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  • Spanning-tree setup with incompatible switches

    - by wfaulk
    I have a set of eight HP ProCurve 2910al-48G Ethernet switches at my datacenter that are set up in a star topology with no physical loops. I want to partially mesh the switches for redundancy and manage the loops with a spanning-tree protocol. However, our connection to the datacenter is provided by two uplinks, each to a Cisco 3750. The datacenter's switches are handling the redundant connection using PVST spanning-tree, which is a Cisco-proprietary spanning-tree implementation that my HP switches do not support. It appears that my switches are not participating in the datacenter's spanning-tree domain, but are blindly passing the BPDUs between the two switchports on my side, which enables the datacenter's switches to recognize the loop and put one of the uplinks into the Blocking state. This is somewhat supposition, but I can confirm that, while my switches say that both of the uplink ports are forwarding, only one is passing any real quantity of data. (I am assuming that I cannot get the datacenter to move away from PVST. I don't know that I'd want them to make that significant of a change anyway.) The datacenter has also sent me this output from their switches (which I have expurgated of any identifiable info): 3750G-1#sh spanning-tree vlan nnn VLAN0nnn Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 10 Address 00d0.0114.xxxx Cost 4 Port 5 (GigabitEthernet1/0/5) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32mmm (priority 32768 sys-id-ext nnn) Address 0018.73d3.yyyy Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Gi1/0/5 Root FWD 4 128.5 P2p Gi1/0/6 Altn BLK 4 128.6 P2p Gi1/0/8 Altn BLK 4 128.8 P2p and: 3750G-2#sh spanning-tree vlan nnn VLAN0nnn Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 10 Address 00d0.0114.xxxx Cost 4 Port 6 (GigabitEthernet1/0/6) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32mmm (priority 32768 sys-id-ext nnn) Address 000f.f71e.zzzz Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Gi1/0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.1 P2p Gi1/0/5 Altn BLK 4 128.5 P2p Gi1/0/6 Root FWD 4 128.6 P2p Gi1/0/8 Desg FWD 4 128.8 P2p The uplinks to my switches are on Gi1/0/8 on both of their switches. The uplink ports are configured with a single tagged VLAN. I am also using a number of other tagged VLANs in my switch infrastructure. And, to be clear, I am passing the tagged VLAN I'm receiving from the datacenter to other ports on other switches in my infrastructure. My question is: how do I configure my switches so that I can use a spanning tree protocol inside my switch infrastructure without breaking the datacenter's spanning tree that I cannot participate in?

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  • Varnish default.vcl grace period

