-dev awstats base-files base-passwd [...snip...] util-linux vacation vim vim-common wamerican wbritish wget whiptail whois wwwconfig-common zlib1g The following NEW packages will be installed: dash libc6-i686 libparse-recdescent-perl linux-image-2.6-686 linux-image-2.6.18-6-686 linux-image-686 module-init-tools yaird The following packages will be upgraded: hotplug libc6 2 packages upgraded, 8 newly installed, 1 to remove and 277 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/22.7MB of archives. After unpacking 52.1MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] Writing extended state information... Done Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 34065 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace libc6 2.3.6.ds1-13 (using .../libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb) ... Checking for services that may need to be restarted... Checking init scripts... WARNING: init script for postgresql not found. [ --- libc6 config screen appears here --- ] WARNING: POSIX threads library NPTL requires kernel version 2.6.8 or later. If you use a kernel 2.4, please upgrade it before installing glibc. The installation of a 2.6 kernel _could_ ask you to install a new libc first, this is NOT a bug, and should *NOT* be reported. In that case, please add etch sources to your /etc/apt/sources.list and run: apt-get install -t etch linux-image-2.6 Then reboot into this new kernel, and proceed with your upgrade dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess pre-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libc6_2.7-18lenny2_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Ack! Something bad happened while installing packages. Trying to recover: dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of locales: locales depends on glibc-2.7-1; however: Package glibc-2.7-1 is not installed. dpkg: error processing locales (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: locales Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done Now, if I follow the instrunctions as promted I get the following. Note that I am using aptitude instead of apt-get to benefit from the better dependency tracking. I did try with apt-get first. But that let me to the same problem. [green:~]% sudo aptitude install -t etch linux-image-2.6.26-2-686 Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree Reading extended state information Initializing package states... Done Reading task descriptions... Done E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. E: Unable to correct dependencies, some packages cannot be installed E: Unable to resolve some dependencies! Some packages had unmet dependencies. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-image-2.6.26-2-686: Depends: initramfs-tools (>= 0.55) but it is not installable or yaird (>= 0.0.13) but it is not installable or linux-initramfs-tool which is a virtual package. Any ideas?

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• Deployment Workbench no longer available after PXE boot

  - by Patrick

  Our build process revolves around windows Deployment Workbench. Unfortunately this was setup by someone who is no longer with the company, and no-one has ever dared/needed to make any changes. The other day it stopped working. It turns out that one of our build guys started thinking about changing some stuff in it, clicked something and now it no longer works (He is saying now that he right clicked on the 'LAB' entry in 'Deployment points' and hit 'Update', which took some time to run through apparently). The job has fallen on me to resolve and frankly I'm not sure what I'm doing. I was wondering if someone with more experience than me can provide some pointers as to troubleshooting cos I'm feeling quite a lot in the dark here. On the server I have Deployment Workbench up and running (MMC snapin) version 3.0. There is a WDS service that appears to be running ok, as does the tFTPd service. Nothing specific to this in event logs. From the client side; PXE boot works and gets you to the Win PE launch, and it has the correct company logo as the background (proving to me that its loading win PE from the network). WPEINIT runs, and asks for domain credentials, here the team simply put User/Pass/Domain in the boxes and click ok. Normally the build would kick off. Instead they get an error message saying that the \NATBLU01\Distribution$ share isn't available. Checking \NATBLU01\Distribution$ shows that its there and accessible over the network. Security/permissions seem ok, even 'ANONYMOUS LOGON' has read access to that share so I don't see that being a problem. Digging the trace files from C:\MININT\SMSOSD\OSDLOGS\ after an attempt to run the build I can see an error saying much the same - <![LOG[Validating connection to \\NATBLU01\Distribution$]LOG]!><time="16:42:14.000+000" date="03-15-2012" component="LiteTouch" context="" type="1" thread="" file="LiteTouch"> <![LOG[FindFile: The file OSDConnectToUNC.exe could not be found in any standard locations.]LOG]!><time="16:42:14.000+000" date="03-15-2012" component="LiteTouch" context="" type="1" thread="" file="LiteTouch"> <![LOG[The network location cannot be reached. For information about network troubleshooting, see Windows Help.]LOG]!><time="16:42:24.000+000" date="03-15-2012" component="LiteTouch" context="" type="3" thread="" file="LiteTouch"> <![LOG[ERROR - Unable to map a network drive to \\NATBLU01\Distribution$.]LOG]!><time="16:42:24.000+000" date="03-15-2012" component="LiteTouch" context="" type="3" thread="" file="LiteTouch"> BDD.LOG shows much the same. Full copies of the .LOG files can both files be found here : BDD.LOG LITETOUCH.LOG I can get to a command prompt from the Win PE that boots from PXE, however there isn't any network stuff there. IPCONFIG returns nothing so none of the tests I would usually run resolve anything. I'm at a loss frankly. I did wonder if I could perhaps start a new build process but if the change to the DeploymentWorkbench has knocked it offline I don't think I'm going to be able to create a new deployment. Failing that; we do have a deployment point labeled type 'Media' which appears to be a DVD ISO image of one of the builds, but its dated 2008, is it possible to export the network build to .ISO and build from DVD? We are looking at new hardware to run this from anyway (for the impending Windows 7 roll out) so a temporary work round isn't going to be too much of a problem. All assistance is appreciated! EDIT : OK. Got it working again. Solution was close to Newmanth's idea. The problem was that our PE image didn't appear to be connecting the network. I had an older copy of the PE boot.WIM on a stick that I had been using for other purposes. I booted that and correctly got a network connection. Showed a correct internal IP and could ping out etc etc. However I was still getting the same errors in all the logs and in when wpeinit was running. What I did seperately was to update the PE image that DeploymentWorkbench was pushing out to display a different back ground. I wanted to prove that I was working in the correct place. Turns out that I wasn't. I went and looked at the other deployment stuff we had on this machine, Windows Deployment Services was installed and although all the install images are off line the boot image was online, so I uploaded the copy from my stick to that. Booted straight off. And fixed. Working. Yay! For anyone stumbling across this in the future you may find that although your deployment images are located in the DeploymentWorkbench, the Win PE boot image you are launching from is located in the associated Windows Deployment Services images.

