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• EM12c: Using the LIST verb in emcli

  - by SubinDaniVarughese

  Many of us who use EM CLI to write scripts and automate our daily tasks should not miss out on the new list verb released with Oracle Enterprise Manager 12.1.0.3.0. The combination of list and Jython based scripting support in EM CLI makes it easier to achieve automation for complex tasks with just a few lines of code. Before I jump into a script, let me highlight the key attributes of the list verb and why it’s simply excellent! 1. Multiple resources under a single verb:A resource can be set of users or targets, etc. Using the list verb, you can retrieve information about a resource from the repository database.Here is an example which retrieves the list of administrators within EM.Standard mode$ emcli list -resource="Administrators" Interactive modeemcli>list(resource="Administrators")The output will be the same as standard mode.Standard mode$ emcli @myAdmin.pyEnter password :  ******The output will be the same as standard mode.Contents of myAdmin.py scriptlogin()print list(resource="Administrators",jsonout=False).out()To get a list of all available resources use$ emcli list -helpWith every release of EM, more resources are being added to the list verb. If you have a resource which you feel would be valuable then go ahead and contact Oracle Support to log an enhancement request with product development. Be sure to say how the resource is going to help improve your daily tasks. 2. Consistent Formatting:It is possible to format the output of any resource consistently using these options:  –column  This option is used to specify which columns should be shown in the output. Here is an example which shows the list of administrators and their account status$ emcli list -resource="Administrators" -columns="USER_NAME,REPOS_ACCOUNT_STATUS" To get a list of columns in a resource use:$ emcli list -resource="Administrators" -help You can also specify the width of the each column. For example, here the column width of user_type is set to 20 and department to 30. $ emcli list -resource=Administrators -columns="USER_NAME,USER_TYPE:20,COST_CENTER,CONTACT,DEPARTMENT:30"This is useful if your terminal is too small or you need to fine tune a list of specific columns for your quick use or improved readability.  –colsize  This option is used to resize column widths.Here is the same example as above, but using -colsize to define the width of user_type to 20 and department to 30.$ emcli list -resource=Administrators -columns="USER_NAME,USER_TYPE,COST_CENTER,CONTACT,DEPARTMENT" -colsize="USER_TYPE:20,DEPARTMENT:30" The existing standard EMCLI formatting options are also available in list verb. They are: -format="name:pretty" | -format="name:script” | -format="name:csv" | -noheader | -scriptThere are so many uses depending on your needs. Have a look at the resources and columns in each resource. Refer to the EMCLI book in EM documentation for more information.3. Search:Using the -search option in the list verb makes it is possible to search for a specific row in a specific column within a resource. This is similar to the sqlplus where clause. The following operators are supported:           =           !=           >           <           >=           <=           like           is (Must be followed by null or not null)Here is an example which searches for all EM administrators in the marketing department located in the USA.$emcli list -resource="Administrators" -search="DEPARTMENT ='Marketing'" -search="LOCATION='USA'" Here is another example which shows all the named credentials created since a specific date.  $emcli list -resource=NamedCredentials -search="CredCreatedDate > '11-Nov-2013 12:37:20 PM'"Note that the timestamp has to be in the format DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM/PM Some resources need a bind variable to be passed to get output. A bind variable is created in the resource and then referenced in the command. For example, this command will list all the default preferred credentials for target type oracle_database.Here is an example$ emcli list -resource="PreferredCredentialsDefault" -bind="TargetType='oracle_database'" -colsize="SetName:15,TargetType:15" You can provide multiple bind variables. To verify if a column is searchable or requires a bind variable, use the –help option. Here is an example:$ emcli list -resource="PreferredCredentialsDefault" -help 4. Secure accessWhen list verb collects the data, it only displays content for which the administrator currently logged into emcli, has access. For example consider this usecase:AdminA has access only to TargetA. AdminA logs into EM CLIExecuting the list verb to get the list of all targets will only show TargetA.5. User defined SQLUsing the –sql option, user defined sql can be executed. The SQL provided in the -sql option is executed as the EM user MGMT_VIEW, which has read-only access to the EM published MGMT$ database views in the SYSMAN schema. To get the list of EM published MGMT$ database views, go to the Extensibility Programmer's Reference book in EM documentation. There is a chapter about Using Management Repository Views. It’s always recommended to reference the documentation for the supported MGMT$ database views.  Consider you are using the MGMT$ABC view which is not in the chapter. During upgrade, it is possible, since the view was not in the book and not supported, it is likely the view might undergo a change in its structure or the data in it. Using a supported view ensures that your scripts using -sql will continue working after upgrade.Here’s an example  $ emcli list -sql='select * from mgmt$target' 6. JSON output support    JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) enables data to be displayed in a collection of name/value pairs. There is lot of reading material about JSON on line for more information.As an example, we had a requirement where an EM administrator had many 11.2 databases in their test environment and the developers had requested an Administrator to change the lifecycle status from Test to Production which meant the admin had to go to the EM “All targets” page and identify the set of 11.2 databases and then to go into each target database page and manually changes the property to Production. Sounds easy to say, but this Administrator had numerous targets and this task is repeated for every release cycle.We told him there is an easier way to do this with a script and he can reuse the script whenever anyone wanted to change a set of targets to a different Lifecycle status. Here is a jython script which uses list and JSON to change all 11.2 database target’s LifeCycle Property value.If you are new to scripting and Jython, I would suggest visiting the basic chapters in any Jython tutorials. Understanding Jython is important to write the logic depending on your usecase.If you are already writing scripts like perl or shell or know a programming language like java, then you can easily understand the logic.Disclaimer: The scripts in this post are subject to the Oracle Terms of Use located here.  1 from emcli import *  2  search_list = ['PROPERTY_NAME=\'DBVersion\'','TARGET_TYPE= \'oracle_database\'','PROPERTY_VALUE LIKE \'11.2%\'']  3 if len(sys.argv) == 2:  4    print login(username=sys.argv[0])  5    l_prop_val_to_set = sys.argv[1]  6      l_targets = list(resource="TargetProperties", search=search_list,   columns="TARGET_NAME,TARGET_TYPE,PROPERTY_NAME")  7    for target in l_targets.out()['data']:  8       t_pn = 'LifeCycle Status'  9      print "INFO: Setting Property name " + t_pn + " to value " +       l_prop_val_to_set + " for " + target['TARGET_NAME']  10      print  set_target_property_value(property_records=      target['TARGET_NAME']+":"+target['TARGET_TYPE']+":"+      t_pn+":"+l_prop_val_to_set)  11  else:  12   print "\n ERROR: Property value argument is missing"  13   print "\n INFO: Format to run this file is filename.py <username>   <Database Target LifeCycle Status Property Value>" You can download the script from here. I could not upload the file with .py extension so you need to rename the file to myScript.py before executing it using emcli.A line by line explanation for beginners: Line  1 Imports the emcli verbs as functions  2 search_list is a variable to pass to the search option in list verb. I am using escape character for the single quotes. In list verb to pass more than one value for the same option, you should define as above comma separated values, surrounded by square brackets.  3 This is an “if” condition to ensure the user does provide two arguments with the script, else in line #15, it prints an error message.  4 Logging into EM. You can remove this if you have setup emcli with autologin. For more details about setup and autologin, please go the EM CLI book in EM documentation.  5 l_prop_val_to_set is another variable. This is the property value to be set. Remember we are changing the value from Test to Production. The benefit of this variable is you can reuse the script to change the property value from and to any other values.  6 Here the output of the list verb is stored in l_targets. In the list verb I am passing the resource as TargetProperties, search as the search_list variable and I only need these three columns – target_name, target_type and property_name. I don’t need the other columns for my task.  7 This is a for loop. The data in l_targets is available in JSON format. Using the for loop, each pair will now be available in the ‘target’ variable.  8 t_pn is the “LifeCycle Status” variable. If required, I can have this also as an input and then use my script to change any target property. In this example, I just wanted to change the “LifeCycle Status”.  9 This a message informing the user the script is setting the property value for dbxyz.  10 This line shows the set_target_property_value verb which sets the value using the property_records option. Once it is set for a target pair, it moves to the next one. In my example, I am just showing three dbs, but the real use is when you have 20 or 50 targets. The script is executed as:$ emcli @myScript.py subin Production The recommendation is to first test the scripts before running it on a production system. We tested on a small set of targets and optimizing the script for fewer lines of code and better messaging.For your quick reference, the resources available in Enterprise Manager 12.1.0.4.0 with list verb are:$ emcli list -helpWatch this space for more blog posts using the list verb and EM CLI Scripting use cases. I hope you enjoyed reading this blog post and it has helped you gain more information about the list verb. Happy Scripting!!Disclaimer: The scripts in this post are subject to the Oracle Terms of Use located here. Stay Connected: Twitter | Facebook | YouTube | Linkedin | Newsletter mt=8">Download the Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Mobile app

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• Mysql server crashes Innodb

  - by martin

  Today we got some DB crash. The DB is InnoDB. At firstin log: 120404 10:57:40 InnoDB: ERROR: the age of the last checkpoint is 9433732, InnoDB: which exceeds the log group capacity 9433498. InnoDB: If you are using big BLOB or TEXT rows, you must set the InnoDB: combined size of log files at least 10 times bigger than the InnoDB: largest such row. 120404 10:58:48 InnoDB: ERROR: the age of the last checkpoint is 9825579, InnoDB: which exceeds the log group capacity 9433498. InnoDB: If you are using big BLOB or TEXT rows, you must set the InnoDB: combined size of log files at least 10 times bigger than the InnoDB: largest such row. 120404 10:59:04 InnoDB: ERROR: the age of the last checkpoint is 13992586, InnoDB: which exceeds the log group capacity 9433498. InnoDB: If you are using big BLOB or TEXT rows, you must set the InnoDB: combined size of log files at least 10 times bigger than the InnoDB: largest such row. 120404 10:59:20 InnoDB: ERROR: the age of the last checkpoint is 18059881, InnoDB: which exceeds the log group capacity 9433498. InnoDB: If you are using big BLOB or TEXT rows, you must set the InnoDB: combined size of log files at least 10 times bigger than the InnoDB: largest such row. after manual service stop and normal PC restart : 120404 11:12:35 InnoDB: Error: page 3473451 log sequence number 105 802365904 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 105 796344770. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. InnoDB: 1 transaction(s) which must be rolled back or cleaned up InnoDB: in total 1 row operations to undo InnoDB: Trx id counter is 0 1103869440 120404 11:12:37 InnoDB: Error: page 0 log sequence number 105 834817616 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 105 796344770. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. InnoDB: Last MySQL binlog file position 0 3710603, file name .\mysql-bin.000336 InnoDB: Starting in background the rollback of uncommitted transactions 120404 11:12:38 InnoDB: Rolling back trx with id 0 1103866646, 1 rows to undo 120404 11:12:38 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 105 796344770 120404 11:12:38 InnoDB: Error: page 2097163 log sequence number 105 803249754 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 105 796344770. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. InnoDB: Rolling back of trx id 0 1103866646 completed 120404 11:12:39 InnoDB: Rollback of non-prepared transactions completed 120404 11:12:39 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 120404 11:12:39 [Note] wampmysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.1.53-community' socket: '' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) 120404 11:12:40 InnoDB: Error: page 2097162 log sequence number 105 803215859 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 105 796345097. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 120404 11:12:40 InnoDB: Error: page 2097156 log sequence number 105 803181181 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 105 796345097. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 120404 11:12:40 InnoDB: Error: page 2097157 log sequence number 105 803193066 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 105 796345097. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. when tried to recover data get : key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=262144 max_used_connections=0 max_threads=151 threads_connected=0 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 133725 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. thd: 0x0 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... 0000000140262AFC mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402AAFA1 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402AB33A mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 0000000140268219 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014027DB13 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402A909F mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402A91B6 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014025B9B0 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014022F9C6 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 0000000140219979 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014009ABCF mysqld.exe!?ha_initialize_handlerton@@YAHPEAUst_plugin_int@@@Z() 000000014003308C mysqld.exe!?plugin_lock_by_name@@YAPEAUst_plugin_int@@PEAVTHD@@PEBUst_mysql_lex_string@@H@Z() 00000001400375A9 mysqld.exe!?plugin_init@@YAHPEAHPEAPEADH@Z() 000000014001DACE mysqld.exe!handle_shutdown() 000000014001E285 mysqld.exe!?win_main@@YAHHPEAPEAD@Z() 000000014001E632 mysqld.exe!?mysql_service@@YAHPEAX@Z() 00000001402EA477 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402EA545 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000007712652D kernel32.dll!BaseThreadInitThunk() 000000007725C521 ntdll.dll!RtlUserThreadStart() The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. 120404 14:17:49 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 120404 14:17:49 [Warning] option 'innodb-force-recovery': signed value 8 adjusted to 6 InnoDB: The user has set SRV_FORCE_NO_LOG_REDO on InnoDB: Skipping log redo InnoDB: Error: trying to access page number 4290979199 in space 0, InnoDB: space name .\ibdata1, InnoDB: which is outside the tablespace bounds. InnoDB: Byte offset 0, len 16384, i/o type 10. InnoDB: If you get this error at mysqld startup, please check that InnoDB: your my.cnf matches the ibdata files that you have in the InnoDB: MySQL server. 120404 14:17:52 InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 3928 in file .\fil\fil0fil.c lin23 InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap. InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com. InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, even InnoDB: immediately after the mysqld startup, there may be InnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer to InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: about forcing recovery. 120404 14:17:52 - mysqld got exception 0xc0000005 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=262144 max_used_connections=0 max_threads=151 threads_connected=0 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 133725 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. thd: 0x0 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... 0000000140262AFC mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402AAFA1 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402AB33A mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 0000000140268219 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014027DB13 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402A909F mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402A91B6 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014025B9B0 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014022F9C6 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 0000000140219979 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000014009ABCF mysqld.exe!?ha_initialize_handlerton@@YAHPEAUst_plugin_int@@@Z() 000000014003308C mysqld.exe!?plugin_lock_by_name@@YAPEAUst_plugin_int@@PEAVTHD@@PEBUst_mysql_lex_string@@H@Z() 00000001400375A9 mysqld.exe!?plugin_init@@YAHPEAHPEAPEADH@Z() 000000014001DACE mysqld.exe!handle_shutdown() 000000014001E285 mysqld.exe!?win_main@@YAHHPEAPEAD@Z() 000000014001E632 mysqld.exe!?mysql_service@@YAHPEAX@Z() 00000001402EA477 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 00000001402EA545 mysqld.exe!?check_next_symbol@Gis_read_stream@@QEAA_ND@Z() 000000007712652D kernel32.dll!BaseThreadInitThunk() 000000007725C521 ntdll.dll!RtlUserThreadStart() The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. Any suggestion how to get DB working ????

