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• How do languages handle side effects of compound operators?

  - by Kos

  Hello, Assume such situation: int a = (--t)*(t-2); int b = (t/=a)+t; In C and C++ this is undefined behaviour, as described here: Undefined Behavior and Sequence Points However, how does this situation look in: JavaScript, Java, PHP... C# well, any other language which has compound operators? I'm bugfixing a Javascript - C++ port right now in which this got unnoticed in many places. I'd like to know how other languages generally handle this... Leaving the order undefined is somehow specific to C and C++, isn't it?

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• What languages allow cross-platform native executables to be created?

  - by JT

  I'm frustrated to discover that Java lacks an acceptable solution for creating programs that will run via double-click. Other than .NET for Windows, what modern and high-level programming languages can I write code in that can be compiled for various platforms and run as a native/binary in each (Windows, Linux, OSX (optional)) Assuming I wanted to write code in python, for instance, is there a cohesive way that I could distribute my software which wouldn't require users to do anything special to get it to run? I want to write and distribute software for computer-illiterate and Java has turned out to be a real pain in this respect.

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• Is there any Application Server Frameworks for other languages/platforms than JavaEE and .NET?

  - by Jonas

  I'm a CS student and has rare experience from the enterprise software industry. When I'm reading about enterprise software platforms, I mostly read about these two: Java Enterprise Edition, JavaEE .NET and Windows Communication Foundation By "enterprise software platforms" I mean frameworks and application servers with support for the same characteristics as J2EE and WCF has: [JavaEE] provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server. WCF is designed in accordance with service oriented architecture principles to support distributed computing where services are consumed by consumers. Clients can consume multiple services and services can be consumed by multiple clients. Services are loosely coupled to each other. Is there any alternatives to these two "enterprise software platforms"? Isn't any other programming languages used in a bigger rate for this problem area? I.e Why isn't there any popular application servers for C++/Qt?

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• Jack of all trades, master of none [closed]

  - by Rope

  I've got a question similar to this one: Is looking for code examples constantly a sign of a bad developer? though not entirely. I got off college 2 years ago and I'm currently struggling with a University study. Most likely I'll have to drop out and start working within the next couple of months. Now here's the pickle. I have no speciality what so ever. When I got out of college I had worked with C, C++ and Java. I had had an internship at NEC-Philips and got familiar with C# (.NET) and I taught myself how it worked. After college I started working with PHP, HTML,SQL, MySQL Javascript and Jquery. I'm currently teaching myself Ruby on Rails and thus Ruby. At my university I also got familiar with MATLAB. As you can see I've got a broad scope of languages and frameworks I'm familiar with, but none I know inside-out. So I guess this kinda applies to me: "Jack of all trades, master of none.". I've been looking for jobs and I've noticed that most of them require some years of experience with a certain language and some specifications that apply to that language. My question is: How do I pick a speciality? And how do I know if I'll actually enjoy it? As I've worked with loads of languages how would I be able to tell this is right for me? I don't like being tied down to a specific role and I quite like being a generalist. But in order to make more money I would need a specialisation. How would I pick something that goes against my nature? Thanks in advance, Rope.

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• Java devs: why not use Groovy?

  - by FarmBoy

  OK, so there are quite a few people using Java these days. But as the language nears two decades of age, it isn't exactly the coolest option out there. Many of us are excited about dynamic languages with some functional features like Ruby or Python, even though we spend our days using Java. So why is it that the adoption of Groovy has been so slow? It seems that Groovy offers much of the benefits of Ruby and Python, but it is far easier to transition a Java shop to Groovy. Even if performance were the concern, it seems that many would want to use Groovy for testing the production Java code. Or use Groovy/Grails for internal apps in which performance concerns are minimal. Or for writing one-off scripts to generate code. Yet Groovy languishes outside of Tiobe's top 50 languages, for reasons that are unclear to me. I have been using Groovy and Grails professionally for about four months, and it has been an excellent experience, such that I hate to think about going back to the Java/Spring/Hibernate model. Does anyone have any sense on why we are not seeing more significant migration from Java to Groovy? Note that I'm not asking why Java developers are still using Java for new projects. My question is: Why is it that most Java Developers are still not using Groovy at all. Edit: I am assuming that all good developers see the utility of dynamic typing and higher order functions for some programming tasks. (Even if it is deemed inappropriate for production code.)

