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  • function's return address is different from its supposed value, buffer overflow,

    - by ultrajohn
    Good day everyone! I’m trying to understand how buffer overflow works. I’m doing this for my project in a computer security course I’m taking. Right now, I’m in the process of determining the address of the function’s return address which I’m supposed to change to perform a buffer overflow attack. I’ve written a simple program based from an example I’ve read in the internet. What this program does is it creates an integer pointer that will be made to point to the address of the function return address in the stack. To do this, (granted I understand how a function/program variables get organized in the stack), I add 8 to the buffer variable’ address and set it as the value of ret. I’m not doing anything here that would change the address contained in the location of func’s return address. here's the program: Output of the program when gets excecuted: As you can see, I’m printing the address of the variables buffer and ret. I’ve added an additional statement printing the value of the ret variable (supposed location of func return address, so this should print the address of the next instruction which will get executed after func returns from execution). Here is the dump which shows the supposed address of the instruction to be executed after func returns. (Underlined in green) As you can see, that value is way different from the value printed contained in the variable ret. My question is, why are they different? (of course in the assumption that what I’ve done are all right). Else, what have I done wrong? Is my understanding of the program’s runtime stack wrong? Please, help me understand this. My project is due nextweek and I’ve barely touched it yet. I’m sorry if I’m being demanding, I badly need your help.

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  • How does one properly redefine self while avoiding the "Multiple methods named ..." warning?

    - by Elise van Looij
    In Apple's The Objective-C Programming Language: Defining a Class the section named "Redifining self" recommends that that class methods allocate and return instances use 'self' only to allocate an instance and then refer only to that instance. Thus, I have a number of subclasses, that have class methods along the lines of: + (id)scrollViewWithFrame: (NSRect)rectFrame { id newInstance = [[[self alloc] initWithFrame:rectFrame] autorelease]; [newInstance setHasHorizontalScroller: YES]; [newInstance setHasVerticalScroller: YES]; [newInstance setBorderType: NSNoBorder]; [newInstance setAutoresizingMask: (NSViewWidthSizable | NSViewHeightSizable)]; return newInstance; } The above is, of course, a subclass of NSScrollView. Unfortunately, Xcode 3.x all these NSView subclasses now raise warnings: "Warning: Multiple methods named '-setAutoresizingMask' found". I believe it has something to do with GCC 4.2, the settings of which I have not changed. The warning is correct, of course, since NSView and its various subclasses all implement setAutoresizingMask, but it is also unnecessary. Since they're only warnings, I ignore them but there is a risk that in between the thirty or so unnecessary ones, a really useful warning lurks which I simply don't see. So, what to do? I do want to adhere to good coding practices and I want to build warning-free apps -- how can I do both?

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  • How to deal with recursive dependencies between static libraries using the binutils linker?

    - by Jack Lloyd
    I'm porting an existing system from Windows to Linux. The build is structured with multiple static libraries. I ran into a linking error where a symbol (defined in libA) could not be found in an object from libB. The linker line looked like g++ test_obj.o -lA -lB -o test The problem of course being that by the time the linker finds it needs the symbol from libA, it has already passed it by, and does not rescan, so it simply errors out even though the symbol is there for the taking. My initial idea was of course to simply swap the link (to -lB -lA) so that libA is scanned afterwards, and any symbols missing from libB that are in libA are picked up. But then I find there is actually a recursive dependency between libA and libB! I'm assuming the Visual C++ linker handles this in some way (does it rescan by default?). Ways of dealing with this I've considered: Use shared objects. Unfortunately this is undesirable from the perspective of requiring PIC compliation (this is performance sensitive code and losing %ebx to hold the GOT would really hurt), and shared objects aren't needed. Build one mega ar of all of the objects, avoiding the problem. Restructure the code to avoid the recursive dependency (which is obviously the Right Thing to do, but I'm trying to do this port with minimal changes). Do you have other ideas to deal with this? Is there some way I can convince the binutils linker to perform rescans of libraries it has already looked at when it is missing a symbol?