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• Moving the swapfiles to a dedicated partition in Snow Leopard

  - by e.James

  I have been able to move Apple's virtual memory swapfiles to a dedicated partition on my hard drive up until now. The technique I have been using is described in a thread on forums.macosxhints.com. However, with the developer preview of Snow Leopard, this method no longer works. Does anyone know how it could be done with the new OS? Update: I have marked dblu's answer as accepted even though it didn't quite work because he gave excellent, detailed instructions and because his suggestion to use plutil ultimately pointed me in the right direction. The complete, working solution is posted here in the question because I don't have enough reputation to edit the accepted answer. Complete solution: 1. Open Terminal and make a backup copy of Apple's default dynamic_pager.plist: $ cd /System/Library/LaunchDaemons $ sudo cp com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist{,_bak} 2. Convert the plist from binary to plain XML: $ sudo plutil -convert xml1 com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist 3. Open the converted plist with your text editor of choice. (I use pico, see dblu's answer for an example using vim): $ sudo pico -w com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist It should look as follows: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs$ <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>EnableTransactions</key> <true/> <key>HopefullyExitsLast</key> <true/> <key>Label</key> <string>com.apple.dynamic_pager</string> <key>OnDemand</key> <false/> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/sbin/dynamic_pager</string> <string>-F</string> <string>/private/var/vm/swapfile</string> </array> </dict> </plist> 4. Change the ProgramArguments array (lines 13 through 18) so that it launches an intermediate shell script instead of launching dynamic_pager directly. See note #1 for details on why this is necessary. <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/sbin/dynamic_pager_init</string> </array> 5. Save the plist, and return to the terminal prompt. Using pico, the commands would be: <ctrl+o> to save the file <enter> to accept the same filename (com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist) <ctrl+x> to exit 6. Convert the modified plist back to binary: $ sudo plutil -convert binary1 com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist 7. Create the intermediate shell script: $ cd /sbin $ sudo pico -w dynamic_pager_init The script should look as follows (my partition is called 'Swap', and I chose to put the swapfiles in a hidden directory on that partition, called '.vm' be sure that the directory you specify actually exists): Update: This version of the script makes use of wait4path as suggested by ZILjr: #!/bin/bash #launch Apple's dynamic_pager only when the swap volume is mounted echo "Waiting for Swap volume to mount"; wait4path /Volumes/Swap; echo "Launching dynamic pager on volume Swap"; /sbin/dynamic_pager -F /Volumes/Swap/.vm/swapfile; 8. Save and close dynamic_pager_init (same commands as step 5) 9. Modify permissions and ownership for dynamic_pager_init: $ sudo chmod a+x-w /sbin/dynamic_pager_init $ sudo chown root:wheel /sbin/dynamic_pager_init 10. Verify the permissions on dynamic_pager_init: $ ls -l dynamic_pager_init -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 6 18 Sep 15:11 dynamic_pager_init 11. Restart your Mac. If you run into trouble, switch to verbose startup mode by holding down Command-v immediately after the startup chime. This will let you see all of the startup messages that appear during startup. If you run into even worse trouble (i.e. you never see the login screen), hold down Command-s instead. This will boot the computer in single-user mode (no graphical UI, just a command prompt) and allow you to restore the backup copy of com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist that you made in step 1. 12. Once the computer boots, fire up Terminal and verify that the swap files have actually been moved: $ cd /Volumes/Swap/.vm $ ls -l You should see something like this: -rw------- 1 someUser staff 67108864 18 Sep 12:02 swapfile0 13. Delete the old swapfiles: $ cd /private/var/vm $ sudo rm swapfile* 14. Profit! Note 1 Simply modifying the arguments to dynamic_pager in the plist does not always work, and when it fails, it does so in a spectacularly silent way. The problem stems from the fact that dynamic_pager is launched very early in the startup process. If your swap partition has not yet been mounted when dynamic_pager is first loaded (in my experience, this happens 99% of the time), then the system will fake its way through. It will create a symbolic link in your /Volumes directory which has the same name as your swap partition, but points back to the default swapfile location (/private/var/vm). Then, when your actual swap partition mounts, it will be given the name Swap 1 (or YourDriveName 1). You can see the problem by opening up Terminal and listing the contents of your /Volumes directory: $ cd /Volumes $ ls -l You will see something like this: drwxrwxrwx 11 yourUser staff 442 16 Sep 12:13 Swap -> private/var/vm drwxrwxrwx 14 yourUser staff 5 16 Sep 12:13 Swap 1 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 1 17 Sep 12:01 System -> / Note that this failure can be very hard to spot. If you were to check for the swapfiles as I show in step 12, you would still see them! The symbolic link would make it seem as though your swapfiles had been moved, even though they were actually being stored in the default location. Note 2 I was originally unable to get this to work in Snow Leopard because com.apple.dynamic_pager.plist was stored in binary format. I made a copy of the original file and opened it with Apple's Property List Editor (available with Xcode) in order to make changes, but this process added some extended attributes to the plist file which caused the system to ignore it and just use the defaults. As dblu pointed out, using plutil to convert the file to plain XML works like a charm. Note 3 You can check the Console application to see any messages that dynamic_pager_init echos to the screen. If you see the following lines repeated over and over again, there is a problem with the setup. I ran into these messages because I forgot to create the '.vm' directory that I specified in dynamic_pager_init. com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.dynamic_pager[176]) Exited with exit code: 1 com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.dynamic_pager) Throttling respawn: Will start in 10 seconds When everything is working properly, you may see the above message a couple of times, but you should also see the following message, and then no more of the "Throttling respawn" messages afterwards. com.apple.dynamic_pager[???] Launching dynamic pager on volume Swap This means that the script did have to wait for the partition to load, but in the end it was successful.

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• Network throughput issue (ARP-related)

  - by Joel Coel

  The small college where I work is having some very strange network issues. I'm looking for any advice or ideas here. We were fine over the summer, but the trouble began few days after students returned to campus in force for the fall term. Symptoms The main symptom is that internet access will work, but it's very slow... often to the point of timeouts. As an example, a typical result from Speedtest.net will return .4Mbps download, but allow 3 to 8 Mbps upload speed. Lesser symptoms may include severely limited performance transferring data to and from our file server, or even in some cases the inability to log in to the computer (cannot reach the domain controller). The issue crosses multiple vlans, and has effected devices on nearly every vlan we operate. The issue does not impact all machines on the network. An unaffected machine will typically see at least 11Mbps download from speedtest.net, and perhaps much more depending on larger campus traffic patterns at the time. There is one variation on the larger issue. We have one vlan where users were unable to log into nearly all of the machines at all. IT staff would log in using a local administrator account (or in some cases cached credentials), and from there a release/renew or pinging the gateway would allow the machine to work... for a while. Complicating this issue is that this vlan covers our computer labs, which use software called Deep Freeze to completely reset the hard drives after a reboot. It could just the same issue manifesting differently because of stale data on machines that have not permanently altered low-level info for weeks. We were able to solve this, however, by creating a new vlan and moving the labs over to the new vlan wholesale. Instigations Eventually we noticed that the effected machines all had recent dhcp leases. We can predict when a machine will become "slow" by watching when a dhcp lease comes up for renewal. We played with setting the lease time very short for a test vlan, but all that did was remove our ability to predict when the machine would become slow. Machines with static IPs have pretty much always worked normally. Manually releasing/renewing an address will never cause a machine to become slow. In fact, in some cases this process has fixed a machine in that state. Most of the time, though, it doesn't help. We also noticed that mobile machines like laptops are likely to become slow when they cross to new vlans. Wireless on campus is divided up into "zones", where each zone maps to a small set of buildings. Moving to a new building can place you in a zone, thereby causing you to get a new address. A machine resuming from sleep mode is also very likely to be slow. Mitigations Sometimes, but not always, clearing the arp cache on an effected machine will allow it to work normally again. As already mentioned, releasing/renewing a local machine's IP address can fix that machine, but it's not guaranteed. Pinging the default gateway can also sometimes help with a slow machine. What seems to help most to mitigate the issue is clearing the arp cache on our core layer-3 switch. This switch is used for our dhcp system as the default gateway on all vlans, and it handles inter-vlan routing. The model is a 3Com 4900SX. To try to mitigate the issue, we have the cache timeout set on the switch all the way down to the lowest possible time, but it hasn't helped. I also put together a script that runs every few minutes to automatically connect to the switch and reset the cache. Unfortunately, this does not always work, and can even cause some machines to end up in the slow state for a short time (though these seem to correct themselves after a few minutes). We currently have a scheduled job that runs every 10 minutes to force the core switch to clear it's ARP cache, but this is far from perfect or desirable. Reproduction We now have a test machine that we can force into the slow state at will. It is connected to a switch with ports set up for each of our vlans. We make the machine slow by connecting to different vlans, and after a new connection or two it will be slow. It's also worth noting in this section that this has happened before at the start of prior terms, but in the past the problem has gone away on it's own after a few days. It solved itself before we had a chance to do much diagnostic work... hence why we've allowed it to drag so long into the term this time 'round; the expectation was this would be a short-lived situation. Other Factors It's worth mentioning that we have had about half a dozen switches just outright fail over the last year. These are mainly 2003/2004-era 3Coms (mostly 4200's) that were all put in at about the same time. They should still be covered under warranty, buy HP has made getting service somewhat difficult. Mostly in power supplies that have failed, but in a couple cases we have used a power supply from a switch with a failed mainboard to bring a switch with a failed power supply back to life. We do have UPS devices on all but three of four switches now, but that was not the case when I started two and a half years ago. Severe budget constraints (we were on the Dept. of Ed's financially challenged institutions list a couple years back) have forced me to look to the likes of Netgear and TrendNet for replacements, but so far these low-end models seem to be holding their own. It's also worth mentioning that the big change on our network this summer was migrating from a single cross-campus wireless SSID to the zoned approach mentioned earlier. I don't think this is the source of the issue, as like I've said: we've seen this before. However, it's possible this is exacerbating the issue, and may be much of the reason it's been so hard to isolate. Diagnosis At first it seemed clear to us, given the timing and persistent nature of the problem, that the source of the issue was an infected (or malicious) student machine doing ARP cache poisoning. However, repeated attempts to isolate the source have failed. Those attempts include numerous wireshark packet traces, and even taking entire buildings offline for brief periods. We have not been able even to find a smoking gun bad ARP entry. My current best guess is an overloaded or failing core switch, but I'm not sure on how to test for this, and the cost of replacing it blindly is steep. Again, any ideas appreciated.

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• CakePHP sending multiple lines of same cookie information in response header. why??

  - by Vicer

  Hi all, I am having this problem with one of my cakePHP applications. My application displays a big html table on the page. I noticed that when the table goes beyond a certain size limit, IE cannot display that page. While trying to figure out why this happens, I noticed that my html response header contains a HUGE number of lines repeating the same thing. Response Headers ------------------------------ Date Thu, 20 May 2010 04:18:10 GMT Server Apache/2.0.63 (Win32) mod_ssl/2.0.63 OpenSSL/0.9.7m PHP/5.2.10 X-Powered-By PHP/5.2.10 P3P CP="NOI ADM DEV PSAi COM NAV OUR OTRo STP IND DEM" Set-Cookie CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:12 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1; expires=Sun, 20-May-2035 10:18:13 GMT; path=/mywebapp Keep-Alive timeout=15, max=100 Connection Keep-Alive Transfer-Encoding chunked Content-Type text/html ========================================================================== Request Headers -------------------------- Host localhost:8080 User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3 ( .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 115 Connection keep-alive Referer http://localhost:8080/mywebapp/section2/bigtable/1 Cookie CAKEPHP=q4tp37tn9gkhcpgmf1ftr1i6c1 Authorization Basic cGt1bWFyYTpwa3VtYXJh Notice the huge set of repeated lines at 'Set-Cookie' in the Response Header. This only happens when I try to display large tables. Does anyone have any clue to what might be causing this? Any help to find the issue is appreciated. I am using CakePHP 1.2.5. As far as I know, I am not messing with any set cookie functions. But yes I am using session variables.

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• OpenGL basics: calling glDrawElements once per object

  - by Bethor

  Hi all, continuing on from my explorations of the basics of OpenGL (see this question), I'm trying to figure out the basic principles of drawing a scene with OpenGL. I am trying to render a simple cube repeated n times in every direction. My method appears to yield terrible performance : 1000 cubes brings performance below 50fps (on a QuadroFX 1800, roughly a GeForce 9600GT). My method for drawing these cubes is as follows: done once: set up a vertex buffer and array buffer containing my cube vertices in model space set up an array buffer indexing the cube for drawing as 12 triangles done for each frame: update uniform values used by the vertex shader to move all cubes at once done for each cube, for each frame: update uniform values used by the vertex shader to move each cube to its position call glDrawElements to draw the positioned cube Is this a sane method ? If not, how does one go about something like this ? I'm guessing I need to minimize calls to glUniform, glDrawElements, or both, but I'm not sure how to do that. Full code for my little test : (depends on gletools and pyglet) I'm aware that my init code (at least) is really ugly; I'm concerned with the rendering code for each frame right now, I'll move to something a little less insane for the creation of the vertex buffers and such later on. import pyglet from pyglet.gl import * from pyglet.window import key from numpy import deg2rad, tan from gletools import ShaderProgram, FragmentShader, VertexShader, GeometryShader vertexData = [-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 1.0, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0] elementArray = [2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,## back face 4, 7, 6, 4, 5, 7,## front face 1, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5,## top face 2, 0, 4, 2, 4, 6,## bottom face 1, 5, 4, 0, 1, 4,## left face 6, 7, 3, 6, 3, 2]## right face def toGLArray(input): return (GLfloat*len(input))(*input) def toGLushortArray(input): return (GLushort*len(input))(*input) def initPerspectiveMatrix(aspectRatio = 1.0, fov = 45): frustumScale = 1.0 / tan(deg2rad(fov) / 2.0) fzNear = 0.5 fzFar = 300.0 perspectiveMatrix = [frustumScale*aspectRatio, 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , frustumScale, 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , (fzFar+fzNear)/(fzNear-fzFar) , -1.0, 0.0 , 0.0 , (2*fzFar*fzNear)/(fzNear-fzFar), 0.0 ] return perspectiveMatrix class ModelObject(object): vbo = GLuint() vao = GLuint() eao = GLuint() initDone = False verticesPool = [] indexPool = [] def __init__(self, vertices, indexing): super(ModelObject, self).__init__() if not ModelObject.initDone: glGenVertexArrays(1, ModelObject.vao) glGenBuffers(1, ModelObject.vbo) glGenBuffers(1, ModelObject.eao) glBindVertexArray(ModelObject.vao) initDone = True self.numIndices = len(indexing) self.offsetIntoVerticesPool = len(ModelObject.verticesPool) ModelObject.verticesPool.extend(vertices) self.offsetIntoElementArray = len(ModelObject.indexPool) ModelObject.indexPool.extend(indexing) glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ModelObject.vbo) glEnableVertexAttribArray(0) #position glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0) glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ModelObject.eao) glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, len(ModelObject.verticesPool)*4, toGLArray(ModelObject.verticesPool), GL_STREAM_DRAW) glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, len(ModelObject.indexPool)*2, toGLushortArray(ModelObject.indexPool), GL_STREAM_DRAW) def draw(self): glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, self.numIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, self.offsetIntoElementArray) class PositionedObject(object): def __init__(self, mesh, pos, objOffsetUf): super(PositionedObject, self).__init__() self.mesh = mesh self.pos = pos self.objOffsetUf = objOffsetUf def draw(self): glUniform3f(self.objOffsetUf, self.pos[0], self.pos[1], self.pos[2]) self.mesh.draw() w = 800 h = 600 AR = float(h)/float(w) window = pyglet.window.Window(width=w, height=h, vsync=False) window.set_exclusive_mouse(True) pyglet.clock.set_fps_limit(None) ## input forward = [False] left = [False] back = [False] right = [False] up = [False] down = [False] inputs = {key.Z: forward, key.Q: left, key.S: back, key.D: right, key.UP: forward, key.LEFT: left, key.DOWN: back, key.RIGHT: right, key.PAGEUP: up, key.PAGEDOWN: down} ## camera camX = 0.0 camY = 0.0 camZ = -1.0 def simulate(delta): global camZ, camX, camY scale = 10.0 move = scale*delta if forward[0]: camZ += move if back[0]: camZ += -move if left[0]: camX += move if right[0]: camX += -move if up[0]: camY += move if down[0]: camY += -move pyglet.clock.schedule(simulate) @window.event def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers): global forward, back, left, right, up, down if symbol in inputs.keys(): inputs[symbol][0] = True @window.event def on_key_release(symbol, modifiers): global forward, back, left, right, up, down if symbol in inputs.keys(): inputs[symbol][0] = False ## uniforms for shaders camOffsetUf = GLuint() objOffsetUf = GLuint() perspectiveMatrixUf = GLuint() camRotationUf = GLuint() program = ShaderProgram( VertexShader(''' #version 330 layout(location = 0) in vec4 objCoord; uniform vec3 objOffset; uniform vec3 cameraOffset; uniform mat4 perspMx; void main() { mat4 translateCamera = mat4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, cameraOffset.x, cameraOffset.y, cameraOffset.z, 1.0f); mat4 translateObject = mat4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, objOffset.x, objOffset.y, objOffset.z, 1.0f); vec4 modelCoord = objCoord; vec4 positionedModel = translateObject*modelCoord; vec4 cameraPos = translateCamera*positionedModel; gl_Position = perspMx * cameraPos; }'''), FragmentShader(''' #version 330 out vec4 outputColor; const vec4 fillColor = vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); void main() { outputColor = fillColor; }''') ) shapes = [] def init(): global camOffsetUf, objOffsetUf with program: camOffsetUf = glGetUniformLocation(program.id, "cameraOffset") objOffsetUf = glGetUniformLocation(program.id, "objOffset") perspectiveMatrixUf = glGetUniformLocation(program.id, "perspMx") glUniformMatrix4fv(perspectiveMatrixUf, 1, GL_FALSE, toGLArray(initPerspectiveMatrix(AR))) obj = ModelObject(vertexData, elementArray) nb = 20 for i in range(nb): for j in range(nb): for k in range(nb): shapes.append(PositionedObject(obj, (float(i*2), float(j*2), float(k*2)), objOffsetUf)) glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE) glCullFace(GL_BACK) glFrontFace(GL_CW) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glDepthMask(GL_TRUE) glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL) glDepthRange(0.0, 1.0) glClearDepth(1.0) def update(dt): print pyglet.clock.get_fps() pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1.0) @window.event def on_draw(): with program: pyglet.clock.tick() glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) glUniform3f(camOffsetUf, camX, camY, camZ) for shape in shapes: shape.draw() init() pyglet.app.run()

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• Prefer extension methods for encapsulation and reusability?