    - by Vladimir
    These are my settings for a grace period (/etc/varnish/default.vcl) sub vcl_recv { .... set req.grace = 360000s; ... } sub vcl_fetch { ... set beresp.grace = 360000s; ... } I tested Varnish using localhost and nodejs as a server. I started localhost, the site was up. Then I disconnected server and the site got disconnected in less than 2 min. It says: Error 503 Service Unavailable Service Unavailable Guru Meditation: XID: 1890127100 Varnish cache server Could you tell me what could be the problem? sub vcl_fetch { if (beresp.ttl < 120s) { ##std.log("Adjusting TTL"); set beresp.ttl = 36000s; ##120s; } # Do not cache the object if the backend application does not want us to. if (beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "(no-cache|no-store|private|must-revalidate)") { return(hit_for_pass); } # Do not cache the object if the status is not in the 200s if (beresp.status >= 300) { # Remove the Set-Cookie header #remove beresp.http.Set-Cookie; return(hit_for_pass); } # # Everything below here should be cached # # Remove the Set-Cookie header ####remove beresp.http.Set-Cookie; # Set the grace time ## set beresp.grace = 1s; //change this to minutes in case of app shutdown set beresp.grace = 360000s; ## 10 hour - reduce if it has negative impact # Static assets - browser caches tpiphem for a long time. if (req.url ~ "\.(css|js|.js|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|png)\??\d*$") { /* Remove Expires from backend, it's not long enough */ unset beresp.http.expires; /* Set the clients TTL on this object */ set beresp.http.cache-control = "public, max-age=31536000"; /* marker for vcl_deliver to reset Age: */ set beresp.http.magicmarker = "1"; } else { set beresp.http.Cache-Control = "private, max-age=0, must-revalidate"; set beresp.http.Pragma = "no-cache"; } if (req.url ~ "\.(css|js|min|)\??\d*$") { set beresp.do_gzip = true; unset beresp.http.expires; set beresp.http.cache-control = "public, max-age=31536000"; set beresp.http.expires = beresp.ttl; set beresp.http.age = "0"; } ##do not duplicate these settings if (req.url ~ ".css") { set beresp.do_gzip = true; unset beresp.http.expires; set beresp.http.cache-control = "public, max-age=31536000"; set beresp.http.expires = beresp.ttl; set beresp.http.age = "0"; } if (req.url ~ ".js") { set beresp.do_gzip = true; unset beresp.http.expires; set beresp.http.cache-control = "public, max-age=31536000"; set beresp.http.expires = beresp.ttl; set beresp.http.age = "0"; } if (req.url ~ ".min") { set beresp.do_gzip = true; unset beresp.http.expires; set beresp.http.cache-control = "public, max-age=31536000"; set beresp.http.expires = beresp.ttl; set beresp.http.age = "0"; } ## If the request to the backend returns a code other than 200, restart the loop ## If the number of restarts reaches the value of the parameter max_restarts, ## the request will be error'ed. max_restarts defaults to 4. This prevents ## an eternal loop in the event that, e.g., the object does not exist at all. if (beresp.status != 200 && beresp.status != 403 && beresp.status != 404) { return(restart); } if (beresp.status == 302) { return(deliver); } # Never cache posts if (req.url ~ "\/post\/" || req.url ~ "\/submit\/" || req.url ~ "\/ask\/" || req.url ~ "\/add\/") { return(hit_for_pass); } ##check this setting to ensure that it does not cause issues for browsers with no gzip if (beresp.http.content-type ~ "text") { set beresp.do_gzip = true; } if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) { return(deliver); } ##if (req.url == "/index.html") { set beresp.do_esi = true; ##} ## check if this is needed or should be used # return(deliver); the object return(deliver); } sub vcl_recv { ##avoid leeching of images call hot_link; set req.grace = 360000s; ##2m ## if one backend is down - use another if (req.restarts == 0) { set req.backend = cache_director; ##we can specify individual VMs } else if (req.restarts == 1) { set req.backend = cache_director; } ## post calls should not be cached - add cookie for these requests if using micro-caching # Pass requests that are not GET or HEAD if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { return(pass); ## return(pass) goes to backend - not cache } # Don't cache the result of a redirect if (req.http.Referer ~ "redir" || req.http.Origin ~ "jumpto") { return(pass); } # Don't cache the result of a redirect (asking for logon) if (req.http.Referer ~ "post" || req.http.Referer ~ "submit" || req.http.Referer ~ "add" || req.http.Referer ~ "ask") { return(pass); } # Never cache posts - ensure that we do not use these strings in our URLs' that need to be cached if (req.url ~ "\/post\/" || req.url ~ "\/submit\/" || req.url ~ "\/ask\/" || req.url ~ "\/add\/") { return(pass); } ## if (req.http.Authorization || req.http.Cookie) { if (req.http.Authorization) { /* Not cacheable by default */ return (pass); } # Handle compression correctly. Different browsers send different # "Accept-Encoding" headers, even though they mostly all support the same # compression mechanisms. By consolidating these compression headers into # a consistent format, we can reduce the size of the cache and get more hits. # @see: http:// varnish.projects.linpro.no/wiki/FAQ/Compression if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg|ico)$") { # No point in compressing these remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { # If the browser supports it, we'll use gzip. set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { # Next, try deflate if it is supported. set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { # Unknown algorithm. Remove it and send unencoded. unset req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } # lookup graphics, css, js & ico files in the cache if (req.url ~ "\.(png|gif|jpg|jpeg|css|.js|ico)$") { return(lookup); } ##added on 0918 - check if it causes issues with user specific content if (req.request == "GET" && req.http.cookie) { return(lookup); } # Pipe requests that are non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { ##closing connection and calling pipe return(pipe); } ##purge content via localhost only if (req.request == "PURGE") { if (!client.ip ~ purge) { error 405 "Not allowed."; } return(lookup); } ## do we need this? ## return(lookup); }

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  • Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

    - by Patrick LeBoutillier
    Hi, I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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  • What is the Dell E772c CRT Screen kWh consumption

    - by r0ca
    I have a Dell CRT Screen and the only info I have is this: AC input voltage / frequency / current : 90 to 264 VAC / 50 or 60 Hz + 3 Hz / 1.5 A max. (RMS) at 120 VAC and 0.8 A max.(RMS) at 220 VAC How can I calcultate the energy consumption in Watt for an hour or better, a day. Regards, David.

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  • Configure Apache with a htaccess file to strip out unneeded respond-headers.