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  • C++ CIN cin skips randomly

    - by user69514
    I have this program, but cin in randomly skips.. I mean sometimes it does, and sometimes it doesn't. Any ideas how to fix this? int main(){ /** get course name, number of students, and assignment name **/ string course_name; int numb_students; string assignment_name; Assignment* assignment; cout << "Enter the name of the course" << endl; cin >> course_name; cout << "Enter the number of students" << endl; cin >> numb_students; cout << "Enter the name of the assignment" << endl; cin >> assignment_name; assignment = new Assignment(assignment_name); /** iterate asking for student name and score **/ int i = 0; string student_name; double student_score = 0.0; while( i < numb_students ){ cout << "Enter the name for student #" << i << endl; cin >> student_name; cout << "Enter the score for student #" << i << endl; cin >> student_score; assignment->addScore( Student( student_name, student_score )); i++; } }

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  • Dynamically add User Controls to a Silverlight 4 page

    - by PilotBob
    I am building an iGoogle like "dashboard" for our application with silverlight 4. Each users dashboard (which snapins and their positions) will be stored in the database. Each snap in is a user control, for example... AwesomeSnapin.xaml. On the dashboard page in silverlight I am retrieving the users dashboard which is a collection of snapin objects which include the information on the snapin. I can store the name of the page or the class or whatever is needed. I have the following code which loops through the collection of snapins to add them to the dashboard page. In testing I have just hard coded a single snapin item. Here is the prototype code: foreach (var UserSnapin in op.Entities) { UserControl uc = new AmsiSL.eFinancials.BudgetCheck(); Canvas.SetLeft(uc, UserSnapin.PositionLeft); Canvas.SetTop(uc, UserSnapin.PositionTop); Layout.Children.Add(uc); MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Added {0}",UserSnapin.Snapin.Name)); } The above works fine... but of course adds the BudgetCheck snapin for every item that is defined for the users dashboard. Of course the messagebox is for debugging purposes only. How would I change line 3 of that to load the user control class (using classname or xaml path whichever is better) based on the data in the collection.

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  • Small-o(n^2) implementation of Polynomial Multiplication

    - by AlanTuring
    I'm having a little trouble with this problem that is listed at the back of my book, i'm currently in the middle of test prep but i can't seem to locate anything regarding this in the book. Anyone got an idea? A real polynomial of degree n is a function of the form f(x)=a(n)x^n+?+a1x+a0, where an,…,a1,a0 are real numbers. In computational situations, such a polynomial is represented by a sequence of its coefficients (a0,a1,…,an). Assuming that any two real numbers can be added/multiplied in O(1) time, design an o(n^2)-time algorithm to compute, given two real polynomials f(x) and g(x) both of degree n, the product h(x)=f(x)g(x). Your algorithm should **not** be based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. Please note it needs to be small-o(n^2), which means it complexity must be sub-quadratic. The obvious solution that i have been finding is indeed the FFT, but of course i can't use that. There is another method that i have found called convolution, where if you take polynomial A to be a signal and polynomial B to be a filter. A passed through B yields a shifted signal that has been "smoothed" by A and the resultant is A*B. This is supposed to work in O(n log n) time. Of course i am completely unsure of implementation. If anyone has any ideas of how to achieve a small-o(n^2) implementation please do share, thanks.

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  • Handling Incoming Mail to Multiple Recipients in PHP

    - by Navarr
    Alright, this may take a moment or two to explain: I'm working on creating an Email<SMS Bridge (like Teleflip). I have a few set parameters to work in: Dreamhost Webhosting PHP 5 (without PEAR) Postfix What I have right now, is a catch-all email address that forwards the email sent to a shell account. The shell account in turn forwards it to my PHP script. The PHP script reads it, strips a few Email Headers in an effort to make sure it sends properly, then forwards it to the number specified as the recipient. [email protected] of course sends an SMS to +1 (555) 123-4567. This works really well, as I am parsing the To field and grabbing just the email address it is sending to. However, what I realized that I did not account for is multiple recipients. For example, an email sent to both 5551234567 and 1235554567 (using the To line, the CC line, or any combination of those). The way email works of course, is I get two emails received, end up parsing each of them separately, and 5551234567 ends up getting the same message twice. What is the best way to handle this situation, so that each number specified in TO and CC can get one copy of the message. In addition, though I doubt its possible: Is there a way to handle BCC the same way?

