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• Ubuntu, No wireless networks found after correctly installed madwifi

  - by Peter

  Hi, I just installed madwifi on my MSI laptop with an Atheros AR5001 wifi card & Lucid. As far as I can see and according to System - Administration - Hardware drivers the install was successful and the card + driver is up and running. However, I don't see any wireless network (my windows PC can see about 5 wireless networks). I tried it with the network manager applet as well as with wicd. If I try to connect to "Hidden Wireless Network" via nm-applet, it will start to connect for a while but is unable too (although I supply it with the correct WEP settings & key) So, I'm unable to use my wireless network. What am i doing wrong? Some information about my system: iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:17 dBm Sensitivity=1/1 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/70 Signal level=-96 dBm Noise level=-96 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 pan0 no wireless extensions. ifconfig ath0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca inet6 addr: fe80::215:afff:fecf:e2ca/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:85:4d:82:78 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::221:85ff:fe4d:8278/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3940261 (3.9 MB) TX bytes:525218 (525.2 KB) Interrupt:27 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:720 (720.0 B) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B) wifi0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-15-AF-CF-E2-CA-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3497 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:280 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:179947 (179.9 KB) Interrupt:16 lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wifi0 version: 01 serial: 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath_pci latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g resources: irq:16 memory:fd7f0000-fd7fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 01 serial: 00:21:85:4d:82:78 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.2.101 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:27 ioport:c800(size=256) memory:fe2ff000-fe2fffff memory:fe2c0000-fe2dffff(prefetchable) lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (Internal gfx) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc Device 7914 00:06.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 3) 00:12.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 Non-Raid-5 SATA 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI0) 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI1) 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI2) 00:13.3 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI3) 00:13.4 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI4) 00:13.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB Controller (EHCI) 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 14) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 IDE 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 PCI to LPC Bridge 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RS690M [Radeon X1200 Series] 01:05.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon X1200 Series Audio Controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 01) 06:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ711MP1/MS1 MemoryCardBus Controller (rev 21) 06:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.3 Bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.4 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) less /proc/modules | grep ath ath_rate_sample 11476 1 - Live 0xf812b000 ath_pci 193197 0 - Live 0xf85c3000 wlan 222892 5 wlan_wep,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8537000 ath_hal 398604 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8480000 I've been at this for hours now, also tried ndiswrapper and ath5k drivers with no luck, and really could use some help. Cheers.

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• Single-port 2600 router with 2900XL switch

  - by Slava Maslennikov

  I have a setup, where the single port 2600 router is in port 0/2 in the switch, outside network is on port 0/1, and the rest (0/3-0/24) should be clients for the second network that would be managed by the 2600 router. I configured everything with two VLANs: 100 for outside (0/2-0/24), 200 for inside (0/1-0/2). 0/2 is a trunk port for the two VLANs. The issue that came about is that I can't have two VLANs on at once: software doesn't allow it. Now, I can ping the outside network devices (172.16.7.1, 172.16.7.103), and even google (8.8.8.8) from the router, but not the switch. Devices on connected get a DHCP lease properly but can't ping outside the network, just the router - 172.17.7.1 and the switch itself, 172.17.7.7. The configuration for both the router and the switch are here, as well as below. Router: rt.throom#sho run Building configuration... Current configuration : 1015 bytes ! version 12.1 no service single-slot-reload-enable service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname rt.throom ! enable password To053cret ! ! ! ! ! no ip subnet-zero ip dhcp excluded-address 172.17.7.1 172.17.7.2 ip dhcp excluded-address 172.17.7.3 172.17.7.4 ip dhcp excluded-address 172.17.7.5 ! ip dhcp pool VLAN200 network 172.17.7.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 172.17.7.1 dns-server 8.8.8.8 ! ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Ethernet0/0 no ip address ! interface Ethernet0/0.100 encapsulation dot1Q 100 ip address 172.16.7.15 255.255.255.0 ip nat outside ! interface Ethernet0/0.200 encapsulation dot1Q 200 ip address 172.17.7.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ! router eigrp 20 network 172.16.0.0 network 172.17.0.0 no auto-summary no eigrp log-neighbor-changes ! no ip classless no ip http server ! access-list 1 permit 172.17.7.0 0.0.0.255 ! ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end Switch: sw.throom#sho run Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 11.2 no service pad no service udp-small-servers no service tcp-small-servers ! hostname sw.throom ! enable password Oh5053cret ! ! no spanning-tree vlan 100 no spanning-tree vlan 200 ip subnet-zero ! ! interface VLAN1 no ip address no ip route-cache ! interface FastEthernet0/1 switchport access vlan 100 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/2 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk ! interface FastEthernet0/3 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/4 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/5 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/6 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/7 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/8 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/9 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/10 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/11 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/12 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/13 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/14 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/15 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/16 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/17 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/18 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/19 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/20 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/21 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/22 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 200 spanning-tree portfast ! ! line con 0 stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 login line vty 5 9 login ! end sho ip route gives: Gateway of last resort is 172.16.7.1 to network 0.0.0.0 172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.17.7.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0.200 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.7.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0.100 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.7.1

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• Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

  - by Brigadieren

  Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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• My linux server takes more than an hour to boot. Suggestions?

  - by jamieb

  I am building a CentOS 5.4 system that boots off a compact flash card using a card reader that emulates an IDE drive. It literally takes about an hour to boot. The ultra-slow part occurs when Grub is loading the kernel. Once that's done, the rest of the boot process only takes about a minute to get to a login prompt. Does anyone have any suggestions? I suspect that it may have to do with UDMA. Everything IDE-related in my BIOS seems to checkout. The read performance hdparm is telling me 1.77 MB/s. Ouch! (But even at that rate, it still shouldn't take an hour to decompress and load the kernel) [root@server ~]# hdparm -tT /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: Timing cached reads: 2444 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1222.04 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 6 MB in 3.39 seconds = 1.77 MB/sec Trying to enable DMA is a no-go though: [root@server ~]# hdparm -d1 /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: setting using_dma to 1 (on) HDIO_SET_DMA failed: Operation not permitted using_dma = 0 (off) Here's some command outputs that might help: System [root@server ~]# uname -a Linux server.localdomain 2.6.18-164.el5xen #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 04:47:32 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux PCI info: [root@server ~]# lspci -v 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ/P/PL Memory Controller Hub (rev 02) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ/P/PL Memory Controller Hub Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 10 Memory at fdf00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=512K] I/O ports at ff00 [size=8] Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Memory at fdf80000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Capabilities: [90] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit- Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 I/O ports at fe00 [size=32] 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 I/O ports at fd00 [size=32] 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18 I/O ports at fc00 [size=32] 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01) (prog-if 00 [UHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19 I/O ports at fb00 [size=32] 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 Memory at fdfff000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [58] Debug port 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=32 I/O behind bridge: 0000d000-0000dfff Memory behind bridge: fde00000-fdefffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fdd00000-00000000fdd00000 Capabilities: [50] #0d [0000] 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR/GH (ICH7 Family) SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) (prog-if 80 [Master]) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR/GH (ICH7 Family) SATA IDE Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at <unassigned> I/O ports at f800 [size=16] Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 2 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) SMBus Controller Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 17 I/O ports at 0500 [size=32] 01:04.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18 I/O ports at de00 [size=256] Memory at fdeff000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 01:06.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 17 I/O ports at dc00 [size=256] Memory at fdefe000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 01:07.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10) Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 19 I/O ports at da00 [size=256] Memory at fdefd000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 hdparm ouput: [root@server ~]# hdparm /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: multcount = 0 (off) IO_support = 0 (default 16-bit) unmaskirq = 0 (off) using_dma = 0 (off) keepsettings = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 8146/16/63, sectors = 8211168, start = 0 [root@server ~]# hdparm -I /dev/hdc /dev/hdc: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: InnoDisk Corp. - iCF4000 4GB Serial Number: 20091023AACA70000753 Firmware Revision: 081107 Standards: Supported: 5 Likely used: 6 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 8146 8146 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 -- CHS current addressable sectors: 8211168 LBA user addressable sectors: 8211168 device size with M = 1024*1024: 4009 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 4204 MBytes (4 GB) Capabilities: LBA, IORDY(can be disabled) Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 2 Current = 2 DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 *udma2 udma3 udma4 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns Commands/features: Enabled Supported: * Power Management feature set * WRITE_BUFFER command * READ_BUFFER command * NOP cmd * CFA feature set * Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE HW reset results: CBLID- above Vih Device num = 0 CFA power mode 1: enabled and required by some commands Maximum current = 100ma Checksum: correct

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• KVM Guest installed from console. But how to get to the guest's console?

  - by badbishop

  I'm trying to install a fully virtualized guest (Fedora 14 x86_64) on KVM (RHEL 6), using command-line only (both hypervisor and guest). It goes without errors, and without a tangible result . I'd like to know how to do a text-only installation. So, here's what I've done: # virt-install \ --name=FE --ram=756 --vcpus=1 \ --file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img --network bridge:br0 \ --nographics --os-type=linux \ --extra-args='console=tty0' -v \ --cdrom=/media/usb/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso Starting install... Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00 Connected to domain FE Escape character is ^] ÿ Now what? As I understand after googling for a couple of days, I should see the guest's output from the text installation, but nothing happens. virt-viewer cannot connect to it, kindly suggesting that I explore all the options by adding --help (which I did). If I reconnect with virsh, I see this: Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to the console to complete the installation process. [root@v ~] # virsh console FEConnected to domain FE Escape character is ^] This shows that VM is running # virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------- 8 FE running Qemu log: LC_ALL=C PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -S -M rhel6.0.0 -enable-kvm -m 756 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name FE -uuid 6989d008-7c89-424c-d2d3-f41235c57a18 -nographic -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=monitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/FE.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-reboot -boot d -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw,cache=none -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive file=/media/usb/Fedora-14-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -netdev tap,fd=20,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:0a:65:8d,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 -chardev pty,id=serial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=serial0 -usb -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 char device redirected to /dev/pts/1 Output of /etc/libvirt/qemu/FE.xml # cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/FE.xml <domain type='kvm'> <name>FE</name> <uuid>6989d008-7c89-424c-d2d3-f41235c57a18</uuid> <memory>774144</memory> <currentMemory>774144</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.0.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/FE.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:0a:65:8d'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> I'm obviously missing something that many others don't, but what is it? Thanx in advance!

