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  • Why can't decimal numbers be represented exactly in binary?

    - by Barry Brown
    There have been several questions posted to SO about floating-point representation. For example, the decimal number 0.1 doesn't have an exact binary representation, so it's dangerous to use the == operator to compare it to another floating-point number. I understand the principles behind floating-point representation. What I don't understand is why, from a mathematical perspective, are the numbers to the right of the decimal point any more "special" that the ones to the left? For example, the number 61.0 has an exact binary representation because the integral portion of any number is always exact. But the number 6.10 is not exact. All I did was move the decimal one place and suddenly I've gone from Exactopia to Inexactville. Mathematically, there should be no intrinsic difference between the two numbers -- they're just numbers. By contrast, if I move the decimal one place in the other direction to produce the number 610, I'm still in Exactopia. I can keep going in that direction (6100, 610000000, 610000000000000) and they're still exact, exact, exact. But as soon as the decimal crosses some threshold, the numbers are no longer exact. What's going on? Edit: to clarify, I want to stay away from discussion about industry-standard representations, such as IEEE, and stick with what I believe is the mathematically "pure" way. In base 10, the positional values are: ... 1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 ... In binary, they would be: ... 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 ... There are also no arbitrary limits placed on these numbers. The positions increase indefinitely to the left and to the right.

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  • How to convert a string to a binary, then hex, value?

    - by Wuschelbeutel Kartoffelhuhn
    In one column I have a bitstring encoded as a string type. In a different column I wish to have the same bits (potentially starting with a leading 0), but as a binary value type. Ultimately, I want to have it in hex representation (string or hex type, doesn't matter) in a third column. How is this done? Do I have to program something for it or is there a faster way? Input cell contains the following string: 00000100100011000100100011 I wish to obtain the string: 0123123

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  • Python MySQL wrong architecture error

    - by phoebebright
    I've been at this for some time and read many sites on the subject. suspect I have junk lying about causing this problem. But where? This is the error when I import MySQLdb in python: >>> import MySQLdb /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/_mysql.py:3: UserWarning: Module _mysql was already imported from /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/_mysql.pyc, but /Users/phoebebr/Downloads/MySQL-python-1.2.3c1 is being added to sys.path Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module> import _mysql File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/_mysql.py", line 7, in <module> File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/_mysql.py", line 6, in __bootstrap__ ImportError: dlopen(/Users/phoebebr/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg-tmp/_mysql.so, 2): no suitable image found. Did find: /Users/phoebebr/.python-eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.3c1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg-tmp/_mysql.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture I'm trying for 64 bit so checked here: file $(which python) /usr/bin/python: Mach-O universal binary with 3 architectures /usr/bin/python (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64 /usr/bin/python (for architecture i386): Mach-O executable i386 /usr/bin/python (for architecture ppc7400): Mach-O executable ppc file $(which mysql) /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64 Have set my default version of python to 2.6 python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Feb 11 2010, 00:51:29) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Tried deleting build directory and python setup.py clean Renamed Python/2.5/site-packages so it could not try and pick that up. Run out of ideas. Any suggestions?

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  • How do I run a universal app on the iPhone 3.1.3 simulator?

    - by bpapa
    I'm working on a new app that I want to be universal for the iPhone and iPad. I started out with the "Create a Window-based app" wizard, and it created separate app delegates in "iPhone" and "iPad" groups. Since I already was quite familiar with iPhone dev, I did that part of my project, and now I'm ready to do some iPad stuff. So... I started out by adding a UISplitViewController to my iPad delegate, switch the Active SDK to 3.2, and it works! But when I switch back to 3.1.3, and try to run it in the simulator, Build and Go fails. For starters, I see: ...path.../iPad/AppDelegate_Pad.h:13: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'UISplitViewController' I've got my Base SDK set to 3.2 and my Deployment Target set to 3.1.3. I thought that was enough. But I also have found in the documentation this method to conditionally compile: #if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 30200 MyIPadViewController* vc; // Create the iPad view controller #else MyIPhoneViewController* vc; // Create the iPhone view controller #endif So do I need to do this everywhere? It seems like an awful lot of code to add (that I'll be getting rid of in a short time for 4.0 anyway) so I feel like I must be doing something wrong. And, I don't even have any idea how this works for things like @property or @synthesize declarations. tl;dr version of the question - did I miss a setting somewhere?