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• Web browsing is fast, but downloads are slow

  - by Ricket

  I work for a company on my university's campus, helping with general IT problems and some web development. But lately there has been a problem that has me and my boss completely stumped. We, plus one contractor, make up the entire IT department, so I'm reaching out to you for help. All around the office, we have wall jacks. These collect in a closet down the hall and all plug into a switch. This switch, along with our individual server jacks, plugs into another switch, and that switch plugs into our firewall hardware. Then the firewall is connected out to our campus network. Our campus internet is, well, very fast. I don't know exactly the terms, tiers, etc., but we have thousands of students and downloads can run as fast as 10 MB/s at night; uploads are sometimes even faster. I think we're practically ISP level. In short, I have a lot of faith that it is not the campus side of things that is causing a problem, combined with other evidence I'll mention in a moment. So our symptoms: web browsing is fast. Web pages, images, etc. load instantly. No problems there. But then when I go to download something, the download starts fast but very quickly (a matter of seconds) drops to nearly 0. Often it will actually drop to 0 and time out. This happens with even very small files, 1 MB or less. It smells to me like a QoS sort of thing. I'm not entirely sure, and I wanted to get your opinions first. My boss is hesitant to touch our firewall, much less let me touch it, and it was set up and is managed by a consultant remotely. These problems don't seem tied to a time of the day. I've tried downloads after 5:00 and still the same thing happens. From my desk, I can turn on my wireless adapter and pick up the campus wireless access point. If I unplug ethernet and connect to it, downloads are fast. This adds to my suspicion that it's limited to our company network. Also, a number of weeks ago the consultant upgraded our firewall firmware. Suddenly everything was very fast. I tested with downloads from Sun and speedtest.net and things were blazing fast, as they should be with our campus internet! It was wonderful, and I figured the slow speeds were an old firmware bug. In a matter of days, things steadily declined until they were back to the old symptoms. Oh, and we have antivirus installed on every computer, and we keep it up to date. Though I suppose the possibility is still there that someone could have spyware which is bogging down our internet, in which case what is the easiest/best way to find this out? (maybe this should go in a separate question) Thank you for your patience in reading all of this. Do you have any ideas as to what I can try? Is this something that you've experienced before? What sort of tools or methods can I use to try and diagnose the problem? P.S. everything here is Windows. Windows Server 2003 and 2008 on our servers, and Windows XP on employees' machines. Update: We are submitting a ticket to the university to just take a look and see if they see anything unusual and/or can suggestion methods for us to try and pinpoint our problem. Hopefully they'll be helpful! I'll update this to let you know what goes on. Update again: We found a hub (yes, a HUB) right between our campus connection and our firewall. It had only those two ethernet cables plugged into it, nothing else. After removing the hub, our speeds have jumped up to several mbps. However in talking with the campus, we got them to run a gigabit line to our firewall in place of the 100mbps line. As of friday, we are at about 65 mbps up and down (according to speedtest.net at 8am)!! Go NC State!!

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• SVN Server not responding

  - by Rob Forrest

  I've been bashing my head against a wall with this one all day and I would greatly appreciate a few more eyes on the problem at hand. We have an in-house SVN Server that contains all live and development code for our website. Our live server can connect to this and get updates from the repository. This was all working fine until we migrated the SVN Server from a physical machine to a vSphere VM. Now, for some reason that continues to fathom me, we can no longer connect to the SVN Server. The SVN Server runs CentOS 6.2, Apache and SVN 1.7.2. SELinux is well and trully disabled and the problem remains when iptables is stopped. Our production server does run an older version of CentOS and SVN but the same system worked previously so I don't think that this is the issue. Of note, if I have iptables enabled, using service iptables status, I can see a single packet coming in and being accepted but the production server simply hangs on any svn command. If I give up waiting and do a CTRL-C to break the process I get a "could not connect to server". To me it appears to be something to do with the SVN Server rejecting external connections but I have no idea how this would happen. Any thoughts on what I can try from here? Thanks, Rob Edit: Network topology Production server sits externally to our in-house SVN server. Our IPCop (?) firewall allows connections from it (and it alone) on port 80 and passes the connection to the SVN Server. The hardware is all pretty decent and I don't doubt that its doing its job correctly, especially as iptables is seeing the new connections. subversion.conf (in /etc/httpd/conf.d) LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so <Location /repos> DAV svn SVNPath /var/svn/repos <LimitExcept PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT> AuthType Basic AuthName "SVN Server" AuthUserFile /var/svn/svn-auth Require valid-user </LimitExcept> </Location> ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:5F:C8:3A inet addr:172.16.0.14 Bcast:172.16.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:c83a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:32317 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:632 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2544036 (2.4 MiB) TX bytes:143207 (139.8 KiB) netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1484/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1135/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1351/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1230/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1575/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:58401 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1153/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5672 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1626/qpidd tcp 0 0 :::139 :::* LISTEN 1678/smbd tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1135/rpcbind tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1615/httpd tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1351/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1230/cupsd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1575/master tcp 0 0 :::445 :::* LISTEN 1678/smbd tcp 0 0 :::56799 :::* LISTEN 1153/rpc.statd iptables --list -v -n (when iptables is stopped) Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination iptables --list -v -n (when iptables is running, after one attempted svn connection) Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 68 packets, 6561 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 19 1304 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 1 60 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW udp dpt:80 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 17 packets, 1612 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination tcpdump 17:08:18.455114 IP 'production server'.43255 > 'svn server'.local.http: Flags [S], seq 3200354543, win 5840, options [mss 1380,sackOK,TS val 2011458346 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 17:08:18.455169 IP 'svn server'.local.http > 'production server'.43255: Flags [S.], seq 629885453, ack 3200354544, win 14480, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 816478 ecr 2011449346,nop,wscale 7], length 0 17:08:19.655317 IP 'svn server'.local.http > 'production server'k.43255: Flags [S.], seq 629885453, ack 3200354544, win 14480, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 817679 ecr 2011449346,nop,wscale 7], length 0

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• Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network lots of connections and high traffic for storage and streaming services

