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• Origin of common list-processing function names

  - by Heatsink

  Some higher-order functions for operating on lists or arrays have been repeatedly adopted or reinvented. The functions map, fold[l|r], and filter are found together in several programming languages, such as Scheme, ML, and Python, that don't seem to have a common ancestor. I'm going with these three names to keep the question focused. To show that the names are not universal, here is a sampling of names for equivalent functionality in other languages. C++ has transform instead of map and remove_if instead of filter (reversing the meaning of the predicate). Lisp has mapcar instead of map, remove-if-not instead of filter, and reduce instead of fold (Some modern Lisp variants have map but this appears to be a derived form.) C# uses Select instead of map and Where instead of filter. C#'s names came from SQL via LINQ, and despite the name changes, their functionality was influenced by Haskell, which was itself influenced by ML. The names map, fold, and filter are widespread, but not universal. This suggests that they were borrowed from an influential source into other contemporary languages. Where did these function names come from?

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• The idea of functionN in Scala / Functionaljava

  - by Luke Murphy

  From brain driven development It turns out, that every Function you’ll ever define in Scala, will become an instance of an Implementation which will feature a certain Function Trait. There is a whole bunch of that Function Traits, ranging from Function1 up to Function22. Since Functions are Objects in Scala and Scala is a statically typed language, it has to provide an appropriate type for every Function which comes with a different number of arguments. If you define a Function with two arguments, the compiler picks Function2 as the underlying type. Also, from Michael Froh's blog You need to make FunctionN classes for each number of parameters that you want? Yes, but you define the classes once and then you use them forever, or ideally they're already defined in a library (e.g. Functional Java defines classes F, F2, ..., F8, and the Scala standard library defines classes Function1, ..., Function22) So we have a list of function traits (Scala), and a list of interfaces (Functional-java) to enable us to have first class funtions. I am trying to understand exactly why this is the case. I know, in Java for example, when I write a method say, public int add(int a, int b){ return a + b; } That I cannot go ahead and write add(3,4,5); ( error would be something like : method add cannot be applied to give types ) We simply have to define an interface/trait for functions with different parameters, because of static typing?

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• SQL Server Date Comparison Functions

  - by HighAltitudeCoder

  A few months ago, I found myself working with a repetitive cursor that looped until the data had been manipulated enough times that it was finally correct.  The cursor was heavily dependent upon dates, every time requiring the earlier of two (or several) dates in one stored procedure, while requiring the later of two dates in another stored procedure. In short what I needed was a function that would allow me to perform the following evaluation: WHERE MAX(Date1, Date2) < @SomeDate The problem is, the MAX() function in SQL Server does not perform this functionality.  So, I set out to put these functions together.  They are titled: EarlierOf() and LaterOf(). /**********************************************************                               EarlierOf.sql   **********************************************************/ /**********************************************************   Return the later of two DATETIME variables.   Parameter 1: DATETIME1 Parameter 2: DATETIME2   Works for a variety of DATETIME or NULL values. Even though comparisons with NULL are actually indeterminate, we know conceptually that NULL is not earlier or later than any other date provided.   SYNTAX: SELECT dbo.EarlierOf('1/1/2000','12/1/2009') SELECT dbo.EarlierOf('2009-12-01 00:00:00.000','2009-12-01 00:00:00.521') SELECT dbo.EarlierOf('11/15/2000',NULL) SELECT dbo.EarlierOf(NULL,'1/15/2004') SELECT dbo.EarlierOf(NULL,NULL)   **********************************************************/ USE AdventureWorks GO   IF EXISTS       (SELECT *       FROM sysobjects       WHERE name = 'EarlierOf'       AND xtype = 'FN'       ) BEGIN             DROP FUNCTION EarlierOf END GO   CREATE FUNCTION EarlierOf (       @Date1                              DATETIME,       @Date2                              DATETIME )   RETURNS DATETIME   AS BEGIN       DECLARE @ReturnDate     DATETIME         IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL)       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = NULL             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NOT NULL)       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = @Date2             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NOT NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL)       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = @Date1             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         ELSE       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = @Date1             IF @Date2 < @Date1                   SET @ReturnDate = @Date2             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         EndOfFunction:       RETURN @ReturnDate   END -- End Function GO   ---- Set Permissions --GRANT SELECT ON EarlierOf TO UserRole1 --GRANT SELECT ON EarlierOf TO UserRole2 --GO                                                                                             The inverse of this function is only slightly different. /**********************************************************                               LaterOf.sql   **********************************************************/ /**********************************************************   Return the later of two DATETIME variables.   Parameter 1: DATETIME1 Parameter 2: DATETIME2   Works for a variety of DATETIME or NULL values. Even though comparisons with NULL are actually indeterminate, we know conceptually that NULL is not earlier or later than any other date provided.   SYNTAX: SELECT dbo.LaterOf('1/1/2000','12/1/2009') SELECT dbo.LaterOf('2009-12-01 00:00:00.000','2009-12-01 00:00:00.521') SELECT dbo.LaterOf('11/15/2000',NULL) SELECT dbo.LaterOf(NULL,'1/15/2004') SELECT dbo.LaterOf(NULL,NULL)   **********************************************************/ USE AdventureWorks GO   IF EXISTS       (SELECT *       FROM sysobjects       WHERE name = 'LaterOf'       AND xtype = 'FN'       ) BEGIN             DROP FUNCTION LaterOf END GO   CREATE FUNCTION LaterOf (       @Date1                              DATETIME,       @Date2                              DATETIME )   RETURNS DATETIME   AS BEGIN       DECLARE @ReturnDate     DATETIME         IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL)       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = NULL             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NOT NULL)       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = @Date2             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NOT NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL)       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = @Date1             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         ELSE       BEGIN             SET @ReturnDate = @Date1             IF @Date2 > @Date1                   SET @ReturnDate = @Date2             GOTO EndOfFunction       END         EndOfFunction:       RETURN @ReturnDate   END -- End Function GO   ---- Set Permissions --GRANT SELECT ON LaterOf TO UserRole1 --GRANT SELECT ON LaterOf TO UserRole2 --GO                                                                                             The interesting thing about this function is its simplicity and the built-in NULL handling functionality.  Its interesting, because it seems like something should already exist in SQL Server that does this.  From a different vantage point, if you create this functionality and it is easy to use (ideally, intuitively self-explanatory), you have made a successful contribution. Interesting is good.  Self-explanatory, or intuitive is FAR better.  Happy coding! Graeme

