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  • i386 assembly question: why do I need to meddle with the stack pointer?

    - by zneak
    Hello everyone, I decided it would be fun to learn x86 assembly during the summer break. So I started with a very simple hello world program, borrowing on free examples gcc -S could give me. I ended up with this: HELLO: .ascii "Hello, world!\12\0" .text .globl _main _main: pushl %ebp # 1. puts the base stack address on the stack movl %esp, %ebp # 2. puts the base stack address in the stack address register subl $20, %esp # 3. ??? pushl $HELLO # 4. push HELLO's address on the stack call _puts # 5. call puts xorl %eax, %eax # 6. zero %eax, probably not necessary since we didn't do anything with it leave # 7. clean up ret # 8. return # PROFIT! It compiles and even works! And I think I understand most of it. Though, magic happens at step 3. Would I remove this line, my program would die between the call to puts and the xor from a misaligned stack error. And would I change $20 to another value, it'd crash too. So I came to the conclusion that this value is very important. Problem is, I don't know what it does and why it's needed. Can anyone explain me? (I'm on Mac OS, would it ever matter.)

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  • How to split xml to header and items using smooks?

    - by palto
    I have a xml file roughly like this: <batch> <header> <headerStuff /> </header> <contents> <timestamp /> <invoices> <invoice> <invoiceStuff /> </invoice> <!-- Insert 1000 invoice elements here --> </invoices> </contents> </batch> I would like to split that file to 1000 files with the same headerStuff and only one invoice. Smooks documentation is very proud of the possibilities of transformations, but unfortunately I don't want to do those. The only way I've figured how to do this is to repeat the whole structure in freemarker. But that feels like repeating the structure unnecessarily. The header has like 30 different tags so there would be lots of work involved also. What I currently have is this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <smooks-resource-list xmlns="http://www.milyn.org/xsd/smooks-1.1.xsd" xmlns:calc="http://www.milyn.org/xsd/smooks/calc-1.1.xsd" xmlns:frag="http://www.milyn.org/xsd/smooks/fragment-routing-1.2.xsd" xmlns:file="http://www.milyn.org/xsd/smooks/file-routing-1.1.xsd"> <params> <param name="stream.filter.type">SAX</param> </params> <frag:serialize fragment="INVOICE" bindTo="invoiceBean" /> <calc:counter countOnElement="INVOICE" beanId="split_calc" start="1" /> <file:outputStream openOnElement="INVOICE" resourceName="invoiceSplitStream"> <file:fileNamePattern>invoice-${split_calc}.xml</file:fileNamePattern> <file:destinationDirectoryPattern>target/invoices</file:destinationDirectoryPattern> <file:highWaterMark mark="10"/> </file:outputStream> <resource-config selector="INVOICE"> <resource>org.milyn.routing.io.OutputStreamRouter</resource> <param name="beanId">invoiceBean</param> <param name="resourceName">invoiceSplitStream</param> <param name="visitAfter">true</param> </resource-config> </smooks-resource-list> That creates files for each invoice tag, but I don't know how to continue from there to get the header also in the file. EDIT: The solution has to use Smooks. We use it in an application as a generic splitter and just create different smooks configuration files for different types of input files.

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  • Visual C++ 2008 runtime error-- debug vs release exe problem?

    - by larryq
    Hi everyone, I have a Windows executable (native, not .Net) project that I'm trying to pass along to a new team member. It's a graphics modeling tool that uses the Qt widget library and OpenGL. The project runs fine on my box but when we buld and link it on this new member's machine and he tries deubugging it, here's what he sees (not all entries included, for brevity): ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\ModelingTool\ModelingTool\ModelingTool\Debug\ModelingTool.exe', Symbols loaded. 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\ntdll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\kernel32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\opengl32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\msvcrt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\System32\dwmapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Qt\4.2.2\bin\Qt3Supportd4.dll', Symbols loaded. 'ModelingTool.exe': Loaded 'C:\Program Files\Spyware Doctor\smum32.dll', Binary was not built with debug information. Debugger:: An unhandled non-continuable exception was thrown during process load The program '[5936] ModelingTool.exe: Native' has exited with code -1072365566 (0xc0150002). Would anyone care to guess what's wrong here? Some sort of debug-release mismatch perhaps?

