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• Dynamic Array of Objects Sans Vector Class

  - by Connor Black

  I am doing a homework assignment for my summer OO class and we need to write two classes. One is called Sale and the other is called Register. I've written my Sale class; here's the .h file: enum ItemType {BOOK, DVD, SOFTWARE, CREDIT}; class Sale { public: Sale(); // default constructor, // sets numerical member data to 0 void MakeSale(ItemType x, double amt); ItemType Item(); // Returns the type of item in the sale double Price(); // Returns the price of the sale double Tax(); // Returns the amount of tax on the sale double Total(); // Returns the total price of the sale void Display(); // outputs sale info private: double price; // price of item or amount of credit double tax; // amount of sales tax double total; // final price once tax is added in. ItemType item; // transaction type }; For the Register class we need to include a dynamic array of Sale objects in our member data. We cannot use the vector class. How is this done? Here's my 'Register' '.h' class Register{ public: Register(int ident, int amount); ~Register(); int GetID(){return identification;} int GetAmount(){return amountMoney;} void RingUpSale(ItemType item, int basePrice); void ShowLast(); void ShowAll(); void Cancel(); int SalesTax(int n); private: int identification; int amountMoney; };

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• GZip/Deflate Compression in ASP.NET MVC

  - by Rick Strahl

  A long while back I wrote about GZip compression in ASP.NET. In that article I describe two generic helper methods that I've used in all sorts of ASP.NET application from WebForms apps to HttpModules and HttpHandlers that require gzip or deflate compression. The same static methods also work in ASP.NET MVC. Here are the two routines:/// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } /// <summary> /// Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter /// IMPORTANT: /// You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() { HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response; if (IsGZipSupported()) { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip")) { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); } else { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate"); } } // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); } The first method checks whether the client sending the request includes the accept-encoding for either gzip or deflate, and if if it does it returns true. The second function uses IsGzipSupported() to decide whether it should encode content and uses an Response Filter to do its job. Basically response filters look at the Response output stream as it's written and convert the data flowing through it. Filters are a bit tricky to work with but the two .NET filter streams for GZip and Deflate Compression make this a snap to implement. In my old code and even now in MVC I can always do:public ActionResult List(string keyword=null, int category=0) { WebUtils.GZipEncodePage(); …} to encode my content. And that works just fine. The proper way: Create an ActionFilterAttribute However in MVC this sort of thing is typically better handled by an ActionFilter which can be applied with an attribute. So to be all prim and proper I created an CompressContentAttribute ActionFilter that incorporates those two helper methods and which looks like this:/// <summary> /// Attribute that can be added to controller methods to force content /// to be GZip encoded if the client supports it /// </summary> public class CompressContentAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { /// <summary> /// Override to compress the content that is generated by /// an action method. /// </summary> /// <param name="filterContext"></param> public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { GZipEncodePage(); } /// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } /// <summary> /// Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter /// IMPORTANT: /// You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() { HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response; if (IsGZipSupported()) { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip")) { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); } else { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate"); } } // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); } } It's basically the same code wrapped into an ActionFilter attribute, which intercepts requests MVC requests to Controller methods and lets you hook up logic before and after the methods have executed. Here I want to override OnActionExecuting() which fires before the Controller action is fired. With the CompressContentAttribute created, it can now be applied to either the controller as a whole:[CompressContent] public class ClassifiedsController : ClassifiedsBaseController { … } or to one of the Action methods:[CompressContent] public ActionResult List(string keyword=null, int category=0) { … } The former applies compression to every action method, while the latter is selective and only applies it to the individual action method. Is the attribute better than the static utility function? Not really, but it is the standard MVC way to hook up 'filter' content and that's where others are likely to expect to set options like this. In fact,  you have a bit more control with the utility function because you can conditionally apply it in code, but this is actually much less likely in MVC applications than old WebForms apps since controller methods tend to be more focused. Compression Caveats Http compression is very cool and pretty easy to implement in ASP.NET but you have to be careful with it - especially if your content might get transformed or redirected inside of ASP.NET. A good example, is if an error occurs and a compression filter is applied. ASP.NET errors don't clear the filter, but clear the Response headers which results in some nasty garbage because the compressed content now no longer matches the headers. Another issue is Caching, which has to account for all possible ways of compression and non-compression that the content is served. Basically compressed content and caching don't mix well. I wrote about several of these issues in an old blog post and I recommend you take a quick peek before diving into making every bit of output Gzip encoded. None of these are show stoppers, but you have to be aware of the issues. Related Posts GZip Compression with ASP.NET Content ASP.NET GZip Encoding Caveats© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in ASP.NET  MVC   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• ODI 12c - Parallel Table Load