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• Unable to access intel fake RAID 1 array in Fedora 14 after reboot

  - by Sim

  Hello everyone, 1st I am relatively new to linux (but not to *nix). I have 4 disks assembled in the following intel ahci bios fake raid arrays: 2x320GB RAID1 - used for operating systems md126 2x1TB RAID1 - used for data md125 I have used the raid of size 320GB to install my operating system and the second raid I didn't even select during the installation of Fedora 14. After successful partitioning and installation of Fedora, I tried to make the second array available, it was possible to make it visible in linux with mdadm --assembe --scan , after that I created one maximum size partition and 1 maximum size ext4 filesystem in it. Mounted, and used it. After restart - a few I/O errors during boot regarding md125 + inability to mount the filesystem on it and dropped into repair shell. I commented the filesystem in fstab and it booted. To my surprise, the array was marked as "auto read only": [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# and the partition in it was not available as device special file in /dev: [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md125* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 125 Jan 6 15:50 /dev/md125 [root@localhost ~]# But the partition is there according to fdisk: [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/md125 Disk /dev/md125: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 19 heads, 10 sectors/track, 10281682 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b238ea9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/md125p1 2048 1953519615 976758784 83 Linux [root@localhost ~]# I tried to "activate" the array in different ways (I'm not experienced with mdadm and the man page is gigantic so I was only browsing it looking for my answer) but it was impossible - the array would still stay in "auto read only" and the device special file for the partition it will not be in /dev. It was only after I recreated the partition via fdisk that it reappeared in /dev... until next reboot. So, my question is - How do I make the array automatically available after reboot? Here is some additional information: 1st I am able to see the UUID of the array in blkid: [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdc: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdd: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/md126p1: UUID="60C8D9A7C8D97C2A" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/md126p2: UUID="3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md126p3: UUID="1Msqqr-AAF8-k0wi-VYnq-uWJU-y0OD-uIFBHL" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv: LABEL="_Fedora-14-x86_6" UUID="34cc1cf5-6845-4489-8303-7a90c7663f0a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv: UUID="4644d857-e13b-456c-ac03-6f26299c1046" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv: UUID="82bd58b2-edab-4b4b-aec4-b79595ecd0e3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv: UUID="1b001444-5fdd-41b6-a59a-9712ec6def33" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv: UUID="bf7d2459-2b35-4a1c-9b81-d4c4f24a9842" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md125: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sda: TYPE="isw_raid_member" /dev/md125p1: UUID="420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# Here is how /etc/mdadm.conf looks like: [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf # mdadm.conf written out by anaconda MAILADDR root AUTO +imsm +1.x -all ARRAY /dev/md1 UUID=89f60dee:e46a251f:7475814b:d4cc19a9 ARRAY /dev/md126 UUID=a8775c90:cee66376:5310fc13:63bcba5b ARRAY /dev/md125 UUID=b9a1149f:ae114fc8:a6000d77:354dc42a [root@localhost ~]# here is how /proc/mdstat looks like after I recreate the partition in the array so that it becomes available: [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# Detailed output regarding the array in subject: [root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md125 /dev/md125: Container : /dev/md127, member 0 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976759808 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759940 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Update Time : Fri Jan 7 00:38:00 2011 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 30ebc3c2:b6a64751:4758d05c:fa8ff782 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc 0 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd [root@localhost ~]# and /etc/fstab, with /data commented (the filesystem that is on this array): # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 6 03:32:40 2011 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 #UUID=420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059 /data ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv /tmp ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv /var ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# Thanks in advance to everyone that even read this whole issue :-)

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• Windows installation repair option not showing up

  - by Carl

  I'm trying to repair an existing Windows XP installation. Following the instructions from http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/helpandsupport/learnmore/tips/doug92.mspx this should work: When the Press any key to boot from CD message is displayed on your screen, press a key to start your computer from the Windows XP CD. Press ENTER when you see the message To setup Windows XP now, and then press ENTER displayed on the Welcome to Setup screen. Do not choose the option to press R to use the Recovery Console. In the Windows XP Licensing Agreement, press F8 to agree to the license agreement. Make sure that your current installation of Windows XP is selected in the box, and then press R to repair Windows XP. Follow the instructions on the screen to complete Setup. On step 5 pressing R does nothing and there is nothing on the screen saying it would. When I just select to install I get a message that a previous installation is there and proceeding will destroy it and installed applications, I can optionally select a directory other than c:\windows, and I can optionally format before continuing. I had tried to go from SP2-SP3. It failed, and then I couldn't get to Safe Mode. I put the SP1 disk back in to do a repair, and I don't see that option. (I don't have an SP2 boot/install disk, I just have the non-boot upgrade package.) UPDATE: Upon loading the Recovery Console, I get a message saying The system registry does not appear to have an active ControlSet key. The system registry may be damaged. You can try restarting it with the Last Known Good configuration or you can try repairing the installation of Windows using the setup program's repair and recovery options. I then did bootcfg /scan - "successful" ... Total installs: 1 ... [1] c:\windows - with the c:\windows command prompt below it. bootcfg /list gives [1] Windows XP Pro; OS Load Options /noexecute=optin /fastdetect; OS Location: c:\windows I followed the instructions at http://michaelstevenstech.com/XPrepairinstall.htm - "Warning 2" link copy E:\i386\ntldr C:\ copy E:\i386\ntdetect.com C:\ attrib -h -r -s C:\boot.ini del C:\boot.ini BootCfg /Rebuild I added /fastdetect when it asked for options. I re-ran Windows setup - no change - no repair option. UPDATE: I followed the procedure at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;307545 I rebooted. I now get a quick message on bootup to select the boot - 1: [blank] ; Windows XP Professional ; Windows Recover Console. The "1: " is new. The rest is the way it was when all was okay. Selecting 1: and the next one gives the same result - I get to a login icon, and then it asks for a password, with the blinking cursor, but I can't type anything. I reboot with the Windows CD. Now I see a repair option for installation "1: " I selected R on that, and it did "Setup is copying files..." and rebooted when it was done. Then it booted, and I got a window saying "Setup will complete in approximately 39 minutes." That's where I am now. I wasn't expecting this last part - I did a repair several months ago and I don't recall that. UPDATE: Booted up. Asked if I wanted to register Windows online. All my icons are there, and the old desktop documents. Good. All the applications I tried from the Start Menu work (tested a few), except Corel Photopaint - I get registry entry not found errors. Windows ran for a while, then froze. The mouse and keyboard don't work. Pressing the power button got Windows to shut down. I probably need to put SP2 on it, and then all the updates for my laptop for XP Pro SP2 (drivers), there's a bunch. The mouse and keyboard quit working again. That wasn't a problem when I first set up this laptop. I've ran 4 times now. Two mouse/keyboards hangs by pressing Ctrl-C (to copy text from a notepad document), and two by selecting Start-Run (wasn't able to type anything in the box).

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• Install VLC 2.0.7 in CentOS 6.4?

  - by raaz

  I am keep failing in the installation process I have tried. I have started process as follows. yum install gcc dbus-glib-devel* lua-devel* libcddb wget http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/vlc/2.0.7/vlc-2.0.7.tar.xz tar -xf vlc-2.0.7.tar.xz && cd vlc-2.0.7 ./configure in the configure I am getting the error as follows configure: WARNING: No package 'libcddb' found: CDDB access disabled. checking for Linux DVB version 5... yes checking for DVBPSI... no checking gme/gme.h usability... no checking gme/gme.h presence... no checking for gme/gme.h... no checking for SID... no configure: WARNING: No package 'libsidplay2' found (required for sid). checking for OGG... no configure: WARNING: Library ogg >= 1.0 needed for ogg was not found checking for MUX_OGG... no configure: WARNING: Library ogg >= 1.0 needed for mux_ogg was not found checking for SHOUT... no configure: WARNING: Library shout >= 2.1 needed for shout was not found checking ebml/EbmlVersion.h usability... no checking ebml/EbmlVersion.h presence... no checking for ebml/EbmlVersion.h... no checking for LIBMODPLUG... no configure: WARNING: No package 'libmodplug' found No package 'libmodplug' found. checking mpc/mpcdec.h usability... no checking mpc/mpcdec.h presence... no checking for mpc/mpcdec.h... no checking mpcdec/mpcdec.h usability... no checking mpcdec/mpcdec.h presence... no checking for mpcdec/mpcdec.h... no checking for libcrystalhd/libcrystalhd_if.h... no checking mad.h usability... no checking mad.h presence... no checking for mad.h... no configure: error: Could not find libmad on your system: you may get it from http://www.underbit.com/products/mad/. Alternatively you can use --disable-mad to disable the mad plugin. [root@localhost vlc-2.0.7]# So I went to libmad http location and downloaded it and while doing make it gave me the errors.There are no errors at ./configure with libmad but make not going through. [root@localhost libmad-0.15.0b]# make (sed -e '1s|.*|/*|' -e '1b' -e '$s|.*| */|' -e '$b' \ -e 's/^.*/ *&/' ./COPYRIGHT; echo; \ echo "# ifdef __cplusplus"; \ echo 'extern "C" {'; \ echo "# endif"; echo; \ if [ ".-DFPM_INTEL" != "." ]; then \ echo ".-DFPM_INTEL" | sed -e 's|^\.-D|# define |'; echo; \ fi; \ sed -ne 's/^# *define *\(HAVE_.*_ASM\).*/# define \1/p' \ config.h; echo; \ sed -ne 's/^# *define *OPT_\(SPEED\|ACCURACY\).*/# define OPT_\1/p' \ config.h; echo; \ sed -ne 's/^# *define *\(SIZEOF_.*\)/# define \1/p' \ config.h; echo; \ for header in version.h fixed.h bit.h timer.h stream.h frame.h synth.h decoder.h; do \ echo; \ sed -n -f ./mad.h.sed ./$header; \ done; echo; \ echo "# ifdef __cplusplus"; \ echo '}'; \ echo "# endif") >mad.h make all-recursive make[1]: Entering directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' make[2]: Entering directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' if /bin/sh ./libtool --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -DFPM_INTEL -DASO_ZEROCHECK -Wall -march=i486 -g -O -fforce-mem -fforce-addr -fthread-jumps -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fexpensive-optimizations -fregmove -fschedule-insns2 -fstrength-reduce -MT version.lo -MD -MP -MF ".deps/version.Tpo" \ -c -o version.lo `test -f 'version.c' || echo './'`version.c; \ then mv -f ".deps/version.Tpo" ".deps/version.Plo"; \ else rm -f ".deps/version.Tpo"; exit 1; \ fi mkdir .libs gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -DFPM_INTEL -DASO_ZEROCHECK -Wall -march=i486 -g -O -fforce-mem -fforce-addr -fthread-jumps -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fexpensive-optimizations -fregmove -fschedule-insns2 -fstrength-reduce -MT version.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/version.Tpo -c version.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/version.lo cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-fforce-mem" make[2]: *** [version.lo] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/raja/Downloads/libmad-0.15.0b' make: *** [all] Error 2 how can i resolve the issue and install VLC in my Centos ? I am using CentOS 6.4 . Thank you.