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  • What to include in metadata?

    - by shyam
    I'm wondering if there are any general guidelines or best practices regarding when to split data into a metadata format, as oppose to directly embedding it within the data. (Specific example below). My understanding of metadata is that it describes data (without the need to actually look at the data), allowing for data to be quickly search/filtered for easy access. Let's take for example a simple 3D model format. The actual data file itself is a binary file containing vertices and colors. Things like creation date, modified data and author name would be things that describe the binary data, so I would say these belong as metadata (outside of the binary file). But what if the application had no need to search or filter by these fields? Would it be acceptable to embed these fields directly into the binary data itself? Could they be duplicated in both the binary data and the meta data, or would this be considered bad practice? What about more ambiguous fields such as the model name, which could be considered part of the data itself, but also as data describing the binary data?... How do you decide which data to embed in the actual binary file, as opposed to separating into a more flexible metadata format? Thanks!

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  • Default or fink python and lxml under 10.6.8

    - by songdogtech
    Ah, confusion. I'm trying to install a python library called lxml as needed by a python script. I've been through numerous SU quesitons and answers. I haven't been able to make much progress. I run easy_install lxml and get: Processing lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg lxml 3.0.1 is already the active version in easy-install.pth Using /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg Processing dependencies for lxml Finished processing dependencies for lxml but when I run my script, I get: File "scraper.py", line 3, in import lxml.html File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/html/init.py", line 42, in from lxml import etree ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/etree.so, 2): Symbol not found: _htmlParseChunk Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/etree.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/lxml/etree.so I think that maybe I'm not using the correct python install? I've installed python with fink, but should I use OS X's python? This is in my .profile: test -r /sw/bin/init.sh && . /sw/bin/init.sh which points to the fink install. echo $PATH gives me: /sw/bin:/sw/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin Should I change that to point to snow leopard's python? (Which is 2.6.1) In Library/, there is: which are the lxml libaries I need, it appears, as well as requests. And whereis python gives me /usr/bin/python What do I do? How do I get python to use these libraries. And which python?

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  • Error installing pygraphviz on OSX

    - by Neil
    I'm trying to get the graph-models to work (from django-command extensions) on Snow Leopard. It requires pygraphviz, which I installed via macports. After successful install I am getting this error: >>> import pygrahphviz Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named pygrahphviz >>> import pygraphviz Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz-1.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/pygraphviz/__init__.py", line 54, in <module> from agraph import AGraph, Node, Edge, Attribute, ItemAttribute File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz-1.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/pygraphviz/agraph.py", line 19, in <module> import graphviz as gv File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz-1.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/pygraphviz/graphviz.py", line 7, in <module> import _graphviz ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz-1.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/pygraphviz/_graphviz.so, 2): Symbol not found: _Agdirected Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz-1.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/pygraphviz/_graphviz.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pygraphviz-1.1-py2.6-macosx-10.6-universal.egg/pygraphviz/_graphviz.so >>> Any suggestions?

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  • Which universal or driverless printing solution do you use/recommend?

    - by Matt
    I'm in need of a driverless printing solution for Microsoft Terminal Services 2003/2008. This is mainly to support clients who are connected through broadband into our hosted servers. We were hoping that MSTS 2008 thinprint would be the answer but unfortunately it performs poorly in the print area. The files are too large. I found the following slightly outdated URL: http://www.msterminalservices.org/software/Printing/ This lists a number of products but I have no experience with any of them. I'd like a product that works/easy to install (as our clients are remote and not particularly tech savvy) and ideally I just pay for the server license and not every clients. What is your experience/recommendation and tips you can offer me in regards to TS printing? thanks in advance.

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  • how to create a system-wide independent universal counter object primarily for Database keys?

