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Windows 7 fails to connect to the internet a few minutes after startup

- by SageTheGreat

Problem Earlier today, when I turned on my desktop computer, my internet connection works fine. Cryptocurrency miners connecting and hashing as usual and I can browse websites. But after a few minutes, my miner fails indicating that there is something wrong with my internet connection. Tried refreshing my browser and is stuck at "resolving host", and then presented me an error. After that, i can't browse sites anymore. But the weird thing is that the network icon in Windows 7 shows no signs of problems. Solutions Made Restarted my computer without doing anything: Problem persists. Tried using the network troubleshooter of windows: Reported no problems Stopped bonjour still no progress. Loaded windows using Last good config: still no progress. Restarted Modem: No change. Current Status I currently did a system restore to my system to a point before installing the latest update from Microsoft. Because earlier today, I installed some updates and after that, the problem started to appear. (After system restore, same problem.) Latest Programs installed before the problem MS Visual Studio 2013 (but internet still worked fine after the install). I hope someone could provide answers on this problem. It is my first time encountering this. EDIT: Additional Info OS: Windows 7 SP1 64-bit AV: Avast Free Antivirus Internet Connection Type: Ethernet It appears that my Laptop can't even connect to the machine thru Remote Desktop My laptop and phone on WiFi works fine and can connect to the internet. EDIT 2: Whenever I boot into Safe Mode, my Internet is fine.

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Running docker in VPC and accessing container from another VPC machine

- by Bogdan Gaza

I'm having issues while running docker in AWS VPC. Here is my setup: I've got two machines running in VPC: 10.0.100.150 10.0.100.151 both having an elastic IPs assigned to them, both running in the same internet enabled subnet. Let's say I'm running a web server that serves static files in a container on the 10.0.100.150 machine the container: IP: 172.17.0.2 port 8111 is forwarded on the 8111 port on the machine. I'm trying to access the static files from my local machine (or another non-VPC machine also tried an EC2 instance not running in the VPC) and it work flawlessly. If I try to access the files from the other machine (10.0.100.151) it hangs. I'm using wget to pull the files. Tried to debug it with tcpdump and ngrep and that I have seen is that the request reaches the container. If I ngrep on the host machine I see the requests going in but no response going back. If I ngrep on the container I see the requests going in and the response going back. I've tried multiple iptables setups (with postrouting enabled, with manually forwarding ports etc) but no success. Help in any way - even debugging directions would be much appreciated. Thanks!

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How to prevent remote hosts from delivering mail to Postfix with spoofed From header?

- by Hongli Lai

I have a host, let's call it foo.com, on which I'm running Postfix on Debian. Postfix is currently configured to do these things: All mail with @foo.com as recipient is handled by this Postfix server. It forwards all such mail to my Gmail account. The firewall thus allows port 25. All mail with another domain as recipient is rejected. SPF records have been set up for the foo.com domain, saying that foo.com is the sole origin of all mail from @foo.com. Applications running on foo.com can connect to localhost:25 to deliver mail, with [email protected] as sender. However I recently noticed that some spammers are able to send spam to me while passing the SPF checks. Upon further inspection, it looks like they connect to my Postfix server and then say HELO bar.com MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> <---- this! RCPT TO:<[email protected]> DATA From: "Buy Viagra" <[email protected]> <--- and this! ... How do I prevent this? I only want applications running on localhost to be able to say MAIL FROM:<[email protected]>. Here's my current config (main.cf): https://gist.github.com/1283647

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WebHost Manager - Apache's VHost isn't matching the DNS entry