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• Puppet - how can i copy a file to several user folders?

  - by Eliot Rocha

  Well i was using the info on this: Puppet - Any way to copy predefined custom configuration files for software on clients from the puppet master (host)? But i need some more elaborated, because i have several Desktops and are in use by 2 or 3 users each one, so i want to make a class for copy a shortcut in his desktops. The computers are joined to a domain, so any user can log in any desktop, and his profile is created in every desktop. I've tryed with this: class applink { file { "/home/installer/Escritorio/Workdesktop.desktop": owner => installer, group => root, mode => 770, source => "puppet://$server/files/Workdesktop.desktop" } This is only for one user called "installer", how can do this for several users? Can i use $USER for do this? Any Thoughts? Thank You!

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• Why doens't my Postgres user have permissions to add a Postgres database?

  - by orokusaki

  First, I ran: sudo su postgres createuser -U postgres foouser -P which worked fine, and I ran: createdb -U foouser -E utf8 -O foouser foodatabase -T template0 and got "permission denied: cannot create database" Firstly, should I even su as postgres to do operations like the first one (assuming my postgres data dir is owned by postgres), or is -U postgres from any user (assuming trust is used in pg_hba.conf) sufficient? Secondly, why am I running into this error? Is this because the user foouser is a non-superuser? Should I create foodatabase using the postgres user and simply -O foouser?

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• How to set User Tile image Windows Server 2012?

  - by moontear

  I found this nice article of how to add a user tile image via code: http://joco.name/2010/12/06/i-discovered-the-new-windows-user-tile-api/ This is also explained in depth here: http://msitpros.com/?p=1036 I have problems with doing this in Windows Server 2012. Whenever I run the code: using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace FejesJoco { class Program { [DllImport("shell32.dll", EntryPoint = "#262", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, PreserveSig = false)] public static extern void SetUserTile(string username, int whatever, string picpath); [STAThread] static void Main(string[] args) { SetUserTile(args[0], 0, args[1]); } } } I get an exception: Error HRESULT E_FAIL has been returned from a call to a COM component. Can anyone get this to work and add a user tile image via code?

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• Spreadsheet functions to query route planner for travel time/distance

  - by Rich

  I would like to achieve something whereby I have a spreadsheet such that the columns are: Column A - place name Column B - place name Column C - distance by road between places in columns A and B Column D - travel time by road between places in columns A and B I thought it might be possible using Google Docs' spreadsheet and its 'Google' functions, but I've not found any that might do the trick. In the end I could knock up an app to do it using the Google Maps API but would rather avoid it if I can.

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• binding media keys to functions in vlc player

  - by Eknath Iyer

  How do I bind the media keys (play pause stop forward .. ) to corresponding functions in the vlc player. For now, I have to use the spacebar for play/pause and stuff like that. I'd prefer being able to vlc even when it is minimized!

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• VBA + Polymorphism: Override worksheet functions from 3rd party

  - by phi

  my company makes extensive use of a data provider using a (closed source) VBA plugin. In principal, every query follows follows a certain structure: Fill one cell with a formula, where arguments to the formula specify the query the range of that formula is extended (not an arrray formula!) and cells below/right are filled with data For this to work, however, a user has to have a terminal program installed on the machine, as well as a com-plugin referenced in VBA/Excel. My Problem These Excelsheets are used and extended by multiple users, and not all of them have access to the data provider. While they can open the sheet, it will recalculate and the data will be gone. However, frequent recalculation is required. I would like every user to be able to use the sheets, without executing a very specific set of formulas. Attempts remove the reference on those computers where I do not have terminal access. This generates a NAME error i the cell containing the query (acceptable), but this query overrides parts of the data (not acceptable) If you allow the program to refresh, all data will be gone after a failed query Replace all formulas with the plain-text result in the respective cells (press a button and loop over every cell...). Obviously destroys any refresh-capabilities the querys offer for all subsequent users, so pretty bad, too. A theoretical idea, and I'm not sure how to implement it: Replace the functions offered by the plugin with something that will be called either first (and relay the query through to the original function, if thats available) or instead of the original function (by only deploying the solution on non-terminal machines), which just returns the original value. More specifically, if my query function is used like this: =GETALLDATA(Startdate, Enddate, Stockticker, etc) I would like to transparently swap the function behind the call. Do you see any hope, or am I lost? I appreciate your help. PS: Of course I'm talking about Bloomberg... Some additional points to clarify issues raise by Frank: The formula in the sheets may not be changed. This is mission-critical software, and its way too complex for any sane person to try and touch it. Only excel and VBA may be used (which is the reason for the previous point...) It would be sufficient to prevent execution of these few specific formulas/functions on a specific machine for all excel sheets to come This looks more and more like a problem for stackoverflow ;-)