  - by tzaman

  edit4: wikified, since this seems to have morphed more into a discussion than a specific question. In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. (edit: Even in the current .NET library, I can see places where it would've been useful to have extensions instead of instance methods - for example, all of the utility functions of List<T> (Sort, BinarySearch, FindIndex, etc.) would be incredibly useful if they were lifted up to IList<T> - getting free bonus functionality like that adds a lot more benefit to implementing the interface.) So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself? (edit2: In response to Tomas - while C# did start out with Java's (overly, imo) OO mentality, it seems to be embracing more multi-paradigm programming with every new release; the main thrust of this question is whether using extension methods to drive a style change (towards more generic / functional C#) is useful or worthwhile..) edit3: overridable extension methods The only real problem identified so far with this approach, is that you can't specialize extension methods if you need to. I've been thinking about the issue, and I think I've come up with a solution. Suppose I have an interface MyInterface, which I want to extend - I define my extension methods in a MyExtension static class, and pair it with another interface, call it MyExtensionOverrider. MyExtension methods are defined according to this pattern: public static int MyMethod(this MyInterface obj, int arg, bool attemptCast=true) { if (attemptCast && obj is MyExtensionOverrider) { return ((MyExtensionOverrider)obj).MyMethod(arg); } // regular implementation here } The override interface mirrors all of the methods defined in MyExtension, except without the this or attemptCast parameters: public interface MyExtensionOverrider { int MyMethod(int arg); string MyOtherMethod(); } Now, any class can implement the interface and get the default extension functionality: public class MyClass : MyInterface { ... } Anyone that wants to override it with specific implementations can additionally implement the override interface: public class MySpecializedClass : MyInterface, MyExtensionOverrider { public int MyMethod(int arg) { //specialized implementation for one method } public string MyOtherMethod() { // fallback to default for others MyExtension.MyOtherMethod(this, attemptCast: false); } } And there we go: extension methods provided on an interface, with the option of complete extensibility if needed. Fully general too, the interface itself doesn't need to know about the extension / override, and multiple extension / override pairs can be implemented without interfering with each other. I can see three problems with this approach - It's a little bit fragile - the extension methods and override interface have to be kept synchronized manually. It's a little bit ugly - implementing the override interface involves boilerplate for every function you don't want to specialize. It's a little bit slow - there's an extra bool comparison and cast attempt added to the mainline of every method. Still, all those notwithstanding, I think this is the best we can get until there's language support for interface functions. Thoughts?

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• Nested While Loop for mysql_fetch_array not working as I expected

  - by Ayush Saraf

  I m trying to make feed system for my website, in which i have got i data from the database using mysql_fetch_array system and created a while loop for mysql_fetch_array and inside tht loop i have repeated the same thing again another while loop, but the problem is that the nested while loop only execute once and dont repeat the rows.... here is the code i have used some function and OOP but u will get wht is the point! i thought of an alternative but not yet tried vaz i wanna the way out this way only i.e. using a for loopo insted of while loop that mite wrk... public function get_feeds_from_my_friends(){ global $Friends; global $User; $friend_list = $Friends->create_friend_list_ids(); $sql = "SELECT feeds.id, feeds.user_id, feeds.post, feeds.date FROM feeds WHERE feeds.user_id IN (". $friend_list. ") ORDER BY feeds.id DESC"; $result = mysql_query($sql); while ($rows = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $id = $rows['user_id']; $dp = $User->user_detail_by_id($id, "dp"); $user_name = $User->full_name_by_id($id); $post_id = $rows['id']; $final_result = "<div class=\"sharedItem\">"; $final_result .= "<div class=\"item\">"; $final_result .= "<div class=\"imageHolder\"><img src=\"". $dp ."\" class=\"profilePicture\" /></div>"; $final_result .= "<div class=\"txtHolder\">"; $final_result .= "<div class=\"username\"> " . $user_name . "</div>"; $final_result .= "<div class=\"userfeed\"> " . $rows['post'] . "</div>"; $final_result .= "<div class=\"details\">" . $rows['date'] . "</div>"; $final_result .= "</div></div>"; $final_result .= $this->get_comments_for_feed($post_id); $final_result .= "</div>"; echo $final_result; } } public function get_comments_for_feed($feed_id){ global $User; $sql = "SELECT feeds.comments FROM feeds WHERE feeds.id = " . $feed_id . " LIMIT 1"; $result = mysql_query($sql); $result = mysql_fetch_array($result); $result = $result['comments']; $comment_list = get_array_string_from_feild($result); $sql = "SELECT comment_feed.user_id, comment_feed.comment, comment_feed.date FROM comment_feed "; $sql .= "WHERE comment_feed.id IN(" . $comment_list . ") ORDER BY comment_feed.date DESC"; $result = mysql_query($sql); if(empty($result)){ return "";} else { while ($rows = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $id = $rows['user_id']; $dp = $User->user_detail_by_id($id, "dp"); $user_name = $User->full_name_by_id($id); return "<div class=\"comments\"><div class=\"imageHolder\"><img src=\"". $dp ."\" class=\"profilePicture\" /></div> <div class=\"txtHolder\"> <div class=\"username\"> " . $user_name . "</div> <div class=\"userfeed\"> " . $rows['comment'] . "</div> <div class=\"details\">" . $rows['date'] . "</div> </div></div>"; } } }

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• how to serialize / deserialize classes defined in .proto (protobuf)

  - by make

  Hi, Could someone please help me with serialization/deserialization classes defined in .proto (protobuf). here is an exp that I am trying to build: file.proto message Data{ required string x1 = 1; required uint32 x2 = 2; required float x3 = 3; } message DataExge { repeated Data data = 1; } client.cpp ... void serialize(const DataExge &data_snd){ try { ofstream ofs("DataExge"); data_snd.SerializeToOstream(&ofs); } catch(exception &e) { cerr << "serialize/exception: " << e.what() << endl; exit(1); } } void deserialize(DataExge &data_rec){ try { ifstream ifs("DataExge"); data_rec.ParseFromIstream(&ifs); } catch(exception& e) { cerr << "deserialize/exception: " << e.what() << endl; exit(1); } } int main(){ ... DataExge dataexge; Data *dat = dataexge.add_data(); char *y1 = "operation1"; uint32_t y2 = 123 ; float y3 = 3.14; // assigning data to send() dat->set_set_x1(y1); dat->set_set_x2(y2); dat->set_set_x3(y3); //sending data to the client serialize(dataexge); if (send(socket, &dataexge, sizeof(dataexge), 0) < 0) { cerr << "send() failed" ; exit(1); } //receiving data from the server deserialize(dataexge); if (recv(socket, &dataexge, sizeof(dataexge), 0) < 0) { cerr << "recv() failed"; exit(1); } //printing received data cout << dat->x1() << "\n"; cout << dat->x2() << "\n"; cout << dat->x3() << "\n"; ... } server.cpp ... void serialize(const DataExge &data_snd){ try { ofstream ofs("DataExge"); data_snd.SerializeToOstream(&ofs); } catch(exception &e) { cerr << "serialize/exception: " << e.what() << endl; exit(1); } } void deserialize(DataExge &data_rec){ try { ifstream ifs("DataExge"); data_rec.ParseFromIstream(&ifs); } catch(exception& e) { cerr << "deserialize/exception: " << e.what() << endl; exit(1); } } int main(){ ... DataExge dataexge; Data *dat = dataexge.add_data(); //receiving data from the client deserialize(dataexge); if (recv(socket, &dataexge, sizeof(dataexge), 0) < 0) { cerr << "recv() failed"; exit(1); } //printing received data cout << dat->x1() << "\n"; cout << dat->x2() << "\n"; cout << dat->x3() << "\n"; // assigning data to send() dat->set_set_x1("operation2"); dat->set_set_x2(dat->x2() + 1); dat->set_set_x3(dat->x3() + 1.1); //sending data to the client serialize(dataexge); //error// I am getting error at this line ... if (send(socket, &dataexge, sizeof(dataexge), 0) < 0) { cerr << "send() failed" ; exit(1); } ... } Thanks for your help and replies -

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• Design pattern for cost calculator app?

  - by Anders Svensson

  Hi, I have a problem that I’ve tried to get help for before, but I wasn’t able to solve it then, so I’m trying to simplify the problem now to see if I can get some more concrete help with this because it is driving me crazy… Basically, I have a working (more complex) version of this application, which is a project cost calculator. But because I am at the same time trying to learn to design my applications better, I would like some input on how I could improve this design. Basically the main thing I want is input on the conditionals that (here) appear repeated in two places. The suggestions I got before was to use the strategy pattern or factory pattern. I also know about the Martin Fowler book with the suggestion to Refactor conditional with polymorphism. I understand that principle in his simpler example. But how can I do either of these things here (if any would be suitable)? The way I see it, the calculation is dependent on a couple of conditions: 1. What kind of service is it, writing or analysis? 2. Is the project small, medium or large? (Please note that there may be other parameters as well, equally different, such as “are the products new or previously existing?” So such parameters should be possible to add, but I tried to keep the example simple with only two parameters to be able to get concrete help) So refactoring with polymorphism would imply creating a number of subclasses, which I already have for the first condition (type of service), and should I really create more subclasses for the second condition as well (size)? What would that become, AnalysisSmall, AnalysisMedium, AnalysisLarge, WritingSmall, etc…??? No, I know that’s not good, I just don’t see how to work with that pattern anyway else? I see the same problem basically for the suggestions of using the strategy pattern (and the factory pattern as I see it would just be a helper to achieve the polymorphism above). So please, if anyone has concrete suggestions as to how to design these classes the best way I would be really grateful! Please also consider whether I have chosen the objects correctly too, or if they need to be redesigned. (Responses like "you should consider the factory pattern" will obviously not be helpful... I've already been down that road and I'm stumped at precisely how in this case) Regards, Anders The code (very simplified, don’t mind the fact that I’m using strings instead of enums, not using a config file for data etc, that will be done as necessary in the real application once I get the hang of these design problems): public abstract class Service { protected Dictionary<string, int> _hours; protected const int SMALL = 2; protected const int MEDIUM = 8; public int NumberOfProducts { get; set; } public abstract int GetHours(); } public class Writing : Service { public Writing(int numberOfProducts) { NumberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _hours = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "small", 125 }, { "medium", 100 }, { "large", 60 } }; } public override int GetHours() { if (NumberOfProducts <= SMALL) return _hours["small"] * NumberOfProducts; if (NumberOfProducts <= MEDIUM) return (_hours["small"] * SMALL) + (_hours["medium"] * (NumberOfProducts - SMALL)); return (_hours["small"] * SMALL) + (_hours["medium"] * (MEDIUM - SMALL)) + (_hours["large"] * (NumberOfProducts - MEDIUM)); } } public class Analysis : Service { public Analysis(int numberOfProducts) { NumberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _hours = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "small", 56 }, { "medium", 104 }, { "large", 200 } }; } public override int GetHours() { if (NumberOfProducts <= SMALL) return _hours["small"]; if (NumberOfProducts <= MEDIUM) return _hours["medium"]; return _hours["large"]; } } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); List<int> quantities = new List<int>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { quantities.Add(i); } comboBoxNumberOfProducts.DataSource = quantities; } private void comboBoxNumberOfProducts_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Service writing = new Writing((int) comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); Service analysis = new Analysis((int) comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); labelWriterHours.Text = writing.GetHours().ToString(); labelAnalysisHours.Text = analysis.GetHours().ToString(); } }

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• Cobol: science and fiction

  - by user847

  There are a few threads about the relevance of the Cobol programming language on this forum, e.g. this thread links to a collection of them. What I am interested in here is a frequently repeated claim based on a study by Gartner from 1997: that there were around 200 billion lines of code in active use at that time! I would like to ask some questions to verify or falsify a couple of related points. My goal is to understand if this statement has any truth to it or if it is totally unrealistic. I apologize in advance for being a little verbose in presenting my line of thought and my own opinion on the things I am not sure about, but I think it might help to put things in context and thus highlight any wrong assumptions and conclusions I have made. Sometimes, the "200 billion lines" number is accompanied by the added claim that this corresponded to 80% of all programming code in any language in active use. Other times, the 80% merely refer to so-called "business code" (or some other vague phrase hinting that the reader is not to count mainstream software, embedded systems or anything else where Cobol is practically non-existent). In the following I assume that the code does not include double-counting of multiple installations of the same software (since that is cheating!). In particular in the time prior to the y2k problem, it has been noted that a lot of Cobol code is already 20 to 30 years old. That would mean it was written in the late 60ies and 70ies. At that time, the market leader was IBM with the IBM/370 mainframe. IBM has put up a historical announcement on his website quoting prices and availability. According to the sheet, prices are about one million dollars for machines with up to half a megabyte of memory. Question 1: How many mainframes have actually been sold? I have not found any numbers for those times; the latest numbers are for the year 2000, again by Gartner. :^( I would guess that the actual number is in the hundreds or the low thousands; if the market size was 50 billion in 2000 and the market has grown exponentially like any other technology, it might have been merely a few billions back in 1970. Since the IBM/370 was sold for twenty years, twenty times a few thousand will result in a couple of ten-thousands of machines (and that is pretty optimistic)! Question 2: How large were the programs in lines of code? I don't know how many bytes of machine code result from one line of source code on that architecture. But since the IBM/370 was a 32-bit machine, any address access must have used 4 bytes plus instruction (2, maybe 3 bytes for that?). If you count in operating system and data for the program, how many lines of code would have fit into the main memory of half a megabyte? Question 3: Was there no standard software? Did every single machine sold run a unique hand-coded system without any standard software? Seriously, even if every machine was programmed from scratch without any reuse of legacy code (wait ... didn't that violate one of the claims we started from to begin with???) we might have O(50,000 l.o.c./machine) * O(20,000 machines) = O(1,000,000,000 l.o.c.). That is still far, far, far away from 200 billion! Am I missing something obvious here? Question 4: How many programmers did we need to write 200 billion lines of code? I am really not sure about this one, but if we take an average of 10 l.o.c. per day, we would need 55 million man-years to achieve this! In the time-frame of 20 to 30 years this would mean that there must have existed two to three million programmers constantly writing, testing, debugging and documenting code. That would be about as many programmers as we have in China today, wouldn't it? Question 5: What about the competition? So far, I have come up with two things here: 1) IBM had their own programming language, PL/I. Above I have assumed that the majority of code has been written exclusively using Cobol. However, all other things being equal I wonder if IBM marketing had really pushed their own development off the market in favor of Cobol on their machines. Was there really no relevant code base of PL/I? 2) Sometimes (also on this board in the thread quoted above) I come across the claim that the "200 billion lines of code" are simply invisible to anybody outside of "governments, banks ..." (and whatnot). Actually, the DoD had funded their own language in order to increase cost effectiveness and reduce the proliferation of programming language. This lead to their use of Ada. Would they really worry about having so many different programming languages if they had predominantly used Cobol? If there was any language running on "government and military" systems outside the perception of mainstream computing, wouldn't that language be Ada? I hope someone can point out any flaws in my assumptions and/or conclusions and shed some light on whether the above claim has any truth to it or not.