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• php5.4 + freebsd8.3+nginx can't get errors

  - by Alexey Perepechko

  I have a confusing behaviour. I can't get any error into log file or screen. I made a file index.php with content like this: "<?php a();".Normally, I will get message like this: "Call to undefined function a()" but when I called this script on my configuration I got nothing. Only white screen and empty logs. I checked all rights. I turned on all possible log file. Nothing. Please help me. My configuration is: freebsd 8.3-RELEASE PHP 5.4.7 (fpm-fcgi) nginx version: nginx/1.2.4 FPM-config [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid error_log = log/php-fpm.log log_level = notice emergency_restart_threshold = 5 emergency_restart_interval = 2 process_control_timeout = 2 daemonize = yes events.mechanism = kqueue [puser] listen = /usr/local/www/host/tmp/php-fpm.sock; listen.backlog = -1 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 listen.owner = puser listen.group = puser listen.mode = 0666 user = puser group = puser pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 30 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_requests = 50 slowlog = /usr/local/www/host/logs/fpm.log.slow request_slowlog_timeout = 1s rlimit_files = 1024 rlimit_core = 0 chroot = /usr/local/www/host/ catch_workers_output = yes env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME env[TMP] = /tmp env[TMPDIR] = /tmp env[TEMP] = /tmp php_admin_value[upload_tmp_dir] = /tmp php_admin_value[cgi.fix_pathinfo] = 0 php_admin_value[date.timezone]= 'Europe/Moscow' php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 320m php_admin_value[max_execution_time] = 180 php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on php_admin_value[error_log] = /logs/fpm-err.log php_admin_value[error_reporting] = 'E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE' php_admin_value[display_errors] = on php_admin_flag[display_startup_errors] = on NGINX config user www; worker_processes 2; worker_rlimit_nofile 80000; error_log /var/log/nginx_error.log notice; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 2048; use kqueue; } http { server_tokens off; client_max_body_size 4m; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; charset utf-8; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; log_format IP .$remote_addr.; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request $request_body ' '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; reset_timedout_connection on; server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; access_log /usr/local/www/host/logs/access.log main; error_log /usr/local/www/host/logs/error.log error; error_page 500 502 503 504 /errors/50x.html; error_page 404 /errors/404.html; root /usr/local/www/host/htdocs; index index.php index.html index.htm; location / { index index.html index.php; try_files $uri /index.php?$args; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass unix:/usr/local/www/host/tmp/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /htdocs$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED /htdocs$fastcgi_script_name; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; } } } PHP config (php.ini) [PHP] engine = On short_open_tag = On asp_tags = Off precision = 14 y2k_compliance = On output_buffering = 4096 zlib.output_compression = Off implicit_flush = Off unserialize_callback_func = serialize_precision = 100 allow_call_time_pass_reference = Off safe_mode = Off safe_mode_gid = Off safe_mode_include_dir = safe_mode_exec_dir = safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = PHP_ safe_mode_protected_env_vars = LD_LIBRARY_PATH disable_functions = dl,system,exec,passthru,shell_exec disable_classes = expose_php = On max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 128M error_reporting = E_ALL display_errors = On display_startup_errors = On log_errors = On log_errors_max_len = 1024 ignore_repeated_errors = Off ignore_repeated_source = Off report_memleaks = On track_errors = On error_log = /var/log/php-fpm-error.log variables_order = "GPCS" request_order = "GP" register_globals = Off register_long_arrays = Off register_argc_argv = Off auto_globals_jit = On post_max_size = 8M magic_quotes_gpc = Off magic_quotes_runtime = Off magic_quotes_sybase = Off auto_prepend_file = auto_append_file = default_mimetype = "text/html" doc_root = user_dir = enable_dl = Off file_uploads = On upload_max_filesize = 2M max_file_uploads = 20 allow_url_fopen = On allow_url_include = Off default_socket_timeout = 60 [Date] date.timezone = Europe/Moscow [filter] [iconv] [intl] [sqlite] [sqlite3] [Pcre] [Pdo] [Pdo_mysql] [Phar] [Syslog] define_syslog_variables = Off [mail function] SMTP = localhost smtp_port = 25 mail.add_x_header = On [SQL] sql.safe_mode = Off [ODBC] odbc.allow_persistent = On odbc.check_persistent = On odbc.max_persistent = -1 odbc.max_links = -1 odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 odbc.defaultbinmode = 1 [Interbase] [MySQL] mysql.allow_local_infile = On mysql.allow_persistent = On mysql.cache_size = 2000 mysql.max_persistent = -1 mysql.max_links = -1 mysql.default_port = mysql.default_socket = mysql.default_host = mysql.default_user = mysql.default_password = mysql.connect_timeout = 60 mysql.trace_mode = Off [MySQLi] mysqli.max_persistent = -1 mysqli.allow_persistent = On mysqli.max_links = -1 mysqli.cache_size = 2000 mysqli.default_port = 3306 mysqli.default_socket = mysqli.default_host = mysqli.default_user = mysqli.default_pw = mysqli.reconnect = Off [mysqlnd] mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off [OCI8] [PostgresSQL] pgsql.allow_persistent = On pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off pgsql.max_persistent = -1 pgsql.max_links = -1 pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 pgsql.log_notice = 0 [Sybase-CT] sybct.allow_persistent = On sybct.max_persistent = -1 sybct.max_links = -1 sybct.min_server_severity = 10 sybct.min_client_severity = 10 [bcmath] bcmath.scale = 0 [browscap] [Session] session.save_handler = files session.use_cookies = 1 session.use_only_cookies = 1 session.name = PHPSESSID session.auto_start = 0 session.cookie_lifetime = 0 session.cookie_path = / session.cookie_domain = session.cookie_httponly = session.serialize_handler = php session.gc_probability = 1 session.gc_divisor = 1000 session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 session.bug_compat_42 = Off session.bug_compat_warn = Off session.referer_check = session.entropy_length = 0 session.cache_limiter = nocache session.cache_expire = 180 session.use_trans_sid = 0 session.hash_function = 0 session.hash_bits_per_character = 5 url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" [MSSQL] mssql.allow_persistent = On mssql.max_persistent = -1 mssql.max_links = -1 mssql.min_error_severity = 10 mssql.min_message_severity = 10 mssql.compatability_mode = Off mssql.secure_connection = Off [Assertion] [COM] [mbstring] [gd] [exif] [Tidy] tidy.clean_output = Off [soap] soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1 soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp" soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400 soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5 [sysvshm] [ldap] ldap.max_links = -1 [mcrypt] [dba] I need to get errors on display and detailed record in the error.log.

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• Mount TMPFS instead of ro /dev

  - by schiggn

  I am working on a ARM-Based embedded system with a custom Debian Linux based on kernel 2.6.31. In the final system, the Root file system is stored as squashfs on flash. Now, the folder /dev is created by udev, but since there is no hot plugging functionality needed and booting time is critical, I wanted to delete udev and "hard code" the /dev folder (read here, page 5). because i still need to change parameters of the devices (with ioctl /sysfs) this does not work for me in this case. so i thought of mounting a tmpfs on /dev and change the parameters there. is this possible? and how to do best? my approach would be: delete /dev from RFS create tar containing basic devices mount tmpfs /dev untar tar-file into /dev change parameters Could this work? Do you see any problems? I found out, that you can mount on top of already mounted mount point, is it somehow possible just to take data with while mounting the new file system? if so that would be very convenient! Thanks Update: I just tried that out, but I'm stuck at a certain point. I packed all my devices into devices.tar, packed it into /usr of my squashfs and added the following lines to mountkernfs.sh, which is executed right after INIT. #mount /dev on tmpfs echo -n "Mounting /dev on tmpfs..." mount -o size=5M,mode=0755 -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 600 /dev/null c 1 3 echo "done." echo -n "Populating /dev..." tar -xf /usr/devices.tar -C /dev echo "done." This works fine on the version over NFS, if I place printf's in the code, I can see it executing, if I comment out the extracting part, its complaining about missing devices. Booting OK mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. System Clock set to: Thu Sep 13 11:26:23 UTC 2012. INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 UBI: attaching mtd8 to ubi0 Commenting out the extraction of the tar mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 IP-Config: Unable to set interface netmask (-22). Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.234 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.234 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:14. Freeing init memory: 136K INIT: version 2.86 booting Mounting /dev on tmpfs...done. Populating /dev...done. Initializing /var...done. Setting the system clock. Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method. Use the --debug option to see the details of our search for an access method. Unable to set System Clock to: Thu Sep 13 12:24:00 UTC 2012 ... (warning). INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 libubi: error!: cannot open "/dev/ubi_ctrl" So far so good. But if I pack the whole story into a squashfs and boot from there, it is acting strange. It's telling me while booting that it is unable to open an initial console and its throwing errors on mounting the UBIFS devices, but finally provides a login anyway. Over that my echo's are not executed. If I then log in, /dev is mounted as TMPFS as desired and all the devices reside inside. When I redo the "mount" command to mount the UBIFS partitions it is executed whitout problem and useable. From squashfs VFS: Mounted root (squashfs filesystem) readonly on device 31:15. Freeing init memory: 136K Warning: unable to open an initial console. mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 0007 mmcblk0: mmc0:0007 SD04G 3.67 GiB mmcblk0: p1 UBIFS error (pid 484): ubifs_get_sb: cannot open "ubi1_0", error -19 Additionally, a part of the rest of the bootscripts is still exexuted, but not all of them. Does anyone has a clue why? Other question, is 5MB enough/too much for /dev?