  - by David Allan

  In this post we will look at the ODI 12c capability of parallel table load from the aspect of the mapping developer and the knowledge module developer - two quite different viewpoints. This is about parallel table loading which isn't to be confused with loading multiple targets per se. It supports the ability for ODI mappings to be executed concurrently especially if there is an overlap of the datastores that they access, so any temporary resources created may be uniquely constructed by ODI. Temporary objects can be anything basically - common examples are staging tables, indexes, views, directories - anything in the ETL to help the data integration flow do its job. In ODI 11g users found a few workarounds (such as changing the technology prefixes - see here) to build unique temporary names but it was more of a challenge in error cases. ODI 12c mappings by default operate exactly as they did in ODI 11g with respect to these temporary names (this is also true for upgraded interfaces and scenarios) but can be configured to support the uniqueness capabilities. We will look at this feature from two aspects; that of a mapping developer and that of a developer (of procedures or KMs). 1. Firstly as a Mapping Developer..... 1.1 Control when uniqueness is enabled A new property is available to set unique name generation on/off. When unique names have been enabled for a mapping, all temporary names used by the collection and integration objects will be generated using unique names. This property is presented as a check-box in the Property Inspector for a deployment specification. 1.2 Handle cleanup after successful execution Provided that all temporary objects that are created have a corresponding drop statement then all of the temporary objects should be removed during a successful execution. This should be the case with the KMs developed by Oracle. 1.3 Handle cleanup after unsuccessful execution If an execution failed in ODI 11g then temporary tables would have been left around and cleaned up in the subsequent run. In ODI 12c, KM tasks can now have a cleanup-type task which is executed even after a failure in the main tasks. These cleanup tasks will be executed even on failure if the property 'Remove Temporary Objects on Error' is set. If the agent was to crash and not be able to execute this task, then there is an ODI tool (OdiRemoveTemporaryObjects here) you can invoke to cleanup the tables - it supports date ranges and the like. That's all there is to it from the aspect of the mapping developer it's much, much simpler and straightforward. You can now execute the same mapping concurrently or execute many mappings using the same resource concurrently without worrying about conflict.  2. Secondly as a Procedure or KM Developer..... In the ODI Operator the executed code shows the actual name that is generated - you can also see the runtime code prior to execution (introduced in 11.1.1.7), for example below in the code type I selected 'Pre-executed Code' this lets you see the code about to be processed and you can also see the executed code (which is the default view). References to the collection (C$) and integration (I$) names will be automatically made unique by using the odiRef APIs - these objects will have unique names whenever concurrency has been enabled for a particular mapping deployment specification. It's also possible to use name uniqueness functions in procedures and your own KMs. 2.1 New uniqueness tags  You can also make your own temporary objects have unique names by explicitly including either %UNIQUE_STEP_TAG or %UNIQUE_SESSION_TAG in the name passed to calls to the odiRef APIs. Such names would always include the unique tag regardless of the concurrency setting. To illustrate, let's look at the getObjectName() method. At <% expansion time, this API will append %UNIQUE_STEP_TAG to the object name for collection and integration tables. The name parameter passed to this API may contain  %UNIQUE_STEP_TAG or %UNIQUE_SESSION_TAG. This API always generates to the <? version of getObjectName() At execution time this API will replace the unique tag macros with a string that is unique to the current execution scope. The returned name will conform to the name-length restriction for the target technology, and its pattern for the unique tag. Any necessary truncation will be performed against the initial name for the object and any other fixed text that may have been specified. Examples are:- <?=odiRef.getObjectName("L", "%COL_PRFEMP%UNIQUE_STEP_TAG", "D")?> SCOTT.C$_EABH7QI1BR1EQI3M76PG9SIMBQQ <?=odiRef.getObjectName("L", "EMP%UNIQUE_STEP_TAG_AE", "D")?> SCOTT.EMPAO96Q2JEKO0FTHQP77TMSAIOSR_ Methods which have this kind of support include getFrom, getTableName, getTable, getObjectShortName and getTemporaryIndex. There are APIs for retrieving this tag info also, the getInfo API has been extended with the following properties (the UNIQUE* properties can also be used in ODI procedures); UNIQUE_STEP_TAG - Returns the unique value for the current step scope, e.g. 5rvmd8hOIy7OU2o1FhsF61 Note that this will be a different value for each loop-iteration when the step is in a loop. UNIQUE_SESSION_TAG - Returns the unique value for the current session scope, e.g. 6N38vXLrgjwUwT5MseHHY9 IS_CONCURRENT - Returns info about the current mapping, will return 0 or 1 (only in % phase) GUID_SRC_SET - Returns the UUID for the current source set/execution unit (only in % phase) The getPop API has been extended with the IS_CONCURRENT property which returns info about an mapping, will return 0 or 1.  2.2 Additional APIs Some new APIs are provided including getFormattedName which will allow KM developers to construct a name from fixed-text or ODI symbols that can be optionally truncate to a max length and use a specific encoding for the unique tag. It has syntax getFormattedName(String pName[, String pTechnologyCode]) This API is available at both the % and the ? phase.  The format string can contain the ODI prefixes that are available for getObjectName(), e.g. %INT_PRF, %COL_PRF, %ERR_PRF, %IDX_PRF alongwith %UNIQUE_STEP_TAG or %UNIQUE_SESSION_TAG. The latter tags will be expanded into a unique string according to the specified technology. Calls to this API within the same execution context are guaranteed to return the same unique name provided that the same parameters are passed to the call. e.g. <%=odiRef.getFormattedName("%COL_PRFMY_TABLE%UNIQUE_STEP_TAG_AE", "ORACLE")%> <?=odiRef.getFormattedName("%COL_PRFMY_TABLE%UNIQUE_STEP_TAG_AE", "ORACLE")?> C$_MY_TAB7wDiBe80vBog1auacS1xB_AE <?=odiRef.getFormattedName("%COL_PRFMY_TABLE%UNIQUE_STEP_TAG.log", "FILE")?> C2_MY_TAB7wDiBe80vBog1auacS1xB.log 2.3 Name length generation  As part of name generation, the length of the generated name will be compared with the maximum length for the target technology and truncation may need to be applied. When a unique tag is included in the generated string it is important that uniqueness is not compromised by truncation of the unique tag. When a unique tag is NOT part of the generated name, the name will be truncated by removing characters from the end - this is the existing 11g algorithm. When a unique tag is included, the algorithm will first truncate the <postfix> and if necessary  the <prefix>. It is recommended that users will ensure there is sufficient uniqueness in the <prefix> section to ensure uniqueness of the final resultant name. SUMMARY To summarize, ODI 12c make it much simpler to utilize mappings in concurrent cases and provides APIs for helping developing any procedures or custom knowledge modules in such a way they can be used in highly concurrent, parallel scenarios. 