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  • Modelling Business Logic with NON-Techies

    - by cbmeeks
    The setup: Winform/ASP.NET MVC projects. Learning NHibernate SQL-Server driven apps I work with clients that have no idea how to model an application. That's what I'm for. However, we have lots of conflicts with validation, mis-understandings, etc. For example, the client will ask for an order entry screen. The screen should require a "product". That's fine and dandy. However, the client didn't know to tell me that the user can't order a product of "Class A" unless it's Tuesday. Or, they need a time entry screen. 2 days before it's rolled into production, they casually forgot to mention that certain activities are only valid for certain situations. These situations being a week of coding. That's of course, some crude examples (not by much!). But the problem is getting these non-technical clients to layout their business logic. They somehow didn't realize that the "Class A" problem would come up two weeks later, etc. I'm all for agile programming but is there an easy way to somehow make business logic like this extremely easy to implement and change on almost a daily basis? I of course am splitting the project into hopefully intelligent pieces, using NHibernate, etc. But making this BI logic so dynamic is really making it hard to project timelines, etc. Any suggestions? I know there will never be a perfect client (or a perfect provider) but how do you guys deal with the constant mis-understandings? Thanks.

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  • Photoshop CS5 not recognising activeDocument

    - by Max Kielland
    I wrote a quite big script for Photoshop CS5.1 on my 64bit Vista machine. Now when I run the very same script on my new 64bit Windows 7 machine, Adobe ExtendScript Tool complains about activeDocument (no such element) in this simple script: #target photoshop var pDoc = app.activeDocument; alert("Done!"); I have tried both and without #target and choosing the target in the ExtendedScript Tool. Is there something I have missed, or do I need to install something more. I only installed the 64bit version of Photoshop. Is it so that the 32bit Photoshop has the script extensions? I don't see why I need to install both 32bit and 64bit versions if I'm only going to use the 64bit version. EDIT I installed the 32bit version as well. Tried the same script against 32 and 64 bit, still no difference. SOLVED The mystery is solved. It is embarrassing simple if you interpret the error message more careful. Of course I can't get an activeDocument if there are no documents in Photoshop, duh!?! I interpreted it as the statement activeDocument wasn't recognised, but of course if I have no document there is no such element (as a photoshop document) to give me. I'm used to C++ and would expect the reuslt to be a NULL value or similar if there is a problem to get the document... excuses, excuses ;) Well, if someone else should get into the same problem, here is the answer on my expense :D

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  • ASP.NET MVC on GoDaddy Not Working (Not Primary Domain Deployment)

    - by JPrescottSanders
    I am trying to get ASP.NET MVC working on GoDaddy and I'm not having much luck. I have read the post on SO that covers the subject, but I must have a slightly different configuration or must be missing somehting along the way because the main MVC page comes up, but all links seem to fail and no amount of tweaking the URLs seems to get it to work. A little back ground. I have a single hosting plan with many domains pointed to sub folders of the main domain. Basic ASP.NET web forms pages work just fine, but of course I wanted to try and host a sample MVC site in one of these non-primary domains. You can go to the URL here. As you can see this first page comes up, but if you click on Home or About it doesn't work. Clicking on Home creates this link "http://www.jprescottsanders.com/jps/" and clicking on about creates this link "http://www.jprescottsanders.com/jps/Home/About". As you can see JPS sneaks in there, this of course is the sub folder that i place my web app files in. I would like to know if this is a MVC related issue or a GoDaddy issue. I suspect that MVC may want to sit in the root directory of the site, and when it puts the "jps" into the URLs it breaks the routing mechanisms (but this is conjecture). I know Dan said this was possible so I'm hoping he sees this and helps me get to the bottom of this deployment strategy for MVC.