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• Adding user to chroot environment

  - by Neo

  I've created a chroot system in my Ubuntu using schroot and debrootstrap, based on minimal ubuntu. However whenever I can't seem to add a new user into this chroot environment. Here is what happens. I enter schroot as root and add a new user.(Tried both adduser and useradd commands) The username lists up in /etc/passwd file and I can 'su' into the new user. So far so good. When I log out of schroot, and re-enter schroot, the user I created has vanished!! There is no mention of that user in /etc/passwd either. How do I make the new user permanent?

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• Build a user's profile directory on creation in batch

  - by Moses

  I have a batch script that I use when I set up new Windows 7 PCs that creates a user based on a variable, creates a folder on their desktop, then shares it: @echo off SET /p unitnumber="Enter unit number: " net user unit%unitnumber% password /add /expire:never MD "C:/Users/unit%unitnumber%/Desktop/Accounting #%unitnumber%" runas /user:administrator "net share "Accounting#%unitnumber%"="C:/Users/unit%unitnumber%/Desktop/Accounting#%unitnumber"" I discovered that the share that is created is overwritten when the newly created user first logs on, because Windows creates builds their profile directory at that time. Is there any way to initiate a build of a user's profile directory in the batch file just after creating the it? The only thing that looks useful is the /homedir:pathname switch for the net user command, but I believe that option assumes the directory already exists. Other than that web research hasn't been fruitful. I'd be to use whatever to get this done as long as I can incorporate/launch it from the batch. Any suggestions?

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• [GEEK SCHOOL] Network Security 2: Preventing Disaster with User Account Control