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Comparer&lt;T&gt;.Default

  - by James Michael Hare

  I’ve been working with a wonderful team on a major release where I work, which has had the side-effect of occupying most of my spare time preparing, testing, and monitoring.  However, I do have this Little Wonder tidbit to offer today. Introduction The IComparable<T> interface is great for implementing a natural order for a data type.  It’s a very simple interface with a single method: 1: public interface IComparer<in T> 2: { 3: // Compare two instances of same type. 4: int Compare(T x, T y); 5: }  So what do we expect for the integer return value?  It’s a pseudo-relative measure of the ordering of x and y, which returns an integer value in much the same way C++ returns an integer result from the strcmp() c-style string comparison function: If x == y, returns 0. If x > y, returns > 0 (often +1, but not guaranteed) If x < y, returns < 0 (often –1, but not guaranteed) Notice that the comparison operator used to evaluate against zero should be the same comparison operator you’d use as the comparison operator between x and y.  That is, if you want to see if x > y you’d see if the result > 0. The Problem: Comparing With null Can Be Messy This gets tricky though when you have null arguments.  According to the MSDN, a null value should be considered equal to a null value, and a null value should be less than a non-null value.  So taking this into account we’d expect this instead: If x == y (or both null), return 0. If x > y (or y only is null), return > 0. If x < y (or x only is null), return < 0. But here’s the problem – if x is null, what happens when we attempt to call CompareTo() off of x? 1: // what happens if x is null? 2: x.CompareTo(y); It’s pretty obvious we’ll get a NullReferenceException here.  Now, we could guard against this before calling CompareTo(): 1: int result; 2:  3: // first check to see if lhs is null. 4: if (x == null) 5: { 6: // if lhs null, check rhs to decide on return value. 7: if (y == null) 8: { 9: result = 0; 10: } 11: else 12: { 13: result = -1; 14: } 15: } 16: else 17: { 18: // CompareTo() should handle a null y correctly and return > 0 if so. 19: result = x.CompareTo(y); 20: } Of course, we could shorten this with the ternary operator (?:), but even then it’s ugly repetitive code: 1: int result = (x == null) 2: ? ((y == null) ? 0 : -1) 3: : x.CompareTo(y); Fortunately, the null issues can be cleaned up by drafting in an external Comparer.  The Soltuion: Comparer<T>.Default You can always develop your own instance of IComparer<T> for the job of comparing two items of the same type.  The nice thing about a IComparer is its is independent of the things you are comparing, so this makes it great for comparing in an alternative order to the natural order of items, or when one or both of the items may be null. 1: public class NullableIntComparer : IComparer<int?> 2: { 3: public int Compare(int? x, int? y) 4: { 5: return (x == null) 6: ? ((y == null) ? 0 : -1) 7: : x.Value.CompareTo(y); 8: } 9: }  Now, if you want a custom sort -- especially on large-grained objects with different possible sort fields -- this is the best option you have.  But if you just want to take advantage of the natural ordering of the type, there is an easier way.  If the type you want to compare already implements IComparable<T> or if the type is System.Nullable<T> where T implements IComparable, there is a class in the System.Collections.Generic namespace called Comparer<T> which exposes a property called Default that will create a singleton that represents the default comparer for items of that type.  For example: 1: // compares integers 2: var intComparer = Comparer<int>.Default; 3:  4: // compares DateTime values 5: var dateTimeComparer = Comparer<DateTime>.Default; 6:  7: // compares nullable doubles using the null rules! 8: var nullableDoubleComparer = Comparer<double?>.Default;  This helps you avoid having to remember the messy null logic and makes it to compare objects where you don’t know if one or more of the values is null. This works especially well when creating say an IComparer<T> implementation for a large-grained class that may or may not contain a field.  For example, let’s say you want to create a sorting comparer for a stock open price, but if the market the stock is trading in hasn’t opened yet, the open price will be null.  We could handle this (assuming a reasonable Quote definition) like: 1: public class Quote 2: { 3: // the opening price of the symbol quoted 4: public double? Open { get; set; } 5:  6: // ticker symbol 7: public string Symbol { get; set; } 8:  9: // etc. 10: } 11:  12: public class OpenPriceQuoteComparer : IComparer<Quote> 13: { 14: // Compares two quotes by opening price 15: public int Compare(Quote x, Quote y) 16: { 17: return Comparer<double?>.Default.Compare(x.Open, y.Open); 18: } 19: } Summary Defining a custom comparer is often needed for non-natural ordering or defining alternative orderings, but when you just want to compare two items that are IComparable<T> and account for null behavior, you can use the Comparer<T>.Default comparer generator and you’ll never have to worry about correct null value sorting again.     Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Little Wonders,BlackRabbitCoder,IComparable,Comparer