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  • PHP: Echo function output in function-line, not line of function call

    - by Brill
    I have a problem with my self-coded template system. The content is inserted by Include(). Now I need to add a meta redirect to one page. I know, meta redirect is not the safest way, but I need it because of it's delay possibility. Now i'm looking for a way to influence the wrapping page (template) by the wrapped page (content). So I thought a function can do this job. <?php function test($testvar){ echo $testvar;} ?> <hr /> <?php test("testtext"); ?> Of course the text echos in the line of the function call, not in the function line. Is there a way to make the function echo in the line of the function itself? In this case above the horizontal rule, not below? Of course every other best pratice for this "template problem" ist welcome! THX

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  • Bind postback data from a strong type view of type List<T>

    - by Robert Koritnik
    I have a strong type view of type List<List<MyViewModelClass>> The outer list will always have two lists of List<MyViewModelClass>. For each of the two outer lists I want to display a group of checkboxes. Each set can have an arbitrary number of choices. My view model class looks similar to this: public class MyViewModelClass { public Area Area { get; set; } public bool IsGeneric { get; set; } public string Code { get; set; } public bool IsChecked { get; set; } } So the final view will look something like: Please select those that apply: First set of choices: x Option 1 x Option 2 x Option 3 etc. Second set of choices: x Second Option 1 x Second Option 2 x Second Option 3 x Second Option 4 etc. Checkboxes should display MyViewModelClass.Area.Name, and their value should be related to MyViewModelClass.Area.Id. Checked state is of course related to MyViewModel.IsChecked. Question I wonder how should I use Html.CheckBox() or Html.CheckBoxFor() helper to display my checkboxes? I have to get these values back to the server on a postback of course. I would like to have my controller action like one of these: public ActionResult ConsumeSelections(List<List<MyViewModelClass>> data) { // process data } public ActionResult ConsumeSelections(List<MyViewModelClass> first, List<MyViewModelClass> second) { // process data } If it makes things simpler, I could make a separate view model type like: public class Options { public List First { get; set; } public List Second { get; set; } } As well as changing my first version of controller action to: public ActionResult ConsumeSelections(Options data) { // process data }

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  • Can't seem to load a webview from xml, why?

    - by Bilthon
    Well, I'm trying to follow the tutorial from http://rapidandroid.org/wiki/Graphing. But I found a problem just in the first part of it. I'll describe the problem here, I just cannot understand how this could be wrong, it's pretty simple stuff. What am I doing wrong here? First I created a xml file called statistics.xml, in it among other things I put this code: <WebView android:id="@+id/webview" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_width="fill_parent"/> Now in the activity that is supposed to display this webview I'm doing this: public class DisplayStatistics extends Activity { public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); WebView wv = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview); The problem arises here, as I seem to be getting null for wv whenever I test for it. Which means of course that findViewById(R.id.webview) couldn't find the view. But again, what am I doing wrong?? Of course I know I could also instantiate the webview directly from code without the need to specify it from the xml, but I was just wondering what was wrong about this way of doing it. Just in case I also added the following line in my android manifest file: <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> I'm not really sure if it's necessary for displaying the webview (I think not) but I just put it there to see if that was the problem, and it turned out it isn't. Thanks Nelson

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  • Query for rows including child rows