  - by Linux Guy

  I have two servers, Both servers hardware Specification are Processor : Dual Processor RAM : over 128 G.B Hard disk : SSD Hard disk Outging Traffic bandwidth : 3 Gbps network cards speed : 10 Gbps Server A : for Encoding videos Server B : for storage videos andstream videos over web interface like youtube The inbound bandwidth between two servers is 10Gbps , the outbound bandwidth internet bandwidth is 500Mpbs Both servers using public ip addresses in public and private network Both servers transfer and connection on nginx port , and the server B used for streaming media , like youtube stream videos Both servers in same network , when i do ping from Server A to Server B i got high time latency above 1.0ms , the time range time=52.7 ms to time=215.7 ms - This is the output of iftop utility 353Mb 707Mb 1.04Gb 1.38Gb 1.73Gb mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq server.example.com => ip.address 6.36Mb 4.31Mb 1.66Mb <= 158Kb 94.8Kb 35.1Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.23Mb 4.28Mb 1.12Mb <= 17.1Kb 83.5Kb 21.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 395Kb 3.89Mb 1.07Mb <= 6.09Kb 109Kb 28.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 4.55Mb 3.83Mb 1.04Mb <= 55.6Kb 45.4Kb 13.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 649Kb 3.38Mb 1.47Mb <= 9.00Kb 38.7Kb 16.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 5.00Mb 3.32Mb 1.80Mb <= 65.7Kb 55.1Kb 29.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 387Kb 3.13Mb 1.06Mb <= 18.4Kb 39.9Kb 15.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.27Mb 3.11Mb 1.01Mb <= 81.2Kb 64.5Kb 20.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 3.08Mb 2.72Mb <= 16.6Kb 35.6Kb 32.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 2.90Mb 2.79Mb <= 22.4Kb 32.6Kb 35.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.03Mb 2.78Mb 1.82Mb <= 26.6Kb 27.4Kb 20.2Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.26Mb 2.66Mb 1.36Mb <= 51.7Kb 49.1Kb 24.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 586Kb 2.50Mb 1.03Mb <= 4.17Kb 26.1Kb 10.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.42Mb 2.49Mb 2.44Mb <= 31.6Kb 29.7Kb 29.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.41Mb 2.46Mb 2.41Mb <= 26.4Kb 24.5Kb 23.8Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.37Mb 2.39Mb 2.40Mb <= 28.9Kb 27.0Kb 28.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 525Kb 2.20Mb 1.05Mb <= 7.03Kb 26.0Kb 12.8Kb qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq TX: cum: 102GB peak: 1.65Gb rates: 1.46Gb 1.44Gb 1.48Gb RX: 1.31GB 24.3Mb 19.5Mb 18.9Mb 20.0Mb TOTAL: 103GB 1.67Gb 1.48Gb 1.46Gb 1.50Gb I check the transfer speed using iperf utility From Server A to Server B # iperf -c 0.0.0.2 -p 8777 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 0.0.0.2, TCP port 8777 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 0.0.0.1 port 38895 connected with 0.0.0.2 port 8777 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.8 sec 528 KBytes 399 Kbits/sec My Current Connections in Server B # netstat -an|grep ":8777"|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort -nr| uniq -c 2072 TIME_WAIT 28 SYN_RECV 1 LISTEN 189 LAST_ACK 139 FIN_WAIT2 373 FIN_WAIT1 3381 ESTABLISHED 34 CLOSING Server A Network Card Information Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes Server B Network Card Information Settings for eth2: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Direct Attach Copper PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes ifconfig server A eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:ED:9E:AA inet addr:0.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1202795665 errors:0 dropped:64334 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2313161968 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:893413096188 (832.0 GiB) TX bytes:3360949570454 (3.0 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) TX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) ifconfig Server B eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:82:C4:FE inet addr:0.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:39973046980 errors:0 dropped:1828387600 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:69618752480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3013976063688 (2.7 TiB) TX bytes:102250230803933 (92.9 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) TX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) Netstat -i on Server B # netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth2 9000 0 42098629968 0 2131223717 0 73698797854 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 0 1077908 0 0 0 1077908 0 0 0 LRU I Turn up send/receive buffers on the network card to 2048 and problem still persist I increase the MTU for server A and problem still persist and i increase the MTU for server B for better connectivity and transfer speed but it couldn't transfer at all The problem is : as you can see from iperf utility, the transfer speed from server A to server B slow when i restart network service in server B the transfer in server A at full speed, after 2 minutes , it's getting slow How could i troubleshoot slow speed issue and fix it in server B ? Notice : if there any other commands i should execute in servers for more information, so it might help resolve the problem , let me know in comments

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• BIND returns serverfail when querying for its authoriative domain

  - by estol

  Hi there Serverfault folks! First of all: sorry about the title, I had some problem coming up with the proper title. I have a little home server set up, for internet sharing, samba, basic http, dlna mediaserver and what not, and I happend to have a domain at hand, so I thought why not direct it to this computer? I have a BIND 9.8.0 installed, and - afaik - configured it properly. For a few days, the public view did not worked, and I really did not cared, since the local view worked. But now suddenly, even the local view fails. If I try to query the nameserver for anything in my domain, it returns the following error: $ nslookup andromeda.dafaces.com ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from ::1, trying next server ;; Got SERVFAIL reply from ::1, trying next server Server: 127.0.0.1 Address: 127.0.0.1#53 ** server can't find andromeda.dafaces.com.dafaces.com: SERVFAIL Also, the public view points to the old ip address of the domain, probably because of the same error. Some information about the system: $ uname -a Linux tressis 2.6.37-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Mar 15 09:21:17 CET 2011 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5000+ AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux $ named -v BIND 9.8.0 And the named.conf file: # cat /etc/named.conf // // /etc/named.conf // include "/etc/rndc.key"; #controls { # inet 127.0.0.1 allow {localhost; } keys { "dnskulcs"; }; #}; options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid"; auth-nxdomain yes; datasize default; // Uncomment these to enable IPv6 connections support // IPv4 will still work: listen-on-v6 { any; }; listen-on { any; }; // Add this for no IPv4: // listen-on { none; }; // Default security settings. // allow-recursion { 127.0.0.1; ::1; 192.168.1.0/24; }; // allow-recursion { any; }; allow-query { any; }; allow-transfer { 127.0.0.1; ::1; 92.243.14.172; 87.98.164.164; 88.191.64.64; }; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; version none; hostname none; server-id none; zone-statistics yes; forwarders { 213.46.246.53; 213.26.246.54; 8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4; 192.188.242.65; 193.227.196.3; 2001:470:20::2; }; }; view "local" { match-clients { 192.168.1.0/24; 127.0.0.1; ::1; fec0:0:0:ffff::/64; }; recursion yes; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "127.0.0.zone"; allow-transfer { any; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "root.hint"; }; zone "dafaces.com" IN { type master; file "internal/dafaces.com.fw"; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "internal/dafaces.com.rev"; allow-update { key "dnskulcs"; }; }; }; view "public" { match-clients { any;}; recursion no; zone "dafaces.com" IN { type master; file "external/dafaces.com.fw"; allow-transfer { 87.98.164.164; 195.234.42.1; 88.191.64.64; }; }; }; //zone "example.org" IN { // type slave; // file "example.zone"; // masters { // 192.168.1.100; // }; // allow-query { any; }; // allow-transfer { any; }; //}; logging { channel xfer-log { file "/var/log/named.log"; print-category yes; print-severity yes; print-time yes; severity info; }; category xfer-in { xfer-log; }; category xfer-out { xfer-log; }; category notify { xfer-log; }; }; All help would be highly appreciated! EDIT: Zone files: # cat /var/named/internal/dafaces.com.fw $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; 1 hour dafaces.com IN SOA tressis.dafaces.com. postmaster.dafaces.com. ( 2011032201 ; serial 28800 ; refresh (8 hours) 7200 ; retry (2 hours) 2419200 ; expire (4 weeks) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) ) NS tressis.dafaces.com. A 192.168.1.1 MX 10 mail.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN _tcp.dafaces.com. _http SRV 0 5 80 www.dafaces.com. _ssh SRV 0 5 22 tressis.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN dafaces.com. acrisius A 192.168.1.230 andromeda A 192.168.1.7 andromeda-win7 CNAME andromeda aspasia A 192.168.1.233 athena A 192.168.1.232 callisto A 192.168.1.102 db A 192.168.1.1 management A 192.168.1.1 ; web management for the router functions haley A 192.168.1.5 hoth A 192.168.1.101 mail A 192.168.1.1 satelite A 192.168.1.20 sony-player A 192.168.1.103 TXT "310f16de2d2712dfc4ae6e5c54f60f828e" torrent A 192.168.1.1 tracker A 192.168.1.1 tressis A 192.168.1.1 www A 192.168.1.1 zeus A 192.168.1.231 and # cat /var/named/external/dafaces.com.fw $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 dafaces.com IN SOA ns.dafaces.com. postmaster.dafaces.com. ( 2011032405; serial 28800; refresh 7200; retry 2419200; expire 3600; minimum ) NS ns.dafaces.com. NS ns0.xname.org. NS ns1.xname.org. NS ns2.xname.org. A 89.135.129.37 MX 10 mail.dafaces.com. $ORIGIN dafaces.com. ;Szolgaltatasok _ssh._tcp SRV 0 5 22 tressis _http._tcp SRV 0 5 80 www ns A 89.135.129.37 hoth A 89.135.129.37 www A 89.135.129.37 mail A 89.135.129.37 db A 89.135.129.37 torrent A 89.135.129.37 tracker A 89.135.129.37 Edit: Ohh, hell I almost forgot. Since the node is connected to the internet via a residential connection, there is a possibility, that the public ipv4 address will change(but thank god, it is a very rare case), so I daily update the external IP address in the zone file with a shellscript: # cat /etc/cron.daily/dnsupdate #!/bin/sh FILE="/var/named/external/dafaces.com.fw" SERIAL=$(date +%Y%m%d05) PUBLIC_IP=$(ifconfig internet |sed -n "/inet addr:.*255.255.255.255/{s/.*inet addr://; s/ .*//; p}") cat $FILE | sed --posix 's/^.* serial$/\t\t\t\t\t'$SERIAL'; serial/' | sed --posix 's/[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*/'$PUBLIC_IP'/' > /tmp/ujzona mv /tmp/ujzona $FILE /etc/rc.d/named reload