  - by Ciprian Rusen

  In this second lesson in our How-To Geek School about securing the Windows devices in your network, we will talk about User Account Control (UAC). Users encounter this feature each time they need to install desktop applications in Windows, when some applications need administrator permissions in order to work and when they have to change different system settings and files. UAC was introduced in Windows Vista as part of Microsoft’s “Trustworthy Computing” initiative. Basically, UAC is meant to act as a wedge between you and installing applications or making system changes. When you attempt to do either of these actions, UAC will pop up and interrupt you. You may either have to confirm you know what you’re doing, or even enter an administrator password if you don’t have those rights. Some users find UAC annoying and choose to disable it but this very important security feature of Windows (and we strongly caution against doing that). That’s why in this lesson, we will carefully explain what UAC is and everything it does. As you will see, this feature has an important role in keeping Windows safe from all kinds of security problems. In this lesson you will learn which activities may trigger a UAC prompt asking for permissions and how UAC can be set so that it strikes the best balance between usability and security. You will also learn what kind of information you can find in each UAC prompt. Last but not least, you will learn why you should never turn off this feature of Windows. By the time we’re done today, we think you will have a newly found appreciation for UAC, and will be able to find a happy medium between turning it off completely and letting it annoy you to distraction. What is UAC and How Does it Work? UAC or User Account Control is a security feature that helps prevent unauthorized system changes to your Windows computer or device. These changes can be made by users, applications, and sadly, malware (which is the biggest reason why UAC exists in the first place). When an important system change is initiated, Windows displays a UAC prompt asking for your permission to make the change. If you don’t give your approval, the change is not made. In Windows, you will encounter UAC prompts mostly when working with desktop applications that require administrative permissions. For example, in order to install an application, the installer (generally a setup.exe file) asks Windows for administrative permissions. UAC initiates an elevation prompt like the one shown earlier asking you whether it is okay to elevate permissions or not. If you say “Yes”, the installer starts as administrator and it is able to make the necessary system changes in order to install the application correctly. When the installer is closed, its administrator privileges are gone. If you run it again, the UAC prompt is shown again because your previous approval is not remembered. If you say “No”, the installer is not allowed to run and no system changes are made. If a system change is initiated from a user account that is not an administrator, e.g. the Guest account, the UAC prompt will also ask for the administrator password in order to give the necessary permissions. Without this password, the change won’t be made. Which Activities Trigger a UAC Prompt? There are many types of activities that may trigger a UAC prompt: Running a desktop application as an administrator Making changes to settings and files in the Windows and Program Files folders Installing or removing drivers and desktop applications Installing ActiveX controls Changing settings to Windows features like the Windows Firewall, UAC, Windows Update, Windows Defender, and others Adding, modifying, or removing user accounts Configuring Parental Controls in Windows 7 or Family Safety in Windows 8.x Running the Task Scheduler Restoring backed-up system files Viewing or changing the folders and files of another user account Changing the system date and time You will encounter UAC prompts during some or all of these activities, depending on how UAC is set on your Windows device. If this security feature is turned off, any user account or desktop application can make any of these changes without a prompt asking for permissions. In this scenario, the different forms of malware existing on the Internet will also have a higher chance of infecting and taking control of your system. In Windows 8.x operating systems you will never see a UAC prompt when working with apps from the Windows Store. That’s because these apps, by design, are not allowed to modify any system settings or files. You will encounter UAC prompts only when working with desktop programs. What You Can Learn from a UAC Prompt? When you see a UAC prompt on the screen, take time to read the information displayed so that you get a better understanding of what is going on. Each prompt first tells you the name of the program that wants to make system changes to your device, then you can see the verified publisher of that program. Dodgy software tends not to display this information and instead of a real company name, you will see an entry that says “Unknown”. If you have downloaded that program from a less than trustworthy source, then it might be better to select “No” in the UAC prompt. The prompt also shares the origin of the file that’s trying to make these changes. In most cases the file origin is “Hard drive on this computer”. You can learn more by pressing “Show details”. You will see an additional entry named “Program location” where you can see the physical location on your hard drive, for the file that’s trying to perform system changes. Make your choice based on the trust you have in the program you are trying to run and its publisher. If a less-known file from a suspicious location is requesting a UAC prompt, then you should seriously consider pressing “No”. What’s Different About Each UAC Level? Windows 7 and Windows 8.x have four UAC levels: Always notify – when this level is used, you are notified before desktop applications make changes that require administrator permissions or before you or another user account changes Windows settings like the ones mentioned earlier. When the UAC prompt is shown, the desktop is dimmed and you must choose “Yes” or “No” before you can do anything else. This is the most secure and also the most annoying way to set UAC because it triggers the most UAC prompts. Notify me only when programs/apps try to make changes to my computer (default) – Windows uses this as the default for UAC. When this level is used, you are notified before desktop applications make changes that require administrator permissions. If you are making system changes, UAC doesn’t show any prompts and it automatically gives you the necessary permissions for making the changes you desire. When a UAC prompt is shown, the desktop is dimmed and you must choose “Yes” or “No” before you can do anything else. This level is slightly less secure than the previous one because malicious programs can be created for simulating the keystrokes or mouse moves of a user and change system settings for you. If you have a good security solution in place, this scenario should never occur. Notify me only when programs/apps try to make changes to my computer (do not dim my desktop) – this level is different from the previous in in the fact that, when the UAC prompt is shown, the desktop is not dimmed. This decreases the security of your system because different kinds of desktop applications (including malware) might be able to interfere with the UAC prompt and approve changes that you might not want to be performed. Never notify – this level is the equivalent of turning off UAC. When using it, you have no protection against unauthorized system changes. Any desktop application and any user account can make system changes without your permission. How to Configure UAC If you would like to change the UAC level used by Windows, open the Control Panel, then go to “System and Security” and select “Action Center”. On the column on the left you will see an entry that says “Change User Account Control settings”. The “User Account Control Settings” window is now opened. Change the position of the UAC slider to the level you want applied then press “OK”. Depending on how UAC was initially set, you may receive a UAC prompt requiring you to confirm this change. Why You Should Never Turn Off UAC If you want to keep the security of your system at decent levels, you should never turn off UAC. When you disable it, everything and everyone can make system changes without your consent. This makes it easier for all kinds of malware to infect and take control of your system. It doesn’t matter whether you have a security suite or antivirus installed or third-party antivirus, basic common-sense measures like having UAC turned on make a big difference in keeping your devices safe from harm. We have noticed that some users disable UAC prior to setting up their Windows devices and installing third-party software on them. They keep it disabled while installing all the software they will use and enable it when done installing everything, so that they don’t have to deal with so many UAC prompts. Unfortunately this causes problems with some desktop applications. They may fail to work after you enable UAC. This happens because, when UAC is disabled, the virtualization techniques UAC uses for your applications are inactive. This means that certain user settings and files are installed in a different place and when you turn on UAC, applications stop working because they should be placed elsewhere. Therefore, whatever you do, do not turn off UAC completely! Coming up next … In the next lesson you will learn about Windows Defender, what this tool can do in Windows 7 and Windows 8.x, what’s different about it in these operating systems and how it can be used to increase the security of your system.

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• SQL SERVER – Number-Crunching with SQL Server – Exceed the Functionality of Excel