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• What are the pros and cons about developing under MAC OS? [closed]

  - by user827992

  Sometimes i get the chance to program under MAC OS, i knew about this OS since Apple shipped its computers with a PowerPC by Motorola ( since Panther, more or less ), these days they are all X86 and i see no particular advantages about adopting this platform, also i see only downsides for the main part, i do not want to cause flames, please reply if you have a good answer or you can contribute in some constructive way. I'm trying to write a list of the natively supported languages, or the languages that comes only under MAC OS with some particular technology, my list is this: Objective C with Cocoa/Carbon I'm not considering personal preferences here, if a person X likes to code under Xcode it's probably ok to have a MAC, if a person Y likes to code under Visual Studio it's probably ok to not having a MAC, my purpose is to clarify what MAC OS is good for. I also do not get why people glorify the MAC for historical reasons, I mean a language like Java just comes for MAC only in the 7th edition of its JDK, things like GCC are just a porting and many technologies are out of the question like C# ( I'm sorry, i do not consider MonoDevelop like a serious alternative ) , .Net, ASP, DirectX, and many others are just, again, porting or free software, like PHP, MySQL, Javascript, XML, CSS, OpenGL, etc etc. My question is: what is so special about being a programmer under MAC OS? There is something that I have not seen? I also noticed that a significant portion of MAC users end up using their MAC like a normal Windows PC with Parallels or something like that. I can afford to buy a MAC, show me why this machine is so unique.

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• Which language is more suitable heavy file tasks?

  - by All

  I need to write a script (based on basic functions) to process /image/audio/video files. The process is mainly filesystem tasks and converts. The database of files has been stored by mysql. The script is simple but cause heavy tasks on the system; for example renaming/converting/copying thousands of file in a run. The script does not read the content of files into memory, it just manage the commands for sub-processes. The main weight is on the communication with filesystem. The script will be used regularly for new files. My concern is about performance. I am thinking of Shell script a complied language like C Please advise which programming language is more suitable for this purpose and why? UPDATE: An example is to scan a folder for images, convert them with ImageMagick, move files to destination folder, get file info, then update the database. As you can see, the process has no room for optimization, and most of languages have similar APIs for popular programs like ImageMagick, MySQL, etc. Thus, it can be written in any language. I just wish to reduce resource usage by speeding up the long loop. NOTE: I know that questions about comparing languages are not favorable, but I really had problem to choose, because the problems can appear in action.

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• Language Niches and Niche Libraries

  - by Roman A. Taycher

  "Everyone Knows" ... ... that c is widely used for low level programs in large part because operating system/device apis are usually in c. ... that Java is widely used for enterprise applications in large part because of enterprise libraries and ide support. ... that ruby is widely used for webapps thanks in large part because of rails and its library ecosytem But lets go into to details what are the specific niches and subniches. Especially with respect to libraries. Where might you embed lua for application scripting versus python. Where would you use Java vs C#. Which languages do different scientists use? Also which languages have libraries for these subniches? Things like bioperl/scipy/Incanter. Please no flamewars about how nice each language or environment is. This is where they used. Also no complaints about marketing/PHBs. (Manually migrated) I asked this question again after it was closed on stackoverflow.com

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• Why does there seem to be a lot of fear in choosing the "wrong" language to learn?

  - by Shewbox

  Perhaps its just me, but as a current CS student I have already come across many questions on this site and elsewhere about not just "Which language should I use for x?" but also "Does anyone still use language Y?" My first CS class was taught in Scheme, which, if I'm not mistaken, isn't used widely (at least in comparison to languages like Java, PHP, Python, etc). Many of my classmates balked at the idea of having to learn a language they would never have to use again, but I don't quite understand where so much of this fear of learning less popular languages comes from. No, I may not use Scheme in any job I get, but I certainly don't regret having learned to use it (albeit in a very beginner, not very in-depth manner in that one semester). I am taking a search engines class this semester, which is done in Perl and again I am seeing classmates complaining about the language choice. I can understand having a favorite language and disliking others but why do some get worked up over learning it in the first place? Can you really learn the "wrong" language? Isn't learning something like Scheme or Haskell good mental exercise if nothing else, and useful at least to exposure to different ways of solving problems?

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• Should sanity be a property of a programmer or a program?