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• xen domUs crashes or unavailability

  - by Rush

  I've xen server with 8 domU. Server is Xeon E31270 with 16gb ram. I think it is enough for 8 machines. Sometimes domU's crashes and i can't figure out the reason. After crash i can connect to console and there is somthing like this: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320780] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320790] Node 0 DMA: 10*4kB 3*8kB 13*16kB 10*32kB 7*64kB 3*128kB 2*256kB 2*512kB 1*1024kB 2*2048kB 0*4096kB = 8080kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320817] Node 0 DMA32: 648*4kB 2*8kB 1*16kB 0*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 5760kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320842] 1491 total pagecache pages Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320847] 0 pages in swap cache Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320852] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320858] Free swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.320862] Total swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 524288 pages RAM Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 11010 pages reserved Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 424467 pages shared Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.324024] 503538 pages non-shared Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330308] apache2 invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x200da, order=0, oom_adj=0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330322] apache2 cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330330] Pid: 23938, comm: apache2 Not tainted 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330337] Call Trace: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330349] [<ffffffff810b7180>] ? oom_kill_process+0x7f/0x23f Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330358] [<ffffffff810b76a4>] ? __out_of_memory+0x12a/0x141 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330367] [<ffffffff810b77fb>] ? out_of_memory+0x140/0x172 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330376] [<ffffffff810bb59c>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x4e5/0x5f5 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330385] [<ffffffff810cc224>] ? do_wp_page+0x386/0x707 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330395] [<ffffffff8100c3a5>] ? __raw_callee_save_xen_pud_val+0x11/0x1e Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330404] [<ffffffff8100c369>] ? __raw_callee_save_xen_pmd_val+0x11/0x1e Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330412] [<ffffffff810cdfc7>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x7aa/0x80f Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330422] [<ffffffff8130f906>] ? do_page_fault+0x2e0/0x2fc Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330433] [<ffffffff8130d7a5>] ? page_fault+0x25/0x30 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330439] Mem-Info: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330443] Node 0 DMA per-cpu: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330450] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330463] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330466] Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330469] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330472] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 60 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330476] active_anon:342076 inactive_anon:115398 isolated_anon:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330477] active_file:268 inactive_file:481 isolated_file:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330477] unevictable:1125 dirty:2 writeback:13 unstable:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330478] free:3410 slab_reclaimable:1718 slab_unreclaimable:6946 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330478] mapped:899 shmem:113 pagetables:35697 bounce:0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330502] Node 0 DMA free:8036kB min:32kB low:40kB high:48kB active_anon:1144kB inactive_anon:1268kB active_file:8kB inactive_file:8kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:11792kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:224kB kernel_stack:16kB pagetables:1228kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330518] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2004 2004 2004 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330523] Node 0 DMA32 free:5604kB min:5708kB low:7132kB high:8560kB active_anon:1367160kB inactive_anon:460324kB active_file:1064kB inactive_file:1916kB unevictable:4500kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:2052320kB mlocked:4500kB dirty:8kB writeback:52kB mapped:3600kB shmem:452kB slab_reclaimable:6872kB slab_unreclaimable:27560kB kernel_stack:3528kB pagetables:141560kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:992 all_unreclaimable? no Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330539] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330544] Node 0 DMA: 1*4kB 2*8kB 13*16kB 10*32kB 7*64kB 3*128kB 2*256kB 2*512kB 1*1024kB 2*2048kB 0*4096kB = 8036kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330579] Node 0 DMA32: 609*4kB 2*8kB 1*16kB 0*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 5604kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330605] 1522 total pagecache pages Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330610] 0 pages in swap cache Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330615] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330621] Free swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.330625] Total swap = 0kB Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 524288 pages RAM Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 11010 pages reserved Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 424367 pages shared Oct 8 22:20:49 server kernel: [30892.333018] 503658 pages non-shared Seems like there isn't enough memory for this domU. But there is no any memory problems reported in munin monitoring: As you see system uses around 0.2G and 1G is available. So my question is: Is it xen specific problem, that real memory usage and memory usage that shows munin are different (I've never seen such problems oh real hardware machines)? Or maybe it is just monitoring problem, that can't catch moment when there is unusual high load and domU go down? And how I can to defeat this problem? it is really annoying to catch messages in e-mail that domU went down. Btw, such situation was when domU had 2G memory.