  - by Pinal Dave

  Imagine this. Your users have developed an Excel spreadsheet that extracts data from your SQL Server database, manipulates that data through the use of Excel formulas and, possibly, some VBA code which is then used to calculate P&L, hedging requirements or even risk numbers. Management comes to you and tells you that they need to get rid of the spreadsheet and that the results of the spreadsheet calculations need to be persisted on the database. SQL Server has a very small set of functions for analyzing data. Excel has hundreds of functions for analyzing data, with many of them focused on specific financial and statistical calculations. Is it even remotely possible that you can use SQL Server to replace the complex calculations being done in a spreadsheet? Westclintech has developed a library of functions that match or exceed the functionality of Excel’s functions and contains many functions that are not available in EXCEL. Their XLeratorDB library of functions contains over 700 functions that can be incorporated into T-SQL statements. XLeratorDB takes advantage of the SQL CLR architecture introduced in SQL Server 2005. SQL CLR permits managed code to be compiled into the database and run alongside built-in SQL Server functions like COUNT or SUM. The Westclintech developers have taken advantage of this architecture to bring robust analytical functions to the database. In our hypothetical spreadsheet, let’s assume that our users are using the YIELD function and that the data are extracted from a table in our database called BONDS. Here’s what the spreadsheet might look like. We go to column G and see that it contains the following formula. Obviously, SQL Server does not offer a native YIELD function. However, with XLeratorDB we can replicate this calculation in SQL Server with the following statement: SELECT *, wct.YIELD(CAST(GETDATE() AS date),Maturity,Rate,Price,100,Frequency,Basis) AS YIELD FROM BONDS This produces the following result. This illustrates one of the best features about XLeratorDB; it is so easy to use. Since I knew that the spreadsheet was using the YIELD function I could use the same function with the same calling structure to do the calculation in SQL Server. I didn’t need to know anything at all about the mechanics of calculating the yield on a bond. It was pretty close to cut and paste. In fact, that’s one way to construct the SQL. Just copy the function call from the cell in the spreadsheet and paste it into SMS and change the cell references to column names. I built the SQL for this query by starting with this. SELECT * ,YIELD(TODAY(),B2,C2,D2,100,E2,F2) FROM BONDS I then changed the cell references to column names. SELECT * --,YIELD(TODAY(),B2,C2,D2,100,E2,F2) ,YIELD(TODAY(),Maturity,Rate,Price,100,Frequency,Basis) FROM BONDS Finally, I replicated the TODAY() function using GETDATE() and added the schema name to the function name. SELECT * --,YIELD(TODAY(),B2,C2,D2,100,E2,F2) --,YIELD(TODAY(),Maturity,Rate,Price,100,Frequency,Basis) ,wct.YIELD(GETDATE(),Maturity,Rate,Price,100,Frequency,Basis) FROM BONDS Then I am able to execute the statement returning the results seen above. The XLeratorDB libraries are heavy on financial, statistical, and mathematical functions. Where there is an analog to an Excel function, the XLeratorDB function uses the same naming conventions and calling structure as the Excel function, but there are also hundreds of additional functions for SQL Server that are not found in Excel. You can find the functions by opening Object Explorer in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and expanding the Programmability folder under the database where the functions have been installed. The  Functions folder expands to show 3 sub-folders: Table-valued Functions; Scalar-valued functions, Aggregate Functions, and System Functions. You can expand any of the first three folders to see the XLeratorDB functions. Since the wct.YIELD function is a scalar function, we will open the Scalar-valued Functions folder, scroll down to the wct.YIELD function and and click the plus sign (+) to display the input parameters. The functions are also Intellisense-enabled, with the input parameters displayed directly in the query tab. The Westclintech website contains documentation for all the functions including examples that can be copied directly into a query window and executed. There are also more one hundred articles on the site which go into more detail about how some of the functions work and demonstrate some of the extensive business processes that can be done in SQL Server using XLeratorDB functions and some T-SQL. XLeratorDB is organized into libraries: finance, statistics; math; strings; engineering; and financial options. There is also a windowing library for SQL Server 2005, 2008, and 2012 which provides functions for calculating things like running and moving averages (which were introduced in SQL Server 2012), FIFO inventory calculations, financial ratios and more, without having to use triangular joins. To get started you can download the XLeratorDB 15-day free trial from the Westclintech web site. It is a fully-functioning, unrestricted version of the software. If you need more than 15 days to evaluate the software, you can simply download another 15-day free trial. XLeratorDB is an easy and cost-effective way to start adding sophisticated data analysis to your SQL Server database without having to know anything more than T-SQL. Get XLeratorDB Today and Now! Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: Excel

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• How to move an UIView along a curved CGPath according to user dragging the view

  - by Felipe Cypriano

  I'm trying to build a interface that the user can move his finger around the screen an a list of images moves along a path. The idea is that the images center nevers leaves de path. Most of the things I found was about how to animate using CGPath and not about actually using the path as the track to a user movement. I need to objects to be tracked on the path even if the user isn't moving his fingers over the path. For example (image bellow), if the object is at the beginning of the path and the user touches anywhere on the screen and moves his fingers from left to right I need that the object moves from left to right but following the path, that is, going up as it goes to the right towards the path's end. This is the path I've draw, imagine that I'll have a view (any image) that the user can touch and drag it along the path, there's no need to move the finger exactly over the path. If the user move from left to right the image should move from left to right but going up if need following the path. This is how I'm creating the path: CGPoint endPointUp = CGPointMake(315, 124); CGPoint endPointDown = CGPointMake(0, 403); CGPoint controlPoint1 = CGPointMake(133, 187); CGPoint controlPoint2 = CGPointMake(174, 318); CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, endPointUp.x, endPointUp.y); CGPathAddCurveToPoint(path, NULL, controlPoint1.x, controlPoint1.y, controlPoint2.x, controlPoint2.y, endPointDown.x, endPointDown.y); Any idead how can I achieve this?