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  • How to create a dynamic width column in Twitter Bootstrap

    - by Elad
    How do you use Twitter Bootstrap to create a table-like list structure, where some columns take as much space as required to accommodate the widest element of that column, and a single column takes the remaining space? For example Id |Name |Email address 100001|Joe |[email protected] 100 |Christine|[email protected] 1001 |John |[email protected] the Id column takes just enough space to accommodate the 100001 id which is the longest id, and the Name column takes just enough space to accommodate the name Christine. The Email column takes the remaining space.

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  • how do I make a portable isnan/isinf function.

    - by monkeyking
    I've been using isinf,isnan functions on linux platforms which worked perfectly. But this didn't work on osx, so I decided to use std::isinf std::isnan which works on both linux and osx. But the intel compiler doesn't recognize it, and I guess its a bug in the intel compiler according to http://software.intel.com/en-us/forums/showthread.php?t=64188 So now I just want to avoid the hassle and define my own isinf,isnan implementation. Does anyone know how this could be done Thanks edit: I ended up doing this in my sourcecode for making isinf/isnan working #include <iostream> #include <cmath> #ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER #include <mathimf.h> #endif int isnan_local(double x) { #ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER return isnan(x); #else return std::isnan(x); #endif } int isinf_local(double x) { #ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER return isinf(x); #else return std::isinf(x); #endif } int myChk(double a){ std::cerr<<"val is: "<<a <<"\t"; if(isnan_local(a)) std::cerr<<"program says isnan"; if(isinf_local(a)) std::cerr<<"program says isinf"; std::cerr<<"\n"; return 0; } int main(){ double a = 0; myChk(a); myChk(log(a)); myChk(-log(a)); myChk(0/log(a)); myChk(log(a)/log(a)); return 0; }

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  • How do I create a good evaluation function for a new board game?

    - by A. Rex
    I write programs to play board game variants sometimes. The basic strategy is standard alpha-beta pruning or similar searches, sometimes augmented by the usual approaches to endgames or openings. I've mostly played around with chess variants, so when it comes time to pick my evaluation function, I use a basic chess evaluation function. However, now I am writing a program to play a completely new board game. How do I choose a good or even decent evaluation function? The main challenges are that the same pieces are always on the board, so a usual material function won't change based on position, and the game has been played less than a thousand times or so, so humans don't necessarily play it enough well yet to give insight. (PS. I considered a MoGo approach, but random games aren't likely to terminate.) Any ideas? Game details: The game is played on a 10-by-10 board with a fixed six pieces per side. The pieces have certain movement rules, and interact in certain ways, but no piece is ever captured. The goal of the game is to have enough of your pieces in certain special squares on the board. The goal of the computer program is to provide a player which is competitive with or better than current human players.

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  • How do you read a file line by line in your language of choice?

    - by Jon Ericson
    I got inspired to try out Haskell again based on a recent answer. My big block is that reading a file line by line (a task made simple in languages such as Perl) seems complicated in a functional language. How do you read a file line by line in your favorite language? So that we are comparing apples to other types of apples, please write a program that numbers the lines of the input file. So if your input is: Line the first. Next line. End of communication. The output would look like: 1 Line the first. 2 Next line. 3 End of communication. I will post my Haskell program as an example. Ken commented that this question does not specify how errors should be handled. I'm not overly concerned about it because: Most answers did the obvious thing and read from stdin and wrote to stdout. The nice thing is that it puts the onus on the user to redirect those streams the way they want. So if stdin is redirected from a non-existent file, the shell will take care of reporting the error, for instance. The question is more aimed at how a language does IO than how it handles exceptions. But if necessary error handling is missing in an answer, feel free to either edit the code to fix it or make a note in the comments.

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  • How to convert struct to char array in C

    - by falcojr
    I'm trying to convert a struct to a char array to send over the network. However, I get some weird output from the char array when I do. #include <stdio.h> struct x { int x; } __attribute__((packed)); int main() { struct x a; a.x=127; char *b = (char *)&a; int i; for (i=0; i<4; i++) printf("%02x ", b[i]); printf("\n"); for (i=0; i<4; i++) printf("%d ", b[i]); printf("\n"); return 0; } Here is the output for various values of a.x (on an X86 using gcc): 127: 7f 00 00 00 127 0 0 0 128: ffffff80 00 00 00 -128 0 0 0 255: ffffffff 00 00 00 -1 0 0 0 256: 00 01 00 00 0 1 0 0 I understand the values for 127 and 256, but why do the numbers change when going to 128? Why wouldn't it just be: 80 00 00 00 128 0 0 0 Am I forgetting to do something in the conversion process or am I forgetting something about integer representation? *Note: This is just a small test program. In a real program I have more in the struct, better variable names, and I convert to little-endian. *Edit: formatting

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  • LINQ to XML contents of child records.