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• ESXi v5.5 is having random crashes

  - by Darkmage

  HW: Type: HP Proliant ML350 G5 RAM 22GB CPU 1 x Intel Xenon E5405 2.00GHz OP: ESXi 5.5 just updated from 5.1 to try and fix the crashes occurring on ESXi 5.1 on same hardware. I'm trying to find the error on why one of our servers is crashing, it has had two lock ups in 24 hours now. The internal error light on the front is blinking red, on the inside only "#5 and #6 page 76 manual" the "Processor 2" light "amber" and the "Power" light "green" is shining. in the logs the only errors i can see in the relevant time frame is in log under. Is this the reason? or is there anything else i can do to try and log/locate the error. from zcat syslog.6.gz | less 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: Error opening socket pair for getProviderContext: Too many open files 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set recv timeout (30) for socket -1. Errno = 9 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set timeout for local socket (e.g. provider) 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: spGetMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: rcvMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: Error opening socket pair for getProviderContext: Too many open files 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set recv timeout (30) for socket -1. Errno = 9 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set timeout for local socket (e.g. provider) 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: spGetMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcbd[35064]: rcvMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:47Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:53Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:55:57Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:01Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:04Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:15Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: Error opening socket pair for getProviderContext: Too many open files 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set recv timeout (30) for socket -1. Errno = 9 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set timeout for local socket (e.g. provider) 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: spGetMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: rcvMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: Error opening socket pair for getProviderContext: Too many open files 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set recv timeout (30) for socket -1. Errno = 9 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: Failed to set timeout for local socket (e.g. provider) 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: spGetMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcbd[35064]: rcvMsg receiving from -1 35064-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:17Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:23Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:27Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:31Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:34Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:34Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:34Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:34Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:34Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:44Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:44Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:44Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:44Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:46Z sfcb-ProviderManager[34828]: SendMsg sending to 1 34828-9 Bad file descriptor 2014-05-26T11:56:48Z sfcbd[35064]: Error opening socket pair for getProviderContext: Too many open files -- manual

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• Cannot open root device xvda1 or unknown-block(0,0)