- by Trans

I've used CPanel's WebHost Manager to create a new host on my VPS. I then used my HOSTS file to point fake.com to the relevant IP address. The problem I'm having now is, Apache isn't recognizing the VHost,or something, as it's just loading the default entry and 404'ing every document I try to GET. Here's the VHost entry NameVirtualHost 0.0.0.209:80 NameVirtualHost 0.0.0.211:80 <VirtualHost 0.0.0.209:80> ServerName fake.com ServerAlias www.fake.com DocumentRoot /home/fakecom/public_html ServerAdmin [email protected] ## User fakecom # Needed for Cpanel::ApacheConf <IfModule mod_suphp.c> suPHP_UserGroup fakecom fakecom </IfModule> <IfModule !mod_disable_suexec.c> SuexecUserGroup fakecom fakecom </IfModule> CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/fake.com-bytes_log "%{%s}t %I .\n%{%s}t %O ." CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/fake.com combined Options -ExecCGI -Includes RemoveHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .plx .ppl .perl ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/fakecom/public_html/cgi-bin/ </VirtualHost> I've Google'd this profusely and all that's being returned is 'DNS errors. Wait for it to propagate'. That's obviously not my problem, since I'm using HOSTS. What else could be causing this? :/ EDIT: Forgot to mention. http://fake.com/~fakecom/test.html loads just fine. So the fake.com is pointing to the right IP.

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EC2 instance is blocking all outbound connections, how to diagnose/fix?

- by Fraggle

My EC2 instance is blocking all outbound connections. wget http://www.google.com ==> Hangs ping google.com ==>hangs ssh user@anyserver ==>hangs I ran : sudo iptables -F to eliminate all rules to no avail AWS Management console shows Security Group for that instance has Inbound rule allowing ssh and port 80. Can't find anything about Outbound rules there. Rebooted instance, no change. If anyone knows how to diagnose or fix, please help. Adding info: [ec2-user@ip-10-112-62-73 ~]$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 12:31:3D:06:31:BB inet addr:10.112.62.73 Bcast:10.112.63.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1031:3dff:fe06:31bb/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1933 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:164075 (160.2 KiB) TX bytes:343256 (335.2 KiB) Interrupt:9 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:672 (672.0 b) TX bytes:672 (672.0 b) [ec2-user@ip-10-112-62-73 ~]$ ip route show 10.112.62.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.112.62.73 default via 10.112.62.1 dev eth0

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smtpd_helo_restrictions = ..., reject_unknown_helo_hostname occasionally rejects mail I care about, how to handle?

- by lkraav

I have configured my postfix as follows: smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_helo_hostname This is working well because most spambots don't seem to have correct reverse lookups. But every once in a while I run into mail I care about getting reject, because the mail source server admin doesn't care about configuring his server correctly. For example here the server introduces itself as "srv1.xbmc.org" which has no DNS record and fails my basic check. Jan 6 04:42:36 mail postfix/smtpd[660]: connect from xbmc.org[205.251.128.242] Jan 6 04:42:37 mail postfix/smtpd[660]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from xbmc.org[205.251.128.242]: 450 4.7.1 <srv1.xbmc.org>: Helo command rejected: Host not found; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<srv1.xbmc.org> I have tried to contact the server admin several times, but there is no response. What is the optimal way to handle this from my side? Is adding these "special" hosts to mynetworks = my only option? Is perhaps my whole smtpd_helo_restrictions setup wrong in some significant way?

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Backing up SQL NetApp Snapshots using TSM

- by WerkkreW

In our environment we have a 3 node SQL 2005 Cluster which is on NetApp storage. We are currently using SMSQL (NetApp SnapManager for SQL) to take Snapshot backups of the data. This works great, but due to some audit requirements we are also forced to maintain some copies on tape. We have used NDMP in other places across the enterprise but we do not want to use it in this specific instance. Basically what I need to do is, get the most recent snapshot copy of the databases on tape, via Tivoli Storage Manager (TSM). What I have done is, obtained a basic Windows Server 2003 VM with SnapDrive installed, which is SAN attached and zoned to the NetApp, and I have written a batch file to do the following: Mount the latest __RECENT snapshot lun to the host, using a specific drive letter Perform a TSM based incremental backup Dis-mount the LUN This seems to work fine, except sometimes the LUN's do not mount due to some sort of timeout. Also, due to my limited knowledge of windows batch scripting, I have no way to monitor the success or failure of these backups since I do not know how to send a valid return code back to the TSM scheduling service. Is there a more efficient/elegant way to accomplish this without NDMP?