    - by Fossaw
    I have this LINQ to XML enquiry... var Records = from Item in XDoc.Root.Elements("Item") where (string)Item.Element("ItemNumber") == item.ID.ToString select Item; ... where ItemNumber is a reference number used in the XML, (originally written by this program but manually edited by "others"), and item.ID is the database version of the same thing. The query executes, and I can test for the number of entries in the result fine... if (Records.Count() < 1) ... you get the idea. I have established that there is only one record. Each Item has several child fields. I want to test the values of the child fields are reasonable before passing them on to the database update sub-system. The XML is produced by the program, but edited by users, so I need to really check what is coming back. So I tried... if (DB_English.ToString() != Records.Elements("English").ToString()) ... DB_English is from the database, but the XML in Records, does not contain the contents of that field, it contains... System.Xml.Linq.Extensions+<GetElements>d__29`1[System.Xml.Linq.XElement] ... so, how do I get the value of this element in the XML file? I need to check the field in the XML has not been altered, (the manual editors of this data file are not potentially 100% reliable).

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  • How to use an UpdatePanel inside a Reapeater ItemTemplate with a HTML Table

    - by vanslly
    I want to allow the user to edit by data by row, so only need content updated by row. I managed to achieve this by using a Repeater with a UpdatePanel in the ItemTemplate. Using a div <asp:ScriptManager ID="ctlScriptManager" runat="server" /> <asp:Repeater ID="ctlMyRepeater" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <div> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="ctlUpdatePanel" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' /> <asp:LinkButton ID="btnRename" runat="server" CommandArgument='<%# Eval("ID") %>' CommandName="Rename">Rename...</asp:LinkButton> </ContentTemplate> <Triggers> <asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="btnRename" EventName="Click" /> </Triggers> </asp:UpdatePanel> </div> </ItemTemplate> </asp:Repeater> But, I want to use a table to ensure structure and spacing and CSS styling wasn't doing it for me, but when I use a table everything goes whacky. Using a Table <asp:ScriptManager ID="ctlScriptManager" runat="server" /> <table> <asp:Repeater ID="ctlMyRepeater" runat="server"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="ctlUpdatePanel" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <tr> <td> <asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' /> </td> <td> <asp:LinkButton ID="btnRename" runat="server" CommandArgument='<%# Eval("ID") %>' CommandName="Rename">Rename...</asp:LinkButton> </td> </tr> </ContentTemplate> <Triggers> <asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="btnRename" EventName="Click" /> </Triggers> </asp:UpdatePanel> </ItemTemplate> </asp:Repeater> </table> What's the best way to solve this problem? I prefer using a table, because I really want to enfore structure without reliance on CSS. Thanks in advance.

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  • How to parse a custom XML-style error code response from a website

    - by user1870127
    I'm developing a program that queries and prints out open data from the local transit authority, which is returned in the form of an XML response. Normally, when there are buses scheduled to run in the next few hours (and in other typical situations), the XML response generated by the page is handled correctly by the java.net.URLConnection.getInputStream() function, and I am able to print the individual results afterwards. The problem is when the buses are NOT running, or when some other problem with my queries develops after it is sent to the transit authority's web server. When the authority developed their service, they came up with their own unique error response codes, which are also sent as XMLs. For example, one of these error messages might look like this: <Error xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <Code>3005</Code> <Message>Sorry, no stop estimates found for given values.</Message> </Error> (This code and similar is all that I receive from the transit authority in such situations.) However, it appears that URLConnection.getInputStream() and some of its siblings are unable to interpret this custom code as a "valid" response that I can handle and print out as an error message. Instead, they give me a more generic HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found error. This problem cascades into my program which then prints out a java.io.FileNotFoundException error pointing to the offending input stream. My question is therefore two-fold: 1. Is there a way to retrieve, parse, and print a custom XML-formatted error code sent by a web service using the plugins that are available in Java? 2. If the above is not possible, what other tools should I use or develop to handle such custom codes as described?