  - by svoop

  I'm putting together a Dom0 and three DomU (all Gentoo) with kernel 3.5.7 and Xen 4.1.1. Each Dom has it's own md (md0 for Dom0, md1 for Dom1 etc). Dom0 works fine so far, however, I'm stuck trying to create DomUs. It appears the xvda1 device on DomU is not created or accessible: Parsing config file dom1 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_allocate: cmdline="root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3", features="(null)" domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_kernel_mem: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_xen_init: ver 4.1, caps xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_parse_image: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_find_loader: trying multiboot-binary loader ... domainbuilder: detail: loader probe failed domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_find_loader: trying Linux bzImage loader ... domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc : 10530 kB domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x2f7a4f -> 0xa48888 domainbuilder: detail: loader probe OK xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x1000000 memsz=0x558000 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x1558000 memsz=0x690e8 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x15c2000 memsz=0x127c0 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x15d5000 memsz=0x533000 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: memory: 0x1000000 -> 0x1b08000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_OS = "linux" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_VERSION = "2.6" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: XEN_VERSION = "xen-3.0" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: VIRT_BASE = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: ENTRY = 0xffffffff815d5210 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: HYPERCALL_PAGE = 0xffffffff81001000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: FEATURES = "!writable_page_tables|pae_pgdir_above_4gb" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: PAE_MODE = "yes" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: LOADER = "generic" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: unknown xen elf note (0xd) xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: SUSPEND_CANCEL = 0x1 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: HV_START_LOW = 0xffff800000000000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: PADDR_OFFSET = 0x0 xc: detail: elf_xen_addr_calc_check: addresses: xc: detail: virt_base = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: elf_paddr_offset = 0x0 xc: detail: virt_offset = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: virt_kstart = 0xffffffff81000000 xc: detail: virt_kend = 0xffffffff81b08000 xc: detail: virt_entry = 0xffffffff815d5210 xc: detail: p2m_base = 0xffffffffffffffff domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_parse_elf_kernel: xen-3.0-x86_64: 0xffffffff81000000 -> 0xffffffff81b08000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_mem_init: mem 5000 MB, pages 0x138800 pages, 4k each domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_mem_init: 0x138800 pages domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_mem_init: called domainbuilder: detail: x86_compat: guest xen-3.0-x86_64, address size 64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc : 10000 kB domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: kernel : 0xffffffff81000000 -> 0xffffffff81b08000 (pfn 0x1000 + 0xb08 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x1000+0xb08 at 0x7fdec9b85000 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 0 at 0x0x7fdec9b85000 -> 0x0x7fdeca0dd000 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 1 at 0x0x7fdeca0dd000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1460e8 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 2 at 0x0x7fdeca147000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1597c0 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 3 at 0x0x7fdeca15a000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1cd000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: phys2mach : 0xffffffff81b08000 -> 0xffffffff824cc000 (pfn 0x1b08 + 0x9c4 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x1b08+0x9c4 at 0x7fdec91c1000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : start info : 0xffffffff824cc000 (pfn 0x24cc) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : xenstore : 0xffffffff824cd000 (pfn 0x24cd) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : console : 0xffffffff824ce000 (pfn 0x24ce) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x0000ffffffffffff/48: 0xffff000000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x0000007fffffffff/39: 0xffffff8000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x000000003fffffff/30: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffffbfffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x00000000001fffff/21: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffff827fffff, 20 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: page tables : 0xffffffff824cf000 -> 0xffffffff824e6000 (pfn 0x24cf + 0x17 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x24cf+0x17 at 0x7fdece676000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : boot stack : 0xffffffff824e6000 (pfn 0x24e6) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image : virt_alloc_end : 0xffffffff824e7000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image : virt_pgtab_end : 0xffffffff82800000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_image: called domainbuilder: detail: arch_setup_bootearly: doing nothing domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_64 <= matches domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_32p domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_32 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_32p domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_update_guest_p2m: dst 64bit, pages 0x138800 domainbuilder: detail: clear_page: pfn 0x24ce, mfn 0x37ddee domainbuilder: detail: clear_page: pfn 0x24cd, mfn 0x37ddef domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x24cc+0x1 at 0x7fdece675000 domainbuilder: detail: start_info_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: setup_hypercall_page: vaddr=0xffffffff81001000 pfn=0x1001 domainbuilder: detail: domain builder memory footprint domainbuilder: detail: allocated domainbuilder: detail: malloc : 20658 kB domainbuilder: detail: anon mmap : 0 bytes domainbuilder: detail: mapped domainbuilder: detail: file mmap : 0 bytes domainbuilder: detail: domU mmap : 21392 kB domainbuilder: detail: arch_setup_bootlate: shared_info: pfn 0x0, mfn 0xbaa6f domainbuilder: detail: shared_info_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: vcpu_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: vcpu_x86_64: cr3: pfn 0x24cf mfn 0x37dded domainbuilder: detail: launch_vm: called, ctxt=0x7fff224e4ea0 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_release: called Daemon running with PID 4639 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.5.7-gentoo (root@majordomo) (gcc version 4.5.4 (Gentoo 4.5.4 p1.0, pie-0.4.7) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 20 10:49:51 CET 2012 [ 0.000000] Command line: root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3 [ 0.000000] ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x00000000000a0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000138ffffff] usable [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active [ 0.000000] MPS support code is not built-in. [ 0.000000] Using acpi=off or acpi=noirq or pci=noacpi may have problem [ 0.000000] DMI not present or invalid. [ 0.000000] No AGP bridge found [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x139000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x100000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0xffffffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x100000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] NUMA turned off [ 0.000000] Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000138ffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x00000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] NODE_DATA [mem 0x1387fc000-0x1387fffff] [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x00010000-0x00ffffff] [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x01000000-0xffffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x100000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00010000-0x0009ffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00100000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] SMP: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs [ 0.000000] No local APIC present [ 0.000000] APIC: disable apic facility [ 0.000000] APIC: switched to apic NOOP [ 0.000000] e820: cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range [ 0.000000] e820: PCI devices with unassigned 32bit BARs may break! [ 0.000000] e820: [mem 0x139100000-0x1394fffff] available for PCI devices [ 0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on Xen [ 0.000000] Xen version: 4.1.1 (preserve-AD) [ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:64 nr_cpumask_bits:64 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 26 pages/cpu @ffff880138400000 s75712 r8192 d22592 u2097152 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 1259871 [ 0.000000] Policy zone: Normal [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3 [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.000000] __ex_table already sorted, skipping sort [ 0.000000] Checking aperture... [ 0.000000] No AGP bridge found [ 0.000000] Memory: 4943980k/5128192k available (3937k kernel code, 448k absent, 183764k reserved, 1951k data, 524k init) [ 0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=15, HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:4352 nr_irqs:256 16 [ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 0.000000] console [hvc0] enabled [ 0.000000] installing Xen timer for CPU 0 [ 0.000000] Detected 3411.602 MHz processor. [ 0.000999] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 6823.20 BogoMIPS (lpj=3411602) [ 0.000999] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.000999] Security Framework initialized [ 0.001355] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes) [ 0.002974] Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes) [ 0.003441] Mount-cache hash table entries: 256 [ 0.003595] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.003599] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer [ 0.003637] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: Set to 'normal', was 'performance' [ 0.003637] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: View and update with x86_energy_perf_policy(8) [ 0.003643] CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 [ 0.003645] CPU: Processor Core ID: 0 [ 0.003702] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code [ 0.011791] Freeing SMP alternatives: 12k freed [ 0.011835] Performance Events: unsupported p6 CPU model 42 no PMU driver, software events only. [ 0.011886] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.011998] Grant tables using version 2 layout. [ 0.012009] Grant table initialized [ 0.012034] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.012328] PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub [ 0.015089] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 [ 0.015158] ACPI: Interpreter disabled. [ 0.015180] xen/balloon: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.015180] xen-balloon: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.015180] vgaarb: loaded [ 0.016126] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.016314] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.016320] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.016435] NetLabel: Initializing [ 0.016438] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 [ 0.016440] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 [ 0.016447] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default [ 0.016475] Switching to clocksource xen [ 0.017434] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled [ 0.017501] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.017864] IP route cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) [ 0.019322] TCP established hash table entries: 524288 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes) [ 0.020376] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) [ 0.020497] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 524288 bind 65536) [ 0.020500] TCP: reno registered [ 0.020525] UDP hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.020564] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.020624] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.020658] PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB) [ 0.020662] software IO TLB [mem 0xfb632000-0xff631fff] (64MB) mapped at [ffff8800fb632000-ffff8800ff631fff] [ 0.020750] platform rtc_cmos: registered platform RTC device (no PNP device found) [ 0.021378] HugeTLB registered 2 MB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 0.023378] msgmni has been set to 9656 [ 0.023544] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 253) [ 0.023549] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.023551] io scheduler deadline registered [ 0.023580] io scheduler cfq registered (default) [ 0.023650] pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5 [ 0.023845] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 0.024082] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3 [ 0.024085] Linux agpgart interface v0.103 [ 0.024207] Event-channel device installed. [ 0.024265] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [ 0.024268] [drm:i915_init] *ERROR* drm/i915 can't work without intel_agp module! [ 0.025145] brd: module loaded [ 0.025565] loop: module loaded [ 0.045646] Initialising Xen virtual ethernet driver. [ 0.198264] i8042: PNP: No PS/2 controller found. Probing ports directly. [ 0.199096] i8042: No controller found [ 0.199139] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 0.259303] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0 [ 0.259353] rtc_cmos: probe of rtc_cmos failed with error -38 [ 0.259440] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1 [ 0.259542] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) [ 0.259732] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 0.259747] TCP: cubic registered [ 0.259886] NET: Registered protocol family 10 [ 0.260031] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 0.260070] sit: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver [ 0.260194] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 0.260213] Bridge firewalling registered [ 5.360075] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 25s...20s...15s...10s...5s...0s...235s...230s...225s...220s...215s...210s...205s...200s...195s...190s...185s...180s...175s...170s...165s...160s...155s...150s...145s...140s...135s...130s...125s...120s...115s...110s...105s...100s...95s...90s...85s...80s...75s...70s...65s...60s...55s...50s...45s...40s...35s...30s...25s...20s...15s...10s...5s...0s... [ 270.360180] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) [ 270.360273] md: Waiting for all devices to be available before autodetect [ 270.360277] md: If you don't use raid, use raid=noautodetect [ 270.360388] md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. [ 270.360392] md: Scanned 0 and added 0 devices. [ 270.360394] md: autorun ... [ 270.360395] md: ... autorun DONE. [ 270.360431] VFS: Cannot open root device "xvda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6 [ 270.360435] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: [ 270.360440] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) [ 270.360444] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.5.7-gentoo #1 [ 270.360446] Call Trace: [ 270.360454] [<ffffffff813d2205>] ? panic+0xbe/0x1c5 [ 270.360459] [<ffffffff813d2358>] ? printk+0x4c/0x51 [ 270.360464] [<ffffffff815d5fb7>] ? mount_block_root+0x24f/0x26d [ 270.360469] [<ffffffff815d62b6>] ? prepare_namespace+0x168/0x192 [ 270.360474] [<ffffffff815d5ca7>] ? kernel_init+0x1b0/0x1c2 [ 270.360477] [<ffffffff815d5500>] ? loglevel+0x34/0x34 [ 270.360482] [<ffffffff813d5a64>] ? kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [ 270.360486] [<ffffffff813d4038>] ? retint_restore_args+0x5/0x6 [ 270.360490] [<ffffffff813d5a60>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 The config: name = "dom1" bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub" root = "/dev/xvda1 ro" extra = "3" # runlevel memory = 5000 disk = [ 'phy:/dev/md1,xvda1,w' ] # vif = [ 'ip=..., vifname=veth1' ] # none for now Here are some details on the Dom0 kernel (grepping for "xen"): CONFIG_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST=y CONFIG_XEN_PVHVM=y CONFIG_XEN_MAX_DOMAIN_MEMORY=500 CONFIG_XEN_SAVE_RESTORE=y CONFIG_PCI_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND is not set CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_BACKEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND is not set CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND=y CONFIG_INPUT_XEN_KBDDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_WDT is not set # CONFIG_XEN_FBDEV_FRONTEND is not set # Xen driver support CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON=y # CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING is not set CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES=y CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN=y CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND=y CONFIG_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_COMPAT_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR=y CONFIG_XEN_XENBUS_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV=m CONFIG_XEN_GRANT_DEV_ALLOC=m CONFIG_SWIOTLB_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_TMEM=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND=m CONFIG_XEN_PRIVCMD=y CONFIG_XEN_ACPI_PROCESSOR=m And the DomU kernel (grepping for "xen"): CONFIG_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST=y CONFIG_XEN_PVHVM=y CONFIG_XEN_MAX_DOMAIN_MEMORY=500 CONFIG_XEN_SAVE_RESTORE=y CONFIG_PCI_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_INPUT_XEN_KBDDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_WDT is not set # CONFIG_XEN_FBDEV_FRONTEND is not set # Xen driver support CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON=y # CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING is not set CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES=y CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN=y # CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND is not set CONFIG_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_COMPAT_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR=y CONFIG_XEN_XENBUS_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV=m CONFIG_XEN_GRANT_DEV_ALLOC=m CONFIG_SWIOTLB_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_TMEM=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVCMD=y CONFIG_XEN_ACPI_PROCESSOR=m Any ideas what I'm doing wrong here? Thanks a lot!