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• jqGrid concatinating/building html tag incorrectly

  - by Energetic Pixels

  Please excuse to length of post. But I needed to explain what I am seeing. I have a onSelectRow option that is supposed to build stacked html <li> tags (such as <li>...</li> <li>...</li> <li>...</li> ) up to the number of static xml elements that I am looking at. But my script is concatinating all the image src links together instead of building the whole listobject tag. Everything else in my jqGrid script works with exception of repeated elements inside my xml. onSelectRow: function() { var gsr = $('#searchResults').jqGrid('getGridParam', 'selrow'); if (gsr) { var data = $('#searchResults').jqGrid('getRowData', gsr); $('#thumbs ul').html('<li><a class='thumb' href='' + data.piclocation + '' title='' + data.pictitle + ''><img src='" + data.picthumb + "' alt='" + data.pictitle + "' /></a><div class='caption'><div class='image-title'>" + data.pictitle + "</div></div></li>"); };" my xml file is something like this: <photo> <pic> <asset>weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106.jpg</asset> <thumb>weaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106.jpg</thumb> <caption>Side view of DODIC A106</caption> <title>Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge</title> </pic> <pic> <asset>weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_A.jpg</asset> <thumb>weaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_A.jpg</thumb> <caption>Side view of DODIC A106</caption> <title>Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge</title> </pic> <pic> <asset>weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_B.jpg</asset> <thumb>weaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_B.jpg</thumb> <caption>Side view of DODIC A106</caption> <title>Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge</title> </pic> <pic> <asset>weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_C.jpg</asset> <thumb>weaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_C.jpg</thumb> <caption>Side view of DODIC A106</caption> <title>Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge</title> </pic> <pic> <asset>weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_D.jpg</asset> <thumb>weaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_D.jpg</thumb> <caption>Side view of DODIC A106</caption> <title>Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge</title> </pic> My script works fine when it only sees one sequence, but when it sees more than one it puts all html inside the tags together then for the caption and title does the same for them. It generates only one <li></li> tag set instead of 5 in the example above like I want. The <li> tags are being used by a slideshow (with thumbnails) utility. Inside firebug, I can see the object that it is built for me: <a title="Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge" href="weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_A.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_B.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_C.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_D.jpg" class="thumb"><img alt="Side view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridgeSide view of 22 caliber long rifle ball cartridge" src="weaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_A.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_B.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_C.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/thumbs/A106_D.jpg"></a> Within jqGrid, the cell is holding: <td title="weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_A.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_B.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_C.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_D.jpg" style="text-align: center; display: none;" role="gridcell">weaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_A.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_B.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_C.jpgweaponLib/stillMedia/slides/A106_D.jpg</td> I know that jqGrid is building it wrong. I am double-stumped as to direction to fix it. Any suggestions would be greatly greatly appreciated. tony

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• Any array function or user defined function to pick up only first occurence of value from the array?

  - by OM The Eternity

  If i have an array Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => 137 [id] => 137 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 0 [oldvalue] => 0 [5] => 62 [newvalue] => 62 [6] => checked_out [field] => checked_out [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 ) [1] => Array ( [0] => 138 [id] => 138 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [oldvalue] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [5] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [newvalue] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [6] => checked_out_time [field] => checked_out_time [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 ) [2] => Array ( [0] => 139 [id] => 139 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => Subhash [oldvalue] => Subhash [5] => Subhashgfhfgh [newvalue] => Subhashgfhfgh [6] => name [field] => name [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) [3] => Array ( [0] => 140 [id] => 140 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => subhash [oldvalue] => subhash [5] => subhashhfhf [newvalue] => subhashhfhf [6] => alias [field] => alias [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) [4] => Array ( [0] => 141 [id] => 141 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 62 [oldvalue] => 62 [5] => 0 [newvalue] => 0 [6] => checked_out [field] => checked_out [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) [5] => Array ( [0] => 142 [id] => 142 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [oldvalue] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [5] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [newvalue] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [6] => checked_out_time [field] => checked_out_time [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) ) Now here u can see that the index "field" has repeated values i.e. "checked_out" and "checked_out_time" other indexes have single occurrence, now what should I do to select/grab the first occurrence of the repetitive values only?

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• Any array function or user defned function to pick up only first occurance of value from the array?

  - by OM The Eternity

  If i have an array Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => 137 [id] => 137 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 0 [oldvalue] => 0 [5] => 62 [newvalue] => 62 [6] => checked_out [field] => checked_out [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 ) [1] => Array ( [0] => 138 [id] => 138 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [oldvalue] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [5] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [newvalue] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [6] => checked_out_time [field] => checked_out_time [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:28 ) [2] => Array ( [0] => 139 [id] => 139 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => Subhash [oldvalue] => Subhash [5] => Subhashgfhfgh [newvalue] => Subhashgfhfgh [6] => name [field] => name [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) [3] => Array ( [0] => 140 [id] => 140 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => subhash [oldvalue] => subhash [5] => subhashhfhf [newvalue] => subhashhfhf [6] => alias [field] => alias [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) [4] => Array ( [0] => 141 [id] => 141 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 62 [oldvalue] => 62 [5] => 0 [newvalue] => 0 [6] => checked_out [field] => checked_out [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) [5] => Array ( [0] => 142 [id] => 142 [1] => 153 [trackid] => 153 [2] => jos_menu [table_name] => jos_menu [3] => UPDATE [operation] => UPDATE [4] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [oldvalue] => 2010-05-11 12:16:28 [5] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [newvalue] => 0000-00-00 00:00:00 [6] => checked_out_time [field] => checked_out_time [7] => 0 [live] => 0 [8] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 [changedone] => 2010-05-11 17:46:35 ) ) Now here u can see that the index "field" has repeated values i.e. "checked_out" and "checked_out_time" other indexes have single occurrence, now what should I do to select/grab the first occurrence of the repetitive values only?

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• Can we add new attribute or change type of existing attribute to a "Referenced Element"?

  - by JSteve

  In my XML schema I have an element being referenced tens of times by other elements but with different enumerated values for one of its attribute. For now, instead of creating this element in global space and referencing it later, I am creating a new instance wherever it is needed. This approach has increased my schema size enormously because of repeated creation of almost same element many times. It also may have adverse effect on efficiency of the schema. The only way that I see is to create element once and then reference it many times but my problem is: one of the attribute of this referenced element is required to have a different set of enumerations for each referencing element. My question is: Is it possible to to add an attribute to a "Referenced Element" in XML Schema? Something like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.myDomain.com" xmlns="http://www.myDomain.com" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xs:simpleType name="myValues1"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="value1" /> <xs:enumeration value="value2" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <xs:element name="myElement"> <xs:complexType mixed="true"> <xs:attribute name="attr1" type="xs:string" /> <xs:attribute name="attr2" type="xs:string" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="MainElement1"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="myElement"> <xs:complexType> <xs:attribute name="myAtt" type="myValues1" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="mainAtt1" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema> Or can we change type of an existing attribute of a "Referenced Element" in XML Schema? something like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.myDomain.com" xmlns="http://www.myDomain.com" elementFormDefault="qualified"> <xs:simpleType name="myValues1"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="value1" /> <xs:enumeration value="value2" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <xs:simpleType name="myValues2"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="value3" /> <xs:enumeration value="value4" /> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <xs:element name="myElement"> <xs:complexType mixed="true"> <xs:attribute name="attr1" type="xs:string" /> <xs:attribute name="attr2" type="xs:string" /> <xs:attribute name="myAtt" type="myValues1" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="MainElement1"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="myElement"> <xs:complexType> <xs:attribute name="myAtt" type="myValues2" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="mainAtt1" /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema>

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• How can I map "insert='false' update='false'" on a composite-id key-property which is also used in a one-to-many FK?

  - by Gweebz

  I am working on a legacy code base with an existing DB schema. The existing code uses SQL and PL/SQL to execute queries on the DB. We have been tasked with making a small part of the project database-engine agnostic (at first, change everything eventually). We have chosen to use Hibernate 3.3.2.GA and "*.hbm.xml" mapping files (as opposed to annotations). Unfortunately, it is not feasible to change the existing schema because we cannot regress any legacy features. The problem I am encountering is when I am trying to map a uni-directional, one-to-many relationship where the FK is also part of a composite PK. Here are the classes and mapping file... CompanyEntity.java public class CompanyEntity { private Integer id; private Set<CompanyNameEntity> names; ... } CompanyNameEntity.java public class CompanyNameEntity implements Serializable { private Integer id; private String languageId; private String name; ... } CompanyNameEntity.hbm.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.jboss.org/dtd/hibernate/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.example"> <class name="com.example.CompanyEntity" table="COMPANY"> <id name="id" column="COMPANY_ID"/> <set name="names" table="COMPANY_NAME" cascade="all-delete-orphan" fetch="join" batch-size="1" lazy="false"> <key column="COMPANY_ID"/> <one-to-many entity-name="vendorName"/> </set> </class> <class entity-name="companyName" name="com.example.CompanyNameEntity" table="COMPANY_NAME"> <composite-id> <key-property name="id" column="COMPANY_ID"/> <key-property name="languageId" column="LANGUAGE_ID"/> </composite-id> <property name="name" column="NAME" length="255"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> This code works just fine for SELECT and INSERT of a Company with names. I encountered a problem when I tried to update and existing record. I received a BatchUpdateException and after looking through the SQL logs I saw Hibernate was trying to do something stupid... update COMPANY_NAME set COMPANY_ID=null where COMPANY_ID=? Hibernate was trying to dis-associate child records before updating them. The problem is that this field is part of the PK and not-nullable. I found the quick solution to make Hibernate not do this is to add "not-null='true'" to the "key" element in the parent mapping. SO now may mapping looks like this... CompanyNameEntity.hbm.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.jboss.org/dtd/hibernate/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.example"> <class name="com.example.CompanyEntity" table="COMPANY"> <id name="id" column="COMPANY_ID"/> <set name="names" table="COMPANY_NAME" cascade="all-delete-orphan" fetch="join" batch-size="1" lazy="false"> <key column="COMPANY_ID" not-null="true"/> <one-to-many entity-name="vendorName"/> </set> </class> <class entity-name="companyName" name="com.example.CompanyNameEntity" table="COMPANY_NAME"> <composite-id> <key-property name="id" column="COMPANY_ID"/> <key-property name="languageId" column="LANGUAGE_ID"/> </composite-id> <property name="name" column="NAME" length="255"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> This mapping gives the exception... org.hibernate.MappingException: Repeated column in mapping for entity: companyName column: COMPANY_ID (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false") My problem now is that I have tryed to add these attributes to the key-property element but that is not supported by the DTD. I have also tryed changing it to a key-many-to-one element but that didn't work either. So... How can I map "insert='false' update='false'" on a composite-id key-property which is also used in a one-to-many FK?

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• XSLT - group response as per month and year combination

  - by alisha

  I want into write xslt to get response for the input xml. thanks in advance. I want to group output such that month year combination is not repeated for each of the employee details. Input XML: <resultset> <row> <column> <name>Month</name> <value>2</value> </column> <column> <name>Year</name> <value>2010</value> </column> <column> <name>EmpName</name> <value>Anu</value> </column> <column> <name>Age</name> <value>24</value> </column> </row> <row> <column> <name>Month</name> <value>2</value> </column> <column> <name>Year</name> <value>2010</value> </column> <column> <name>EmpName</name> <value>Nancy</value> </column> <column> <name>Age</name> <value>26</value> </column> </row> <row> <column> <name>Month</name> <value>3</value> </column> <column> <name>Year</name> <value>2010</value> </column> <column> <name>EmpName</name> <value>Ned</value> </column> <column> <name>Age</name> <value>25</value> </column> </row> </resultset> Output expected: <Response> <PeriodInfo> <Month>2</Month> <Year>2010</Year> <EmployeeDetails> <Name>Anu</Name> <Age>24</Age> </EmployeeDetails> <EmployeeDetails> <Name>Nancy</Name> <Age>26</Age> </EmployeeDetails> </PeriodInfo> <PeriodInfo> <Month>3</Month> <Year>2010</Year> <EmployeeDetails> <Name>Ned</Name> <Age>25</Age> </EmployeeDetails> </PeriodInfo> </Response>

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• C++ Program performs better when piped

  - by ET1 Nerd

  I haven't done any programming in a decade. I wanted to get back into it, so I made this little pointless program as practice. The easiest way to describe what it does is with output of my --help codeblock: ./prng_bench --help ./prng_bench: usage: ./prng_bench $N $B [$T] This program will generate an N digit base(B) random number until all N digits are the same. Once a repeating N digit base(B) number is found, the following statistics are displayed: -Decimal value of all N digits. -Time & number of tries taken to randomly find. Optionally, this process is repeated T times. When running multiple repititions, averages for all N digit base(B) numbers are displayed at the end, as well as total time and total tries. My "problem" is that when the problem is "easy", say a 3 digit base 10 number, and I have it do a large number of passes the "total time" is less when piped to grep. ie: command ; command |grep took : ./prng_bench 3 10 999999 ; ./prng_bench 3 10 999999|grep took .... Pass# 999999: All 3 base(10) digits = 3 base(10). Time: 0.00005 secs. Tries: 23 It took 191.86701 secs & 99947208 tries to find 999999 repeating 3 digit base(10) numbers. An average of 0.00019 secs & 99 tries was needed to find each one. It took 159.32355 secs & 99947208 tries to find 999999 repeating 3 digit base(10) numbers. If I run the same command many times w/o grep time is always VERY close. I'm using srand(1234) for now, to test. The code between my calls to clock_gettime() for start and stop do not involve any stream manipulation, which would obviously affect time. I realize this is an exercise in futility, but I'd like to know why it behaves this way. Below is heart of the program. Here's a link to the full source on DB if anybody wants to compile and test. https://www.dropbox.com/s/6olqnnjf3unkm2m/prng_bench.cpp clock_gettime() requires -lrt. for (int pass_num=1; pass_num<=passes; pass_num++) { //Executes $passes # of times. clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &temp_time); //get time start_time = timetodouble(temp_time); //convert time to double, store as start_time for(i=1, tries=0; i!=0; tries++) { //loops until 'comparison for' fully completes. counts reps as 'tries'. <------------ for (i=0; i<Ndigits; i++) //Move forward through array. | results[i]=(rand()%base); //assign random num of base to element (digit). | /*for (i=0; i<Ndigits; i++) //---Debug Lines--------------- | std::cout<<" "<<results[i]; //---a LOT of output.---------- | std::cout << "\n"; //---Comment/decoment to disable/enable.*/ // | for (i=Ndigits-1; i>0 && results[i]==results[0]; i--); //Move through array, != element breaks & i!=0, new digits drawn. -| } //If all are equal i will be 0, nested for condition satisfied. -| clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &temp_time); //get time draw_time = (timetodouble(temp_time) - start_time); //convert time to dbl, subtract start_time, set draw_time to diff. total_time += draw_time; //add time for this pass to total. total_tries += tries; //add tries for this pass to total. /*Formated output for each pass: Pass# ---: All -- base(--) digits = -- base(10) Time: ----.---- secs. Tries: ----- (LINE) */ std::cout<<"Pass# "<<std::setw(width_pass)<<pass_num<<": All "<<Ndigits<<" base("<<base<<") digits = " <<std::setw(width_base)<<results[0]<<" base(10). Time: "<<std::setw(width_time)<<draw_time <<" secs. Tries: "<<tries<<"\n"; } if(passes==1) return 0; //No need for totals and averages of 1 pass. /* It took ----.---- secs & ------ tries to find --- repeating -- digit base(--) numbers. (LINE) An average of ---.---- secs & ---- tries was needed to find each one. (LINE)(LINE) */ std::cout<<"It took "<<total_time<<" secs & "<<total_tries<<" tries to find " <<passes<<" repeating "<<Ndigits<<" digit base("<<base<<") numbers.\n" <<"An average of "<<total_time/passes<<" secs & "<<total_tries/passes <<" tries was needed to find each one. \n\n"; return 0;