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  • RFC: Whitespace's Assembly Mnemonics

    - by Noctis Skytower
    Request For Comment regarding Whitespace's Assembly Mnemonics What follows in a first generation attempt at creating mnemonics for a whitespace assembly language. STACK ===== push number copy copy number swap away away number MATH ==== add sub mul div mod HEAP ==== set get FLOW ==== part label call label goto label zero label less label back exit I/O === ochr oint ichr iint In the interest of making improvements to this small and simple instruction set, this is a second attempt. hold N Push the number onto the stack copy Duplicate the top item on the stack copy N Copy the nth item on the stack (given by the argument) onto the top of the stack swap Swap the top two items on the stack drop Discard the top item on the stack drop N Slide n items off the stack, keeping the top item add Addition sub Subtraction mul Multiplication div Integer Division mod Modulo save Store load Retrieve L: Mark a location in the program call L Call a subroutine goto L Jump unconditionally to a label if=0 L Jump to a label if the top of the stack is zero if<0 L Jump to a label if the top of the stack is negative return End a subroutine and transfer control back to the caller exit End the program print chr Output the character at the top of the stack print int Output the number at the top of the stack input chr Read a character and place it in the location given by the top of the stack input int Read a number and place it in the location given by the top of the stack What is the general consensus on the following revised list for Whitespace's assembly instructions? They definitely come from thinking outside of the box and trying to come up with a better mnemonic set than last time. When the previous python interpreter was written, it was completed over two contiguous, rushed evenings. This rewrite deserves significantly more time now that it is the summer. Of course, the next version of Whitespace (0.4) may have its instructions revised even more, but this is just a redesign of what originally was done in a few hours. Hopefully, the instructions make more sense to those new to programming jargon.

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  • LINQ group by and getting latest value

    - by gregmac
    Say I have a structure like: class SomeObject Public Name as String Public Created as Date ... end class I have a List(of SomeObject), which has multiple entries for each name with different times. I'd like to select the newest (largest Created value) object for each Name. Given: Name Created A 2010-04-16 * A 2010-04-15 B 2010-04-12 B 2010-04-13 * C 2010-04-16 * I'd like to pick the objects with the * beside them. Is this possible using LINQ?

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  • Writing .htaccess mod rewrite for hierarchical categories

    - by NetCaster
    i need to rewrite urls for my classified ads directory i have 4 types of links /City == display all ads in city /City/Cat1 == display all ads in city + category /City/Cat1/Cat2 == display add ads in city + category 1 + category 2 /City/Cat1/Cat2/Ad-id == display the ad itself and pass cat1 cat2 and city variables original hidden url should be index.php?city=alexandria&cat1=cars&cat2=bikes&adid=EWSw22d Can you please help me writing .htaccess for this structure

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  • Directly call distutils' or setuptools' setup() function with command name/options, without parsing

    - by Ryan B. Lynch
    I'd like to call Python's distutils' or setuptools' setup() function in a slightly unconventional way, but I'm not sure whether distutils is meant for this kind of usage. As an example, let's say I currently have a 'setup.py' file, which looks like this (lifted verbatim from the distutils docs--the setuptools usage is almost identical): from distutils.core import setup setup(name='Distutils', version='1.0', description='Python Distribution Utilities', author='Greg Ward', author_email='[email protected]', url='http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/', packages=['distutils', 'distutils.command'], ) Normally, to build just the .spec file for an RPM of this module, I could run python setup.py bdist_rpm --spec-only, which parses the command line and calls the 'bdist_rpm' code to handle the RPM-specific stuff. The .spec file ends up in './dist'. How can I change my setup() invocation so that it runs the 'bdist_rpm' command with the '--spec-only' option, WITHOUT parsing command-line parameters? Can I pass the command name and options as parameters to setup()? Or can I manually construct a command line, and pass that as a parameter, instead? NOTE: I already know that I could call the script in a separate process, with an actual command line, using os.system() or the subprocess module or something similar. I'm trying to avoid using any kind of external command invocations. I'm looking specifically for a solution that runs setup() in the current interpreter. For background, I'm converting some release-management shell scripts into a single Python program. One of the tasks is running 'setup.py' to generate a .spec file for further pre-release testing. Running 'setup.py' as an external command, with its own command line options, seems like an awkward method, and it complicates the rest of the program. I feel like there may be a more Pythonic way.

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  • How to get smartcard reader name in Windows 7 using C# or C/C++?