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How to allow writing to a mounted NFS partition

- by Cerin

How do you allow a specific user permission to write to an NFS partition? I've mounted an NFS share on my localhost (a Fedora install), and I can read and write as root, but I'm unable to write as the apache user, even though all the files and directories in the share on my localhost and remote host are owned by apache. For example, I've mounted it via this line in my /etc/fstab: remotehost:/data/media /data/media nfs _netdev,soft,intr,rw,bg 0 0 And both locations are owned by apache: [root@remotehost ~]# ls -la /data total 24 drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Jan 6 2011 . dr-xr-xr-x. 28 root root 4096 Oct 31 2011 .. drwxr-xr-x 4 apache apache 4096 Jan 14 2011 media [root@localhost ~]# ls -la /data total 16 drwxr-xr-x 4 apache apache 4096 Dec 7 2011 . dr-xr-xr-x. 27 root root 4096 Jun 11 15:51 .. drwxrwxrwx 5 apache apache 4096 Jan 31 2011 media However, when I try and write as the apache user, I get a "Permission denied" error. [root@localhost ~]# sudo -u apache touch /data/media/test.txt' touch: cannot touch `/data/media/test.txt': Permission denied But of course it works fine as root. What am I doing wrong?

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Unable to record using Jmeter: [help me very urgent]

- by krish

Hi, I am trying to record a http web page using Jmeter 2.3.3 version.I has setup the JMeter proxy and tried, but did n't work. I have followed the below steps. 1. Launch jmeter 2.3.3, added thred group to test plan 2. Under Workbench-add-non-test elements- added HTTP proxy server. proxy server setting are port:9090, target:use recording controller, grouping:donot group samplers, Type:HTTp request and checked the boxes of all under http sampler settings 3.Saved the settings 4. Now in browser(IE 7.0 or firefox 3.0.16), under connection settings, setup the manual proxy settings as local host and port as 9090(no auto detect settings nothing, only manual proxy). Setting saved 5.Now in the jmeter, started the http proxy server. 6. Open a browser and hit the webpage needs to be tested. The page is not opened. In fact because of the changes made in browsers, no pages are opened. Whenever i try hitting a page, the pages are recorded in the Jmeter. but without the page open, how can i test. I looking for an immediate answer and my work is blocked. Immediate answer would be appreciated.

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Connection refused in ssh tunnel to apache forward proxy setup

- by arkascha

I am trying to setup a private forward proxy in a small server. I mean to use it during a conference to tunnel my internet access through an ssh tunnel to the proxy server. So I created a virtual host inside apache-2.2 running the proxy, the proxy_http and the proxy_connect module. I use this configuration: <VirtualHost localhost:8080> ServerAdmin xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ServerName yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/proxy-error_log CustomLog /var/log/apache2/proxy-access_log combined <IfModule mod_proxy.c> ProxyRequests On <Proxy *> # deny access to all IP addresses except localhost Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Proxy> # The following is my preference. Your mileage may vary. ProxyVia Block ## allow SSL proxy AllowCONNECT 443 </IfModule> </VirtualHost> After restarting apache I create a tunnel from client to server: #> ssh -L8080:localhost:8080 <server address> and try to access the internet through that tunnel: #> links -http-proxy localhost:8080 http://www.linux.org I would expect to see the requested page. Instead a get a "connection refused" error. In the shell holding open the ssh tunnel I get this: channel 3: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused Anyone got an idea why this connection is refused ?

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Configure one IIS site to handle two separate SSL certificates using external Load Balancing or SSL Acceleration Servers

- by bmccleary

I have one web application on our server that needs to be referenced by two different domain names, both of which have their own SSL certificates. The application is exactly the same for both domains, but we have to keep the two domain names for legal reasons. The problem is that, since both domains need to have their own SSL certificate, that inside of our IIS 7.5 configuration we have to have two separate IIS applications (both pointing to the same physical location) with their own unique IP address and SSL certificate installed. Now, I know that, due to the nature of SSL communications, that this is by design and that you can't assign more than one SSL certificate per IP address and domain name. My question is… is there any way around this limitation and keep one web application in IIS and have it service two SSL certificates based on host name? I know that with the basic IIS configuration that this is not possible, but I was thinking that with some sort of combination of external load balancing and/or SSL acceleration servers/services that we could have these servers process the SSL request and leave IIS clean to have one single application. I am not familiar at all with these technologies, hence the reason I am asking if it is theoretically possible. If not, does anyone else know how to achieve this?