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• Connecting a LAN to an OpenVPN server via a windows 7 client gateway

  - by user705142

  I've got OpenVPN set up between my windows 7 client and linux server. The goal is that I'll get secure access to a webapp running on the server from any computer on the client LAN. I'm using ccd to assign static ip addresses to each client connection, with key authentication. It's working on my client machine (10.83.41.9), and when you go to the gateway IP address (10.83.41.1), it loads up the webapp. Now I really need the other computers on the client LAN to be able to connect to the webapp as well, via the windows machine. The client has a static IP address of 192.168.2.100 on the LAN, and I've enabled IP forwarding in windows (confirmed by ipconfig /all). In my router I've forwarded 10.83.41.1 / 255.255.255.255 to 192.168.2.100. In server.conf I have.. route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 And in the office ccd.. ifconfig-push 10.83.41.9 10.83.41.10 iroute 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 The client log is as follows: Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 OpenVPN 2.2.2 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL] [LZO2] [PKCS11] built on Dec 15 2011 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 LZO compression initialized Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1558 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[8192->8192] S=[64512->64512] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1558 D:1450 EF:58 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '9e7066d2' Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '162b04de' Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 UDPv4 link remote: 111.65.224.202:1194 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 TLS: Initial packet from 111.65.224.202:1194, sid=ceb04c22 8cc6d151 Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=NZ/O=XXX./CN=XXX Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=NZ/O=XXX./CN=XXX Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Replay-window backtrack occurred [1] Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'AES-256-CBC' initialized with 256 bit key Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Thu Mar 15 20:19:56 2012 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with 111.65.224.202:1194 Thu Mar 15 20:19:58 2012 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.83.41.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.83.41.9 10.83.41.10' Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 ROUTE default_gateway=192.168.2.1 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-WIN32 device [OpenVPN] opened: \\.\Global\{B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F}.tap Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-Win32 Driver Version 9.9 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 TAP-Win32 MTU=1500 Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 Notified TAP-Win32 driver to set a DHCP IP/netmask of 10.83.41.9/255.255.255.252 on interface {B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F} [DHCP-serv: 10.83.41.10, lease-time: 31536000] Thu Mar 15 20:19:59 2012 Successful ARP Flush on interface [45] {B32D85C9-1942-42E2-80BA-7E0B5BB5185F} Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 TEST ROUTES: 1/1 succeeded len=1 ret=1 a=0 u/d=up Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 C:\WINDOWS\system32\route.exe ADD 10.83.41.1 MASK 255.255.255.255 10.83.41.10 Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Thu Mar 15 20:20:04 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed From the other machines I can ping 192.169.2.100, but not 10.83.41.1. In the how-to, it mentions "Make sure your network interface is in promiscuous mode." as well. I can't find in the windows network config, so this may or may not be part of it. Ideally this would be achieved without any special configuration the other LAN computers. Not sure how far I'm going to get on my own at this point, any ideas? Is there something I'm missing, or anything I should need to know?

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• Server being used to send spam mail. How do I investigate?

  - by split_account

  Problem I think my server is being used to send spam with sendmail, I'm getting a lot of mail being queued up that I don't recognize and my mail.log and syslog are getting huge. I've shutdown sendmail, so none of it is getting out but I can't work out where it's coming from. Investigation so far: I've tried the solution in the blog post below and also shown in this thread. It's meant to add a header from wherever the mail is being added and log all all mail to file, so I changed the following lines in my php.ini file: mail.add_x_header = On mail.log = /var/log/phpmail.log But nothing is appearing in the phpmail.log. I used the command here to investigate cron jobs for all users, but nothing is out of place. The only cron being run is the cron for the website. And then I brought up all php files which had been modified in the last 30 days but none of them look suspicious. What else can I do to find where this is coming from? Mail.log reports Turned sendmail back on for second. Here is a small sample of the reports: Jun 10 14:40:30 ubuntu12 sm-mta[13684]: s5ADeQdp013684: from=<>, size=2431, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1] Jun 10 14:40:30 ubuntu12 sm-msp-queue[13674]: s5ACK1cC011438: to=www-data, delay=01:20:14, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=571670, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (s5ADeQdp013684 Message accepted for delivery) Jun 10 14:40:30 ubuntu12 sm-mta[13719]: s5ADeQdp013684: to=<[email protected]>, delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=32683, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent Jun 10 14:40:30 ubuntu12 sm-mta[13684]: s5ADeQdr013684: from=<[email protected]>, size=677, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1] Jun 10 14:40:31 ubuntu12 sm-msp-queue[13674]: s5AC0gpi011125: to=www-data, ctladdr=www-data (33/33), delay=01:39:49, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=relay, pri=660349, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (s5ADeQdr013684 Message accepted for delivery) Jun 10 14:40:31 ubuntu12 sm-mta[13721]: s5ADeQdr013684: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (33/33), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30946, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent Jun 10 14:40:31 ubuntu12 sm-mta[13684]: s5ADeQdt013684: from=<[email protected]>, size=677, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1] Jun 10 14:40:31 ubuntu12 sm-msp-queue[13674]: s5ACF2Nq011240: to=www-data, ctladdr=www-data (33/33), delay=01:25:29, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=660349, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (s5ADeQdt013684 Message accepted for delivery) Jun 10 14:40:31 ubuntu12 sm-mta[13723]: s5ADeQdt013684: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (33/33), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=30946, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent Ju Further Investigation Spotted 4 spam accounts registered in the past day, which is suspicious however all have normal user privileges. There are no contact forms on the site, there are a number of forms and they take either filtered text input or plain text input. Mail is still being queued up having switched the website to maintenance mode, which blocks out everyone but the admin. Ok more investigation, it looks like the email is being send by my websites cron which runs every 5 minutes. However there are no cron jobs I've set-up which run more than once an hour and show on the website log so presumably someone has managed to edit my cron somehow. Copy of email: V8 T1402410301 K1402411201 N2 P120349 I253/1/369045 MDeferred: Connection refused by [127.0.0.1] Fbs $_www-data@localhost ${daemon_flags}c u Swww-data [email protected] MDeferred: Connection refused by [127.0.0.1] C:www-data rRFC822; [email protected] RPFD:www-data H?P?Return-Path: <?g> H??Received: (from www-data@localhost) by ubuntu12.pcsmarthosting.co.uk (8.14.4/8.14.4/Submit) id s5AEP13T015507 for www-data; Tue, 10 Jun 2014 15:25:01 +0100 H?D?Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 15:25:01 +0100 H?x?Full-Name: CronDaemon H?M?Message-Id: <[email protected]> H??From: root (Cron Daemon) H??To: www-data H??Subject: Cron <www-data@ubuntu12> /usr/bin/drush @main elysia-cron H??Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968 H??X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin> H??X-Cron-Env: <COLUMNS=80> H??X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> H??X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/var/www> H??X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=www-data>

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• How do I add xen kernel boot parameters in grub2?