    - by AndrejaKo
    Hi! I'm trying to make a C# program which will use a C .dll (unfortunately, the .dll doesn't have good documentation) to access a smart card. One of the functions of the .dll uses name of the reader as argument. My problem is that I don't know how to get the name. After looking for answers I found something similar to what I need in an example here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379803%28VS.85%29.aspx I'm looking for a way to get szReader value as described in the aforementioned example using C#. Can anyone help me or at least point me in the right direction? EDIT: Looks like nobody knows the answer so I'll expand the question: How do I get smartcard reader name using C/C++ and Windows API? I've read through MSDN site for smartcard API, but I couldn't find the function which will list readers. My idea is now to make a C/C++ .dll which will get in-between the smartcard .dll and C# program. It will produce list of readers, let user chose one and call the smartcard .dll using chosen name as argument.

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  • Why linking doesn't work in my Xtext-based DSL?

    - by reprogrammer
    The following is the Xtext grammar for my DSL. Model: variableTypes=VariableTypes predicateTypes=PredicateTypes variableDeclarations= VariableDeclarations rules=Rules; VariableType: name=ID; VariableTypes: 'var types' (variableTypes+=VariableType)+; PredicateTypes: 'predicate types' (predicateTypes+=PredicateType)+; PredicateType: name=ID '(' (variableTypes+=[VariableType|ID])+ ')'; VariableDeclarations: 'vars' (variableDeclarations+=VariableDeclaration)+; VariableDeclaration: name=ID ':' type=[VariableType|ID]; Rules: 'rules' (rules+=Rule)+; Rule: head=Head ':-' body=Body; Head: predicate=Predicate; Body: (predicates+=Predicate)+; Predicate: predicateType=[PredicateType|ID] '(' (terms+=Term)+ ')'; Term: variable=Variable; Variable: variableDeclaration=[VariableDeclaration|ID]; terminal WS: (' ' | '\t' | '\r' | '\n' | ',')+; And, the following is a program in the above DSL. var types Node predicate types Edge(Node, Node) Path(Node, Node) vars x : Node y : Node z : Node rules Path(x, y) :- Edge(x, y) Path(x, y) :- Path(x, z) Path(z, y) When I used the generated Switch class to traverse the EMF object model corresponding to the above program, I realized that the nodes are not linked together properly. For example, the getPredicateType() method on a Predicate node returns null. Having read the Xtext user's guide, my impression is that the Xtext default linking semantics should work for my DSL. But, for some reason, the AST nodes of my DSL don't get linked together properly. Can anyone help me in diagnosing this problem?

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  • How to use Festival Text To Speech C/C++ API

    - by Peeyush
    I want to use Festival TTS with my C++ programme. So i have downloaded all files form http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/downloads/festival/2.0.95/ then i start reading manual(http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/manual/festival_28.html) for C++ API but in manual they says that: In order to use Festival you must include festival/src/include/festival.h' which in turn will include the necessary other include files infestival/src/include' and speech_tools/include' you should ensure these are included in the include path for you your program. Also you will need to link your program withfestival/src/lib/libFestival.a', speech_tools/lib/libestools.a',speech_tools/lib/libestbase.a' and `speech_tools/lib/libeststring.a' as well as any other optional libraries such as net audio. " I am using UBUNTU 10.04(festival package is by default installed and i can use it form terminal by festival command) and GCC 4.4.3 but the problem is that i am new to GCC and i am not understanding which files i have to include in order to run my C++ code and i also don't know how to link libraries with my c++ code. So please tell me exactly which files i have to include and how to link with libraries if anyone already use festival tts with c++ then please post your code Thanks

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  • extern and global in c

    - by JPro
    Can anyone please tell me is there any special requirement to use either EXTERN or GLOBAL variables in a C program? I do not see any difference in a program like below, if I change from gloabl to extern. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int myGlobalvar = 10; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int myFunc(int); int i; i = 12; myGlobalvar = 100; printf("Value of myGlobalvar is %d , i = %d\n", myGlobalvar, i); i = myFunc(10); printf("Value of passed value : %d\n",i); printf("again Value of myGlobalvar is %d , i = %d\n", myGlobalvar, i); system("PAUSE"); return 0; } int myFunc(int i) { i = 20 + 1000; //extern int myGlobalvar; myGlobalvar = 20000; // printf("Value of passed value : %d",i); return i; } If uncomment extern int myGlobalvar, the value does not change. Is there any correct difference between both? Can anyone please correct me?

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