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• Microsoft and jQuery

  - by Rick Strahl

  The jQuery JavaScript library has been steadily getting more popular and with recent developments from Microsoft, jQuery is also getting ever more exposure on the ASP.NET platform including now directly from Microsoft. jQuery is a light weight, open source DOM manipulation library for JavaScript that has changed how many developers think about JavaScript. You can download it and find more information on jQuery on www.jquery.com. For me jQuery has had a huge impact on how I develop Web applications and was probably the main reason I went from dreading to do JavaScript development to actually looking forward to implementing client side JavaScript functionality. It has also had a profound impact on my JavaScript skill level for me by seeing how the library accomplishes things (and often reviewing the terse but excellent source code). jQuery made an uncomfortable development platform (JavaScript + DOM) a joy to work on. Although jQuery is by no means the only JavaScript library out there, its ease of use, small size, huge community of plug-ins and pure usefulness has made it easily the most popular JavaScript library available today. As a long time jQuery user, I’ve been excited to see the developments from Microsoft that are bringing jQuery to more ASP.NET developers and providing more integration with jQuery for ASP.NET’s core features rather than relying on the ASP.NET AJAX library. Microsoft and jQuery – making Friends jQuery is an open source project but in the last couple of years Microsoft has really thrown its weight behind supporting this open source library as a supported component on the Microsoft platform. When I say supported I literally mean supported: Microsoft now offers actual tech support for jQuery as part of their Product Support Services (PSS) as jQuery integration has become part of several of the ASP.NET toolkits and ships in several of the default Web project templates in Visual Studio 2010. The ASP.NET MVC 3 framework (still in Beta) also uses jQuery for a variety of client side support features including client side validation and we can look forward toward more integration of client side functionality via jQuery in both MVC and WebForms in the future. In other words jQuery is becoming an optional but included component of the ASP.NET platform. PSS support means that support staff will answer jQuery related support questions as part of any support incidents related to ASP.NET which provides some piece of mind to some corporate development shops that require end to end support from Microsoft. In addition to including jQuery and supporting it, Microsoft has also been getting involved in providing development resources for extending jQuery’s functionality via plug-ins. Microsoft’s last version of the Microsoft Ajax Library – which is the successor to the native ASP.NET AJAX Library – included some really cool functionality for client templates, databinding and localization. As it turns out Microsoft has rebuilt most of that functionality using jQuery as the base API and provided jQuery plug-ins of these components. Very recently these three plug-ins were submitted and have been approved for inclusion in the official jQuery plug-in repository and been taken over by the jQuery team for further improvements and maintenance. Even more surprising: The jQuery-templates component has actually been approved for inclusion in the next major update of the jQuery core in jQuery V1.5, which means it will become a native feature that doesn’t require additional script files to be loaded. Imagine this – an open source contribution from Microsoft that has been accepted into a major open source project for a core feature improvement. Microsoft has come a long way indeed! What the Microsoft Involvement with jQuery means to you For Microsoft jQuery support is a strategic decision that affects their direction in client side development, but nothing stopped you from using jQuery in your applications prior to Microsoft’s official backing and in fact a large chunk of developers did so readily prior to Microsoft’s announcement. Official support from Microsoft brings a few benefits to developers however. jQuery support in Visual Studio 2010 means built-in support for jQuery IntelliSense, automatically added jQuery scripts in many projects types and a common base for client side functionality that actually uses what most developers are already using. If you have already been using jQuery and were worried about straying from the Microsoft line and their internal Microsoft Ajax Library – worry no more. With official support and the change in direction towards jQuery Microsoft is now following along what most in the ASP.NET community had already been doing by using jQuery, which is likely the reason for Microsoft’s shift in direction in the first place. ASP.NET AJAX and the Microsoft AJAX Library weren’t bad technology – there was tons of useful functionality buried in these libraries. However, these libraries never got off the ground, mainly because early incarnations were squarely aimed at control/component developers rather than application developers. For all the functionality that these controls provided for control developers they lacked in useful and easily usable application developer functionality that was easily accessible in day to day client side development. The result was that even though Microsoft shipped support for these tools in the box (in .NET 3.5 and 4.0), other than for the internal support in ASP.NET for things like the UpdatePanel and the ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit as well as some third party vendors, the Microsoft client libraries were largely ignored by the developer community opening the door for other client side solutions. Microsoft seems to be acknowledging developer choice in this case: Many more developers were going down the jQuery path rather than using the Microsoft built libraries and there seems to be little sense in continuing development of a technology that largely goes unused by the majority of developers. Kudos for Microsoft for recognizing this and gracefully changing directions. Note that even though there will be no further development in the Microsoft client libraries they will continue to be supported so if you’re using them in your applications there’s no reason to start running for the exit in a panic and start re-writing everything with jQuery. Although that might be a reasonable choice in some cases, jQuery and the Microsoft libraries work well side by side so that you can leave existing solutions untouched even as you enhance them with jQuery. The Microsoft jQuery Plug-ins – Solid Core Features One of the most interesting developments in Microsoft’s embracing of jQuery is that Microsoft has started contributing to jQuery via standard mechanism set for jQuery developers: By submitting plug-ins. Microsoft took some of the nicest new features of the unpublished Microsoft Ajax Client Library and re-wrote these components for jQuery and then submitted them as plug-ins to the jQuery plug-in repository. Accepted plug-ins get taken over by the jQuery team and that’s exactly what happened with the three plug-ins submitted by Microsoft with the templating plug-in even getting slated to be published as part of the jQuery core in the next major release (1.5). The following plug-ins are provided by Microsoft: jQuery Templates – a client side template rendering engine jQuery Data Link – a client side databinder that can synchronize changes without code jQuery Globalization – provides formatting and conversion features for dates and numbers The first two are ports of functionality that was slated for the Microsoft Ajax Library while functionality for the globalization library provides functionality that was already found in the original ASP.NET AJAX library. To me all three plug-ins address a pressing need in client side applications and provide functionality I’ve previously used in other incarnations, but with more complete implementations. Let’s take a close look at these plug-ins. jQuery Templates http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/templates/ Client side templating is a key component for building rich JavaScript applications in the browser. Templating on the client lets you avoid from manually creating markup by creating DOM nodes and injecting them individually into the document via code. Rather you can create markup templates – similar to the way you create classic ASP server markup – and merge data into these templates to render HTML which you can then inject into the document or replace existing content with. Output from templates are rendered as a jQuery matched set and can then be easily inserted into the document as needed. Templating is key to minimize client side code and reduce repeated code for rendering logic. Instead a single template can be used in many places for updating and adding content to existing pages. Further if you build pure AJAX interfaces that rely entirely on client rendering of the initial page content, templates allow you to a use a single markup template to handle all rendering of each specific HTML section/element. I’ve used a number of different client rendering template engines with jQuery in the past including jTemplates (a PHP style templating engine) and a modified version of John Resig’s MicroTemplating engine which I built into my own set of libraries because it’s such a commonly used feature in my client side applications. jQuery templates adds a much richer templating model that allows for sub-templates and access to the data items. Like John Resig’s original Micro Template engine, the core basics of the templating engine create JavaScript code which means that templates can include JavaScript code. To give you a basic idea of how templates work imagine I have an application that downloads a set of stock quotes based on a symbol list then displays them in the document. To do this you can create an ‘item’ template that describes how each of the quotes is renderd as a template inside of the document: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div><div>${LastPrice}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div><div>${LastQuoteTimeString}</div> </div> </script> The ‘template’ is little more than HTML with some markup expressions inside of it that define the template language. Notice the embedded ${} expressions which reference data from the quote objects returned from an AJAX call on the server. You can embed any JavaScript or value expression in these template expressions. There are also a number of structural commands like {{if}} and {{each}} that provide for rudimentary logic inside of your templates as well as commands ({{tmpl}} and {{wrap}}) for nesting templates. You can find more about the full set of markup expressions available in the documentation. To load up this data you can use code like the following: <script type="text/javascript"> //var Proxy = new ServiceProxy("../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/"); $(document).ready(function () { $("#btnGetQuotes").click(GetQuotes); }); function GetQuotes() { var symbols = $("#txtSymbols").val().split(","); $.ajax({ url: "../PageMethods/PageMethodsService.asmx/GetStockQuotes", data: JSON.stringify({ symbols: symbols }), // parameter map type: "POST", // data has to be POSTed contentType: "application/json", timeout: 10000, dataType: "json", success: function (result) { var quotes = result.d; var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); $("#quoteDisplay").empty().append(jEl); }, error: function (xhr, status) { alert(status + "\r\n" + xhr.responseText); } }); }; </script> In this case an ASMX AJAX service is called to retrieve the stock quotes. The service returns an array of quote objects. The result is returned as an object with the .d property (in Microsoft service style) that returns the actual array of quotes. The template is applied with: var jEl = $("#stockTemplate").tmpl(quotes); which selects the template script tag and uses the .tmpl() function to apply the data to it. The result is a jQuery matched set of elements that can then be appended to the quote display element in the page. The template is merged against an array in this example. When the result is an array the template is automatically applied to each each array item. If you pass a single data item – like say a stock quote – the template works exactly the same way but is applied only once. Templates also have access to a $data item which provides the current data item and information about the tempalte that is currently executing. This makes it possible to keep context within the context of the template itself and also to pass context from a parent template to a child template which is very powerful. Templates can be evaluated by using the template selector and calling the .tmpl() function on the jQuery matched set as shown above or you can use the static $.tmpl() function to provide a template as a string. This allows you to dynamically create templates in code or – more likely – to load templates from the server via AJAX calls. In short there are options The above shows off some of the basics, but there’s much for functionality available in the template engine. Check the documentation link for more information and links to additional examples. The plug-in download also comes with a number of examples that demonstrate functionality. jQuery templates will become a native component in jQuery Core 1.5, so it’s definitely worthwhile checking out the engine today and get familiar with this interface. As much as I’m stoked about templating becoming part of the jQuery core because it’s such an integral part of many applications, there are also a couple shortcomings in the current incarnation: Lack of Error Handling Currently if you embed an expression that is invalid it’s simply not rendered. There’s no error rendered into the template nor do the various  template functions throw errors which leaves finding of bugs as a runtime exercise. I would like some mechanism – optional if possible – to be able to get error info of what is failing in a template when it’s rendered. No String Output Templates are always rendered into a jQuery matched set and there’s no way that I can see to directly render to a string. String output can be useful for debugging as well as opening up templating for creating non-HTML string output. Limited JavaScript Access Unlike John Resig’s original MicroTemplating Engine which was entirely based on JavaScript code generation these templates are limited to a few structured commands that can ‘execute’. There’s no code execution inside of script code which means you’re limited to calling expressions available in global objects or the data item passed in. This may or may not be a big deal depending on the complexity of your template logic. Error handling has been discussed quite a bit and it’s likely there will be some solution to that particualar issue by the time jQuery templates ship. The others are relatively minor issues but something to think about anyway. jQuery Data Link http://api.jquery.com/category/plugins/data-link/ jQuery Data Link provides the ability to do two-way data binding between input controls and an underlying object’s properties. The typical scenario is linking a textbox to a property of an object and have the object updated when the text in the textbox is changed and have the textbox change when the value in the object or the entire object changes. The plug-in also supports converter functions that can be applied to provide the conversion logic from string to some other value typically necessary for mapping things like textbox string input to say a number property and potentially applying additional formatting and calculations. In theory this sounds great, however in reality this plug-in has some serious usability issues. Using the plug-in you can do things like the following to bind data: person = { firstName: "rick", lastName: "strahl"}; $(document).ready( function() { // provide for two-way linking of inputs $("form").link(person); // bind to non-input elements explicitly $("#objFirst").link(person, { firstName: { name: "objFirst", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); $("#objLast").link(person, { lastName: { name: "objLast", convertBack: function (value, source, target) { $(target).text(value); } } }); }); This code hooks up two-way linking between a couple of textboxes on the page and the person object. The first line in the .ready() handler provides mapping of object to form field with the same field names as properties on the object. Note that .link() does NOT bind items into the textboxes when you call .link() – changes are mapped only when values change and you move out of the field. Strike one. The two following commands allow manual binding of values to specific DOM elements which is effectively a one-way bind. You specify the object and a then an explicit mapping where name is an ID in the document. The converter is required to explicitly assign the value to the element. Strike two. You can also detect changes to the underlying object and cause updates to the input elements bound. Unfortunately the syntax to do this is not very natural as you have to rely on the jQuery data object. To update an object’s properties and get change notification looks like this: function updateFirstName() { $(person).data("firstName", person.firstName + " (code updated)"); } This works fine in causing any linked fields to be updated. In the bindings above both the firstName input field and objFirst DOM element gets updated. But the syntax requires you to use a jQuery .data() call for each property change to ensure that the changes are tracked properly. Really? Sure you’re binding through multiple layers of abstraction now but how is that better than just manually assigning values? The code savings (if any) are going to be minimal. As much as I would like to have a WPF/Silverlight/Observable-like binding mechanism in client script, this plug-in doesn’t help much towards that goal in its current incarnation. While you can bind values, the ‘binder’ is too limited to be really useful. If initial values can’t be assigned from the mappings you’re going to end up duplicating work loading the data using some other mechanism. There’s no easy way to re-bind data with a different object altogether since updates trigger only through the .data members. Finally, any non-input elements have to be bound via code that’s fairly verbose and frankly may be more voluminous than what you might write by hand for manual binding and unbinding. Two way binding can be very useful but it has to be easy and most importantly natural. If it’s more work to hook up a binding than writing a couple of lines to do binding/unbinding this sort of thing helps very little in most scenarios. In talking to some of the developers the feature set for Data Link is not complete and they are still soliciting input for features and functionality. If you have ideas on how you want this feature to be more useful get involved and post your recommendations. As it stands, it looks to me like this component needs a lot of love to become useful. For this component to really provide value, bindings need to be able to be refreshed easily and work at the object level, not just the property level. It seems to me we would be much better served by a model binder object that can perform these binding/unbinding tasks in bulk rather than a tool where each link has to be mapped first. I also find the choice of creating a jQuery plug-in questionable – it seems a standalone object – albeit one that relies on the jQuery library – would provide a more intuitive interface than the current forcing of options onto a plug-in style interface. Out of the three Microsoft created components this is by far the least useful and least polished implementation at this point. jQuery Globalization http://github.com/jquery/jquery-global Globalization in JavaScript applications often gets short shrift and part of the reason for this is that natively in JavaScript there’s little support for formatting and parsing of numbers and dates. There are a number of JavaScript libraries out there that provide some support for globalization, but most are limited to a particular portion of globalization. As .NET developers we’re fairly spoiled by the richness of APIs provided in the framework and when dealing with client development one really notices the lack of these features. While you may not necessarily need to localize your application the globalization plug-in also helps with some basic tasks for non-localized applications: Dealing with formatting and parsing of dates and time values. Dates in particular are problematic in JavaScript as there are no formatters whatsoever except the .toString() method which outputs a verbose and next to useless long string. With the globalization plug-in you get a good chunk of the formatting and parsing functionality that the .NET framework provides on the server. You can write code like the following for example to format numbers and dates: var date = new Date(); var output = $.format(date, "MMM. dd, yy") + "\r\n" + $.format(date, "d") + "\r\n" + // 10/25/2010 $.format(1222.32213, "N2") + "\r\n" + $.format(1222.33, "c") + "\r\n"; alert(output); This becomes even more useful if you combine it with templates which can also include any JavaScript expressions. Assuming the globalization plug-in is loaded you can create template expressions that use the $.format function. Here’s the template I used earlier for the stock quote again with a couple of formats applied: <script id="stockTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div id="divStockQuote" class="errordisplay" style="width: 500px;"> <div class="label">Company:</div><div><b>${Company}(${Symbol})</b></div> <div class="label">Last Price:</div> <div>${$.format(LastPrice,"N2")}</div> <div class="label">Net Change:</div><div> {{if NetChange > 0}} <b style="color:green" >${NetChange}</b> {{else}} <b style="color:red" >${NetChange}</b> {{/if}} </div> <div class="label">Last Update:</div> <div>${$.format(LastQuoteTime,"MMM dd, yyyy")}</div> </div> </script> There are also parsing methods that can parse dates and numbers from strings into numbers easily: alert($.parseDate("25.10.2010")); alert($.parseInt("12.222")); // de-DE uses . for thousands separators As you can see culture specific options are taken into account when parsing. The globalization plugin provides rich support for a variety of locales: Get a list of all available cultures Query cultures for culture items (like currency symbol, separators etc.) Localized string names for all calendar related items (days of week, months) Generated off of .NET’s supported locales In short you get much of the same functionality that you already might be using in .NET on the server side. The plugin includes a huge number of locales and an Globalization.all.min.js file that contains the text defaults for each of these locales as well as small locale specific script files that define each of the locale specific settings. It’s highly recommended that you NOT use the huge globalization file that includes all locales, but rather add script references to only those languages you explicitly care about. Overall this plug-in is a welcome helper. Even if you use it with a single locale (like en-US) and do no other localization, you’ll gain solid support for number and date formatting which is a vital feature of many applications. Changes for Microsoft It’s good to see Microsoft coming out of its shell and away from the ‘not-built-here’ mentality that has been so pervasive in the past. It’s especially good to see it applied to jQuery – a technology that has stood in drastic contrast to Microsoft’s own internal efforts in terms of design, usage model and… popularity. It’s great to see that Microsoft is paying attention to what customers prefer to use and supporting the customer sentiment – even if it meant drastically changing course of policy and moving into a more open and sharing environment in the process. The additional jQuery support that has been introduced in the last two years certainly has made lives easier for many developers on the ASP.NET platform. It’s also nice to see Microsoft submitting proposals through the standard jQuery process of plug-ins and getting accepted for various very useful projects. Certainly the jQuery Templates plug-in is going to be very useful to many especially since it will be baked into the jQuery core in jQuery 1.5. I hope we see more of this type of involvement from Microsoft in the future. Kudos!© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in jQuery  ASP.NET  