    - by Koning Baard XIV
    For ultimate speed, I want my Apache server strip unneeded headers from the response. Currently, the headers looks like this (excluding the status header): Connection:Keep-Alive Content-Length:200 Content-Type:text/html Date:Sat, 15 May 2010 16:28:37 GMT Keep-Alive:timeout=5, max=100 Server:Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8l DAV/2 PHP/5.3.1 Phusion_Passenger/2.2.7 X-Powered-By:PHP/5.3.1 Which I want to be like: Connection:Keep-Alive Content-Type:text/html Keep-Alive:timeout=5, max=100 How can I configure this in a .htaccess file? Thanks

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  • Is integrated graphics card Radeon HD 4200 capable to handle full HD?

    - by develroot
    I enjoy my integrated graphics card Radeon HD 4200 at resolution of 1280x1024 pixels on a 19" inches LG Flatron (5:4 aspect ratio) (playing FIFA 10 at max resolution, max quality). But recently i decided to upgrade my monitor and to get an 24" inches BENQ, 1920x1080, fullHD. Would I experience any problems with that graphics card on a such a big monitor? Usually I don't play games, just movies/music/and of programming, but it would be nice to be able to play some Counter Strike without artifacts.

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  • asterisk queues priority and penalty

    - by MealstroM
    queues.conf shared_lascall=yes strategy=rrmemory wrapuptime=15 A1,A2,A3 are members of 2 queues: queue1(Q1) and queue2(Q2) A3 has penalty 3 in Q1 where min/max penalty are 0/3 and A3 has penalty 0 at Q2 where min/max penalty are 0/3. A3 has just ended a call and is on wrapuptime pause. User1 (U1) enters Q1 with priority 10, and user2 (U2) enters Q2 with priority 15. A3 wrapuptime ends. What user U1 or U2 will be served first?

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  • vim: remove previous code indentation and convert to another

    - by ramgorur
    I have a c project with multiple files (more than 100), the codes are written in Whitesmiths style, but I want to change them into K&R style indentation. Is it possible to do using vim in an automated way ? For example I have a emacs-lisp script to achieve this -- (progn (find-file "{}") (mark-whole-buffer) (setq indent-tabs-mode nil) (untabify (point-min) (point-max)) (indent-region (point-min) (point-max) nil) (save-buffer)) I was wondering if there is a similar trick that could be done with vim.

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  • How to write a ~/.firefoxrc?

    - by kev
    I want firefox sources ~/.firefoxrc automatically when I open a webpage. ~/.firefoxrc contains several javascript functions: Array.prototype.sum = function(){ for(var i=0,sum=0;i<this.length;sum+=this[i++]); return sum; } Array.prototype.max = function(){ return Math.max.apply({},this) } Array.prototype.min = function(){ return Math.min.apply({},this) } So I can use these functions in firebug console.

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  • What is /usr/bin/[ ?

    - by Josh
    I was just poking around in /usr/bin and I found an ELF binary file called [. /usr/bin/[. I have never heard of this file and my first thought was that it was a clever way of hiding a program, possibly a trojan. However it's present on all my CentOS servers and seems to have no manual entry. I can hazard a guess as to what it is but I was looking for a more authoritative answer...

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  • is of a type that is invalid for use as a key column in an index.

    - by acidzombie24
    I have an error at Column 'key' in table 'misc_info' is of a type that is invalid for use as a key column in an index. where key is a nvarchar(max). A quick google found this. It however doesnt explain what a solution is. How do i create something like Dictionary where the key and value are both strings and obviously the key must be unique and is single. My sql statement was create table [misc_info] ( [id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY NOT NULL, [key] nvarchar(max) UNIQUE NOT NULL, [value] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL);

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  • notepad sql Unicode and Non Unicode

    - by RBrattas
    Hi, I have a Microsoft Notepad flate file with data and Vertical Bar as column delimiter. I get following message: cannot convert between unicode and non-unicode string data types It seems it is my nvarchar(max) that creates my problem. I changed to varchar(max); but still the same problem. How do I insert my flate file into my SQL Server 2005? And in the SQL Server 2005 import and export wizard the flate file source advanced tab the OutputColumnWith is 50. Will that say my flate file column is max 50? I hope not because my column is more then 50... Thank you, Rune

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  • notepad sql Unicode and Non Unicode

    - by RBrattas
    Hi, I have a Microsoft Notepad flate file with data and Vertical Bar as column delimiter. I get following message: cannot convert between unicode and non-unicode string data types It seems it is my nvarchar(max) that creates my problem. I changed to varchar(max); but still the same problem. And in the SQL Server 2005 import and export wizard the flate file source advanced tab the OutputColumnWith is 50. Will that say my flate file column is max 50? I hope not because my column is more then 50... Thank you, Rune

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  • Complete if statement with strings and array of strings

    - by RandomBen
    I have a page that has 3 variables. They look like this: String[] Headers = new String[] { "Max Width", "Max Length", "Max Height" }; String currentHeader = (String)HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["ItemHas"] ?? ""; String checkString = (String)HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["ItemIn"] ?? ""; The checkString is a list of Headers delimited by a "|". What is the easiest way to check if my currentHeader is in my Headers array and in my checkString String? I can do it but not in less than 20 lines of code. That seems like a less than optimal solution.