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Prevent nginx from redirecting traffic from https to http when used as a reverse proxy

- by Chris Pratt

Here's my abbreviated nginx vhost conf: upstream gunicorn { server 127.0.0.1:8080 fail_timeout=0; } server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name domain.com ~^.+\.domain\.com$; location / { try_files $uri @proxy; } location @proxy { proxy_pass_header Server; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme; proxy_connect_timeout 10; proxy_read_timeout 120; proxy_pass http://gunicorn; } } The same server needs to serve both HTTP and HTTPS, however, when the upstream issues a redirect (for instance, after a form is processed), all HTTPS requests are redirected to HTTP. The only thing I have found that will correct this issue is changing proxy_redirect to the following: proxy_redirect http:// https://; That works wonderfully for requests coming from HTTPS, but if a redirect is issued over HTTP it also redirects that to HTTPS, which is a problem. Out of desperation, I tried: if ($scheme = 'https') { proxy_redirect http:// https://; } But nginx complains that proxy_redirect isn't allowed here. The only other option I can think of is to define the two servers separately and set proxy_redirect only on the SSL one, but then I would have duplicate the rest of the conf (there's a lot in the server directive that I omitted for simplicity sake). I know I could also use an include directive to factor out the redundancy, but I really want to keep just one conf file without any dependencies. So, first, is there something I'm missing that will negate the problem entirely? Or, second, if not, is there any other way (besides including an external file) to factor out the redundant config information so that I can separate out the HTTP and HTTPS versions of the server config?

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ports only available from the outside network

- by ChrisJ

This is a counter-intuitive problem for me. I have a new Win 2003 server on a static IP address w.x.y.z. Tomcat 7, PostgreSQL 9.1, and Subversion are installed. All of it appears to be working fine from the server itself. We can also access the Tomcat manager, web applications, and run "svn ls svn://w.x.y.z/" from outside our network. However, when I try from another machine in the office, phpPgAdmin and svn cannot establish connections with the server. http://w.x.y.z:5432/phppgadmin cannot connect. The svn command from above returns: svn: E730061: Unable to connect to a repository at URL 'svn://w.x.y.z/' svn: E730061: Can't connect to host 'w.x.y.z': No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it. Tomcat manager and the other web apps we have deployed work fine. Netstat -a from the server shows this: Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP SERVERNAME:3690 SERVERNAME:0 LISTENING TCP SERVERNAME:5432 SERVERNAME:0 LISTENING Windows Firewall was off, but just in case I also tried to enable it and open ports 3690 (svn) and 5432 (postgres). No change. I don't have access to the router/switch because it just doesn't work that way in Port-au-Prince and our sysadmin is on R&R. Is there anything that might be causing the problem from the server side?

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nginx projects in subfolders

- by Timothy

I'm getting frustrated with my nginx configuration and so I'm asking for help in writing my config file to serve multiple projects from sub-directories in the same root. This isn't virtual hosting as they are all using the same host value. Perhaps an example will clarify my attempt: request 192.168.1.1/ should serve index.php from /var/www/public/ request 192.168.1.1/wiki/ should serve index.php from /var/www/wiki/public/ request 192.168.1.1/blog/ should serve index.php from /var/www/blog/public/ These projects are using PHP and use fastcgi. My current configuration is very minimal. server { listen 80 default; server_name localhost; access_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.access.log; root /var/www; index index.php index.html; location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } I've tried various things with alias and rewrite but was not able to get things set correctly for fastcgi. It seems there should be a more eloquent way than writing location blocks and duplicating root, index, SCRIPT_FILENAME, etc. Any pointers to get me headed in the right direction are appreciated.

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One Apache VirtualHost entry overrides another?