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• postfix: Temporary lookup failure

  - by mk_89

  I have followed the tutorials step by step for installing and configuring postfix https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixBasicSetupHowto I am trying to test the services to whether Temporary lookup failure error telnet localhost 25 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to: fmaster@localhost 451 4.3.0 <fmaster@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure rcpt to: info@localhost 451 4.3.0 <info@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure I have tried searching the web but I have found no solutions, why am I getting this problem? mail.log Sep 24 01:03:05 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[21055]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <info@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<root@localhost> to=<info@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<localhost> Sep 24 01:03:19 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[21055]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <root@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<root@localhost> to=<root@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<localhost> Sep 24 01:08:19 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[21055]: timeout after RCPT from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:08:19 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[21055]: disconnect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:10:49 bookcdb postfix/anvil[21059]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:00:49 Sep 24 01:10:49 bookcdb postfix/anvil[21059]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:00:49 Sep 24 01:10:49 bookcdb postfix/anvil[21059]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 24 01:00:49 Sep 24 01:15:36 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22175]: error: open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:15:36 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22175]: warning: hostname localhost does not resolve to address ::1: No address associated with hostname Sep 24 01:15:36 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22175]: connect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: error: open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "*" Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "*" Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "root@localhost" Sep 24 01:15:55 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:15:59 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:15:59 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "fmaster@localhost" Sep 24 01:15:59 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22195]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:15:59 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22175]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <fmaster@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<root@localhost> to=<fmaster@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<localhost> Sep 24 01:16:30 postfix/smtpd[22175]: last message repeated 5 times Sep 24 01:16:30 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22175]: disconnect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:19:50 bookcdb postfix/anvil[22177]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:15:36 Sep 24 01:19:50 bookcdb postfix/anvil[22177]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:15:36 Sep 24 01:19:50 bookcdb postfix/anvil[22177]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 24 01:15:36 Sep 24 01:20:32 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[21039]: D0C596E0B34: from=<[email protected]>, size=442, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 01:20:32 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[21039]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:20:32 bookcdb postfix/error[22402]: D0C596E0B34: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=5369, delays=5369/0.01/0/0.09, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 01:24:16 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: error: open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:24:16 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: warning: hostname localhost does not resolve to address ::1: No address associated with hostname Sep 24 01:24:16 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: connect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: error: open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "*" Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "*" Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "root@localhost" Sep 24 01:24:43 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:25:14 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:25:14 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "[email protected]" Sep 24 01:25:14 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:25:14 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<root@localhost> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<localhost> Sep 24 01:25:32 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[21039]: 2E5C36E0A07: from=<[email protected]>, size=438, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 01:25:32 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[21039]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:25:32 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[21039]: 0EA3A6E0ACC: from=<[email protected]>, size=438, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 01:25:32 bookcdb postfix/error[22631]: 2E5C36E0A07: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<root>, relay=none, delay=30203, delays=30203/0.01/0/0.1, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 01:25:32 bookcdb postfix/error[22632]: 0EA3A6E0ACC: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<root>, relay=none, delay=30115, delays=30115/0.01/0/0.11, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 01:25:58 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: warning: non-SMTP command from unknown[::1]: subject: fdf Sep 24 01:25:58 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: disconnect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:26:01 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: warning: hostname localhost does not resolve to address ::1: No address associated with hostname Sep 24 01:26:01 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: connect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:26:10 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:26:10 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "root@locahost" Sep 24 01:26:10 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:26:37 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:26:37 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "fmaster@localhost" Sep 24 01:26:37 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[22594]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:26:37 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <fmaster@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<root@locahost> to=<fmaster@localhost> proto=SMTP Sep 24 01:26:45 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[22573]: disconnect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:30:05 bookcdb postfix/anvil[22575]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:24:16 Sep 24 01:30:05 bookcdb postfix/anvil[22575]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:24:16 Sep 24 01:30:05 bookcdb postfix/anvil[22575]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 24 01:24:16 Sep 24 01:34:57 bookcdb dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.0.19 starting up (core dumps disabled) Sep 24 01:35:02 bookcdb amavis[1009]: starting. /usr/sbin/amavisd-new at mail.bookcdb.com amavisd-new-2.6.5 (20110407), Unicode aware Sep 24 01:35:02 bookcdb amavis[1009]: Perl version 5.014002 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Net::Server: Group Not Defined. Defaulting to EGID '114 114' Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Net::Server: User Not Defined. Defaulting to EUID '108' Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Amavis::Conf 2.208 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Archive::Zip 1.30 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module BerkeleyDB 0.49 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Compress::Zlib 2.033 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Convert::TNEF 0.17 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Convert::UUlib 1.4 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA 0.27 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module DB_File 1.821 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Digest::MD5 2.51 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Digest::SHA 5.61 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module IO::Socket::INET6 2.69 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module MIME::Entity 5.502 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module MIME::Parser 5.502 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module MIME::Tools 5.502 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Mail::DKIM::Signer 0.39 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Mail::DKIM::Verifier 0.39 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Mail::Header 2.08 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Mail::Internet 2.08 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Mail::SPF v2.008 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Mail::SpamAssassin 3.003002 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Net::DNS 0.66 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Net::Server 0.99 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module NetAddr::IP 4.058 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Socket6 0.23 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Time::HiRes 1.972101 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module URI 1.59 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Module Unix::Syslog 1.1 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Amavis::DB code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Amavis::Cache code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: SQL base code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: SQL::Log code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: SQL::Quarantine NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Lookup::SQL code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Lookup::LDAP code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: AM.PDP-in proto code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: SMTP-in proto code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Courier proto code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: SMTP-out proto code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Pipe-out proto code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: BSMTP-out proto code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Local-out proto code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: OS_Fingerprint code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: ANTI-VIRUS code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: ANTI-SPAM code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: ANTI-SPAM-EXT code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: ANTI-SPAM-C code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: ANTI-SPAM-SA code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Unpackers code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: DKIM code loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Tools code NOT loaded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found $file at /usr/bin/file Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No $altermime, not using it Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Internal decoder for .mail Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .F Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found decoder for .Z at /bin/uncompress Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Internal decoder for .gz Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found decoder for .bz2 at /bin/bzip2 -d Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .lzo tried: lzop -d Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .rpm tried: rpm2cpio.pl, rpm2cpio Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found decoder for .cpio at /bin/pax Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found decoder for .tar at /bin/pax Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found decoder for .deb at /usr/bin/ar Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Internal decoder for .zip Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .7z tried: 7zr, 7za, 7z Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .rar tried: unrar-free Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .arj tried: arj, unarj Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .arc tried: nomarch, arc Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .zoo tried: zoo Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .lha Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .doc tried: ripole Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .cab tried: cabextract Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .tnef Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Internal decoder for .tnef Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: No decoder for .exe tried: unrar-free; arj, unarj Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Using primary internal av scanner code for ClamAV-clamd Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Found secondary av scanner ClamAV-clamscan at /usr/bin/clamscan Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb amavis[1155]: Creating db in /var/lib/amavis/db/; BerkeleyDB 0.49, libdb 5.1 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb postgrey[1219]: Process Backgrounded Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb postgrey[1219]: 2012/09/24-01:35:05 postgrey (type Net::Server::Multiplex) starting! pid(1219) Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb postgrey[1219]: Using default listen value of 128 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb postgrey[1219]: Binding to TCP port 10023 on host localhost#012 Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb postgrey[1219]: Setting gid to "116 116" Sep 24 01:35:05 bookcdb postgrey[1219]: Setting uid to "110" Sep 24 01:35:06 bookcdb spamd[1231]: logger: removing stderr method Sep 24 01:35:08 bookcdb spamd[1233]: spamd: server started on port 783/tcp (running version 3.3.2) Sep 24 01:35:08 bookcdb spamd[1233]: spamd: server pid: 1233 Sep 24 01:35:08 bookcdb spamd[1233]: spamd: server successfully spawned child process, pid 1238 Sep 24 01:35:08 bookcdb spamd[1233]: spamd: server successfully spawned child process, pid 1240 Sep 24 01:35:08 bookcdb spamd[1233]: prefork: child states: SI Sep 24 01:35:08 bookcdb spamd[1233]: prefork: child states: II Sep 24 01:35:15 bookcdb postfix/master[1729]: daemon started -- version 2.9.3, configuration /etc/postfix Sep 24 01:36:08 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: error: open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:36:08 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: warning: hostname localhost does not resolve to address ::1: No address associated with hostname Sep 24 01:36:08 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: connect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: error: open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "*" Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "*" Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "root@localhost" Sep 24 01:36:51 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:37:00 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:37:00 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "fmaster@localhost" Sep 24 01:37:00 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:37:00 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <fmaster@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<root@localhost> to=<fmaster@localhost> proto=SMTP Sep 24 01:37:28 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<mkadiri89>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2730, secured Sep 24 01:37:28 bookcdb dovecot: imap(mkadiri89): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=44/697 Sep 24 01:37:29 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<mkadiri89>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2732, secured Sep 24 01:37:29 bookcdb dovecot: imap(mkadiri89): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=464/1303 Sep 24 01:37:29 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<mkadiri89>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2734, secured Sep 24 01:37:29 bookcdb dovecot: imap(mkadiri89): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=117/1395 Sep 24 01:37:31 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<mkadiri89>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2737, secured Sep 24 01:37:31 bookcdb dovecot: imap(mkadiri89): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=117/1395 Sep 24 01:37:49 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<root>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2739, secured Sep 24 01:37:49 bookcdb dovecot: imap: Error: user root: Invalid settings in userdb: userdb returned 0 as uid Sep 24 01:37:49 bookcdb dovecot: imap: Error: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information. Sep 24 01:37:54 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<root>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2741, secured Sep 24 01:37:54 bookcdb dovecot: imap: Error: user root: Invalid settings in userdb: userdb returned 0 as uid Sep 24 01:37:54 bookcdb dovecot: imap: Error: Invalid user settings. Refer to server log for more information. Sep 24 01:38:04 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<info>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2743, secured Sep 24 01:38:04 bookcdb dovecot: imap(info): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=44/697 Sep 24 01:38:04 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<info>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2745, secured Sep 24 01:38:04 bookcdb dovecot: imap(info): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=464/1303 Sep 24 01:38:04 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<info>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2747, secured Sep 24 01:38:04 bookcdb dovecot: imap(info): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=117/1395 Sep 24 01:38:55 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: disconnect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:38:58 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: warning: hostname localhost does not resolve to address ::1: No address associated with hostname Sep 24 01:38:58 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: connect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:39:11 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport is unavailable. open database /etc/postfix/transport.db: No such file or directory Sep 24 01:39:11 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: hash:/etc/postfix/transport lookup error for "info@localhost" Sep 24 01:39:11 bookcdb postfix/trivial-rewrite[1999]: warning: transport_maps lookup failure Sep 24 01:39:37 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <fmaster@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<info@localhost> to=<fmaster@localhost> proto=SMTP Sep 24 01:39:47 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <fmaster@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<info@localhost> to=<fmaster@localhost> proto=SMTP Sep 24 01:40:13 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from unknown[::1]: 451 4.3.0 <info@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<info@localhost> to=<info@localhost> proto=SMTP Sep 24 01:43:08 bookcdb postfix/smtpd[1995]: disconnect from unknown[::1] Sep 24 01:46:08 bookcdb postfix/anvil[1998]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:36:08 Sep 24 01:46:08 bookcdb postfix/anvil[1998]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:::1) at Sep 24 01:36:08 Sep 24 01:46:08 bookcdb postfix/anvil[1998]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Sep 24 01:36:08 Sep 24 01:48:05 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<info>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2805, secured Sep 24 01:48:05 bookcdb dovecot: imap(info): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=85/681 Sep 24 01:51:30 bookcdb dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<info>, method=PLAIN, rip=::1, lip=::1, mpid=2815, secured Sep 24 01:51:30 bookcdb dovecot: imap(info): Disconnected: Logged out bytes=117/1395 Sep 24 02:05:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: 2EA006E0B32: from=<[email protected]>, size=439, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 02:05:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 02:05:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: E76996E09B2: from=<[email protected]>, size=439, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 02:05:15 bookcdb postfix/error[2842]: 2EA006E0B32: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=8391, delays=8391/0.05/0/0.09, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 02:05:16 bookcdb postfix/error[2843]: E76996E09B2: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=8416, delays=8416/0.03/0/0.11, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 02:30:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: D0C596E0B34: from=<[email protected]>, size=442, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 02:30:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 02:30:15 bookcdb postfix/error[2914]: D0C596E0B34: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=9551, delays=9551/0.01/0/0.08, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 02:35:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: 2E5C36E0A07: from=<[email protected]>, size=438, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 02:35:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 02:35:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: 0EA3A6E0ACC: from=<[email protected]>, size=438, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 02:35:15 bookcdb postfix/error[2926]: 2E5C36E0A07: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<root>, relay=none, delay=34386, delays=34386/0.03/0/0.1, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 02:35:15 bookcdb postfix/error[2927]: 0EA3A6E0ACC: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<root>, relay=none, delay=34299, delays=34298/0.02/0/0.12, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 03:15:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: 2EA006E0B32: from=<[email protected]>, size=439, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 03:15:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 03:15:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: E76996E09B2: from=<[email protected]>, size=439, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 03:15:15 bookcdb postfix/error[3025]: 2EA006E0B32: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=12590, delays=12590/0.01/0/0.07, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 03:15:15 bookcdb postfix/error[3026]: E76996E09B2: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=12616, delays=12616/0.01/0/0.09, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 03:40:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: D0C596E0B34: from=<[email protected]>, size=442, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 03:40:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 03:40:15 bookcdb postfix/error[3097]: D0C596E0B34: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=13752, delays=13752/0.01/0/0.07, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 03:45:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: 2E5C36E0A07: from=<[email protected]>, size=438, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 03:45:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: warning: connect to transport private/smtp-amavis: No such file or directory Sep 24 03:45:15 bookcdb postfix/qmgr[1745]: 0EA3A6E0ACC: from=<[email protected]>, size=438, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 24 03:45:15 bookcdb postfix/error[3129]: 2E5C36E0A07: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<root>, relay=none, delay=38586, delays=38586/0.01/0/0.09, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Sep 24 03:45:15 bookcdb postfix/error[3130]: 0EA3A6E0ACC: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<root>, relay=none, delay=38498, delays=38498/0.01/0/0.08, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mailbox_command = mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mydestination = server1.bookcdb.com, bookcdb.com, localhost.bookcdb.com, localho st, bookcdb.com myhostname = server1.bookcdb.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = lists.bookcdb.com relayhost = smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,rejec t_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_auth_only = no smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/smtpd.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/smtpd.key smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_security_level = may smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport

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• Informed TDD &ndash; Kata &ldquo;To Roman Numerals&rdquo;

  - by Ralf Westphal

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/05/28/informed-tdd-ndash-kata-ldquoto-roman-numeralsrdquo.aspxIn a comment on my article on what I call Informed TDD (ITDD) reader gustav asked how this approach would apply to the kata “To Roman Numerals”. And whether ITDD wasn´t a violation of TDD´s principle of leaving out “advanced topics like mocks”. I like to respond with this article to his questions. There´s more to say than fits into a commentary. Mocks and TDD I don´t see in how far TDD is avoiding or opposed to mocks. TDD and mocks are orthogonal. TDD is about pocess, mocks are about structure and costs. Maybe by moving forward in tiny red+green+refactor steps less need arises for mocks. But then… if the functionality you need to implement requires “expensive” resource access you can´t avoid using mocks. Because you don´t want to constantly run all your tests against the real resource. True, in ITDD mocks seem to be in almost inflationary use. That´s not what you usually see in TDD demonstrations. However, there´s a reason for that as I tried to explain. I don´t use mocks as proxies for “expensive” resource. Rather they are stand-ins for functionality not yet implemented. They allow me to get a test green on a high level of abstraction. That way I can move forward in a top-down fashion. But if you think of mocks as “advanced” or if you don´t want to use a tool like JustMock, then you don´t need to use mocks. You just need to stand the sight of red tests for a little longer ;-) Let me show you what I mean by that by doing a kata. ITDD for “To Roman Numerals” gustav asked for the kata “To Roman Numerals”. I won´t explain the requirements again. You can find descriptions and TDD demonstrations all over the internet, like this one from Corey Haines. Now here is, how I would do this kata differently. 1. Analyse A demonstration of TDD should never skip the analysis phase. It should be made explicit. The requirements should be formalized and acceptance test cases should be compiled. “Formalization” in this case to me means describing the API of the required functionality. “[D]esign a program to work with Roman numerals” like written in this “requirement document” is not enough to start software development. Coding should only begin, if the interface between the “system under development” and its context is clear. If this interface is not readily recognizable from the requirements, it has to be developed first. Exploration of interface alternatives might be in order. It might be necessary to show several interface mock-ups to the customer – even if that´s you fellow developer. Designing the interface is a task of it´s own. It should not be mixed with implementing the required functionality behind the interface. Unfortunately, though, this happens quite often in TDD demonstrations. TDD is used to explore the API and implement it at the same time. To me that´s a violation of the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) which not only should hold for software functional units but also for tasks or activities. In the case of this kata the API fortunately is obvious. Just one function is needed: string ToRoman(int arabic). And it lives in a class ArabicRomanConversions. Now what about acceptance test cases? There are hardly any stated in the kata descriptions. Roman numerals are explained, but no specific test cases from the point of view of a customer. So I just “invent” some acceptance test cases by picking roman numerals from a wikipedia article. They are supposed to be just “typical examples” without special meaning. Given the acceptance test cases I then try to develop an understanding of the problem domain. I´ll spare you that. The domain is trivial and is explain in almost all kata descriptions. How roman numerals are built is not difficult to understand. What´s more difficult, though, might be to find an efficient solution to convert into them automatically. 2. Solve The usual TDD demonstration skips a solution finding phase. Like the interface exploration it´s mixed in with the implementation. But I don´t think this is how it should be done. I even think this is not how it really works for the people demonstrating TDD. They´re simplifying their true software development process because they want to show a streamlined TDD process. I doubt this is helping anybody. Before you code you better have a plan what to code. This does not mean you have to do “Big Design Up-Front”. It just means: Have a clear picture of the logical solution in your head before you start to build a physical solution (code). Evidently such a solution can only be as good as your understanding of the problem. If that´s limited your solution will be limited, too. Fortunately, in the case of this kata your understanding does not need to be limited. Thus the logical solution does not need to be limited or preliminary or tentative. That does not mean you need to know every line of code in advance. It just means you know the rough structure of your implementation beforehand. Because it should mirror the process described by the logical or conceptual solution. Here´s my solution approach: The arabic “encoding” of numbers represents them as an ordered set of powers of 10. Each digit is a factor to multiply a power of ten with. The “encoding” 123 is the short form for a set like this: {1*10^2, 2*10^1, 3*10^0}. And the number is the sum of the set members. The roman “encoding” is different. There is no base (like 10 for arabic numbers), there are just digits of different value, and they have to be written in descending order. The “encoding” XVI is short for [10, 5, 1]. And the number is still the sum of the members of this list. The roman “encoding” thus is simpler than the arabic. Each “digit” can be taken at face value. No multiplication with a base required. But what about IV which looks like a contradiction to the above rule? It is not – if you accept roman “digits” not to be limited to be single characters only. Usually I, V, X, L, C, D, M are viewed as “digits”, and IV, IX etc. are viewed as nuisances preventing a simple solution. All looks different, though, once IV, IX etc. are taken as “digits”. Then MCMLIV is just a sum: M+CM+L+IV which is 1000+900+50+4. Whereas before it would have been understood as M-C+M+L-I+V – which is more difficult because here some “digits” get subtracted. Here´s the list of roman “digits” with their values: {1, I}, {4, IV}, {5, V}, {9, IX}, {10, X}, {40, XL}, {50, L}, {90, XC}, {100, C}, {400, CD}, {500, D}, {900, CM}, {1000, M} Since I take IV, IX etc. as “digits” translating an arabic number becomes trivial. I just need to find the values of the roman “digits” making up the number, e.g. 1954 is made up of 1000, 900, 50, and 4. I call those “digits” factors. If I move from the highest factor (M=1000) to the lowest (I=1) then translation is a two phase process: Find all the factors Translate the factors found Compile the roman representation Translation is just a look-up. Finding, though, needs some calculation: Find the highest remaining factor fitting in the value Remember and subtract it from the value Repeat with remaining value and remaining factors Please note: This is just an algorithm. It´s not code, even though it might be close. Being so close to code in my solution approach is due to the triviality of the problem. In more realistic examples the conceptual solution would be on a higher level of abstraction. With this solution in hand I finally can do what TDD advocates: find and prioritize test cases. As I can see from the small process description above, there are two aspects to test: Test the translation Test the compilation Test finding the factors Testing the translation primarily means to check if the map of factors and digits is comprehensive. That´s simple, even though it might be tedious. Testing the compilation is trivial. Testing factor finding, though, is a tad more complicated. I can think of several steps: First check, if an arabic number equal to a factor is processed correctly (e.g. 1000=M). Then check if an arabic number consisting of two consecutive factors (e.g. 1900=[M,CM]) is processed correctly. Then check, if a number consisting of the same factor twice is processed correctly (e.g. 2000=[M,M]). Finally check, if an arabic number consisting of non-consecutive factors (e.g. 1400=[M,CD]) is processed correctly. I feel I can start an implementation now. If something becomes more complicated than expected I can slow down and repeat this process. 3. Implement First I write a test for the acceptance test cases. It´s red because there´s no implementation even of the API. That´s in conformance with “TDD lore”, I´d say: Next I implement the API: The acceptance test now is formally correct, but still red of course. This will not change even now that I zoom in. Because my goal is not to most quickly satisfy these tests, but to implement my solution in a stepwise manner. That I do by “faking” it: I just “assume” three functions to represent the transformation process of my solution: My hypothesis is that those three functions in conjunction produce correct results on the API-level. I just have to implement them correctly. That´s what I´m trying now – one by one. I start with a simple “detail function”: Translate(). And I start with all the test cases in the obvious equivalence partition: As you can see I dare to test a private method. Yes. That´s a white box test. But as you´ll see it won´t make my tests brittle. It serves a purpose right here and now: it lets me focus on getting one aspect of my solution right. Here´s the implementation to satisfy the test: It´s as simple as possible. Right how TDD wants me to do it: KISS. Now for the second equivalence partition: translating multiple factors. (It´a pattern: if you need to do something repeatedly separate the tests for doing it once and doing it multiple times.) In this partition I just need a single test case, I guess. Stepping up from a single translation to multiple translations is no rocket science: Usually I would have implemented the final code right away. Splitting it in two steps is just for “educational purposes” here. How small your implementation steps are is a matter of your programming competency. Some “see” the final code right away before their mental eye – others need to work their way towards it. Having two tests I find more important. Now for the next low hanging fruit: compilation. It´s even simpler than translation. A single test is enough, I guess. And normally I would not even have bothered to write that one, because the implementation is so simple. I don´t need to test .NET framework functionality. But again: if it serves the educational purpose… Finally the most complicated part of the solution: finding the factors. There are several equivalence partitions. But still I decide to write just a single test, since the structure of the test data is the same for all partitions: Again, I´m faking the implementation first: I focus on just the first test case. No looping yet. Faking lets me stay on a high level of abstraction. I can write down the implementation of the solution without bothering myself with details of how to actually accomplish the feat. That´s left for a drill down with a test of the fake function: There are two main equivalence partitions, I guess: either the first factor is appropriate or some next. The implementation seems easy. Both test cases are green. (Of course this only works on the premise that there´s always a matching factor. Which is the case since the smallest factor is 1.) And the first of the equivalence partitions on the higher level also is satisfied: Great, I can move on. Now for more than a single factor: Interestingly not just one test becomes green now, but all of them. Great! You might say, then I must have done not the simplest thing possible. And I would reply: I don´t care. I did the most obvious thing. But I also find this loop very simple. Even simpler than a recursion of which I had thought briefly during the problem solving phase. And by the way: Also the acceptance tests went green: Mission accomplished. At least functionality wise. Now I´ve to tidy up things a bit. TDD calls for refactoring. Not uch refactoring is needed, because I wrote the code in top-down fashion. I faked it until I made it. I endured red tests on higher levels while lower levels weren´t perfected yet. But this way I saved myself from refactoring tediousness. At the end, though, some refactoring is required. But maybe in a different way than you would expect. That´s why I rather call it “cleanup”. First I remove duplication. There are two places where factors are defined: in Translate() and in Find_factors(). So I factor the map out into a class constant. Which leads to a small conversion in Find_factors(): And now for the big cleanup: I remove all tests of private methods. They are scaffolding tests to me. They only have temporary value. They are brittle. Only acceptance tests need to remain. However, I carry over the single “digit” tests from Translate() to the acceptance test. I find them valuable to keep, since the other acceptance tests only exercise a subset of all roman “digits”. This then is my final test class: And this is the final production code: Test coverage as reported by NCrunch is 100%: Reflexion Is this the smallest possible code base for this kata? Sure not. You´ll find more concise solutions on the internet. But LOC are of relatively little concern – as long as I can understand the code quickly. So called “elegant” code, however, often is not easy to understand. The same goes for KISS code – especially if left unrefactored, as it is often the case. That´s why I progressed from requirements to final code the way I did. I first understood and solved the problem on a conceptual level. Then I implemented it top down according to my design. I also could have implemented it bottom-up, since I knew some bottom of the solution. That´s the leaves of the functional decomposition tree. Where things became fuzzy, since the design did not cover any more details as with Find_factors(), I repeated the process in the small, so to speak: fake some top level, endure red high level tests, while first solving a simpler problem. Using scaffolding tests (to be thrown away at the end) brought two advantages: Encapsulation of the implementation details was not compromised. Naturally private methods could stay private. I did not need to make them internal or public just to be able to test them. I was able to write focused tests for small aspects of the solution. No need to test everything through the solution root, the API. The bottom line thus for me is: Informed TDD produces cleaner code in a systematic way. It conforms to core principles of programming: Single Responsibility Principle and/or Separation of Concerns. Distinct roles in development – being a researcher, being an engineer, being a craftsman – are represented as different phases. First find what, what there is. Then devise a solution. Then code the solution, manifest the solution in code. Writing tests first is a good practice. But it should not be taken dogmatic. And above all it should not be overloaded with purposes. And finally: moving from top to bottom through a design produces refactored code right away. Clean code thus almost is inevitable – and not left to a refactoring step at the end which is skipped often for different reasons.   PS: Yes, I have done this kata several times. But that has only an impact on the time needed for phases 1 and 2. I won´t skip them because of that. And there are no shortcuts during implementation because of that.