    - by andora
    I would like to create/use a system-wide independent universal 'counter object' that can be called via COM in a thread-safe manner. The counter object will be passed an ID to identify which counter to return, handle the counting, 'persist' the count (occasionally), have reasonable performance (as fast as possible) perhaps capable of 1000 counts per second or better (1mS) and be accessible cross-process/out-of-process. The current count status must be persisted between object restarts/shutdowns. The counter object is liklely to be a 'singleton' type object implemented in some form of free-threaded dictionary, containing maybe 10 counters (perhaps 50 max). The count needs to be monotonic and consistent, (ie: guaranteed unique sequential values). Each counter should have a few methods, like reset, inc, dec, set, clear, remove. As a luxury, I would like to have a variable-increment (ie: 'step by' value). To support thread-safefty, perhaps some sorm of critical-section or mutex call. It just needs to return a long/4byte signed integer. I really want something that can be called from anywhere, including VBScript, so I figure COM is my preferred solution. The primary use of this is for database keys. I am unable to use autoinc or guid type keys and have ruled out database-generated counting systems at this point. I've spent days researching this and I have really struggled to find a solution. The best I can find is a free-threaded dictionary object that can be instantiated using COM+ from Motobit - it seems to offer all the 'basics' and I guess I could create some form of wrapper for this. So, here are my questions: Does such a 'general purpose counter-object already exist? Can you direct me to it? (MS did do an IIS/ASP object called 'MSWC.Counter' but this isn't 'cross-process'/ out-of-process component and isn't thread-safe. (but if it was, it would do!) What is the best way of creating such a Component? (I'd prefer VB6 right-now, [don't ask!] but can do in VB.NET2005 if I had to). I don't have the skills/knowledge/tools to use anything else. I am desparate for a workable solution. I need specific guidance! If anybody can code something up for me I am prepared to pay for it.

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  • Can't change screen resolution Ubuntu 10.04 (BT)

    - by Universal Coder
    I'm using Backtrack 5 R2 , what is based on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. It is installed on Samsung Laptop , and default screen resolution in Windows for it is 1366x768 , but BT/Ubuntu Screen Resolution GUI tool (System=Preferences=Monitors) shows that only resolution available is 1024x768 , and called my monitor as "Unknown". Found a solution , that I have to change resolution in /usr/share/xresprobe/xorg.conf , but I did it , logged out/in and restarted many times , but it took me nowhere. Tried with xrandr , but it shows only mentioned 1024x768 as only solution , and when I tried to input needed resolution , but it did not accept it , because it is not available. As much as I googled , there are a lot of people that had similar problems with BT , but most of them solved with VirtualBox additional tools , but it can't help me , because I've installed it as second OS. In one forum read , that same problems is in Ubuntu 12 , so I ask this question here.

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  • Java binary files writeUTF... explain specifications...

    - by user69514
    I'm studying Java on my own. One of the exercises is the following, however I do not really understand what it is asking to.... any smart java gurus out there that could explain this in more detail and simple words? Thanks Suppose that you have a binary file that contains numbers whos type is either int or double. You dont know the order of the numbers in the file, but their order is recorded in a string at the begining of the file. The string is composed of the letters i for int, and d for double, in the order of the types of the subsequent numbers. The string is written using the method writeUTF. For example the string "iddiiddd" indicated that the file contains eight values, as follows: one integer, followed by two doubles, followed by two integers, followed by three doubles. Read this binary file and create a new text file of the values written one to a line.

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  • How to convert hexadecimal representation of data to binary data in PHP?

    - by Marcus Adams
    I'm familiar with php's function bin2hex() for converting binary data to its hexadecimal representation. However, what is the complement function to convert the hexadecimal representation of the data back to binary data? For example: $foo = "hello"; $foo = bin2hex($foo); echo $foo; // Displays 68656c6c6f How do I turn it back to hello? $foo = "68656c6c6f"; // Now what? There is no hex2bin() function.

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  • How do you convert a hexadecimal representation of data to binary data in PHP?

    - by Marcus Adams
    I'm familiar with php's function bin2hex() for converting binary data to its hexadecimal representation. However, what is the complement function to convert the hexadecimal representation of the data back to binary data? For example: $foo = "hello"; $foo = bin2hex($foo); echo $foo; // Displays 68656c6c6f How do I turn it back to hello? $foo = "68656c6c6f"; // Now what? There is no hex2bin() function.