- by johnlai2004

I can't tell why one apache virtual host entry keeps overriding another. The following file // filename: cbl <VirtualHost 74.207.237.23:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName completebeautylist.com ServerAlias www.completebeautylist.com DocumentRoot /srv/www/cbl/production/public_html/ ErrorLog /srv/www/cbl/production/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/www/cbl/production/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> keeps overriding this file // filename: theccco.org <VirtualHost 74.207.237.23:80> SuexecUserGroup "#1010" "#1010" ServerName theccco.org ServerAlias www.theccco.org ServerAlias webmail.theccco.org ServerAlias admin.theccco.org DocumentRoot /home/theccco/public_html ErrorLog /var/log/virtualmin/theccco.org_error_log CustomLog /var/log/virtualmin/theccco.org_access_log combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/theccco/cgi-bin/ DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.php4 index.php5 <Directory /home/theccco/public_html> Options -Indexes +IncludesNOEXEC +FollowSymLinks allow from all AllowOverride All </Directory> <Directory /home/theccco/cgi-bin> allow from all </Directory> RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =webmail.theccco.org RewriteRule ^(.*) https://theccco.org:20000/ [R] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =admin.theccco.org RewriteRule ^(.*) https://theccco.org:10000/ [R] Alias /dav /home/theccco/public_html <Location /dav> DAV On AuthType Basic AuthName theccco.org AuthUserFile /home/theccco/etc/dav.digest.passwd Require valid-user ForceType text/plain Satisfy All RewriteEngine off </Location> </VirtualHost> I tried a2ensite, a2dissite, and reloading I get this message * Reloading web server config apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [Thu Apr 15 10:47:36 2010] [warn] NameVirtualHost 74.207.237.23:443 has no VirtualHosts Aside from that, I don't know what else could be wrong. Can anyone tell me what to do?

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Clustering filesystem for small files

- by viraptor

Hi, I'm looking for a distributed filesystem which I could use for storing lots of small files (<1MB usually). What I want to get is: 2 servers which have the fs mounted themselves and mirror the data locking support (among reachable nodes) some kind of best-effort automatic resynchronisation after one node goes down and comes back again What I mean by the resync is that, I'm ok with both servers doing read/write operations even if they split-brain. I'm also ok if a local process obtains a lock if the other host is not reachable. From the resync I expect only a file-level consistent view after a while - that is - if file x is modified on both nodes during a split-brain, I don't really care which one is available after they join again, as long as it's full file, not one block coming from node1 and another block from node2. Is there a solution like that out there? I see that gluster has some problems with file locks (even in 3.1). I also noticed that OCFS2 will panic if both nodes split-brain. What other filesystem would allow me to do what I want?

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PHP script not automatically updating when moved to another server

- by user32007

A friend built a ranking system on his site and I am trying to host in on mine via WordPress and Go Daddy. It updates for him but when I load it to my site, it works for 6 hours, but as soon as the reload is supposed to occur, it errors and I get a 500 timeout error. His page is at: jeremynoeljohnson .com/yakezieclub My page is currently at http://sweatingthebigstuff.com/yakezieclub but when you ?reload=1 it will give the error. Any idea why this might be happening? Any settings that I might need to change? Here is the top of the index.php file. I'm not sure which part of any of it is messing up. I literally uploaded the same code as him. Here's the reload part: $cachefile = "rankings.html"; $daycachefile = "rankings_history.xml"; $cachetime = (60 * 60) * 6; // every 6 hours, the cache refreshes $daycachetime = (60 * 60) * 24; // every 24 hours, the history will be written to // - or whenever the page is requested after 24 hours has passed $writenewdata = false; if (!empty($_GET['reload'])) { if ($_GET['reload']== 1) { $cachetime = 1; } } if (!empty($_GET['reloadhistory'])) { if ($_GET['reloadhistory'] == 1) { $daycachetime = 1; $cachetime = 1; } } if (file_exists($daycachefile) && (time() - $daycachetime < filemtime($daycachefile))) { // Do nothing } else { $writenewdata = true; $cachetime = 1; } // Serve from the cache if it is younger than $cachetime if (file_exists($cachefile) && (time() - $cachetime < filemtime($cachefile))) { include($cachefile); echo ""; exit; } ob_start(); // start the output buffer ?>

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iptables rules to allow HTTP traffic to one domain only

- by Emily

Hi everyone, I need to configure my machine as to allow HTTP traffic to/from serverfault.com only. All other websites, services ports are not accessible. I came up with these iptables rules: #drop everything iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP #Now, allow connection to website serverfault.com on port 80 iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d serverfault.com --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #allow loopback iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT It doesn't work quite well: After I drop everything, and move on to rule 3: iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -d serverfault.com --dport 80 -j ACCEPT I get this error: iptables v1.4.4: host/network `serverfault.com' not found Try `iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Do you think it is related to DNS? Should I allow it as well? Or should I just put IP addresses in the rules? Do you think what I'm trying to do could be achieved with simpler rules? How? I would appreciate any help or hints on this. Thanks a lot!