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• Error 2013: Lost connection to MySQL server during query when executing CHECK TABLE FOR UPGRADE

  - by Dean Richardson

  I just upgraded Ubuntu from 11.10 to 12.04. My rails app now returns the (passenger) error "Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (111) (Mysql2::Error)". I get a similar error when I try to access mysql at the command line on my Ubuntu server using mysql -u root -p. I have mysql-server 5.5 installed. I've checked and mysql is not running. When I try to restart it, it fails. Here are some key lines from the tail of /var/log/syslog after an attempted restart: dean@dgwjasonfried:/etc/mysql$ tail -f /var/log/syslog Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/bin/mysqlcheck Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' '--host=localhost' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' '--host=localhost' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=3306' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' '--host=localhost' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' '--host=localhost' '--socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: /usr/bin/mysqlcheck: Got error: 2013: Lost connection to MySQL server during query when executing 'CHECK TABLE ... FOR UPGRADE' Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: FATAL ERROR: Upgrade failed Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: molex_app_development.assets OK Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5107]: molex_app_development.ecd_types OK Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried /etc/mysql/debian-start[5124]: Checking for insecure root accounts. Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried kernel: [ 7551.769657] init: mysql main process (5064) terminated with status 1 Mar 7 08:55:27 dgwjasonfried kernel: [ 7551.769697] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped Here is most of /etc/mysql/my.cnf: Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Here is entries for some specific programs The following values assume you have at least 32M ram This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] Basic Settings user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 And here are permissions for var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock: srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Mar 7 09:18 mysqld.sock I'd be grateful for any suggestions the community might have. I reviewed the related questions here and attempted some of the fixes offered but to no avail. Thanks! Dean Richardson Update: Thanks to quanta's suggestion, I looked at the /var/log/mysql/error.log file. I found error messages relating to pointers, fatal signals, and more stuff that I really couldn't make much sense of. I also found mysql man page references, however. One suggested that I try starting mysqld with the --innodb_force_recovery=# option, then attempt to dump (or drop) the offending/corrupted database or table. I worked through the escalating option levels one-by-one (innodb_force_recovery=1, innodb_force_recovery=2, etc.) This allowed me to successfully run mysql -u root -p from the command line and execute several commands. I was able to run queries on my production database, but any attempt to query, dump, or even drop my development database raised an error and led to me losing the connection to mysql. So I've made progress, but until I'm somehow able to drop or repair my development db I'm still unable to get my app to load. Any further advice or suggestions? Thanks! Dean Update: Right after running sudo mysqld --innodb_force_recover=1 from the command line, the error.log contains this: Right after retrying sudo mysqld --innodb_force_recover=1, The error.log file shows this: 130308 4:55:39 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite InnoDB: buffer... 130308 4:55:40 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130308 4:55:41 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 10259220 130308 4:55:41 InnoDB: !!! innodb_force_recovery is set to 1 !!! 130308 4:55:41 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306 130308 4:55:41 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1'; 130308 4:55:41 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'. 130308 4:55:41 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 130308 4:55:41 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 (Ubuntu) Then after mysql -u root -p and mysql> drop database molex_app_development; ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query mysql> the error.log contains: dean@dgwjasonfried:/var/log/mysql$ tail -f error.log /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d)[0x7f6a3ff9ecbd] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort. Query (7f6a1c004bd8): is an invalid pointer Connection ID (thread ID): 1 Status: NOT_KILLED The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. 130308 4:55:39 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 130308 4:55:39 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite InnoDB: buffer... 130308 4:55:40 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130308 4:55:41 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 10259220 130308 4:55:41 InnoDB: !!! innodb_force_recovery is set to 1 !!! 130308 4:55:41 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306 130308 4:55:41 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1'; 130308 4:55:41 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'. 130308 4:55:41 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 130308 4:55:41 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 (Ubuntu) 130308 4:58:23 [ERROR] Incorrect definition of table mysql.proc: expected column 'comment' at position 15 to have type text, found type char(64). 130308 4:58:23 InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 140168992810752 in file fsp0fsp.c line 3639 InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap. InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com. InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, even InnoDB: immediately after the mysqld startup, there may be InnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer to InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html InnoDB: about forcing recovery. 10:58:23 UTC - mysqld got signal 6 ; This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail. key_buffer_size=16777216 read_buffer_size=131072 max_used_connections=1 max_threads=151 thread_count=1 connection_count=1 It is possible that mysqld could use up to key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 346681 K bytes of memory Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation. Thread pointer: 0x7f7ba4f6c2f0 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 7f7ba3065e60 thread_stack 0x30000 mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x29)[0x7f7ba3609039] mysqld(handle_fatal_signal+0x483)[0x7f7ba34cf9c3] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0xfcb0)[0x7f7ba2220cb0] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x35)[0x7f7ba188c425] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(abort+0x17b)[0x7f7ba188fb8b] mysqld(+0x65e0fc)[0x7f7ba37160fc] mysqld(+0x602be6)[0x7f7ba36babe6] mysqld(+0x635006)[0x7f7ba36ed006] mysqld(+0x5d7072)[0x7f7ba368f072] mysqld(+0x5d7b9c)[0x7f7ba368fb9c] mysqld(+0x6a3348)[0x7f7ba375b348] mysqld(+0x6a3887)[0x7f7ba375b887] mysqld(+0x5c6a86)[0x7f7ba367ea86] mysqld(+0x5ae3a7)[0x7f7ba36663a7] mysqld(_Z15ha_delete_tableP3THDP10handlertonPKcS4_S4_b+0x16d)[0x7f7ba34d3ffd] mysqld(_Z23mysql_rm_table_no_locksP3THDP10TABLE_LISTbbbb+0x568)[0x7f7ba3417f78] mysqld(_Z11mysql_rm_dbP3THDPcbb+0x8aa)[0x7f7ba339780a] mysqld(_Z21mysql_execute_commandP3THD+0x394c)[0x7f7ba33b886c] mysqld(_Z11mysql_parseP3THDPcjP12Parser_state+0x10f)[0x7f7ba33bb28f] mysqld(_Z16dispatch_command19enum_server_commandP3THDPcj+0x1380)[0x7f7ba33bc6e0] mysqld(_Z24do_handle_one_connectionP3THD+0x1bd)[0x7f7ba346119d] mysqld(handle_one_connection+0x50)[0x7f7ba3461200] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0x7e9a)[0x7f7ba2218e9a] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d)[0x7f7ba1949cbd] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort. Query (7f7b7c004b60): is an invalid pointer Connection ID (thread ID): 1 Status: NOT_KILLED The manual page at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/crashing.html contains information that should help you find out what is causing the crash. --Dean

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• How to make radio button options dependent on other radio button choices using Mootools?

  - by Mike Crittenden

  I have a form where there are 6 items, each of which can be ranked from 1-6 in order of importance. Here's a screenshot. Basically, I need to set it up so that if one item gets a ranking of 3 (for example), then "3" becomes disabled for all the other items. Therefore, the user should only be able to select a number that hasn't already been selected for each item (so we can ensure that the items really will be ranked 1-6 and no numbers will be repeated for different items). Here's the markup I'm working with (minus the presentational divs): <label for="importantProductQuality">Product Quality</label> <input id="importantProductQuality_0" name="importantProductQuality" value="1" type="radio"> <label for="importantProductQuality_0">1</label> <input id="importantProductQuality_1" name="importantProductQuality" value="2" type="radio"> <label for="importantProductQuality_1">2</label> <input id="importantProductQuality_2" name="importantProductQuality" value="3" type="radio"> <label for="importantProductQuality_2">3</label> <input id="importantProductQuality_3" name="importantProductQuality" value="4" type="radio"> <label for="importantProductQuality_3">4</label> <input id="importantProductQuality_4" name="importantProductQuality" value="5" type="radio"> <label for="importantProductQuality_4">5</label> <input id="importantProductQuality_5" name="importantProductQuality" value="6" type="radio"> <label for="importantProductQuality_5">6</label> <label for="importantPrice">Price</label> <input id="importantPrice_0" name="importantPrice" value="1" type="radio"> <label for="importantPrice_0">1</label> <input id="importantPrice_1" name="importantPrice" value="2" type="radio"> <label for="importantPrice_1">2</label> <input id="importantPrice_2" name="importantPrice" value="3" type="radio"> <label for="importantPrice_2">3</label> <input id="importantPrice_3" name="importantPrice" value="4" type="radio"> <label for="importantPrice_3">4</label> <input id="importantPrice_4" name="importantPrice" value="5" type="radio"> <label for="importantPrice_4">5</label> <input id="importantPrice_5" name="importantPrice" value="6" type="radio"> <label for="importantPrice_5">6</label> <label for="importantCustomerService">Customer Service</label> <input id="importantCustomerService_0" name="importantCustomerService" value="1" type="radio"> <label for="importantCustomerService_0">1</label> <input id="importantCustomerService_1" name="importantCustomerService" value="2" type="radio"> <label for="importantCustomerService_1">2</label> <input id="importantCustomerService_2" name="importantCustomerService" value="3" type="radio"> <label for="importantCustomerService_2">3</label> <input id="importantCustomerService_3" name="importantCustomerService" value="4" type="radio"> <label for="importantCustomerService_3">4</label> <input id="importantCustomerService_4" name="importantCustomerService" value="5" type="radio"> <label for="importantCustomerService_4">5</label> <input id="importantCustomerService_5" name="importantCustomerService" value="6" type="radio"> <label for="importantCustomerService_5">6</label> <label for="importantLeadTimes">Lead Times</label> <input id="importantLeadTimes_0" name="importantLeadTimes" value="1" type="radio"> <label for="importantLeadTimes_0">1</label> <input id="importantLeadTimes_1" name="importantLeadTimes" value="2" type="radio"> <label for="importantLeadTimes_1">2</label> <input id="importantLeadTimes_2" name="importantLeadTimes" value="3" type="radio"> <label for="importantLeadTimes_2">3</label> <input id="importantLeadTimes_3" name="importantLeadTimes" value="4" type="radio"> <label for="importantLeadTimes_3">4</label> <input id="importantLeadTimes_4" name="importantLeadTimes" value="5" type="radio"> <label for="importantLeadTimes_4">5</label> <input id="importantLeadTimes_5" name="importantLeadTimes" value="6" type="radio"> <label for="importantLeadTimes_5">6</label> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities">Min Order Quantities</label> <input id="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_0" name="importantMinimumOrderQuantities" value="1" type="radio"> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_0">1</label> <input id="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_1" name="importantMinimumOrderQuantities" value="2" type="radio"> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_1">2</label> <input id="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_2" name="importantMinimumOrderQuantities" value="3" type="radio"> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_2">3</label> <input id="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_3" name="importantMinimumOrderQuantities" value="4" type="radio"> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_3">4</label> <input id="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_4" name="importantMinimumOrderQuantities" value="5" type="radio"> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_4">5</label> <input id="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_5" name="importantMinimumOrderQuantities" value="6" type="radio"> <label for="importantMinimumOrderQuantities_5">6</label> <label for="importantAccountManager">Account Manager</label> <input id="importantAccountManager_0" name="importantAccountManager" value="1" type="radio"> <label for="importantAccountManager_0">1</label> <input id="importantAccountManager_1" name="importantAccountManager" value="2" type="radio"> <label for="importantAccountManager_1">2</label> <input id="importantAccountManager_2" name="importantAccountManager" value="3" type="radio"> <label for="importantAccountManager_2">3</label> <input id="importantAccountManager_3" name="importantAccountManager" value="4" type="radio"> <label for="importantAccountManager_3">4</label> <input id="importantAccountManager_4" name="importantAccountManager" value="5" type="radio"> <label for="importantAccountManager_4">5</label> <input id="importantAccountManager_5" name="importantAccountManager" value="6" type="radio"> <label for="importantAccountManager_5">6</label> Any ideas?

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• nested for-each loops in xml

  - by user1748443

  I'm new to XML. I'm trying to create table containing item details and another table to contain customer details for each order on a picklist. It seems like it should be straightforward but I just get a list of all items on all orders repeated by the number of orders. What am I doing wrong? (XSL code below...) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="html" doctype-system="about:legacy-compat"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="css/text" href="style.css"/> <title>Orders</title> </head> <body> <xsl:for-each select="//order"> <table> <caption><h3>Order Information</h3></caption> <thead> <th align="left">Item Id</th> <th align="left">Item Description</th> <th align="left">Quantity</th> <th align="left">Price</th> </thead> <xsl:for-each select="//item"> <tr> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="itemId"/></td> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="itemName"/></td> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="quantity"/></td> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> <table> <caption><h3>Customer Information</h3></caption> <thead> <th align="left">Customer Name</th> <th align="left">Street</th> <th align="left">City</th> </thead> <xsl:for-each select="//item"> <tr> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="customerName"/></td> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="street"/></td> <td align="left"><xsl:value-of select="city"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> This is the XML: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="Orders.xsl"?> <orders xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="Orders.xsd"> <order> <orderId>123</orderId> <items> <item> <itemId>001</itemId> <itemName>Nylon Rope</itemName> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>3.50</price> </item> <item> <itemId>002</itemId> <itemName>Shovel</itemName> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>24.95</price> </item> </items> <customerAddress> <customerName>Larry Murphy</customerName> <street>Shallowgrave Lane</street> <city>Ballymore Eustace, Co. Kildare</city> </customerAddress> </order> <order> <orderId>124</orderId> <items> <item> <itemId>001</itemId> <itemName>Whiskey</itemName> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>18.50</price> </item> <item> <itemId>002</itemId> <itemName>Shotgun</itemName> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>225</price> </item> <item> <itemId>003</itemId> <itemName>Cartridge</itemName> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>1.85</price> </item> </items> <customerAddress> <customerName>Enda Kenny</customerName> <street>A Avenue</street> <city>Castlebar, Co. Mayo</city> </customerAddress> </order> </orders>

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• After connecting wlan0 to bridge interface (and then removing it), can't connect to AP

  - by gmonk

  I'm on a laptop running Debian Jessie with kernel 3.13-1-amd64; lspci shows that my wireless NIC + driver is 04:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 3160 (rev 83) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-AC 3160 Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi This has been working without any problems, until I tried creating a bridge for lxc containers to use. I did the same thing as this person here: How-to set up a network bridge on a laptop for LXC use? -- and ended up having the same problem as this poster did, so I decided to "undo" my actions. This hasn't been successful. Actions taken so far: To configure the bridge: #> ip link add type veth #> iw dev wlan0 set 4addr on #> ifconfig veth0 up #> brctl addbr br0 #> brctl addif br0 wlan0 #> brctl addif br0 veth0 #> ifconfig br0 192.168.0.4/24 #> ifconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 To "deconfigure": #> brctl delif br0 wlan0 #> brctl delif br0 veth0 #> iw dev wlan0 set 4addr off #> ifconfig veth0 down #> ifconfig wlan0 down #> ifconfig br0 down #> brctl delbr br0 Now, dmesg and /var/log/syslog show repeated attempts at connecting to the AP that was working before, which fail after authentication: May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.757172] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.759036] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating May 27 09:16:01 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.762615] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.762753] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.762755] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.765080] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.767474] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=12 aid=0) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.767476] wlan0: 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 denied association (code=12) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-ASSOC-REJECT bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 status_code=12 May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.788475] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 by local choice (reason=3) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> disconnected May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:02 myhostname dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14 May 27 09:16:04 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.559579] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.561458] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> associating May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.563445] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.563631] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.563633] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.565727] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Associated with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.568091] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=9) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.569030] wlan0: associated May 27 09:16:04 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> associated May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.978204] wlan0: deauthenticated from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (Reason: 15) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 reason=15 May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.992729] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995004] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated: May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995005] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995006] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995007] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995007] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995008] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995009] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995010] cfg80211: (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associated -> disconnected May 27 09:16:05 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:09 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.763968] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.765796] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating May 27 09:16:09 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.769957] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.770102] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.770104] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.770846] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.773358] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=12 aid=0) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.773361] wlan0: 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 denied association (code=12) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating May 27 09:16:09 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-ASSOC-REJECT bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 status_code=12 May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.802187] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 by local choice (reason=3) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> disconnected May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:12 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.573442] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.575270] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating May 27 09:16:12 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.580334] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.580503] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.580516] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.583508] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating May 27 09:16:12 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Associated with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.585908] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=9) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.586781] wlan0: associated May 27 09:16:12 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> associated May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.947693] wlan0: deauthenticated from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (Reason: 15) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 reason=15 May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.973461] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975673] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated: May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975675] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975676] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975677] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975678] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975678] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975679] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975679] cfg80211: (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associated -> disconnected May 27 09:16:13 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <warn> Activation (wlan0/wireless): association took too long. May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: config -> failed (reason 'no-secrets') [50 120 7] May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> Marking connection 'Auto myaccesspoint' invalid. May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <warn> Activation (wlan0) failed for connection 'Auto myaccesspoint' May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: failed -> disconnected (reason 'none') [120 30 0] May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason 'none') [0] May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> disconnected The things that jump out at me are "deauthenticating ... by local choice( reason=3)" and the lines that contain "(reason=15)". I've tried various fixes: iwconfig wlan0 power off killing wpa_supplicant connecting with iwconfig + dhclient instead of gnome's network -manager explicitly configuring wlan0 in /etc/network/interfaces creating a /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf file ...but nothing seems to work. I'm not sure what I did wrong, or what step I've skipped in trying to get wlan0 back as a non-bridged device -- I removed it from the bridge and then deleted the bridge itself. Any ideas?

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