    - by MAD9
    A few weeks ago, I asked a question about how to generate hierarchical XML from a table, that has a parentID column. It all works fine. The point is, according to the hierarchy, I also want to query a table. I'll give you an example: Thats the table with the codes: ID CODE NAME PARENTID 1 ROOT IndustryCode NULL 2 IND Industry 1 3 CON Consulting 1 4 FIN Finance 1 5 PHARM Pharmaceuticals 2 6 AUTO Automotive 2 7 STRAT Strategy 3 8 IMPL Implementation 3 9 CFIN Corporate Finance 4 10 CMRKT Capital Markets 9 From which I generate (for displaying in a TreeViewControl) this XML: <record key="1" parentkey="" Code="ROOT" Name="IndustryCode"> <record key="2" parentkey="1" Code="IND" Name="Industry"> <record key="5" parentkey="2" Code="PHARM" Name="Pharmaceuticals" /> <record key="6" parentkey="2" Code="AUTO" Name="Automotive" /> </record> <record key="3" parentkey="1" Code="CON" Name="Consulting"> <record key="7" parentkey="3" Code="STRAT" Name="Strategy" /> <record key="8" parentkey="3" Code="IMPL" Name="Implementation" /> </record> <record key="4" parentkey="1" Code="FIN" Name="Finance"> <record key="9" parentkey="4" Code="CFIN" Name="Corporate Finance"> <record key="10" parentkey="9" Code="CMRKT" Name="Capital Markets" /> </record> </record> </record> As you can see, some codes are subordinate to others, for example AUTO << IND << ROOT What I want (and have absolutely no idea how to realise or even, where to start) is to be able to query another table (where one column is this certain code of course) for a code and get all records with the specific code and all subordinate codes For example: I query the other table for "IndustryCode = IND[ustry]" and get (of course) the records containing "IND", but also AUTO[motive] and PHARM[aceutical] (= all subordinates) Its an SQL Express Server 2008 with Advanced Services.

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  • Should I go vor Arrays or Objects in PHP in a CouchDB/Ajax app?

    - by karlthorwald
    I find myself converting between array and object all the time in PHP application that uses couchDB and Ajax. Of course I am also converting objects to JSON and back (for sometimes couchdb but mostly Ajax), but this is not so much disturbing my workflow. At the present I have php objects that are returned by the CouchDB modules I use and on the other hand I have the old habbit to return arrays like array("error"="not found","data"=$dataObj) from my functions. This leads to a mixed occurence of real php objects and nested arrays and I cast with (object) or (array) if necessary. The worst thing is that I know more or less by heart what a function returns, but not what type (array or object), so I often run into type errors. My plan is now to always cast arrays to objects before returning from a function. Of course this implies a lot of refactoring. Is this the right way to go? What about the conversion overhead? Other ideas or tips? Edit: Kenaniah's answer suggests I should go the other way, this would mean I'd cast everything to arrays. And for all the Ajax / JSON stuff and also for CouchDB I would use $myarray = json_decode($json_data,$assoc = false) Even more work to change all the CouchDB and Ajax functions but in the end I have better code.

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  • How should a one-man development shop document their code?

    - by CKoenig
    Hi, please let me first describe my situation. I work in an IT department for a small-to-medium sized industrial-company and basically I'm the only real developer (sometimes a second guy joins in for his own projects). I programm mostly in C#/.net. Of course I only programm for internal need (Intranet, reporting, data-driven apps, some mobile apps, ...). My question is how should I document my work? It's a highly dynamic environment (the features and bug fixes I implement are tested by me during production, and go live, often within a day. If I technical documentation like MSDN or even overview diagramms those would take me more time to sync than the whole programming process. Also I feel it's a waste of time because I would be the only one who ever read it. I do understand that if I get sick, leave, or forget this documentation would be valuable. PS:well of course you are right - the quesion is how much and how/where. I try using the XML-docu comments for the public exposed parts but as I'm a believer in self-documenting code the comments mostly restates in plain text what you can read from the method-head itself :(Maybe using the remarks section is the key but if you have 30 lines of code with a 15 line xml-comment in front it just looks dirty (sorry for posting it here but our firewall rejects JSON :( )

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  • FindControl in DataList Edit Mode