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Enabling NAT forwarding using a second WAN interface and a second gateway on ubuntu

- by nixnotwin

I have 3 interfaces: eth0 192.168.0.50/24 eth1 10.0.0.200/24 eth2 225.228.123.211 The default gateway is 192.168.0.1 which I want to keep as it is in the changes I want to make. I want to masquerade eth1 10.0.0.200/24 and enable NAT forwarding to eth2. So I have done this: ip route add 225.228.123.208/29 dev eth2 src 225.228.123.211 table t1 ip route add default via 225.228.123.209 dev eth2 table t1 ip rule add from 225.228.123.211 table t1 ip rule add to 225.228.123.211 table t1 Now I can receive ping replies from any internet host if I did: ping -I eth2 8.8.8.8 To enable NAT forwarding I did this: sudo iptables -A FORWARD -o eth2 -i eth1 -s 10.0.0.0/24 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE But it isn't working. To test I used a client pc and put it on 10.0.0.0/24 network and gateway was set as 10.0.0.200. I want to have 192.168.0.1 as default gateway. And the traffic that comes in via eth1 10.0.0.200/24 should be forwarded to eth2 225.228.123.211. I have enabled forwarding on ubuntua also.

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What's the piece of hardware listening on Facebook's or Wikipedia's IP address?

- by Igor Ostrovsky

I am trying to understand how massive sites like Facebook or Wikipedia work, for my intellectual curiosity. I read about various techniques for building scalable sites, but I am still puzzled about one particular detail. The part that confuses me is that ultimately, the DNS will map the entire domain to a single IP address, or a handful of IP addresses in the case of round-robin DNS. For example, wikipedia.org has only one type-A DNS record. So, people from all over the world visiting Wikipedia have to send a request to the one IP address specified in DNS. What is the piece of hardware that listens on the IP address for a massive site, and how can it possibly handle all the load coming from the requests for users all over the world? Edit 1: Thanks for all the responses! Anycast seems like a feasible answer... Does anyone know of a way to check whether a particular IP address is anycast-routed, so that I could verify that this really is the trick used in practice by large sites? Edit 2: After more reading on the topic, it appears that anycast is not typically used for dynamic web content. Anycast is usually used for UDP (e.g., DNS lookups), or sometimes for static content. One interesting thing to note is that Facebook uses profile.ak.fbcdn.net to host static content like style sheets and javascript libraries. Each time I ping this name, I get a response from a different IP address. However, I can't tell whether this is anycast in action, or a completely different technique. Back to my original question: as far as I can tell, even a large site will have a single expensive piece of load-balancing hardware listening on its handful of public IP addresses.

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How to grant read/write to specific user in any existent or future subdirectory of a given directory? [migrated]

- by Samuel Rossille

I'm a complete newbie in system administration and I'm doing this as a hobby. I host my own git repository on a VPS. Let's say my user is john. I'm using the ssh protocol to access my git repository, so my url is something like ssh://[email protected]/path/to/git/myrepo/. Root is the owner of everything that's under /path/to/git I'm attempting to give read/write access to john to everything which is under /path/to/git/myrepo I've tried both chmod and setfacl to control access, but both fail the same way: they apply rights recursively (with the right options) to all the current existing subdirectories of /path/to/git/myrepo, but as soon as a new directory is created, my user can not write in the new directory. I know that there are hooks in git that would allow me to reapply the rights after each commit, but I'm starting to think that i'm going the wrong way because this seems too complicated for a very basic purpose. Q: How should I setup my right to give rw access to john to anything under /path/to/git/myrepo and make it resilient to tree structure change ? Q2: If I should take a step back change the general approach, please tell me.

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Are there any open source reseller packages?