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• Creating a dynamic proxy generator – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and cach

  - by SeanMcAlinden

  I’ve recently started a project with a few mates to learn the ins and outs of Dependency Injection, AOP and a number of other pretty crucial patterns of development as we’ve all been using these patterns for a while but have relied totally on third part solutions to do the magic. We thought it would be interesting to really get into the details by rolling our own IoC container and hopefully learn a lot on the way, and you never know, we might even create an excellent framework. The open source project is called Rapid IoC and is hosted at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ One of the most interesting tasks for me is creating the dynamic proxy generator for enabling Aspect Orientated Programming (AOP). In this series of articles, I’m going to track each step I take for creating the dynamic proxy generator and I’ll try my best to explain what everything means - mainly as I’ll be using Reflection.Emit to emit a fair amount of intermediate language code (IL) to create the proxy types at runtime which can be a little taxing to read. It’s worth noting that building the proxy is without a doubt going to be slightly painful so I imagine there will be plenty of areas I’ll need to change along the way. Anyway lets get started…   Part 1 - Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Part 1 is going to be a really nice simple start, I’m just going to start by creating the assembly, module and type caches. The reason we need to create caches for the assembly, module and types is simply to save the overhead of recreating proxy types that have already been generated, this will be one of the important steps to ensure that the framework is fast… kind of important as we’re calling the IoC container ‘Rapid’ – will be a little bit embarrassing if we manage to create the slowest framework. The Assembly builder The assembly builder is what is used to create an assembly at runtime, we’re going to have two overloads, one will be for the actual use of the proxy generator, the other will be mainly for testing purposes as it will also save the assembly so we can use Reflector to examine the code that has been created. Here’s the code: DynamicAssemblyBuilder using System; using System.Reflection; using System.Reflection.Emit; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Assembly {     /// <summary>     /// Class for creating an assembly builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicAssemblyBuilder     {         #region Create           /// <summary>         /// Creates an assembly builder.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="assemblyName">Name of the assembly.</param>         public static AssemblyBuilder Create(string assemblyName)         {             AssemblyName name = new AssemblyName(assemblyName);               AssemblyBuilder assembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(                     name, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);               DynamicAssemblyCache.Add(assembly);               return assembly;         }           /// <summary>         /// Creates an assembly builder and saves the assembly to the passed in location.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="assemblyName">Name of the assembly.</param>         /// <param name="filePath">The file path.</param>         public static AssemblyBuilder Create(string assemblyName, string filePath)         {             AssemblyName name = new AssemblyName(assemblyName);               AssemblyBuilder assembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(                     name, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave, filePath);               DynamicAssemblyCache.Add(assembly);               return assembly;         }           #endregion     } }   So hopefully the above class is fairly explanatory, an AssemblyName is created using the passed in string for the actual name of the assembly. An AssemblyBuilder is then constructed with the current AppDomain and depending on the overload used, it is either just run in the current context or it is set up ready for saving. It is then added to the cache.   DynamicAssemblyCache using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Exceptions; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Resources.Exceptions;   namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Assembly {     /// <summary>     /// Cache for storing the dynamic assembly builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicAssemblyCache     {         #region Declarations           private static object syncRoot = new object();         internal static AssemblyBuilder Cache = null;           #endregion           #region Adds a dynamic assembly to the cache.           /// <summary>         /// Adds a dynamic assembly builder to the cache.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="assemblyBuilder">The assembly builder.</param>         public static void Add(AssemblyBuilder assemblyBuilder)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Cache = assemblyBuilder;             }         }           #endregion           #region Gets the cached assembly                  /// <summary>         /// Gets the cached assembly builder.         /// </summary>         /// <returns></returns>         public static AssemblyBuilder Get         {             get             {                 lock (syncRoot)                 {                     if (Cache != null)                     {                         return Cache;                     }                 }                   throw new RapidDynamicProxyAssertionException(AssertionResources.NoAssemblyInCache);             }         }           #endregion     } } The cache is simply a static property that will store the AssemblyBuilder (I know it’s a little weird that I’ve made it public, this is for testing purposes, I know that’s a bad excuse but hey…) There are two methods for using the cache – Add and Get, these just provide thread safe access to the cache.   