  - by Matt

  I know that I can add command line parameters to the grub2 command line by editing /etc/default/grub according to this answer How do I add a boot parameter to grub2 in Ubuntu 10.10? However, that would apply to ALL kernels would it not? How do I apply the command line parameters to specific kernels? i.e. only xen. I'm wanting to append something like: xen-pciback.hide=(06:00.0) I'm guessing I need to add it somewhere in the file: /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen Which contains: #! /bin/sh set -e # grub-mkconfig helper script. # Copyright (C) 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. prefix=/usr exec_prefix=${prefix} bindir=${exec_prefix}/bin libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib . ${libdir}/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib export TEXTDOMAIN=grub export TEXTDOMAINDIR=${prefix}/share/locale CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen" if [ "x${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR}" = "x" ] ; then OS=GNU/Linux else OS="${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} GNU/Linux" CLASS="--class $(echo ${GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR} | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | cut -d' ' -f1) ${CLASS}" fi # loop-AES arranges things so that /dev/loop/X can be our root device, but # the initrds that Linux uses don't like that. case ${GRUB_DEVICE} in /dev/loop/*|/dev/loop[0-9]) GRUB_DEVICE=`losetup ${GRUB_DEVICE} | sed -e "s/^[^(]*(\([^)]\+\)).*/\1/"` # We can't cope with devices loop-mounted from files here. case ${GRUB_DEVICE} in /dev/*) ;; *) exit 0 ;; esac ;; esac if [ "x${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" = "x" ] || [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID}" = "xtrue" ] \ || ! test -e "/dev/disk/by-uuid/${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID}" \ || uses_abstraction "${GRUB_DEVICE}" lvm; then LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=${GRUB_DEVICE} else LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE=UUID=${GRUB_DEVICE_UUID} fi linux_entry () { os="$1" version="$2" xen_version="$3" recovery="$4" args="$5" xen_args="$6" if ${recovery} ; then title="$(gettext_quoted "%s, with Xen %s and Linux %s (recovery mode)")" else title="$(gettext_quoted "%s, with Xen %s and Linux %s")" fi printf "menuentry '${title}' ${CLASS} {\n" "${os}" "${xen_version}" "${version}" if ! ${recovery} ; then save_default_entry | sed -e "s/^/\t/" fi if [ -z "${prepare_boot_cache}" ]; then prepare_boot_cache="$(prepare_grub_to_access_device ${GRUB_DEVICE_BOOT} | sed -e "s/^/\t/")" fi printf '%s\n' "${prepare_boot_cache}" xmessage="$(gettext_printf "Loading Xen %s ..." ${xen_version})" lmessage="$(gettext_printf "Loading Linux %s ..." ${version})" cat << EOF echo '$xmessage' multiboot ${rel_xen_dirname}/${xen_basename} placeholder ${xen_args} echo '$lmessage' module ${rel_dirname}/${basename} placeholder root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} ro ${args} EOF if test -n "${initrd}" ; then message="$(gettext_printf "Loading initial ramdisk ...")" cat << EOF echo '$message' module ${rel_dirname}/${initrd} EOF fi cat << EOF } EOF } linux_list=`for i in /boot/vmlinu[xz]-* /vmlinu[xz]-* ; do basename=$(basename $i) version=$(echo $basename | sed -e "s,^[^0-9]*-,,g") if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" && grep -qx "CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y" /boot/config-${version} 2> /dev/null ; then echo -n "$i " ; fi done` xen_list=`for i in /boot/xen*; do if grub_file_is_not_garbage "$i" ; then echo -n "$i " ; fi done` prepare_boot_cache= while [ "x${xen_list}" != "x" ] ; do list="${linux_list}" current_xen=`version_find_latest $xen_list` xen_basename=`basename ${current_xen}` xen_dirname=`dirname ${current_xen}` rel_xen_dirname=`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root $xen_dirname` xen_version=`echo $xen_basename | sed -e "s,.gz$,,g;s,^xen-,,g"` echo "submenu \"Xen ${xen_version}\" {" while [ "x$list" != "x" ] ; do linux=`version_find_latest $list` echo "Found linux image: $linux" >&2 basename=`basename $linux` dirname=`dirname $linux` rel_dirname=`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root $dirname` version=`echo $basename | sed -e "s,^[^0-9]*-,,g"` alt_version=`echo $version | sed -e "s,\.old$,,g"` linux_root_device_thisversion="${LINUX_ROOT_DEVICE}" initrd= for i in "initrd.img-${version}" "initrd-${version}.img" \ "initrd-${version}" "initrd.img-${alt_version}" \ "initrd-${alt_version}.img" "initrd-${alt_version}"; do if test -e "${dirname}/${i}" ; then initrd="$i" break fi done if test -n "${initrd}" ; then echo "Found initrd image: ${dirname}/${initrd}" >&2 else # "UUID=" magic is parsed by initrds. Since there's no initrd, it can't work here. linux_root_device_thisversion=${GRUB_DEVICE} fi linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" "${xen_version}" false \ "${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT}" "${GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN} ${GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN_DEFAULT}" if [ "x${GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY}" != "xtrue" ]; then linux_entry "${OS}" "${version}" "${xen_version}" true \ "single ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}" "${GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN}" fi list=`echo $list | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -vx $linux | tr '\n' ' '` done echo "}" xen_list=`echo $xen_list | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -vx $current_xen | tr '\n' ' '` done

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• Nginx no longer servers uwsgi application behind HAProxy - Looks for static file instead

  - by Ralph

  We implemented our web application using web2py. It consists of several modules offering a REST API at various resources (e.g. /dids, /replicas, ...). The API is used by clients implementing requests.py. My problem is that our web app works fine if it's behind HAProxy and hosted by Apache using mod_wsgi. It also works fine if the clients interact with nginx directly. It doesn't work though when using HAProxy in front of nginx. My guess is that HAProxy somehow modifies the request and thus nginx behaves differently i.e. looking for a static file instead of calling the WSGI container. Unfortunately I can't figure out what's exactly going (wr)on(g). Here are the relevant config sections of these three component's config files. At least I guess they are interesting. If you miss anything, please let me know. 1) haproxy.conf frontend app-lb bind loadbalancer:443 ssl crt /etc/grid-security/hostcertkey.pem default_backend nginx-servers mode http backend nginx-servers balance leastconn option forwardfor server nginx-01 nginx-server-int-01.domain.com:80 check 2) nginx.conf: sendfile off; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { server_name nginx-server-int-01.domain.com; root /path/to/app/; location / { uwsgi_pass unix:///tmp/app.sock; include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_read_timeout 600; # Requests can run for a serious long time } 3) uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] chdir = /path/to/app/ chmod-socket = 777 no-default-app = True socket = /tmp/app.sock manage-script-name = True mount = /dids=did.py mount = /replicas=replica.py callable = application Now when I let my clients go against nginx-server-int-01.domain.com everything is fine. In the access.log of nginx lines like these are appearing: 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:20 +0200] "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1" 201 17 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:20 +0200] "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1" 201 17 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:20 +0200] "POST /dids/user.ogueta/cnt_mc12_8TeV.16304.stream_name_too_long.other.notype.004202218365415e990b9997ea859f20.user/dids HTTP/1.1" 201 17 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:20 +0200] "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1" 200 5282 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:20 +0200] "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1" 200 5094 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:20 +0200] "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1" 200 528 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:21 +0200] "GET /dids/mc13_14TeV/dids/search?project=mc13_14TeV&stream_name=%2Adummy&type=dataset&datatype=NTUP_SMDYMUMU HTTP/1.1" 401 73 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:21 +0200] "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1" 200 713 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" 128.142.XXX.XX0 - - [23/Aug/2014:01:29:21 +0200] "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1" 201 17 "-" "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Linux/2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64" "-" But when I switch the clients to go against HAProxy (loadbalancer.domain.com:443), the error.log of nginx shows lines like these: 2014/08/23 01:26:01 [error] 1705#0: *21231 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/dids/attachments" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XX1, server: localhost, request: "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21232 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/replicas/list" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XX1, server: localhost, request: "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21233 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/dids/attachments" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XX1, server: localhost, request: "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21234 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/replicas/list" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XX1, server: localhost, request: "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21235 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/dids/attachments" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XXX, server: localhost, request: "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21238 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/replicas/list" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XXX, server: localhost, request: "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21239 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/dids/attachments" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XXX, server: localhost, request: "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21242 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/replicas/list" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XXX, server: localhost, request: "POST /replicas/list HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" 2014/08/23 01:26:02 [error] 1705#0: *21244 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/dids/attachments" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 128.142.XXX.XXX, server: localhost, request: "POST /dids/attachments HTTP/1.1", host: "loadbalancer.domain.com" As you can see, that request looks the same, only the client IP changed, from the client's host to the one from loadbalancer.domain.com. But due to what ever reasons ngxin seems to assume that it is a static file to be served which eventually results in the file not found message. I searched the web for multiple hours already, but without much luck so far. Any help is very much appreciated. Cheers, Ralph

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• Tomcat 7 on Ubuntu 12.04 with JRE 7 not starting

  - by Andreas Krueger

  I am running a virtual server in the web on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS / 32 Bit. After a clean install of JRE 7 and Tomcat 7, following the instructions on http://www.sysadminslife.com, I don't get Tomcat 7 up and running. > java -version java version "1.7.0_09" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_09-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 23.5-b02, mixed mode) > /etc/init.d/tomcat start Starting Tomcat Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar > telnet localhost 8080 Trying ::1... Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused netstat sometimes shows a Java process, most of the times not. If it does, nothing works either. Does anyone have a solution or encountered similar situations? Here are the contents of catalina.out: 16.11.2012 18:36:39 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle/lib/i386/client:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle/lib/i386:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle/../lib/i386:/usr/java/packages/lib/i386:/lib:/usr/lib 16.11.2012 18:36:40 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] 16.11.2012 18:36:40 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"] 16.11.2012 18:36:40 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load INFO: Initialization processed in 1509 ms 16.11.2012 18:36:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal INFO: Starting service Catalina 16.11.2012 18:36:40 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.29 16.11.2012 18:36:40 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager Here come the results of ps -ef, iptables --list and netstat -plut: > ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 init root 2 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd/206616] root 3 2 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [khelper/2066167] root 4 2 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/2066167/] root 5 2 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/2066167/] root 6 2 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/2066167/] root 7 2 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/2066167/] root 8 2 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 [nfsiod/2066167] root 119 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon root 125 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd --daemon root 157 125 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd --daemon root 158 125 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/udevd --daemon root 205 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 upstart-socket-bridge --daemon root 276 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D root 335 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/xinetd -dontfork -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid -stayalive -inetd root 348 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 cron syslog 368 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/syslogd -u syslog root 472 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/postfix/master postfix 482 472 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u root 520 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:04 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 523 520 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 525 520 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 526 520 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start tomcat 1074 1 0 Nov16 ? 00:01:08 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/ postfix 1351 472 0 Nov16 ? 00:00:00 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u -c postfix 3413 472 0 17:00 ? 00:00:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c root 3457 276 0 17:31 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0 root 3459 3457 0 17:31 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash root 3470 3459 0 17:31 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef > iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http-alt ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:8005 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http-alt Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination > netstat -plut Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN 472/master tcp 0 0 *:3213 *:* LISTEN 276/sshd tcp6 0 0 [::]:smtp [::]:* LISTEN 472/master tcp6 0 0 [::]:8009 [::]:* LISTEN 1074/java tcp6 0 0 [::]:3213 [::]:* LISTEN 276/sshd tcp6 0 0 [::]:http-alt [::]:* LISTEN 1074/java tcp6 0 0 [::]:http [::]:* LISTEN 520/apache2

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• Can't access shared drive when connecting over VPN