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  • What's the best way to read/write array contents from/to binary files in C#?

    - by Eric
    I would like to read and write the contents of large ( 2GB), raw volume files (e.g. MRI scans). These files are just a sequence of e.g. 32 x 32 x 32 floats so they map well to 1D arrays. I would like to be able to read the contents of the binary volume files into 1D arrays of e.g. float or ushort (depending on the data type of the binary files) and similarly export the arrays back out to the raw volume files. What's the best way to do this with C#? Read/Write them 1 element at a time with BinaryReader/BinaryWriter? Read them piece-wise into byte arrays with FileStream.Read and then do a System.Buffer.BlockCopy between arrays (keeping in mind that I want 2GB arrays)? Write my own Reader/Writer?

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  • How to retrieve a binary file from .NET assembly?

    - by Rahul Soni
    I have an excel file that I want to embed in my C# assembly. I have changed the build action of the XLSX file to "Embedded Resource". During runtime, I have to retrieve this XLSX file from the assembly. Assembly assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(assembly.GetManifestResourceStream("AssemblyName.Output.xlsx"), true); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(strPath); sw.Write(sr.ReadToEnd()); sr.Dispose(); sw.Dispose(); System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(strPath); As expected, this fails for the XLSX file since it is a binary data. This could works well with a text file. I tried binary read/write, but I am not able to get the code running. Thoughts?

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  • Cannot run an executable binary file on another Linux System??

    - by Claire Huang
    I'm using Ubuntu 10.04 and Qt4.6, and I've created an executable binary file on my own computer through QtCreator. Now I want to put my executable file on CentOS 5, but it seems that this executable file cannot run on CentOS. Do I need to set some compile parameters to make it runnable on Linux other than Ubuntu?? Or do I need to put some lib files with the executable binary file? (For windows, the .exe file should put together with some .dll files to provide the correct dynamic lib linkage, is there some similar problem on linux?) Thanks for your help!

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  • Can GIT, Mercurial, SVN, or other version control tools work well when project tree has binary files

    - by Jian Lin
    Sometimes our project tree can have binary files, such as jpg, png, doc, xls, or pdf. Can GIT, Mercurial, SVN, or other tools do a good job when only part of a binary file is changed? For example, if the spec is written in .doc and it is part of the repository, then if it is 4MB, and edited 100 times but just for 1 or 2 lines, and checked in 100 times during the year, then it is 400MB. If it is 100 different .doc and .xls files, then it is 40GB... not a size that is easy to manage. I have tried GIT and Mercurial and see that they both seem to add a big size of data even when 1 line is changed in a .doc or .pdf. Is there other way inside of GIT or Mercurial or SVN that can do the job?

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  • [Python] How do I read binary pickle data first, then unpickle it?

    - by conradlee
    I'm unpickling a NetworkX object that's about 1GB in size on disk. Although I saved it in the binary format (using protocol 2), it is taking a very long time to unpickle this file---at least half an hour. The system I'm running on has plenty of system memory (128 GB), so that's not the bottleneck. I've read here that pickling can be sped up by first reading the entire file into memory, and then unpickling it (that particular thread refers to python 3.0, which I'm not using, but the point should still be true in python 2.6). How do I first read the binary file, and then unpickle it? I have tried: import cPickle as pickle f = open("big_networkx_graph.pickle","rb") bin_data = f.read() graph_data = pickle.load(bin_data) But this returns: TypeError: argument must have 'read' and 'readline' attributes Any ideas?

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  • Programatically find out a file type by looking its binary content. Possible?

    - by daemonkid
    I have a c# component that will recieve a file of the following types .doc, .pdf, .xls, .rtf These will be sent by the calling siebel legacy app as a filestream. So... [LegacyApp] {Binary file stream} [Component] The legacy app is a black box that cant be modified to tell the component what file type (doc,pdf,xls) it is sending. The component needs to read this binary stream and create a file on the filesystem with the right extension. Any ideas? Thanks for your time.

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