The Module Builder The module builder is required as the create proxy classes will need to live inside a module within the assembly. Here’s the code: DynamicModuleBuilder using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Assembly; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Module {     /// <summary>     /// Class for creating a module builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicModuleBuilder     {         /// <summary>         /// Creates a module builder using the cached assembly.         /// </summary>         public static ModuleBuilder Create()         {             string assemblyName = DynamicAssemblyCache.Get.GetName().Name;               ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder = DynamicAssemblyCache.Get.DefineDynamicModule                 (assemblyName, string.Format("{0}.dll", assemblyName));               DynamicModuleCache.Add(moduleBuilder);               return moduleBuilder;         }     } } As you can see, the module builder is created on the assembly that lives in the DynamicAssemblyCache, the module is given the assembly name and also a string representing the filename if the assembly is to be saved. It is then added to the DynamicModuleCache. DynamicModuleCache using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Exceptions; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Resources.Exceptions; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Module {     /// <summary>     /// Class for storing the module builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicModuleCache     {         #region Declarations           private static object syncRoot = new object();         internal static ModuleBuilder Cache = null;           #endregion           #region Add           /// <summary>         /// Adds a dynamic module builder to the cache.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="moduleBuilder">The module builder.</param>         public static void Add(ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Cache = moduleBuilder;             }         }           #endregion           #region Get           /// <summary>         /// Gets the cached module builder.         /// </summary>         /// <returns></returns>         public static ModuleBuilder Get         {             get             {                 lock (syncRoot)                 {                     if (Cache != null)                     {                         return Cache;                     }                 }                   throw new RapidDynamicProxyAssertionException(AssertionResources.NoModuleInCache);             }         }           #endregion     } }   The DynamicModuleCache is very similar to the assembly cache, it is simply a statically stored module with thread safe Add and Get methods.   The DynamicTypeCache To end off this post, I’m going to create the cache for storing the generated proxy classes. I’ve spent a fair amount of time thinking about the type of collection I should use to store the types and have finally decided that for the time being I’m going to use a generic dictionary. This may change when I can actually performance test the proxy generator but the time being I think it makes good sense in theory, mainly as it pretty much maintains it’s performance with varying numbers of items – almost constant (0)1. Plus I won’t ever need to loop through the items which is not the dictionaries strong point. Here’s the code as it currently stands: DynamicTypeCache using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types {     /// <summary>     /// Cache for storing proxy types.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicTypeCache     {         #region Declarations           static object syncRoot = new object();         public static Dictionary<string, Type> Cache = new Dictionary<string, Type>();           #endregion           /// <summary>         /// Adds a proxy to the type cache.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="type">The type.</param>         /// <param name="proxy">The proxy.</param>         public static void AddProxyForType(Type type, Type proxy)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Cache.Add(GetHashCode(type.AssemblyQualifiedName), proxy);             }         }           /// <summary>         /// Tries the type of the get proxy for.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="type">The type.</param>         /// <returns></returns>         public static Type TryGetProxyForType(Type type)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Type proxyType;                 Cache.TryGetValue(GetHashCode(type.AssemblyQualifiedName), out proxyType);                 return proxyType;             }         }           #region Private Methods           private static string GetHashCode(string fullName)         {             SHA1CryptoServiceProvider provider = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();             Byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(fullName);             Byte[] hash = provider.ComputeHash(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);             return Convert.ToBase64String(hash);         }           #endregion     } } As you can see, there are two public methods, one for adding to the cache and one for getting from the cache. Hopefully they should be clear enough, the Get is a TryGet as I do not want the dictionary to throw an exception if a proxy doesn’t exist within the cache. Other than that I’ve decided to create a key using the SHA1CryptoServiceProvider, this may change but my initial though is the SHA1 algorithm is pretty fast to put together using the provider and it is also very unlikely to have any hashing collisions. (there are some maths behind how unlikely this is – here’s the wiki if you’re interested http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA_hash_functions)   Anyway, that’s the end of part 1 – although I haven’t started any of the fun stuff (by fun I mean hairpulling, teeth grating Relfection.Emit style fun), I’ve got the basis of the DynamicProxy in place so all we have to worry about now is creating the types, interceptor classes, method invocation information classes and finally a really nice fluent interface that will abstract all of the hard-core craziness away and leave us with a lightning fast, easy to use AOP framework. Hope you find the series interesting. All of the source code can be viewed and/or downloaded at our codeplex site - http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ Kind Regards, Sean.