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• See the latest Applications Cloud user experiences at Oracle OpenWorld 2014

  - by mvaughan

  By Misha Vaughan, Oracle Applications User Experience OAUX Day: Oracle Applications Cloud User Experience Strategy & Roadmap?. This event is for partners, Oracle sales, and customers who are passionate about Oracle’s commitment to the ongoing user experience investment in Oracle’s Applications Cloud. If you want to see where we are going firsthand, contact the Applications UX team to attend this special event, scheduled the week before Oracle OpenWorld.All attendees must be approved to attend and have signed Oracle’s non-disclosure agreement. Register HERE.Date and time: 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 24, 2014 Location: Oracle Conference Center, Redwood City, Calif. Oracle Applications Cloud User Experience Partner & Sales Briefing This event is for Oracle Applications partners and Oracle sales who want to find out what’s up with release 9 user experience highlights for: Oracle Sales Cloud, Oracle HCM Cloud, cloud extensibility, and Paas4SaaS. It will be held the day before Oracle OpenWorld kicks off. All attendees must be approved to attend. Register HERE.Date and time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 28, 2014Location: Intercontinental Hotel, 888 Howard Street, San Francisco, Calif. , in the Telegraph Hill room. Oracle OpenWorld 2014 OAUX Applications Cloud Exchange.This daylong, demo-intensive event is for Oracle customers, partners, and sales representatives who want to see what the future of Oracle’s cloud user experiences will look like. Attendees will also see what’s cooking in Oracle’s research and development kitchen – concepts that aren’t products … yet.All attendees must be approved to attend and have signed Oracle’s non-disclosure agreement. Register HERE.Date and time:  1 - 4 p.m. and 6 - 8:00 p.m. Monday, Sept. 29, 2014 Location: Intercontinental Hotel, 888 Howard Street, San Francisco, Calif., on the Spa Terrace.

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• Managing arbitrary user permissions under PureFTPd

  - by Sebastián Grignoli

  I need to provide an FTP service that needs to be web-managed in the simplest way possible. My customer wants to create folders and users, and give them read only or read/write access arbitrarily. For example: The folder 'Documents' should be read only for several users, writable for internal users, and invisible for the rest. The folder 'Pictures' should be read only for journalists, writable for associates, and invisible for the rest. The folder 'Media' should be read only, writable or invisible for arbitrary users specified on the admin. There could be a large number of users and folders. I can't find a good way to accomplish that. I thought that I could give each user a home folder and put symlinks for the folders he has read access to, and make the user part of the folder's group when he has write access too, but now I think that this wouldn't work, because with PureFTPd (or ProFTPd) I can only specify the virtual user's mapping to a system user, and only one GUID for each virtual user. My approach requires that I could specify several GUIDs for each user (one by each folder he has write access to). I need to start programming this admin and I still don't know wich approach would work, if any. ¿Any ideas?

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• session management: verifying a user's log-in state

  - by good_computer

  I am storing sessions in my database. Everytime a user logs in, I create a new row corresponding to the new session, generate a new session id and send it as a cookie to the browser. My session data looks something like this: { 'user_id': 1234 'user_name': 'Sam' ... } When a request comes, I check whether a cookie with a session id is sent. If it is, I fetch session data from my database (or memcache) corresponding to that session id. When the user logs out, I remove the session data from my database (and memcache), and delete the cookie from the user's browser too. Notice that in my session data, I don't have something like logged_in: true. This is because if I find a session record in the database (or memcache) I deduce that the user is logged in, and if there is no session record found, the user is not logged in. My question is: is this the right approach? Should I have a logged_in key in my session data? Is there any possibility that a session record may be present on the server where the corresponding user is actually NOT logged in? Are there any security implications in having or not having such a key?

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• Storing User-uploaded Images

  - by Nyxynyx

  What is the usual practice for handling user uploaded photos and storing them on the database and server? For a user profile image: After receiving the image file from user, rename file to <image_id>_<username> Move image to /images/userprofile Add img filename to a table users containing their profile details like first_name, last_name, age, gender, birthday For a image for a review done by user: After receiving the image file from user, rename file to <image_id>_<review_id> Move image to /images/reviews Add img filename to a table reviews containing their profile details like review_id, review_content, user_id, score. Question 1: How should I go about storing the image filenames if the user can upload multiple photos for a particular review? Serialize? Question 2: Or have another table review_images with columns review_id, image_id, image_filename just for tracking images? Will doing a JOIN when retriving the image_filename from this table slow down performance noticeably? Question 3: Should all the images be stored in a single folder? Will there be a problem when we have 100K photos in the same folder? Is there a more efficient way to go about doing this?

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• SQL DB design to support user feeds (in application like facebook)

  - by Yoav

  I have a social network server with a MySql DB. I want to show the users feeds like done in Facebook. Example - UserX now Friend with userY, userX did like on postX etc. Currently I have table: C1 : UserId C2 : LogType (now friend, did like etc) C3 : ObjectId (Can be userId or postId) - set depending on the LogType. Currently to get all related logs to show to the user I do the following queries: 1. Get All user Friends userIds 2. Query all rows which C1 is in userIds (I query completed) 3. Scan the DB and see - if LogType equals DidLike, check if post's OwnerId is the userId - if yes add it to logs. And so on. Obvious this is not efficient at all. I am looking for a better way. I thought I had in mind: Create a new table (in addition to the Log table) C1 : UserId C2 : LogId (from Log table) C3 : UserID of the one who did the action When querying logs - look in the table and get related Logs (by LogId) from LogTable. Updating the table: Whenever user doing action that should be in the log: 1. Add the Log entry to LogTable. 2. Scan the DB and see which users are interested with the Log (Who my friends are, Who is the owner of the post) and add related entries to the new table. (must be done in BG). 3. If user UNFRIEND another user - then look in the logs for all rows where C3 == UNFRIENDED user id and delete them. Any opinions? Other suggestions?