    - by Doug
    As a new .net/C# web begginner, I always get tripped up when I try to use FindControl. Blam -flat on my face. Here is my current FindControl problem: I have an .aspx page and Form, then ajax updatePanel, inside it there is my DataList (DataList1) that has an EditItemTemplate: that has the following: <EditItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="thumbnailUploadLabel" runat="server" text="Upload a new thumbnail image:"/><br /> <asp:FileUpload ID="thumbnailImageUpload" runat="server" /> <asp:Button ID="thunbnailImageUploadButton" runat="server" Text="Upload Now" OnClick="thumbnailUpload"/><br /> </EditItemTemplate> In my C# code behind I have the OnClick code for the fileUpload object: protected void thumbnailUpload(object s, EventArgs e) { if (thumbnailImageUpload.HasFile) { //get name of the file & upload string imageName = thumbnailImageUpload.FileName; thumbnailImageUpload.SaveAs(MapPath("../../images/merch_sm/" + imageName)); //let'em know that it worked (or didn't) thumbnailUploadLabel.Text = "Image " + imageName + "has been uploaded."; } else { thumbnailUploadLabel.Text = "Please choose a thumbnail image to upload."; } So of course I'm getting "Object reference not set to an instance of an object" for the FileUpload and the Label. What is the correct syntax to find these controls, before dealing with them in the OnClick event? The only way Ive used FindControl is something like: label thumbnailUploadLabel = DataList1.FindControl("thumbnailUploadLabel") as Label; But of course this is throwing the "Object reference not set to an instance of an object" error. Any help is very much appreciated. (I've also seen the 'recursive' code out there that is supposed to make using FindControl easier. Ha! I'm so green at C# that I don't even know how to incorporate those into my project.) Thanks to all for taking a look at this.

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  • Struggling to create correct relationships in MS Access

    - by Yandawl
    http://img714.imageshack.us/img714/7820/croppercapture1.png Basically: an award(course) has many units, which can be either optional or core(mandatory), depending on the award. So for example: the unit 'Advanced Software Engineering' maybe a core unit for the award 'Software Engineering BSc' but only an optional unit for the course 'Web Technology BSc'. I've used flags for that purpose. A student is enrolled on an award so I need to get a complete list of core and optional units (bearing in mind that a student chooses 1 out of many possible optional units). Also, these units have events, e.g, a lecture, workshop or seminar, etc. and those events have sessions or instances of events where students enrolled on that particular unit are required to attend, and those attendances are stored in a separate table to form a register. So I need a hierarchy of expanding the tables something like this I guess: Awards - Students - Units - Sessions - Attendances Any help with this would be appreciated... It's blowing my mind and I'm really close to going insane! My tutor didn't spot I'd got it wrong when I showed my original data model to him and it's due in next week! Thank you :D

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  • curl: downloading from dynamic url

    - by adam n
    I'm trying to download an html file with curl in bash. Like this site: http://www.registrar.ucla.edu/schedule/detselect.aspx?termsel=10S&subareasel=PHYSICS&idxcrs=0001B+++ When I download it manually, it works fine. However, when i try and run my script through crontab, the output html file is very small and just says "Object moved to here." with a broken link. Does this have something to do with the sparse environment the crontab commands run it? I found this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1279340/php-ssl-curl-object-moved-error but i'm using bash, not php. What are the equivalent command line options or variables to set to fix this problem in bash? (I want to do this with curl, not wget) Edit: well, sometimes downloading the file manually (via interactive shell) works, but sometimes it doesn't (I still get the "Object moved here" message). So it may not be a a specifically be a problem with cron's environment, but with curl itself. the cron entry: * * * * * ~/.class/test.sh >> ~/.class/test_out 2>&1 test.sh: #! /bin/bash PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/sbin cd ~/.class course="physics 1b" url="http://www.registrar.ucla.edu/schedule/detselect.aspx?termsel=10S<URL>subareasel=PHYSICS<URL>idxcrs=0001B+++" curl "$url" -sLo "$course".html --max-redirs 5 As I was searching around on google, someone suggested that the problem might happen because there are parameters in the url. (Because it is a dynamic url?)