  - by toplel32

  I design and implement languages, that can range from object notations to markup languages. In many cases I have considered restrictions in favor of sanity (common knowledge), like in the case of control characters in identifiers. There are two consequences to consider before doing this: It takes extra computation It narrows liberty I'm interested to learn how developers think of decisions like this. As you may know Microsoft C# is very open on the contrary. If you really want to prefix your integer as Long with 'l' instead of 'L' and so risk other developers of confusing '1' and 'l', no problem. If you want to name your variables in non-latin script so they will contrast with C#'s latin keywords, no problem. Or if you want to distribute a string over multiple lines and so break a series of indentation, no problem. It is cheap to ensure consistency with restrictions and this makes it tempting to implement. But in the case of disallowing non-latin characters (concerning the second example), it means a discredit to Unicode, because one would not take full advantage of its capacity.

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• How to escape % in roxygen literate programming?

  - by Karsten W.

  The default value of a parameter of my function contains a "%". This seems to be a problem for roxygen, it produces a lot of warnings and R CMD check fails when trying to build latex documentation. How can I make this function (and its documentation) work? Using %% or \% instead of % does not help. #' Test escape \% from in-source documentation (roxygen). #' #' What happens when parameters contain special latex characters? #' #' @param x unsuspicious parameter #' @param format sprintf format string (default "\%5.0f") #' #' @return formatted string #' @export #' @author Karsten Weinert testroxy <- function(x, format = "%5.0f") { sprintf(format,x) }

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• Please give the solution of the following programs in R Programming

  - by NEETHU

  Table below gives data concerning the performance of 28 national football league teams in 1976.It is suspected that the no. of yards gained rushing by opponents(x8) has an effect on the no. of games won by a team(y) (a)Fit a simple linear regression model relating games won by y to yards gained rushing by opponents x8. (b)Construct the analysis of variance table and test for significance of regression. (c)Find a 95% CI on the slope. (d)What percent of the total variability in y is explained by this model. (e)Find a 95% CI on the mean number of games won in opponents yards rushing is limited to 2000 yards. Team y x8 1 10 2205 2 11 2096 3 11 1847 4 13 1803 5 10 1457 6 11 1848 7 10 1564 8 11 1821 9 4 2577 10 2 2476 11 7 1984 12 10 1917 13 9 1761 14 9 1709 15 6 1901 16 5 2288 17 5 2072 18 5 2861 19 6 2411 20 4 2289 21 3 2203 22 3 2592 23 4 2053 24 10 1979 25 6 2048 26 8 1786 27 2 2876 28 0 2560 Suppose we would like to use the model developed in problem 1 to predict the no. of games a team will win if it can limit opponents yards rushing to 1800 yards. Find a point estimate of the no. of games won when x8=1800.Find a 905 prediction interval on the no. of games won. The purity of Oxygen produced by a fractionation process is thought to be percentage of Hydrocarbon in the main condenser of the processing unit .20 samples are shown below. Purity(%) Hydrocarbon(%) 86.91 1.02 89.85 1.11 90.28 1.43 86.34 1.11 92.58 1.01 87.33 0.95 86.29 1.11 91.86 0.87 95.61 1.43 89.86 1.02 96.73 1.46 99.42 1.55 98.66 1.55 96.07 1.55 93.65 1.4 87.31 1.15 95 1.01 96.85 0.99 85.2 0.95 90.56 0.98 (a)Fit a simple linear regression model to the data. (b)Test the hypothesis H0:ß=0 (c)Calculate R2 . (d)Find a 95% CI on the slope. (e)Find a 95% CI on the mean purity and the Hydrocarbon % is 1. Consider the Oxygen plant data in Problem3 and assume that purity and Hydrocarbon percentage are jointly normally distributed r.vs (a)What is the correlation between Oxygen purity and Hydrocarbon% (b)Test the hypothesis that ?=0. (c)Construct a 95% CI for ?.

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• c# Network Programming - HTTPWebRequest Scraping

  - by masterguru

  Hi, I am building a web scraping application. It should scrape a complex web site with concurrent HttpWebRequests from a single host to a single target web server. The application should run on Windows server 2008. One single HttpWebRequest for data could take from 1 minute to 4 minutes to complete (because of long running db operations) I should have at least 100 parallel requests to the target web server, but i have noticed that when i use more then 2-3 long-running requests i have big performance issues (request timeouts/hanging). How many concurrent requests can i have in this scenario from a single host to a single target web server? can i use Thread Pools in the application to run parallel HttpWebRequests to the server? will i have any issues with the default outbound HTTP connection/requests limits? what about Request timeouts when i reach outbound connection limits? what would be the best setup for my scenario? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks

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• C#.NET Socket Programming: Connecting to remote computers.