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• Implement two functions with the same name but different, non-covariant return types due to multiple abstract base classes

  - by user1508167

  If I have two abstract classes defining a pure virtual function with the same name, but different, non-covariant return types, how can I derive from these and define an implementation for both their functions? #include <iostream> class ITestA { public: virtual ~ITestA() {}; virtual float test() =0; }; class ITestB { public: virtual ~ITestB() {}; virtual bool test() =0; }; class C : public ITestA, public ITestB { public: /* Somehow implement ITestA::test and ITestB::test */ }; int main() { ITestA *a = new C(); std::cout << a->test() << std::endl; // should print a float, like "3.14" ITestB *b = dynamic_cast<ITestB *>(a); if (b) { std::cout << b->test() << std::endl; // should print "1" or "0" } delete(a); return 0; } As long as I don't call C::test() directly there's nothing ambiguous, so I think that it should work somehow and I guess I just didn't find the right notation yet. Or is this impossible, if so: Why?

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• System Variables, Stored Procedures or Functions for Meta Data

  - by BuckWoody

  Whenever you want to know something about SQL Server’s configuration, whether that’s the Instance itself or a database, you have a few options. If you want to know “dynamic” data, such as how much memory or CPU is consumed or what a particular query is doing, you should be using the Dynamic Management Views (DMVs) that you can read about here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188754.aspx  But if you’re looking for how much memory is installed on the server, the version of the Instance, the drive letters of the backups and so on, you have other choices. The first of these are system variables. You access these with a SELECT statement, and they are useful when you need a discrete value for use, say in another query or to put into a table. You can read more about those here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173823.aspx You also have a few stored procedures you can use. These often bring back a lot more data, pre-formatted for the screen. You access these with the EXECUTE syntax. It is a bit more difficult to take the data they return and get a single value or place the results in another table, but it is possible. You can read more about those here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187961.aspx Yet another option is to use a system function, which you access with a SELECT statement, which also brings back a discrete value that you can use in a test or to place in another table. You can read about those here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187812.aspx  By the way, many of these constructs simply query from tables in the master or msdb databases for the Instance or the system tables in a user database. You can get much of the information there as well, and there are even system views in each database to show you the meta-data dealing with structure – more on that here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186778.aspx  Some of these choices are the only way to get at a certain piece of data. But others overlap – you can use one or the other, they both come back with the same data. So, like many Microsoft products, you have multiple ways to do the same thing. And that’s OK – just research what each is used for and how it’s intended to be used, and you’ll be able to select (pun intended) the right choice. Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• SQL SERVER – Solution – User Not Able to See Any User Created Object in Tables – Security and Permissions Issue

  - by pinaldave

  There is an old quote “A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words”. I believe this quote immensely. Quite often I get phone calls that something is not working if I can help. My reaction is in most of the cases, I need to know more, send me exact error or a screenshot. Until and unless I see the error or reproduce the scenario myself I prefer not to comment. Yesterday I got a similar phone call from an old friend, where he was not sure what is going on. Here is what he said. “When I try to connect to SQL Server, it lets me connect just fine as well let me open and explore the database. I noticed that I do not see any user created instances but when my colleague attempts to connect to the server, he is able to explore the database as well see all the user created tables and other objects. Can you help me fix it? “ My immediate reaction was he was facing security and permission issue. However, to make the same recommendation I suggested that he send me a screenshot of his own SSMS and his friend’s SSMS. After carefully looking at both the screenshots, I was very confident about the issue and we were able to resolve the issue. Let us reproduce the same scenario and many there is some learning for us. Issue: User not able to see user created objects First let us see the image of my friend’s SSMS screen. (Recreated on my machine) Now let us see my friend’s colleague SSMS screen. (Recreated on my machine) You can see that my friend could not see the user tables but his colleague was able to do the same for sure. Now I believed it was a permissions issue. Further to this I asked him to send me another image where I can see the various permissions of the user in the database. My friends screen My friends colleagues screen This indeed proved that my friend did not have access to the AdventureWorks database and because of the same he was not able to access the database. He did have public access which means he will have similar rights as guest access. However, their SQL Server had followed my earlier advise on having limited access for guest access, which means he was not able to see any user created objects. My next question was to validate what kind of access my friend’s colleague had. He replied that the colleague is the admin of the server. I suggested that if my friend was suppose to have admin access to the database, he should request of having admin access to his colleague. My friend promptly asked for the same to his colleague and on following screen he added him as an admin. You can do the same using following T-SQL script as well. USE [AdventureWorks2012] GO ALTER ROLE [db_owner] ADD MEMBER [testguest] GO Once my friend was admin he was able to access all the user objects just like he was expecting. Please note, this complete exercise was done on a development server. One should not play around with security on live or production server. Security is such an issue, which should be left with only senior administrator of the server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• What triggered the popularity of lambda functions in modern mainstream programming languages?