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  • Selecting a good SQL Server 2008 spatial index with large polygons

    - by andynormancx
    I'm having some fun trying to pick a decent SQL Server 2008 spatial index setup for a data set I am dealing with. The dataset is polygons, representing contours over the whole globe. There are 106,000 rows in the table, the polygons are stored in a geometry field. The issue I have is that many of the polygons cover a large portion of the globe. This seems to make it very hard to get a spatial index that will eliminate many rows in the primary filter. For example, look at the following query: SELECT "ID","CODE","geom".STAsBinary() as "geom" FROM "dbo"."ContA" WHERE "geom".Filter( geometry::STGeomFromText('POLYGON ((-142.03193662573682 59.53396984952896, -142.03193662573682 59.88928136451884, -141.32743833481925 59.88928136451884, -141.32743833481925 59.53396984952896, -142.03193662573682 59.53396984952896))', 4326) ) = 1 This is querying an area which intersects with only two of the polygons in the table. No matter what combination of spatial index settings I chose, that Filter() always returns around 60,000 rows. Replacing Filter() with STIntersects() of course returns just the two polygons I want, but of course takes much longer (Filter() is 6 seconds, STIntersects() is 12 seconds). Can anyone give me any hints on whether there is a spatial index setup that is likely to improve on 60,000 rows or is my dataset just not a good match for SQL Server's spatial indexing ?

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  • Unit testing opaque structure based C API

    - by Nicolas Goy
    I have a library I wrote with API based on opaque structures. Using opaque structures has a lot of benefits and I am very happy with it. Now that my API are stable in term of specifications, I'd like to write a complete battery of unit test to ensure a solid base before releasing it. My concern is simple, how do you unit test API based on opaque structures where the main goal is to hide the internal logic? For example, let's take a very simple object, an array with a very simple test: WSArray a = WSArrayCreate(); int foo = 5; WSArrayAppendValue(a, &foo); int *bar = WSArrayGetValueAtIndex(a, 0); if(&foo != bar) printf("Eroneous value returned\n"); else printf("Good value returned\n"); WSRelease(a); Of course, this tests some facts, like the array actually acts as wanted with 1 value, but when I write unit tests, at least in C, I usualy compare the memory footprint of my datastructures with a known state. In my example, I don't know if some internal state of the array is broken. How would you handle that? I'd really like to avoid adding codes in the implementation files only for unit testings, I really emphasis loose coupling of modules, and injecting unit tests into the implementation would seem rather invasive to me. My first thought was to include the implementation file into my unit test, linking my unit test statically to my library. For example: #include <WS/WS.h> #include <WS/Collection/Array.c> static void TestArray(void) { WSArray a = WSArrayCreate(); /* Structure members are available because we included Array.c */ printf("%d\n", a->count); } Is that a good idea? Of course, the unit tests won't benefit from encapsulation, but they are here to ensure it's actually working.

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  • Need help finding a good curriculum/methodology for self-teaching to program from scratch

    - by BrotherGA2
    My friend and I have both dedicated ourselves to learning the essentials of programming by June of this year from nearly no programming experience. I have done some research and have come to the conclusion that using the Python language will be the best for us, but I am open to suggestions with good reasoning behind them. My motives for learning programming are: Potential Career Path to be able to create programs that can: solve problems; entertain, i.e. useful applications and games. Online college lectures + book (which I am willing to purchase) sounds like a good combination, but I do not know which would be most suitable for me. tl;dr: What I would like to find from the excellent people here is the following: a good, potentially best, programming course and/or book that is well structured and uses good pedagogy so that a person dedicated to learn programming may do so by following its curriculum (or use it to develop a curriculum) over the course of a few months. Thanks! (I apologize if this type of question is not considered proper etiquette, but I haven't found a consensus on this, and would like some guidance beyond the research I've already done)

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  • how useful is Turing completeness? are neural nets turing complete?