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  • Way to Remove Invite Limit on FBML Multi-Friend Selector

    - by David
    Hi there, I tried to look through various resources before posting here, but was having a surprisingly difficult time finding an answer to my question. Sorry in advance if I overlooked it. I'm currently trying to add the FBML Multi-Friend Selector to my Facebook page. It has a limit on the number of friends you can invite at a time ("Add up to 20 of your friends by clicking on their pictures below"). From what I've looked through it sounds like 20 is the max number of friends a user can invite, but then looking at Mint's page, they have a 22 max invite (http://www.facebook.com/mint?ref=ts) I thought it might be based on number of page fans, as Mint has 56,000, but that doesn't seem to be the case as this page only has 256 fans and have a max of 26 friend invites (http://www.facebook.com/tivix?v=app_106437999388442). Therefore, I don't really understand how this system works. Is there a way for me to increase to 26? Unlimited? Thanks for your help!

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  • What is better: set up underestimated or overestimated deadlines?

    - by sergdev
    Suppose you are a project manager. You can estimate an effort in days for specific task for specific developer. After performing estimation you obtain some min and max values. After this you delegate a task to developer. Actually you also set up deadline. Which estimation is better to use when set up deadline: min or max? As I see min estimation can result in stress for developer, max estimation can result in using all the time which is allocated to developer even if task can be complete faster (so called Student syndrome). Which other pros and cons of two approaches? Small clarification: I speak about setting up deadlines for subordinates when delegating the task, NOT for reporting to my boss.

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  • Why does a newly created EF-entity throw an ID is null exception when trying to save?

    - by Richard
    I´m trying out entity framework included in VS2010 but ´ve hit a problem with my database/model generated from the graphical interface. When I do: user = dataset.UserSet.CreateObject(); user.Id = Guid.NewGuid(); dataset.UserSet.AddObject(user); dataset.SaveChanges(); {"Cannot insert the value NULL into column 'Id', table 'BarSoc2.dbo.UserSet'; column does not allow nulls. INSERT fails.\r\nThe statement has been terminated."} The table i´m inserting into looks like so: -- Creating table 'UserSet' CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UserSet] ( [Id] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL, [Name] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL, [Username] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL, [Password] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL ); GO -- Creating primary key on [Id] in table 'UserSet' ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserSet] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_UserSet] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC); GO Am I creating the object in the wrong way or doing something else basic wrong?

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  • database datatype size

    - by yeeen
    Just to clarify by specifying sth like VARCHAR(45) means it can take up to max 45 characters? I rmb I heard from someone a few years ago that the number in the parathesis doesn't refer to the no of characters, then the person tried to explain to me sth quite complicated which i don't understand n forgot alr. And what is the difference btn CHAR and VARCHAR? I did search ard a bit and see that CHAR gives u the max of the size of the column and it is better to use it if ur data has a fix size and use VARCHAR if ur data size varies. But if it gives u the max of the size of the column of all the data of this col, isn't it better to use it when ur data size varies? Esp if u don't know how big is ur data size gg to be. VARCHAR needs to specify the size (CHAR don't really need right?), isn't it more troublesome?

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  • How to user Hibernate @Valid constraint with Spring 3.x?

    - by Burak Dede
    I am working on simple form to validate fields like this one. public class Contact { @NotNull @Max(64) @Size(max=64) private String name; @NotNull @Email @Size(min=4) private String mail; @NotNull @Size(max=300) private String text; } I provide getter and setters hibernate dependencies on my classpath also.But i still do not get the how to validate simple form there is actually not so much documentation for spring hibernate combination. @RequestMapping(value = "/contact", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid Contact contact, BindingResult result) { .... } Could you explain it or give some tutorial , except original spring 3.x documentation

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  • SQL to retrieve the latest records, grouping by unique foreign keys

    - by jbox
    I'm creating query to retrieve the latest posts in a forum using a SQL DB. I've got a table called "Post". Each post has a foreign key relation to a "Thread" and a "User" as well as a creation date. The trick is I don't want to show two posts by the same user or two posts in the same thread. Is it possible to create a query that contains all this logic? # Grab the last 10 posts. SELECT id, user_id, thread_id FROM posts ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 10; # Grab the last 10 posts, max one post per user SELECT id, user_id, thread_id FROM post GROUP BY user_id ORDER BY date DESC LIMIT 10; # Grab the last 10 posts, max one post per user, max one post per thread???

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