  - by Gio Borje

  I have a typical server in my end and a friend using a client to connect to my IP/Port and he consistently receives the exception: "A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond {MY_IP}:{MY_PORT}"—You don't need to know my IP. The client and server, however, work fine on the loopback address (127.0.0.1). I also do not have any firewall nor is windows firewall active. Server: static void Main(string[] args) { Console.Title = "Socket Server"; Console.WriteLine("Listening for messages..."); Socket serverSock = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); IPAddress serverIP = IPAddress.Any; IPEndPoint serverEP = new IPEndPoint(serverIP, 33367); SocketPermission perm = new SocketPermission(NetworkAccess.Accept, TransportType.Tcp, "98.112.235.18", 33367); serverSock.Bind(serverEP); serverSock.Listen(10); while (true) { Socket connection = serverSock.Accept(); Byte[] serverBuffer = new Byte[8]; String message = String.Empty; while (connection.Available > 0) { int bytes = connection.Receive( serverBuffer, serverBuffer.Length, 0); message += Encoding.UTF8.GetString( serverBuffer, 0, bytes); } Console.WriteLine(message); connection.Close(); } } Client: static void Main(string[] args) { // Design the client a bit Console.Title = "Socket Client"; Console.Write("Enter the IP of the server: "); IPAddress clientIP = IPAddress.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); String message = String.Empty; while (true) { Console.Write("Enter the message to send: "); // The messsage to send message = Console.ReadLine(); IPEndPoint clientEP = new IPEndPoint(clientIP, 33367); // Setup the socket Socket clientSock = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); // Attempt to establish a connection to the server Console.Write("Establishing connection to the server... "); try { clientSock.Connect(clientEP); // Send the message clientSock.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message)); clientSock.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); clientSock.Close(); Console.Write("Message sent successfully.\n\n"); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } } }

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• Are there some general Network programming best practices?

  - by uriDium

  I am implementing some networking stuff in our project. It has been decided that the communication is very important and we want to do it synchronously. So the client sends something the server acknowledges. Are there some general best practices for the interaction between the client and the server. For instance if there isn't an answer from the server should the client automatically retry? Should there be a timeout period before it retries? What happens if the acknowledgement fails? At what point do we break the connection and reconnect? Is there some material? I have done searches but nothing is really coming up. I am looking for best practices in general. I am implementing this in c# (probably with sockets) so if there is anything .Net specific then please let me know too.

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• Ruby Programming Techniques: simple yet not so simple object manipulation

  - by Shyam

  Hi, I want to create an object, let's say a Pie. class Pie def initialize(name, flavor) @name = name @flavor = flavor end end But a Pie can be divided in 8 pieces, a half or just a whole Pie. For the sake of argument, I would like to know how I could give each Pie object a price per 1/8, 1/4 or per whole. I could do this by doing: class Pie def initialize(name, flavor, price_all, price_half, price_piece) @name = name @flavor = flavor @price_all = price_all @price_half = price_half @price_piece = price_piece end end But now, if I would create fifteen Pie objects, and I would take out randomly some pieces somewhere by using a method such as getPieceOfPie(pie_name) How would I be able to generate the value of all the available pies that are whole and the remaining pieces? Eventually using a method such as: myCurrentInventoryHas(pie_name) # output: 2 whole strawberry pies and 7 pieces. I know, I am a Ruby nuby. Thank you for your answers, comments and help!

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• Need help with dynamic programming problem

  - by John Retallack

  I have the following problem : I am given a tree with N apples, for each apple I am given it's weight and height,I can pick apples up to a given height H,each time I pick an apple the height of every apple is increased with U(also given).I have to find out the maximum weight of apples I can pick. e.g: N=4 H=100 U=10 (height-eight) apple1: 91 10 apple2: 82 30 apple3: 93 5 apple4: 94 15 The answer is 45 : I first pick the apple with the weight of 15 then the one with the weight of 30. I would like to know if someone here could help me with giving me an hint on how I should approach this problem. Thank you.

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• Archery game programming algorithm

  - by Ricky

  I need the algorithm to animate the arrow based on 2 parameters, angle while shooting and power while drawing the bow. Ive tried to use y=asinx but it works only when shooting in up direction. Doesnt work well while shooting with straight or down direction. Thanks.