    - by Albert
    While reading some papers about the Turing completeness of recurrent neural nets (for example: Turing computability with neural nets, Hava T. Siegelmann and Eduardo D. Sontag, 1991), I got the feeling that the proof which was given there was not really that practical. For example the referenced paper needs a neural network which neuron activity must be of infinity exactness (to reliable represent any rational number). Other proofs need a neural network of infinite size. Clearly, that is not really that practical. But I started to wonder now if it does make sense at all to ask for Turing completeness. By the strict definition, no computer system nowadays is Turing complete because none of them will be able to simulate the infinite tape. Interestingly, programming language specification leaves it most often open if they are turing complete or not. It all boils down to the question if they will always be able to allocate more memory and if the function call stack size is infinite. Most specification don't really specify this. Of course all available implementations are limited here, so all practical implementations of programming languages are not Turing complete. So, what you can say is that all computer systems are just equally powerful as finite state machines and not more. And that brings me to the question: How useful is the term Turing complete at all? And back to neural nets: For any practical implementation of a neural net (including our own brain), they will not be able to represent an infinite number of states, i.e. by the strict definition of Turing completeness, they are not Turing complete. So does the question if neural nets are Turing complete make sense at all? The question if they are as powerful as finite state machines was answered already much earlier (1954 by Minsky, the answer of course: yes) and also seems easier to answer. I.e., at least in theory, that was already the proof that they are as powerful as any computer.

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  • Query column and everything subordinate (hard to describe, non native speaker, PLS let me explain)

    - by MAD9
    A few weeks ago, I asked a question about how to generate hierarchical XML from a table, that has a parentID column. It all works fine. The point is, according to the hierarchy, I also want to query a table. I'll give you an example: Thats the table with the codes: ID CODE NAME PARENTID 1 ROOT IndustryCode NULL 2 IND Industry 1 3 CON Consulting 1 4 FIN Finance 1 5 PHARM Pharmaceuticals 2 6 AUTO Automotive 2 7 STRAT Strategy 3 8 IMPL Implementation 3 9 CFIN Corporate Finance 4 10 CMRKT Capital Markets 9 From which I generate (for displaying in a TreeViewControl) this XML: <record key="1" parentkey="" Code="ROOT" Name="IndustryCode"> <record key="2" parentkey="1" Code="IND" Name="Industry"> <record key="5" parentkey="2" Code="PHARM" Name="Pharmaceuticals" /> <record key="6" parentkey="2" Code="AUTO" Name="Automotive" /> </record> <record key="3" parentkey="1" Code="CON" Name="Consulting"> <record key="7" parentkey="3" Code="STRAT" Name="Strategy" /> <record key="8" parentkey="3" Code="IMPL" Name="Implementation" /> </record> <record key="4" parentkey="1" Code="FIN" Name="Finance"> <record key="9" parentkey="4" Code="CFIN" Name="Corporate Finance"> <record key="10" parentkey="9" Code="CMRKT" Name="Capital Markets" /> </record> </record> </record> As you can see, some codes are subordinate to others, for example AUTO << IND << ROOT What I want (and have absolutely no idea how to realise or even, where to start) is to be able to query another table (where one column is this certain code of course) for a code and get all records with the specific code and all subordinate codes For example: I query the other table for "IndustryCode = IND[ustry]" and get (of course) the records containing "IND", but also AUTO[motive] and PHARM[aceutical] (= all subordinates) Its an SQL Express Server 2008 with Advanced Services.

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  • Delete element from Set

    - by Blitzkr1eg
    Hi. I have 2 classes Tema(Homework) and Disciplina (course), where a Course has a Set of homeworks. In Hibernate i have mapped this to a one-to-many associations like this: <class name="model.Disciplina" table="devgar_scoala.discipline" > <id name="id" > <generator class="increment"/> </id> <set name="listaTeme" table="devgar_scoala.teme"> <key column="Discipline_id" not-null="true" ></key> <one-to-many class="model.Tema" ></one-to-many> </set> </class> <class name="model.Tema" table="devgar_scoala.teme" > <id name="id"> <generator class="increment" /> </id> <property name="titlu" type="string" /> <property name="cerinta" type="binary"> <column name="cerinta" sql-type="blob" /> </property> </class> The problem is that it will add (insert rows in the table 'Teme') but it won't delete any rows and i get no exceptions thrown. Im using the merge() method.

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