  - by Giorgio

  In the last few years anonymous functions (AKA lambda functions) have become a very popular language construct and almost every major / mainstream programming language has introduced them or is planned to introduce them in an upcoming revision of the standard. Yet, anonymous functions are a very old and very well-known concept in Mathematics and Computer Science (invented by the mathematician Alonzo Church around 1936, and used by the Lisp programming language since 1958, see e.g. here). So why didn't today's mainstream programming languages (many of which originated 15 to 20 years ago) support lambda functions from the very beginning and only introduced them later? And what triggered the massive adoption of anonymous functions in the last few years? Is there some specific event, new requirement or programming technique that started this phenomenon? IMPORTANT NOTE The focus of this question is the introduction of anonymous functions in modern, main-stream (and therefore, maybe with a few exceptions, non functional) languages. Also, note that anonymous functions (blocks) are present in Smalltalk, which is not a functional language, and that normal named functions have been present even in procedural languages like C and Pascal for a long time. Please do not overgeneralize your answers by speaking about "the adoption of the functional paradigm and its benefits", because this is not the topic of the question.

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• F#: Advantages of converting top-level functions to member methods?

  - by J Cooper

  Earlier I requested some feedback on my first F# project. Before closing the question because the scope was too large, someone was kind enough to look it over and leave some feedback. One of the things they mentioned was pointing out that I had a number of regular functions that could be converted to be methods on my datatypes. Dutifully I went through changing things like let getDecisions hand = let (/=/) card1 card2 = matchValue card1 = matchValue card2 let canSplit() = let isPair() = match hand.Cards with | card1 :: card2 :: [] when card1 /=/ card2 -> true | _ -> false not (hasState Splitting hand) && isPair() let decisions = [Hit; Stand] let split = if canSplit() then [Split] else [] let doubleDown = if hasState Initial hand then [DoubleDown] else [] decisions @ split @ doubleDown to this: type Hand // ...stuff... member hand.GetDecisions = let (/=/) (c1 : Card) (c2 : Card) = c1.MatchValue = c2.MatchValue let canSplit() = let isPair() = match hand.Cards with | card1 :: card2 :: [] when card1 /=/ card2 -> true | _ -> false not (hand.HasState Splitting) && isPair() let decisions = [Hit; Stand] let split = if canSplit() then [Split] else [] let doubleDown = if hand.HasState Initial then [DoubleDown] else [] decisions @ split @ doubleDown Now, I don't doubt I'm an idiot, but other than (I'm guessing) making C# interop easier, what did that gain me? Specifically, I found a couple *dis*advantages, not counting the extra work of conversion (which I won't count, since I could have done it this way in the first place, I suppose, although that would have made using F# Interactive more of a pain). For one thing, I'm now no longer able to work with function "pipelining" easily. I had to go and change some |> chained |> calls to (some |> chained).Calls etc. Also, it seemed to make my type system dumber--whereas with my original version, my program needed no type annotations, after converting largely to member methods, I got a bunch of errors about lookups being indeterminate at that point, and I had to go and add type annotations (an example of this is in the (/=/) above). I hope I haven't come off too dubious, as I appreciate the advice I received, and writing idiomatic code is important to me. I'm just curious why the idiom is the way it is :) Thanks!

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• How can arguments to variadic functions be passed by reference in PHP?

  - by outis

  Assuming it's possible, how would one pass arguments by reference to a variadic function without generating a warning in PHP? We can no longer use the '&' operator in a function call, otherwise I'd accept that (even though it would be error prone, should a coder forget it). What inspired this is are old MySQLi wrapper classes that I unearthed (these days, I'd just use PDO). The only difference between the wrappers and the MySQLi classes is the wrappers throw exceptions rather than returning FALSE. class DBException extends RuntimeException {} ... class MySQLi_throwing extends mysqli { ... function prepare($query) { $stmt = parent::prepare($query); if (!$stmt) { throw new DBException($this->error, $this->errno); } return new MySQLi_stmt_throwing($this, $query, $stmt); } } // I don't remember why I switched from extension to composition, but // it shouldn't matter for this question. class MySQLi_stmt_throwing /* extends MySQLi_stmt */ { protected $_link, $_query, $_delegate; public function __construct($link, $query, $prepared) { //parent::__construct($link, $query); $this->_link = $link; $this->_query = $query; $this->_delegate = $prepared; } function bind_param($name, &$var) { return $this->_delegate->bind_param($name, $var); } function __call($name, $args) { //$rslt = call_user_func_array(array($this, 'parent::' . $name), $args); $rslt = call_user_func_array(array($this->_delegate, $name), $args); if (False === $rslt) { throw new DBException($this->_link->error, $this->errno); } return $rslt; } } The difficulty lies in calling methods such as bind_result on the wrapper. Constant-arity functions (e.g. bind_param) can be explicitly defined, allowing for pass-by-reference. bind_result, however, needs all arguments to be pass-by-reference. If you call bind_result on an instance of MySQLi_stmt_throwing as-is, the arguments are passed by value and the binding won't take. try { $id = Null; $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT id FROM tbl WHERE ...'); $stmt->execute() $stmt->bind_result($id); // $id is still null at this point ... } catch (DBException $exc) { ... } Since the above classes are no longer in use, this question is merely a matter of curiosity. Alternate approaches to the wrapper classes are not relevant. Defining a method with a bunch of arguments taking Null default values is not correct (what if you define 20 arguments, but the function is called with 21?). Answers don't even need to be written in terms of MySQL_stmt_throwing; it exists simply to provide a concrete example.

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