  - by evolvd

  I can ping all network devices but it doesn't seem that DNS is resolving their hostnames. ipconfig/ all is showing that I am pointing to the correct dns server. I can "ping "dnsname"" and it will resolve but it wont resolve any other names. Split tunnel is set up so outside DNS is resolving fine So one issue might be DNS but I have the IP address of the server share so I figure I could just get to it that way. example: \10.0.0.1\ well I can't get to it that way either and I get "the specified network name is no longer available" I can ping it but I can't open the share. Below is the ASA config : ASA Version 8.2(1) ! hostname KG-ASA domain-name example.com names ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.0.0.253 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address dhcp setroute ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring dns domain-lookup outside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server 10.0.0.101 domain-name blah.com access-list OUTSIDE_IN extended permit tcp any host 10.0.0.253 eq 10000 access-list OUTSIDE_IN extended permit tcp any host 10.0.0.253 eq 8333 access-list OUTSIDE_IN extended permit tcp any host 10.0.0.253 eq 902 access-list SPLIT-TUNNEL-VPN standard permit 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 access-list NONAT extended permit ip 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool IPSECVPN-POOL 10.0.1.2-10.0.1.50 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-621.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list NONAT nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 10000 10.0.0.101 10000 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 8333 10.0.0.101 8333 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 902 10.0.0.101 902 netmask 255.255.255.255 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication enable console LOCAL aaa authentication http console LOCAL aaa authentication serial console LOCAL aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL http server enable http 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set myset esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map dynmap 1 set transform-set myset crypto dynamic-map dynmap 1 set reverse-route crypto map IPSEC-MAP 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap crypto map IPSEC-MAP interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 65535 authentication pre-share encryption aes hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside telnet timeout 5 ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 inside ssh 70.60.228.0 255.255.255.0 outside ssh 74.102.150.0 255.255.254.0 outside ssh 74.122.164.0 255.255.252.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd dns 10.0.0.101 dhcpd lease 7200 dhcpd domain blah.com ! dhcpd address 10.0.0.110-10.0.0.170 inside dhcpd enable inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept ntp server 63.111.165.21 webvpn enable outside svc image disk0:/anyconnect-win-2.4.1012-k9.pkg 1 svc enable group-policy EASYVPN internal group-policy EASYVPN attributes dns-server value 10.0.0.101 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec svc webvpn split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value SPLIT-TUNNEL-VPN ! tunnel-group client type remote-access tunnel-group client general-attributes address-pool (inside) IPSECVPN-POOL address-pool IPSECVPN-POOL default-group-policy EASYVPN dhcp-server 10.0.0.253 tunnel-group client ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group CLIENTVPN type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group CLIENTVPN ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect icmp ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context I'm not sure where I should go next with troubleshooting nslookup result: Default Server: blahname.blah.lan Address: 10.0.0.101

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• Cisco: unable to negotiate IP using IPCP with Windows server

  - by lnk

  I am connecting to Windows server using PPP (for vpn), I establish connection but server does not respond me for my address requests: *Mar 23 00:40:06.055: Vi1 MS-CHAP-V2: I CHALLENGE id 0 len 25 from "MSDC" *Mar 23 00:40:06.063: Vi1 MS CHAP V2: Using hostname from interface CHAP *Mar 23 00:40:06.063: Vi1 MS CHAP V2: Using password from interface CHAP *Mar 23 00:40:06.067: Vi1 MS-CHAP-V2: O RESPONSE id 0 len 69 from "XXX" *Mar 23 00:40:06.087: Vi1 PPP: I pkt type 0xC223, datagramsize 50 link[ppp] *Mar 23 00:40:06.087: Vi1 MS-CHAP-V2: I SUCCESS id 0 len 46 msg is "S=XXX" *Mar 23 00:40:06.087: Vi1 MS CHAP V2 No Password found for : XXX *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 MS CHAP V2 Check AuthenticatorResponse Success for : XXX *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 1 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:06.091: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:07.091: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up *Mar 23 00:40:07.091: Vi1 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 1 len 12 magic 0x194CAFCF *Mar 23 00:40:07.103: Vi1 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 1 len 12 magic 0x361B62E5 *Mar 23 00:40:07.103: Vi1 LCP-FS: Received id 1, sent id 1, line up *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 2 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:08.083: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 3 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:10.099: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 4 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:12.115: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:12.211: Vi1 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 2 len 12 magic 0x194CAFCF *Mar 23 00:40:12.219: Vi1 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 2 len 12 magic 0x361B62E5 *Mar 23 00:40:12.219: Vi1 LCP-FS: Received id 2, sent id 2, line up *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 5 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:14.131: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: TIMEout: State REQsent *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 6 len 20 *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: VSO OUI 0x00000C kind 1 (0x000A00000C0100000000) *Mar 23 00:40:16.147: Vi1 IPCP: Address 0.0.0.0 (0x030600000000) *Mar 23 00:40:17.331: Vi1 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 3 len 12 magic 0x194CAFCF *Mar 23 00:40:17.343: Vi1 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 3 len 12 magic 0x361B62E5 *Mar 23 00:40:17.343: Vi1 LCP-FS: Received id 3, sent id 3, line up You see: My router asks for address, but only keepalives are on line. But the same server works with windows client!! ! version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption service internal ! hostname Router ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! ip subnet-zero ! ! ip cef vpdn enable ! vpdn-group pptp request-dialin protocol pptp pool-member 1 initiate-to ip XXXX ! ! ! ! ! ! ! bridge irb ! ! interface ATM0 no ip address shutdown no atm ilmi-keepalive dsl operating-mode auto ! interface FastEthernet0 ! interface FastEthernet1 ! interface FastEthernet2 ! interface FastEthernet3 ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address shutdown speed basic-1.0 basic-2.0 basic-5.5 6.0 9.0 basic-11.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 station-role root ! interface Vlan1 no ip address bridge-group 1 ! interface Dialer0 ip address negotiated encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer idle-timeout 0 dialer string XXX dialer persistent dialer vpdn dialer-group 1 keepalive 5 3 no cdp enable ppp authentication ms-chap-v2 optional ppp eap refuse ppp chap hostname XXX ppp chap password 0 XXX ppp ipcp mask request ppp ipcp ignore-map ppp ipcp address accept ! interface BVI1 mac-address XXX.XXX.XXX ip address dhcp ! ip classless ip route 172.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Dialer0 ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! control-plane ! bridge 1 protocol vlan-bridge bridge 1 route ip ! line con 0 no modem enable line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! scheduler max-task-time 5000 end

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• Making nginx withstand flood attacks

  - by Tiffany Walker

  How can I make it stand stand against attacks better? Are their plugins. Looking for a way to RATE LIMIT and remain up and not slow down. My Setup: user nobody; # no need for more workers in the proxy mode worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000; worker_priority -2; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; worker_rlimit_nofile 40480; events { worker_connections 5120; # increase for busier servers use epoll; # you should use epoll here for Linux kernels 2.6.x } http { server_name_in_redirect off; server_names_hash_max_size 10240; server_names_hash_bucket_size 1024; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens off; disable_symlinks if_not_owner; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 5; gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; gzip_proxied any; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_comp_level 9; gzip_buffers 16 8k; # You can remove image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg if you have slow CPU gzip_types text/plain text/xml text/css application/x-javascript application/xml image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg application/xml+rss text/javascript application/atom+xml; ignore_invalid_headers on; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; reset_timedout_connection on; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 256k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; client_max_body_size 200M; client_body_buffer_size 128k; request_pool_size 32k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; proxy_temp_path /tmp/nginx_proxy/; client_body_in_file_only on; log_format bytes_log "$msec $bytes_sent ."; include "/etc/nginx/vhosts/*"; } vhost file: server { error_log /var/log/nginx/vhost-error_log warn; listen 194.145.208.19:80; server_name ipxnow.in www.ipxnow.in; access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/ipxnow.in-bytes_log bytes_log; access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/ipxnow.in combined; root /home/ipxnowin/public_html; location / { location ~.*\.(3gp|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|ico|wmv|avi|asf|asx|mpg|mpeg|mp4|pls|mp3|mid|wav|swf|flv|html|htm|txt|js|css|exe|zip|tar|rar|gz|tgz|bz2|uha|7z|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|pdf|iso)$ { expires 7d; try_files $uri @backend; } error_page 405 = @backend; add_header X-Cache "HIT from Backend"; proxy_pass http://194.145.208.19:8081; include proxy.inc; } location @backend { internal; proxy_pass http://194.145.208.19:8081; include proxy.inc; } location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi|pl|py)?$ { proxy_pass http://194.145.208.19:8081; include proxy.inc; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } and proxy.inc: proxy_connect_timeout 59s; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 64k; proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_pass_header Set-Cookie; proxy_redirect off; proxy_hide_header Vary; proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ''; proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires; proxy_set_header Referer $http_referer; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

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• Build and migrated to software raid (mdadm) on GPT disk, now can't assemble array