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• Where can I report an issue with IIS?

  - by Nathan Taylor

  While working with an ASP.NET application on Chrome for Android I discovered that Request.Browser.Cookies returns False for that browser (despite the browser supporting cookies). Based on what I've read, this indicates a problem with the database which ASP.NET (and, I assume, IIS) uses to look up information about different UserAgents. The fact that it returns False means that the database is either missing Chrome for Android, or has invalid data for it. What is the a proper place to report IIS issues like this?

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• Unable to mount device on Linux (XFS)

  - by gunnx

  I am unable to mount a device on my server due to error when mounting, the device is type XFS. The mount command returns message: "mount: structure needs cleaning" I've tried using xfs_check and it just returns a message saying that there are entries in the log that need relaying and that you need to run xfs_repair -L where "-L" option deletes the log file but might/will result in data loss/corruption. Does anyone know if you can access/mount the drive without repairing, or anyway to minimise data loss?

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• How to pass $_GET variables to a PHP script via the command line?

  - by George Edison

  I am trying to create a webserver that serves PHP scripts. Currently, it works as follows: The client requests /index.php?test=value The server invokes php index.php The server feeds the HTTP request headers as STDIN to the PHP process The server reads the output of php from STDOUT and returns it to the client All of this is working except that the parameters are not being passed to the PHP script because: var_dump($_GET); returns: array(0) { } How do $_GET parameters get passed to the PHP binary when it is invoked?

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• Get Used rather than Provisioned space in PowerCLI

  - by Matt

  I'm trying to run a capacity report, and when I run the Get-HardDisk cmdlet in PowerCLI, the value it returns for CapacityKB is the Provisioned space. For example, let's say I've thin provisioned a 200GB disk, which is currently using say 30GB, it returns the 200GB value. Is there any way I can get the other value? I need to know how much disk space is actually being used on the LUN by the vmdk file. My PowerCLI version is 5.0.1.

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• Accidentally broke/remapped git command line command

  - by Kevin Teh

  I think I accidentally remapped my git command to automatically include the subcommand credential-osxkeychain on the command line while trying to install a git credential-helper. When I enter $git it now displays Usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase> How can I fix it? Entering $alias returns alias rvm-restart='rvm_reload_flag=1 source '\''/Users/teh/.rvm/scripts/rvm'\''' Entering $which git returns /usr/bin/git I think the problem may have began when I entered a command to move git-credential-osxkeychain into /usr/bin/git instead of /usr/bin/

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• Tools to extract text from powerpoint pptx in linux?

  - by felix

  Any there any linux tools that will extract the text from a Powerpoint pptx file? I tried catppt but it just returns file.pptx is not OLE file or Error. abiword --to=txt file.pptx also returns an empty text file. I can open the file in libreoffice but it doesn't seem to have an "export as text" option. As a guess I also tried libreoffice --headless --convert-to txt:Text file.pptx but that doesn't even return an empty file.

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• WAMP - phpMyAdmin is loading a blank browser (Firefox)

  - by Michael

  I recently uninstalled an older version of WAMP then installed the latest version. The link to the localhost displays the WAMPSERVER home page successfully. However, the http://localhost/phpmyadmin/ returns only a blank browser - it displays nothing. localhost/sqlitemanager/ returns a Forbidden You don't have permission to access /sqlitemanager/ on this server. This seems to be a 403 forbidden error I've looked everywhere for an answer to this. Help please

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• How do I get Firefox to return to the previous tab when closing a tab?

  - by tengfred

  In Opera, when closing a tab, focus returns to the most recently used tab, while in firefox, it returns focus to the right-most tab. I find that the Opera behaviour is almost always what I want. Is there anyway to get this behaviour in Firefox?