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• dual boot install--no GRUB

  - by Jim Syyap

  My computer recently had a hardware upgrade and now runs on Windows 7. I decided to install Ubuntu 11.04 as dual boot using the ISO I got from ubuntu.com downloaded onto my USB stick. Restarting with the USB stick, I was able to install Ubuntu 11.04 choosing the option: Install Ubuntu 11.04 side by side with Windows 7 (or something like that). No errors were encountered on installation. However on restarting, there was no GRUB; the system went straight into Windows 7. Looking for answers, I found these: http://essayboard.com/2011/07/12/how-to-dual-boot-ubuntu-11-04-and-windows-7-the-traditional-way-through-grub-2/ http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1774523 Following their instructions, I got: Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Syslinux MBR (3.61-4.03) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos7)/boot/grub on this drive. sda1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /grldr /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /grldr sda2: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe sdb1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.02 debian-20101016 ...........>...r>....... ......0...~.k...~...f...M.f.f....f..8~....>2} Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 1437504 of /dev/sdb1 for its second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory. The integrity check of the ADV area failed. According to the info in the boot sector, sdb1 starts at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk, sdb1 starts at sector 62. Operating System: Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys sdc1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sdc2: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc5: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc6: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc7: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdc8: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Going back into Ubuntu and running sudo fdisk -l , I got these: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002f393 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 19458 156185600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 2011 MB, 2011168768 bytes 62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f2ab9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 1021 1962331 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121600 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00261ddd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 1 60657 487222656+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdc2 60657 121600 489527681 5 Extended /dev/sdc5 120563 121600 8337703+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc6 120073 120562 3930112 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc7 60657 119584 473328640 83 Linux /dev/sdc8 119584 120072 3923968 82 Linux swap / Solaris Should I proceed and do the following? Assuming Ubuntu 11.04 was installed on device sdb1, do this: sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt Then do this: sudo grub-install--root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb Notice there are two dashes in front of the root directory, and I'm not using sdb1 but sdb. Since the command in step 15 had reinstalled Grub 2, now we need to unmount the /mnt (i.e. sdb1) to clean up. Do this: sudo umount /mnt Reboot and remove Ubuntu 11.04 CD/DVD from disk tray. Log into Ubuntu 11.04 (you have no choice but it will make you log into Ubuntu 11.04 at this point). Open up a terminal in Ubuntu 11.04 (using real installation, not live CD/DVD). Execute this command: sudo update-grub Reboot the machine.

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• e2fsck extremly slow, although enough memory exists

  - by kaefert

  I've got this external USB-Disk: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ lsusb -s 2:3 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bc2:3320 Seagate RSS LLC As can be seen in this dmesg output, there are some problems that prevents that disk from beeing mounted: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ dmesg | grep sdb [ 114.474342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.475089] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 114.475092] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 114.475959] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 114.477093] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.501649] sdb: sdb1 [ 114.502717] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.504354] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 116.804408] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 3976 failed (47397!=61519) [ 116.804413] EXT4-fs (sdb1): group descriptors corrupted! So I went and fired up my favorite partition manager - gparted, and told it to verify and repair the partition sdb1. This made gparted call e2fsck (version 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012)) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Although gparted called e2fsck with the "-v" option, sadly it doesn't show me the output of my e2fsck process (bugreport https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=467925 ) I started this whole thing on Sunday (2012-11-04_2200) evening, so about 48 hours ago, this is what htop says about it now (2012-11-06-1900): PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 3704 root 39 19 1560M 1166M 768 R 98.0 19.5 42h56:43 e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Now I found a few posts on the internet that discuss e2fsck running slow, for example: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13613 where they write that its a good idea to see if the disk is just that slow because maybe its damaged, and I think these outputs tell me that this is not the case in my case: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 3562 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1783.29 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 82 MB in 3.01 seconds = 27.26 MB/sec kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 364801/255/63, sectors = 5860533160, start = 0 However, although I can read quickly from that disk, this disk speed doesn't seem to be used by e2fsck, considering tools like gkrellm or iotop or this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ iostat -x Linux 3.2.0-2-amd64 (blechmobil) 2012-11-06 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14,24 47,81 14,63 0,95 0,00 22,37 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0,59 8,29 2,42 5,14 43,17 160,17 53,75 0,30 39,80 8,72 54,42 3,95 2,99 sdb 137,54 5,48 9,23 0,20 587,07 22,73 129,35 0,07 7,70 7,51 16,18 2,17 2,04 Now I researched a little bit on how to find out what e2fsck is doing with all that processor time, and I found the tool strace, which gives me this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo strace -p3704 lseek(4, 41026998272, SEEK_SET) = 41026998272 write(4, "\212\354K[_\361\3nl\212\245\352\255jR\303\354\312Yv\334p\253r\217\265\3567\325\257\3766"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404766720, SEEK_SET) = 48404766720 read(4, "\7t\260\366\346\337\304\210\33\267j\35\377'\31f\372\252\ffU\317.y\211\360\36\240c\30`\34"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027002368, SEEK_SET) = 41027002368 write(4, "\232]7Ws\321\352\t\1@[+5\263\334\276{\343zZx\352\21\316`1\271[\202\350R`"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404770816, SEEK_SET) = 48404770816 read(4, "\17\362r\230\327\25\346//\210H\v\311\3237\323K\304\306\361a\223\311\324\272?\213\tq \370\24"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027006464, SEEK_SET) = 41027006464 write(4, "\367yy>x\216?=\324Z\305\351\376&\25\244\210\271\22\306}\276\237\370(\214\205G\262\360\257#"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404774912, SEEK_SET) = 48404774912 read(4, "\365\25\0\21|T\0\21}3t_\272\373\222k\r\177\303\1\201\261\221$\261B\232\3142\21U\316"..., 4096) = 4096 ^CProcess 3704 detached around 16 of these lines every second, so 4 read and 4 write operations every second, which I don't consider to be a lot.. And finally, my question: Will this process ever finish? If those numbers from fseek (48404774912) represent bytes, that would be something like 45 gigabytes, with this beeing a 3 terrabyte disk, which would give me 134 days to go, if the speed stays constant, and he scans the disk like this completly and only once. Do you have some advice for me? I have most of the data on that disk elsewhere, but I've put a lot of hours into sorting and merging it to this disk, so I would prefer to getting this disk up and running again, without formatting it anew. I don't think that the hardware is damaged since the disk is only a few months and since I can't see any I/O errors in the dmesg output. UPDATE: I just looked at the strace output again (2012-11-06_2300), now it looks like this: lseek(4, 1419860611072, SEEK_SET) = 1419860611072 read(4, "3#\f\2447\335\0\22A\355\374\276j\204'\207|\217V|\23\245[\7VP\251\242\276\207\317:"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018145792, SEEK_SET) = 43018145792 write(4, "]\206\231\342Y\204-2I\362\242\344\6R\205\361\324\177\265\317C\334V\324\260\334\275t=\10F."..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860615168, SEEK_SET) = 1419860615168 read(4, "\262\305\314Y\367\37x\326\245\226\226\320N\333$s\34\204\311\222\7\315\236\336\300TK\337\264\236\211n"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018149888, SEEK_SET) = 43018149888 write(4, "\271\224m\311\224\25!I\376\16;\377\0\223H\25Yd\201Y\342\r\203\271\24eG<\202{\373V"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860619264, SEEK_SET) = 1419860619264 read(4, ";d\360\177\n\346\253\210\222|\250\352T\335M\33\260\320\261\7g\222P\344H?t\240\20\2548\310"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018153984, SEEK_SET) = 43018153984 write(4, "\360\252j\317\310\251G\227\335{\214`\341\267\31Y\202\360\v\374\307oq\3063\217Z\223\313\36D\211"..., 4096) = 4096 So this number of the lseeks before the reads, like 1419860619264 are already a lot bigger, standing for 1.29 terabytes if the numbers are bytes, so it doesn't seem to be a linear progress on a big scale, maybe there are only some areas that need work, that have big gaps in between them. (times are in CET)