  - by John H

  mdadm, gpt issues, unrecognized partitions. Simplified question: How do I get mdadm to recognize GPT partitions? I have been attempting to convert/copy my Ubuntu 11.10 OS from a single drive to software raid 1. I have done similar in the past, but in this case, I was adding in a drive that has been configured for GPT and I tried to work with that without fully looking into the implications. Currently, I have a non-booting mdadm RAID 1 array of /dev/md127 (the OS assigned that and it keeps picking up). I am booting off of live USB keys, currently System Rescue CD from sysresccd. While gdisk and parted can see all the partitions, most of the OS utilities do not, including mdadm. My main goal is just to make the raid array accessible so I can get pull the data and start fresh (without using GPT). /dev/md127 /dev/sda /dev/sda1 <- GPT type partition /dev/sda1 <- exists within the GPT part, member of md127 /dev/sda2 <- exists within the GPT part, empty /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 <- GPT type partition /dev/sdb1 <- exists within the GPT part, member of md127 History: POINT A: The original OS was install on sda (actually /dev/sda6). I used a the Ubuntu live usb to add sdb. I got warning from fdisk about GPT so I used gdisk to create a raid partition (sdb1) and mdadm to create a raid1 mirror with a missing drive. I had many issues getting this working (including being unable to get grub to install) but I eventually got it to boot using grub on sda and /dev/md127 off of sdb. So at point A, I had copied my OS from sda6 to md127 on sdb. I then booted into a rescue mode and attempted to get a bootloader onto sdb, which failed. I then discovered my mistake: I had installed the raid onto sdb instead of sdb1, essentially overwriting the sdb1 partition. POINT B: I now had two copies of my data- one on md127/sdb, and one on sda. I destroyed data on sda and created a new GPT table on sda. I then created sda1 for the raid array, and sda2 for a scratch partition. I added sda1 into the raid array and let it rebuild. md127 now covered /dev/sdb and /dev/sda1 as fully active and synced. POINT C: I rebooted onto linux rescue again and was still able to access the raid array. I then removed /dev/sdb from the array and created /dev/sdb1 for the raid. I added sdb1 to the array and let it sync. I was able to mount and access /dev/md127 without issues. Once it completed, both /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 were GPT partitions and actively syncing. POINT D (current): I rebooted again to test if the array would boot and grub failed to load. I booted off of my live thumb drive and found that I can no longer assemble the raid array. mdadm doesn't see the required partitions. -- root@freshdesk /root % uname -a Linux freshdesk 3.0.24-std251-amd64 #2 SMP Sat Mar 17 12:08:55 UTC 2012 x86_64 AMD Athlon(tm) II X4 645 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux === /proc/partitions and parted look good: root@freshdesk /root % cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 7 0 301788 loop0 8 0 976762584 sda 8 1 732579840 sda1 8 2 244181703 sda2 8 16 732574584 sdb 8 17 732573543 sdb1 8 32 7876607 sdc 8 33 7873349 sdc1 (parted) print all Model: ATA ST31000528AS (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 750GB 750GB ext4 2 750GB 1000GB 250GB Linux/Windows data Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 750GB 750GB ext4 Linux RAID raid Model: SanDisk SanDisk Cruzer (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 8066MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 31.7kB 8062MB 8062MB primary fat32 boot, lba === # no sda2, and I double the sdb1 is the one shown in parted root@freshdesk /root % blkid /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="75dd6c2d-f0a8-4302-9da4-792cc7d72355" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="PENDRIVE" UUID="1102-3720" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sdb1: UUID="2dd89f15-65bb-ff88-e368-bf24bd0fce41" TYPE="linux_raid_member" root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -E /dev/sda1 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda1. # this is probably a result of me attempting to force the array up, putting superblocks on the GPT partition root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -E /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 2dd89f15:65bbff88:e368bf24:bd0fce41 Creation Time : Fri Mar 30 19:25:30 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732568320 (698.63 GiB 750.15 GB) Array Size : 732568320 (698.63 GiB 750.15 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 127 Update Time : Sat Mar 31 12:39:38 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Checksum : a7d038b3 - correct Events : 20195 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 17 2 spare /dev/sdb1 0 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed 2 2 8 17 2 spare /dev/sdb1 === root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -A /dev/md127 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: no recogniseable superblock on /dev/sda1 mdadm: /dev/sda1 has no superblock - assembly aborted root@freshdesk /root % mdadm -A /dev/md127 /dev/sdb1 mdadm: cannot open device /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: /dev/sdb1 has no superblock - assembly aborted

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• Ubuntu error: no candidate ver

  - by codedude

  Ok...so for some reason by Ubuntu 10.04 partition won't startup anymore. I'm not exactly sure what I did. I have the feeling that I accidentally removed some important packages. However, when I startup in Recovery Mode and select "dpkg: repair broken packages" I get this output: rm: cannot remove /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*': No such file or directory rm: cannot remove/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*': No such file or directory Reading Cache Reading Package lists: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: libpulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-base No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libee12-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: lipulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libeel2-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 Your system is up-to-date There are no upgrades available for your system. The upgrade will now be canceled. Do you want to start the upgrdae? Continue [yN] Details [d] (Sorry that is so long...) I'm assuming I'm missing each of those packages. However, when I try to install them, for example: sudo apt-get install libisc44 I get some response that this package is missing and/or it may be part of another package. I'm not exactly sure what I should do. I don't want to reinstall ubuntu, since I have it dual booted with Windows Vista and I don't want to risk anything on the Windows partition. What are your thoughts? EDIT: I've posted this on Ubuntu Forums and nobody ever responded so...yah

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• Ubuntu error: no candidate ver

  - by codedude

  Ok...so for some reason by Ubuntu 10.04 partition won't startup anymore. I'm not exactly sure what I did. I have the feeling that I accidentally removed some important packages. However, when I startup in Recovery Mode and select "dpkg: repair broken packages" I get this output: rm: cannot remove /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*': No such file or directory rm: cannot remove/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*': No such file or directory Reading Cache Reading Package lists: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done Reading State Information: Done No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: libpulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-base No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libee12-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 No candidate ver: libisc44 No candidate ver: readahead No candidate ver: libdirectfb-1.0-0 No candidate ver: upstart-logd No candidate ver: libparted1.8-10 No candidate ver: libflickrnet2.1.5-cil No candidate ver: libicu38 No candidate ver: fast-user-switch-applet No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: libnm-util0 No candidate ver: libwebkit-1.0-1 No candidate ver: libopal3.6.1 No candidate ver: libbind9-40 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-common No candidate ver: upstart-compat-sysv No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: chromium-browser No candidate ver: libisc45 No candidate ver: belocs-locales-bin No candidate ver: libxcb-xlib0 No candidate ver: libpoppler4 No candidate ver: libpulsecore9 No candidate ver: lipulsecore5 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libntfs-3g49 No candidate ver: libisccfg40 No candidate ver: libavahi-core5 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libparted1.8-9 No candidate ver: libmagickwand1 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: libraw1394-8 No candidate ver: libdatrie0 No candidate ver: libboost-program-options1.35.0 No candidate ver: libgnomekbdui3 No candidate ver: libsgutils1 No candidate ver: libass1 No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-15-generic No candidate ver: libindicate1 No candidate ver: libgnomekbd3 No candidate ver: system-services No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-13-generic No candidate ver: libmagick10 No candidate ver: libcolamd-3.2.0 No candidate ver: desktop-effects-kde No candidate ver: picasa No candidate ver: libgnome-desktop-2-7 No candidate ver: libntfs-3g28 No candidate ver: libxklavier12 No candidate ver: libgpod3 No candidate ver: libmagickcore1 No candidate ver: libffado0 No candidate ver: libzephyr3 No candidate ver: libuniconf4.4 No candidate ver: libmbca0 No candidate ver: liblwres40 No candidate ver: hotkey-setup No candidate ver: libkrb53 No candidate ver: ttf-bitstream-vera No candidate ver: libeel2-2 No candidate ver: libopal-2.2 No candidate ver: songbird No candidate ver: plib1.8.4c2 No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.27-7-generic No candidate ver: libpoppler3 No candidate ver: google-chrome-unstable No candidate ver: linux-image-2.6.28-11-generic No candidate ver: linux-restricted-modules-2.6.28-14-generic No candidate ver: simgear1.0.0 No candidate ver: libpoppler-glib3 No candidate ver: mono-common No candidate ver: libx264-65 No candidate ver: libwvstreams4.4-extras No candidate ver: libdns43 No candidate ver: libnm-glib0 No candidate ver: libpt2.6.1 No candidate ver: libisccc40 No candidate ver: libdns45 Your system is up-to-date There are no upgrades available for your system. The upgrade will now be canceled. Do you want to start the upgrdae? Continue [yN] Details [d] (Sorry that is so long...) I'm assuming I'm missing each of those packages. However, when I try to install them, for example: sudo apt-get install libisc44 I get some response that this package is missing and/or it may be part of another package. I'm not exactly sure what I should do. I don't want to reinstall ubuntu, since I have it dual booted with Windows Vista and I don't want to risk anything on the Windows partition. What are your thoughts? EDIT: I've posted this on Ubuntu Forums and nobody ever responded so...yah

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• ASA 5505 Vlan question

  - by Wayne

  I am setting up a cisco asa 5505 with the base license. I can communicate from inside-outside, outside-inside, inside-home, which is my desired traffic security. I can get http, ssh, and other access from inside-home, but I can't ping from inside-home (192.168.110.0 host to 192.168.7.1 or 192.168.7.0 host). Can someone explain. My config is listed below interface Vlan1<br> nameif inside<br> security-level 100<br> ip address 192.168.110.254 255.255.255.0 <br> !<br> interface Vlan2<br> nameif outside<br> security-level 0<br> pppoe client vpdn group birdie<br> ip address removedIP 255.255.255.255 pppoe <br> !<br> interface Vlan3<br> no forward interface Vlan1<br> nameif home<br> security-level 50<br> ip address 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.0 <br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/0<br> switchport access vlan 2<br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/1<br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/2<br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/3<br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/4<br> switchport access vlan 3<br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/5<br> shutdown <br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/6<br> shutdown <br> ! <br> interface Ethernet0/7<br> shutdown <br> ! <br> ftp mode passive<br> clock timezone EST -5<br> clock summer-time EDT recurring<br> access-list Outside-In extended permit icmp any any <br> access-list Outside-In extended permit tcp any any eq www <br> access-list Outside-In extended permit tcp any any eq https <br> access-list Outside-In extended permit tcp any any eq 5969 <br> access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.224 <br> access-list standardUser_splitTunnelAcl1 extended permit ip 192.168.111.0 255.255.255.0 any <br> access-list standardUser_splitTunnelAcl1 extended permit ip 192.168.110.0 255.255.255.0 <br>any access-list inside_in extended permit icmp any any <br> access-list inside_in extended permit ip any any <br> access-list home_in extended permit icmp any any <br> access-list home_in extended permit ip any any <br> pager lines 24<br> logging enable<br> logging asdm informational<br> mtu inside 1492<br> mtu outside 1492<br> mtu home 1500 <br> ip local pool vpnuser 192.168.111.5-192.168.111.20<br> icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1<br> asdm image disk0:/asdm-524.bin<br> no asdm history enable<br> arp timeout 14400<br> nat-control <br> global (outside) 1 interface<br> nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound<br> nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0<br> nat (home) 1 192.168.7.0 255.255.255.0<br> static (inside,outside) tcp interface https 192.168.110.6 https netmask 255.255.255.255 <br> static (inside,outside) tcp interface www 192.168.110.6 www netmask 255.255.255.255 <br> static (inside,outside) tcp interface 5969 192.168.110.12 5969 netmask 255.255.255.255 <br> static (inside,home) 192.168.110.0 192.168.110.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 <br> access-group inside_in in interface inside<br> access-group Outside-In in interface outside<br> access-group home_in in interface home<br> route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 RemovedIP 1<br>