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• DRY programming dilemma

  - by fayer

  the situation is like this: im creating a Logger class that can write to a file but the write_to_file() function is in a helper class as a static function. i could call that function but then the Log class would be dependent to the helper class. isn't dependency bad? but if i can let it use a helper function then what is the point of having helper functions? what should one prioritize here: using helper functions and have to include this helper class everywhere (but the other 99 methods wont be useful) or just copy and paste into the Log class (but then if i have done this 100 times and then make a change i have to change in 100 places). share your thoughts and experience!

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• Initial Genetic Programming Parameters

  - by cmptrer

  I did a little GP (note:very little) work in college and have been playing around with it recently. My question is in regards to the intial run settings (population size, number of generations, min/max depth of trees, min/max depth of initial trees, percentages to use for different reproduction operations, etc.). What is the normal practice for setting these parameters? What papers/sites do people use as a good guide?

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• Genetic Programming Online Learning

  - by Lirik

  Has anybody seen a GP implemented with online learning rather than the standard offline learning? I've done some stuff with genetic programs and I simply can't figure out what would be a good way to make the learning process online. Please let me know if you have any ideas, seen any implementations, or have any references that I can look at.

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• C Programming - My program is good enough for my assignment but I know its not good

  - by Joe

  Hi there I'm just starting an assignment for uni and it's raised a question for me. I don't understand how to return a string from a function without having a memory leak. char* trim(char* line) { int start = 0; int end = strlen(line) - 1; /* find the start position of the string */ while(isspace(line[start]) != 0) { start++; } //printf("start is %d\n", start); /* find the position end of the string */ while(isspace(line[end]) != 0) { end--; } //printf("end is %d\n", end); /* calculate string length and add 1 for the sentinel */ int len = end - start + 2; /* initialise char array to len and read in characters */ int i; char* trimmed = calloc(sizeof(char), len); for(i = 0; i < (len - 1); i++) { trimmed[i] = line[start + i]; } trimmed[len - 1] = '\0'; return trimmed; } as you can see I am returning a pointer to char which is an array. I found that if I tried to make the 'trimmed' array by something like: char trimmed[len]; then the compiler would throw up a message saying that a constant was expected on this line. I assume this meant that for some reason you can't use variables as the array length when initialising an array, although something tells me that can't be right. So instead I made my array by allocating some memory to a char pointer. I understand that this function is probably waaaaay sub-optimal for what it is trying to do, but what I really want to know is: 1. Can you normally initialise an array using a variable to declare the length like: char trimmed[len]; ? 2. If I had an array that was of that type (char trimmed[]) would it have the same return type as a pointer to char (ie char*). 3. If I make my array by callocing some memory and allocating it to a char pointer, how do I free this memory. It seems to me that once I have returned this array, I can't access it to free it as it is a local variable. Many thanks in advance Joe

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• Practical Scheme Programming

  - by Ixmatus

  It's been a few months since I've touched Scheme and decided to implement a command line income partitioner using Scheme. My initial implementation used plain recursion over the continuation, but I figured a continuation would be more appropriate to this type of program. I would appreciate it if anyone (more skilled with Scheme than I) could take a look at this and suggest improvements. I'm that the multiple (display... lines is an ideal opportunity to use a macro as well (I just haven't gotten to macros yet). (define (ab-income) (call/cc (lambda (cc) (let ((out (display "Income: ")) (income (string->number (read-line)))) (cond ((<= income 600) (display (format "Please enter an amount greater than $600.00~n~n")) (cc (ab-income))) (else (let ((bills (* (/ 30 100) income)) (taxes (* (/ 20 100) income)) (savings (* (/ 10 100) income)) (checking (* (/ 40 100) income))) (display (format "~nDeduct for bills:---------------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string bills 2))) (display (format "Deduct for taxes:---------------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string taxes 2))) (display (format "Deduct for savings:-------------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string savings 2))) (display (format "Remainder for checking:---------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string checking 2)))))))))) Invoking (ab-income) asks for input and if anything below 600 is provided it (from my understanding) returns (ab-income) at the current-continuation. My first implementation (as I said earlier) used plain-jane recursion. It wasn't bad at all either but I figured every return call to (ab-income) if the value was below 600 kept expanding the function. (please correct me if that apprehension is incorrect!)

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• What Genetic Algorithm/Programming library do you use?

  - by bias

  What GA/GP lib do you use and why?

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• Need GDI programming Guideline

  - by Arman

  I want to change my window design rapidly. I have OnPaint function which I am calling when WM_PAINT message received. The design change only when the event occure. I want that design should automatically update doesn't depend on event kindly guide me how can I make it possible.

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