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• c# RegEx with "|"

  - by WtFudgE

  I need to be able to check for a pattern with | in them. For example an expression like d*|*t should return true for a string like "dtest|test". I'm no regex hero so I just tried a couple of things, like: Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*\|*d"); //unable to build because of single backslash Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*|*d"); //argument exception error Regex Pattern = new Regex(@"s*\|*d"); //returns true when I use "dtest" as input, so incorrect Regex Pattern = new Regex(@"s*|*d"); //argument exception error Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*\\|*d"); //returns true when I use "dtest" as input, so incorrect Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*" + "\\|" + "*d"); //returns true when I use "dtest" as input, so incorrect Regex Pattern = new Regex(@"s*\\|*d"); //argument exception error I'm a bit out of options, what should I then use? I mean this is pretty basic RegEx i know, but I'm not getting it for some reason.. Thx

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• JSON Feed Returning null while using jQuery getJSON

  - by Oscar Godson

  http://portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/json.cfm?c=27321 It's returning null. I don't really have access to this. I have to have a server admin update the feed to my liking, so if you can tell me how to get this to work as is, without adding tags to my HTML please let me know. I will be using this with jQuery, and ive been trying to use getJSON which is what returns null. $.getJSON('http://portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/json.cfm?c=27321',function(json){ alert(json); }); that returns null. But if i use a flickr feed for example, it works fine. it returns what it should, [onject Object]. Any ideas?

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• SQL: Return "true" if list of records exists?

  - by User

  An alternative title might be: Check for existence of multiple rows? Using a combination of SQL and C# I want a method to return true if all products in a list exist in a table. If it can be done in all in SQL that would be preferable. I have written a method that returns whether a single productID exists using the following SQL: SELECT productID FROM Products WHERE ProductID = @productID If this returns a row, then the c# method returns true, false otherwise. Now I'm wondering if I have a list of product IDs (not a huge list mind you, normally under 20). How can I write a query that will return a row if all the product id's exist and no row if one or more product id's does not exist? (Maybe something involving "IN" like: SELECT * FROM Products WHERE ProductID IN (1, 10, 100))

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• StreamReader.ReadToEnd() returning an empty string

  - by axk

  I have a method private static String DecompressAndDecode(byte[] data) { GZipStream decompressor = new GZipStream(new MemoryStream(data), CompressionMode.Decompress); StreamReader decompressed = new StreamReader(decompressor, Encoding.UTF8); String result = decompressed.ReadToEnd(); return result; } I have some GZipped text as input and the result is supposed to be a String representation of this text. The problem is that the method returns an empty string. What is puzzling me is that when I step trough the method in debug mode and reach the return statement the result variable is an empty string but if I create a watch for the decompressed.ReadToEnd() expression it returns me the text. What I would expect at this point is the result variable to contain the text and the decompressed.ReadToEnd() expression evaluating to an empty string. (Reevaluating the decompressed.ReadToEnd() expression returns an empty string as expected). There must be something obvious I'm missing here.

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• How to decode Google spreadsheet's Json respose as a Php Array

  - by Mohammad

  My google Docs Spreadsheet call returns this response in the json format (I only need everything after "rows") please look at the formatted response here : ) I use php's json_decode function to parse the data and use it (Yes, I am awful at php) This code returns NULL, and according to the documentation, NULL is returned "if the json cannot be decoded". $json = file_get_contents($jsonurl); $json_output = json_decode($json); var_dump ($json_output); // Returns NULL Basically, what i want to accomplish is to make a simple array from the first row values of the Json response. like this $array = {'john','John Handcock','[email protected]','2929292','blanc'} You guys are genius, I would appreciate your insight and help on this very much! Answer as "sberry2A" mentions bellow, the response is not valid Json, google offers the Zend Json library for this purpose, tho I decided to parse the tsv-excel version instead :)

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• Unique ways to use the Null Coalescing operator

  - by Atomiton

  I know the standard way of using the Null coalescing operator in C# is to set default values. string nobody = null; string somebody = "Bob Saget"; string anybody = ""; anybody = nobody ?? "Mr. T"; // returns Mr. T anybody = somebody ?? "Mr. T"; // returns "Bob Saget" But what else can ?? be used for? It doesn't seem as useful as the ternary operator, apart from being more concise and easier to read than: nobody = null; anybody = nobody == null ? "Bob Saget" : nobody; // returns Bob Saget So given that fewer even know about null coalescing operator... Have you used ?? for something else? Is ?? necessary, or should you just use the ternary operator (that most are familiar with)

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• Flash/AIR AS3: comparing contents of Screen.screens

  - by matt lohkamp

  In a sane world, this works as expected: var array:Array = ['a','b','c]; trace(array.indexOf(array[0])); // returns 0 In an insane world, this happens: trace(Screen.screens.indexOf(Screen.screens[0])); // returns -1 ... if Screen.screens is an Array of the available instances of Screen, why can't that array give an accurate indexOf one of its own children? edit - apparently to get back to the world of the sane, all you have to do is this: var array:Array = Screen.screens; trace(array.indexOf(array[0])); // returns 0 Anyone know why?