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• SlimDX: Lightning problem with Direct3D9

  - by Spi1988

  I am creating a simple application to get familiar with SlimDX library. I found some code written in MDX and I'm trying to convert it to run on SlimDX. I am having some problems with the light because everything is being shown as black. The code is: public partial class DirectTest : Form { private Device device= null; private float angle = 0.0f; Light light = new Light(); public DirectTest() { InitializeComponent(); this.Size = new Size(800, 600); this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true); } /// <summary> /// We will initialize our graphics device here /// </summary> public void InitializeGraphics() { PresentParameters pres_params = new PresentParameters() { Windowed = true, SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard }; device = new Device(new Direct3D(), 0, DeviceType.Hardware, this.Handle, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, pres_params); } private void SetupCamera() { device.SetRenderState(RenderState.CullMode, Cull.None); device.SetTransform(TransformState.World, Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(angle / ((float)Math.PI * 2.0f), angle / ((float)Math.PI * 4.0f), angle / ((float)Math.PI * 6.0f)), angle / (float)Math.PI)); angle += 0.1f; device.SetTransform(TransformState.Projection, Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, this.Width / this.Height, 1.0f, 100.0f)); device.SetTransform(TransformState.View, Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(0, 0, 5.0f), new Vector3(), new Vector3(0, 1, 0))); device.SetRenderState(RenderState.Lighting, false); } protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.CornflowerBlue, 1.0f, 0); SetupCamera(); CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts = new CustomVertex.PositionColored[3]; verts[0].Position = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); verts[0].Normal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); verts[0].Color = System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); verts[1].Position = new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); verts[1].Normal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); verts[1].Color = System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); verts[2].Position = new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); verts[2].Normal = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); verts[2].Color = System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); light.Type = LightType.Point; light.Position = new Vector3(); light.Diffuse = System.Drawing.Color.White; light.Attenuation0 = 0.2f; light.Range = 10000.0f; device.SetLight(0, light); device.EnableLight(0, true); device.BeginScene(); device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.format; device.DrawUserPrimitives<CustomVertex.PositionColored>(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, verts); device.EndScene(); device.Present(); this.Invalidate(); } } } The Vertex Format that I am using is the following [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PositionNormalColored { public Vector3 Position; public int Color; public Vector3 Normal; public static readonly VertexFormat format = VertexFormat.Diffuse | VertexFormat.Position | VertexFormat.Normal; } Any suggestions on what the problem might be? Thanks in Advance

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• C++ custom exceptions: run time performance and passing exceptions from C++ to C

  - by skyeagle

  I am writing a custom C++ exception class (so I can pass exceptions occuring in C++ to another language via a C API). My initial plan of attack was to proceed as follows: //C++ myClass { public: myClass(); ~myClass(); void foo() // throws myException int foo(const int i, const bool b) // throws myException } * myClassPtr; // C API #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif myClassPtr MyClass_New(); void MyClass_Destroy(myClassPtr p); void MyClass_Foo(myClassPtr p); int MyClass_FooBar(myClassPtr p, int i, bool b); #ifdef __cplusplus }; #endif I need a way to be able to pass exceptions thrown in the C++ code to the C side. The information I want to pass to the C side is the following: (a). What (b). Where (c). Simple Stack Trace (just the sequence of error messages in order they occured, no debugging info etc) I want to modify my C API, so that the API functions take a pointer to a struct ExceptionInfo, which will contain any exception info (if an exception occured) before consuming the results of the invocation. This raises two questions: Question 1 1. Implementation of each of the C++ methods exposed in the C API needs to be enclosed in a try/catch statement. The performance implications for this seem quite serious (according to this article): "It is a mistake (with high runtime cost) to use C++ exception handling for events that occur frequently, or for events that are handled near the point of detection." At the same time, I remember reading somewhere in my C++ days, that all though exception handling is expensive, it only becmes expensive when an exception actually occurs. So, which is correct?. what to do?. Is there an alternative way that I can trap errors safely and pass the resulting error info to the C API?. Or is this a minor consideration (the article after all, is quite old, and hardware have improved a bit since then). Question 2 I wuld like to modify the exception class given in that article, so that it contains a simple stack trace, and I need some help doing that. Again, in order to make the exception class 'lightweight', I think its a good idea not to include any STL classes, like string or vector (good idea/bad idea?). Which potentially leaves me with a fixed length C string (char*) which will be stack allocated. So I can maybe just keep appending messages (delimted by a unique separator [up to maximum length of buffer])... Its been a while since I did any serious C++ coding, and I will be grateful for the help. BTW, this is what I have come up with so far (I am intentionally, not deriving from std::exception because of the performance reasons mentioned in the article, and I am instead, throwing an integral exception (based on an exception enumeration): class fast_exception { public: fast_exception(int what, char const* file=0, int line=0) : what_(what), line_(line), file_(file) {/*empty*/} int what() const { return what_; } int line() const { return line_; } char const* file() const { return file_; } private: int what_; int line_; char const[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE] file_; }

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