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• Nginx reverse proxy IP issue

  - by Tiffany Walker

  For some reason Apache is still seeing my SERVERS ip. Is this an nginx problem? /etc/nginx.conf user nobody; # no need for more workers in the proxy mode worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; worker_rlimit_nofile 20480; events { worker_connections 5120; # increase for busier servers use epoll; # you should use epoll here for Linux kernels 2.6.x } http { server_name_in_redirect off; server_names_hash_max_size 10240; server_names_hash_bucket_size 1024; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_tokens off; disable_symlinks if_not_owner; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 5; gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; gzip_proxied any; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 8k; # You can remove image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg if you have slow CPU gzip_types text/plain text/xml text/css application/x-javascript application/xml image/png image/x-icon image/gif image/jpeg application/xml+rss text/javascript application/atom+xml; ignore_invalid_headers on; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; reset_timedout_connection on; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 256k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; client_max_body_size 200M; client_body_buffer_size 128k; request_pool_size 32k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; proxy_temp_path /tmp/nginx_proxy/; client_body_in_file_only on; log_format bytes_log "$msec $bytes_sent ."; include "/etc/nginx/vhosts/*"; } proxy.inc proxy_connect_timeout 59s; proxy_send_timeout 600; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 64k; proxy_buffers 16 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_pass_header Set-Cookie; proxy_redirect off; proxy_hide_header Vary; proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ''; proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires; proxy_set_header Referer $http_referer; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; vhost file: server { error_log /var/log/nginx/vhost-error_log warn; listen 63.6.1.12:80; server_name photo-rolldomain.com www.domain.com; access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain.com-bytes_log bytes_log; access_log /usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain.com combined; root /home/mtech/public_html; location / { location ~.*\.(3gp|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|ico|wmv|avi|asf|asx|mpg|mpeg|mp4|pls|mp3|mid|wav|swf|flv|html|htm|txt|js|css|exe|zip|tar|rar|gz|tgz|bz2|uha|7z|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|pdf|iso)$ { expires 7d; try_files $uri @backend; } error_page 405 = @backend; add_header X-Cache "HIT from Backend"; proxy_pass http://63.6.1.12:8081; include proxy.inc; } location @backend { internal; proxy_pass http://63.6.1.12:8081; include proxy.inc; } location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi|pl|py)?$ { proxy_pass http://63.6.1.12:8081; include proxy.inc; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } }

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• Page allocation failures on iSCSI storage

  - by Dave

  We have a CentOS 6.3 iscsi server (16GB RAM) running on Infiniband bus (ipoib). When the load is high I can see multiple errors: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: tgtd: page allocation failure. order:2, mode:0x20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Pid: 3637, comm: tgtd Not tainted 2.6.32 #1 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Call Trace: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x77f/0x940 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? kmem_getpages+0x62/0x170 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? fallback_alloc+0x1ba/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? cache_grow+0x2cf/0x320 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ____cache_alloc_node+0x99/0x160 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? pskb_expand_head+0x64/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __kmalloc+0x189/0x220 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? pskb_expand_head+0x64/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x2aa/0x360 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_init_tso_segs+0x37/0x50 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x4bb/0x6f0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? neigh_connected_output+0xbd/0x100 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_finish_output+0x237/0x310 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_output+0xb8/0xc0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __ip_local_out+0x9f/0xb0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_local_out+0x25/0x30 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x190/0x420 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sock_aio_write+0x167/0x180 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x3fe/0x7b0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x1fb/0xa20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x30/0xe0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_push_pending_frames+0x33/0x40 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? do_tcp_setsockopt+0x3d6/0x480 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_setsockopt+0x2a/0x30 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sock_common_setsockopt+0x14/0x20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sys_setsockopt+0x7f/0xe0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Mem-Info: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 23 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 181 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 171 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 29 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 32 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 32 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: active_anon:1875 inactive_anon:2473 isolated_anon:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: active_file:1243637 inactive_file:2505055 isolated_file:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: unevictable:0 dirty:268338 writeback:0 unstable:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: free:86050 slab_reclaimable:132377 slab_unreclaimable:23744 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: mapped:1293 shmem:222 pagetables:720 bounce:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA free:15732kB min:124kB low:152kB high:184kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15332kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2172 16060 16060 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 free:107544kB min:18268kB low:22832kB high:27400kB active_anon:468kB inactive_anon:2364kB active_file:566208kB inactive_file:976112kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:2224900kB mlocked:0kB dirty:96816kB writeback:0kB mapped:908kB shmem:12kB slab_reclaimable:176940kB slab_unreclaimable:968kB kernel_stack:64kB pagetables:192kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 13887 13887 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal free:220924kB min:116772kB low:145964kB high:175156kB active_anon:7032kB inactive_anon:7528kB active_file:4408340kB inactive_file:9044108kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:14220800kB mlocked:0kB dirty:976536kB writeback:0kB mapped:4264kB shmem:876kB slab_reclaimable:352568kB slab_unreclaimable:94008kB kernel_stack:2048kB pagetables:2688kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA: 1*4kB 0*8kB 1*16kB 1*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 3*4096kB = 15732kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32: 16305*4kB 4381*8kB 353*16kB 8*32kB 1*64kB 1*128kB 0*256kB 1*512kB 1*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 107900kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal: 14548*4kB 14808*8kB 2420*16kB 31*32kB 5*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 1*4096kB = 220784kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 3748822 total pagecache pages Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 0 pages in swap cache Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Free swap = 975864kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Total swap = 975864kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 4194303 pages RAM Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 126915 pages reserved Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 3753534 pages shared Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 213500 pages non-shared TCP stack and VM config: net.core.rmem_max = 83886080 net.core.wmem_max = 83886080 net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 40960 1048560 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 40960 196608 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16388608 16388608 16388608 vm.min_free_kbytes=135168 Additional tweaks: /sbin/blockdev --setra 16384 /dev/sdb echo 2048 /sys/block/sdb/queue/nr_requests Where might the problem be? Thank you.

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• Windows XP - Repairing Corrupt System32\Config\System File

  - by SimonTewsi

  My apologies for this long post. I would like to describe the mess I'm in then ask some questions about how to fix it: Starting up my Windows XP SP1 machine I got the following message: Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM Tried restarting several times with same results then Googled the problem. Tried the fix described here: http://icrontic.com/articles/repair%5Fwindows%5Fxp (since my CPU does not have XD buffer overflow protection I did not set /NOEXECUTE=OPTIN as OS Load Option). This did not work. I then found another fix for the problem on hardwareanalysis.com: Basically, boot to dos prompt (or recovery console if available) and make backups of the following files:- c:\windows\system32\config\system (to c:\windows\tmp\system.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\software (to c:\windows\tmp\software.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\sam (to c:\windows\tmp\sam.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\security (to c:\windows\tmp\security.bak) c:\windows\system32\config\default (to c:\windows\tmp\default.bak) then delete the above files (not the backups!) then copy the above files in c:\windows\repair to the c:\windows\system32\config directory restart your computer This did work (and I wish I'd done it first, since it was completely reversible, unlike the first method). However, afterwards I found that all the user accounts on the PC were gone. I resurrected them by copying the backed up security file back into the system32\config folder (I may have copied the SAM file from backup as well, I cannot remember clearly now). Now the PC boots up and I can log in. However things are still not right. I tried to alter one of the user accounts and found I could not access the User Accounts in the Control Panel. Microsoft KB 919292 had a fix for the problem. However, the fix failed with a Windows Installer error: The Windows Installer Service could not be accessed. This can occur if you are running Windows in safe mode, or if Windows Installer is not correctly installed. Contact your support personnel for assistance. Windows Installer 3.1 was already installed. I reinstalled it but continued to get the Windows Installer error whenever I tried to run the fix in KB 919292. I have since noticed another three problems: 1) Several applications on the PC no longer run, eg Microsoft Word. Shortcuts no longer seem to do anything and if I run the executables directly (eg for Word by running C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\Winword.exe) I get a message similar to: "Microsoft Word has not been installed for the current user. Please run setup to install the application." even though the executable is clearly visible in Windows Explorer (and even though Word actually opens - the error dialog appears after Word has opened. Clicking OK to the error dialog closes Word). 2) One or the other of the two fixes I tried for the original problem caused new user profiles to be created. eg My old user profile under the Documents and Settings folder was Simon. The old one still exists but there is now a new one called Simon.DBQ2515. Obviously the new one is being used because Opera (my browser that still works) no longer sees the bookmarks file under my old profile. 3) Probably as a result of fooling around with the Security file, when I try to boot off the Windows XP CD and run the Recovery Console I am now asked for the administrator password. The only problem is there is no administrator account on the PC. There is one account, LocalAdmin, that has administrative rights but when I entered the password for that account it did not work. It is so long since I originally set up the PC that I cannot remember if the original administrator account ever had a password and, if so, what it was. So, my question is: How can I fix this mess? In particular: 1) Having tried the two fixes linked to above, have I irrepairably damaged the Windows instance, requiring a clean reinstallation of Windows + all applications, or should it be possible to get the machine working correctly again without such drastic measures? 2) Is there any way to get around the administrator password so I can use the Recovery Console again, given that there is no account called "administrator" and the password for the one account with admin privileges does not work (and that, before I started the second fix, I was not asked for an administrator password)? 3) Is there any easy way to fix the problem with the applications that think they are not installed? 4) Is there any easy way to fix the problem of the Windows Installer that does not work, even if reinstalled? Cheers Simon

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