- by Tom Wright

My department has just been given the right/responsibility to manage our own VPS. The idea being that the bureaucracy will be less for the many small web projects we run. Since each project will be managed by a different team, I was planning on approaching a shared hosting model. Are there any free pieces of software that would help automate the provision of resources each time a team request a new project? Most of the projects have identical requirements - basically LAMP - so it would be these resources that I would want provisioning (and de-provisioning, if that is a word) automatically. Ideally, there would also be a way to hook it into our LDAP authentication backend too, though I could probably make this sort of modification if necessary. Since we won't be charging our "client" however, we won't need the ability to generate invoices, handle payments, etc. etc. EDIT: Sample workflow Login authenticated against LDAP Username checked against admin group (not on central LDAP) Click 'new project' and enter project name User created on VPS with project name as username Apache virtual host created and subdomain (using project name) allocated FTP & MySQL users created

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pfsense, active directory, local domain

- by Dalton Conley

First things first, I have no idea what I'm doing. Certainly not afraid to admit that.. but here is my network setup. I have 2 servers, one of them in a domain controller. Both are running windows server 2008. They have replicated directories. Each server is at a different location and has its own firewall for the network at that location. Both firewalls are using pfsense. Recently a firewall went down and my coworker reinstalled pfsense, and everything seems setup correctly. Again, I have no idea what I'm doing so I'm not sure. I have records from when the previous IT person had setup this network and the firewall settings are the same but those records could have been extremely old. Now, I have a domain name for my network.. we'll call it "mydomain.net". I use to be able to access this domain name and it would bring up the servers replicated drives(i.e. \\mydomain.net). Now I cannot. I can however access the servers individual host names on my network(i.e. \\server1 , \\server2). We didn't change anything on the server which is what makes me think its something to do with the firewall. I know this is probably a very general question and I don't have a lot of detail to add but could anyone give me some insight on to what could be causing this, or some debugging techniques I can apply to this? I'm a programmer, not a network administrator.

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Ruby net:LDAP returns "code = 53 message = Unwilling to perform" error

- by Yong

Hi, I am getting this error "code = 53, message = Unwilling to perform" while I am traversing the eDirectory treebase = "ou=Users,o=MTC". My ruby script can read about 126 entries from eDirectory and then it stops and prints out this error. I do not have any clue of why this is happening. I am using the ruby net:LDAP library version 0.0.4. The following is an excerpt of the code. require 'rubygems' require 'net/ldap' ldap = Net::LDAP.new :host => "10.121.121.112", :port => 389, :auth => {:method => :simple, :username => "cn=abc,ou=Users,o=MTC", :password => "123" } filter = Net::LDAP::Filter.eq( "mail", "*mtc.ca.gov" ) treebase = "ou=Users,o=MTC" attrs = ["mail", "uid", "cn", "ou", "fullname"] i = 0 ldap.search( :base => treebase, :attributes => attrs, :filter => filter ) do |entry| puts "DN: #{entry.dn}" i += 1 entry.each do |attribute, values| puts " #{attribute}:" values.each do |value| puts " --->#{value}" end end end puts "Total #{i} entries found." p ldap.get_operation_result Here is the output and the error at the end. Thank you very much for your help. DN: cn=uvogle,ou=Users,o=MTC mail: --->[email protected] fullname: --->Ursula Vogler ou: --->Legislation and Public Affairs dn: --->cn=uvogle,ou=Users,o=MTC cn: --->uvogle Total 126 entries found. OpenStruct code=53, message="Unwilling to perform"

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VMWare Raw Device Mapping Not Working

- by George H. Lenzer

While I'm waiting for VMWare support to get back to me, I thought I'd ask here. I have a 400 gig LUN presented from a fiber channel SAN to my VMWare host. It's legacy from another virtualization platform and I need to keep it as is to avoid a long period of downtime. I formatted my VMFS3 datastore with 4 meg blocks to allow up to 1 TB disks. Then I tried adding my 400 gig disk as a raw device in physical compatibility mode. I get the error: "File is larger than the maximum size supported by datastore 'Base Test'. [Base Test]VMTEST01/VMTEST01_2.vmdk Originally I had the VMFS datastore formatted with 1 meg blocks which was the cause of this problem since the largest disk allowed would be 256 gigs. But I deleted the data store and then reformatted with 4 megs blocks. I've also tried using virtual compatibility mode for the raw device but it still fails. Does anyone have any suggestions? I've been waiting for a little over a week for VMWare, but that's fine because I'm not yet a paying customer. I'm still in the eval phase.

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