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• regular expression with "|"

  - by WtFudgE

  I need to be able to check for a pattern with | in them. For example an expression like d*|*t should return true for a string like "dtest|test". I'm no regular expression hero so I just tried a couple of things, like: Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*\|*d"); //unable to build because of single backslash Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*|*d"); //argument exception error Regex Pattern = new Regex(@"s*\|*d"); //returns true when I use "dtest" as input, so incorrect Regex Pattern = new Regex(@"s*|*d"); //argument exception error Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*\\|*d"); //returns true when I use "dtest" as input, so incorrect Regex Pattern = new Regex("s*" + "\\|" + "*d"); //returns true when I use "dtest" as input, so incorrect Regex Pattern = new Regex(@"s*\\|*d"); //argument exception error I'm a bit out of options, what should I then use? I mean this is a pretty basic regular expression I know, but I'm not getting it for some reason.

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• Textbox height in a small browser window

  - by Fritz H

  Hi folks, I have here a peculiar problem. We have a RAP application intended for use on a PDA/phone, but when it is displayed in a small browser window, all the textboxes on the form(s) are too tall (around twice the height they should be). I've stepped through the code (The form is using GridLayout, number of columns=1, make columns equal=false) and have found that the TextSizeDetermination.getCharHeight() method returns an incorrect font size if the browser window is too small - 13px if the window is large, 26px (exactly double) if the window is too small. Interestingly enough, it seems that if the window is too small, probeStore.containsProbeResult(font) in that method returns true and uses probeStore.getProbeResult(...).getSize().y for the font size. Otherwise, if the window is larger, it returns false and uses TextSizeEstimation.getCharHeight(...). Does anyone have a pointer or two for getting around this? Dialog with a properly-sized window: Dialog with a small window:

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• Web scraping: how to get scraper implementation from text link?

  - by isme

  I'm building a java web media-scraping application for extracting content from a variety of popular websites: youtube, facebook, rapidshare, and so on. The application will include a search capability to find content urls, but should also allow the user to paste a url into the application if they already where the media is. Youtube Downloader already does this for a variety of video sites. When the program is supplied with a URL, it decides which kind of scraper to use to get the content; for example, a youtube watch link returns a YoutubeScraper, a Facebook fanpage link returns a FacebookScraper and so on. Should I use the factory pattern to do this? My idea is that the factory has one public method. It takes a String argument representing a link, and returns a suitable implementation of the Scraper interface. I guess the Factory would hold a list of Scraper implementations, and would match the link against each Scraper until it finds a suitable one. If there is no suitable one, it throws an Exception instead.

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• rails accessing value from facebooker hash/array

  - by Ben

  This is my first time using the facebooker plugin with rails, and I'm having trouble accessing user info. The website uses FB connect to authenticate users. I am trying to get the name of the university that the logged in user attends. When I use the command <%= facebook_session.user.education_history[:name] %>, I get an error "Symbol as array index". I have also tried using education_history[1], but that just returns "# Facebooker::EducationInfo:<some sort of alphanumeric hash value>" When I use something like <%= facebook_session.user.relationship_status %> , it returns the relationship status just fine. Similarly, <%= facebook_session.user.hometown_location.city %> returns the city name just fine. I've checked out the documentation for facebooker, but I can't figure out the correct way to get the values I need. Any idea on how to get this to work? Thanks!

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• Subsetting a data frame in a function using another data frame as parameter

  - by lecodesportif

  I would like to submit a data frame to a function and use it to subset another data frame. This is the basic data frame: foo <- data.frame(var1= c('1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '3'), var2=c('A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C')) I use the following function to find out the frequencies of var2 for specified values of var1. foobar <- function(x, y, z){ a <- subset(x, (x$var1 == y)) b <- subset(a, (a$var2 == z)) n=nrow(b) return(n) } Examples: foobar(foo, 1, "A") # returns 2 foobar(foo, 1, "B") # returns 1 foobar(foo, 3, "C") # returns 1 This works. But now I want to submit a data frame of values to foobar. Instead of the above examples, I would like to submit df to foobar and get the same results as above (2, 1, 1) df <- data.frame(var1=c('1','1','3'), var2=c("A", "B", "C")) When I change foobar to accept two arguments like foobar(foo, df) and use y[, c(var1)] and y[, c(var2)] instead of the two parameters x and y it still doesn't work. Which way is there to do this?

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