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• init never reaping zombie/defunct processes

  - by st9

  Hi, On my Fedora Core 9 webserver with kernel 2.6.18.8, init isn't reaping zombie processes. This would be bearable if it wasn't for the process table eventually reaching an upper limit where no new processes can be allocated. Sample output of ps -el | grep 'Z': F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 5 Z 0 2648 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 1 Z 51 2656 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 1 Z 0 2670 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:02 crond <defunct> 4 Z 0 2874 1 0 82 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 mysqld_safe <defunct> 5 Z 0 28104 1 0 76 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 httpd <defunct> 5 Z 0 28716 1 0 76 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:06 lfd <defunct> 5 Z 74 10172 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sshd <defunct> 5 Z 0 11199 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11202 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11205 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11208 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11211 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11240 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11246 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11249 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 5 Z 0 11252 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> 1 Z 0 14106 1 0 80 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 anacron <defunct> 5 Z 0 14631 1 0 75 0 - 0 exit ? 00:00:00 sendmail <defunct> Is this an OS bug? misconfiguration? I'm looking for inspiration as to the source of this problem. Thanks

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• No login prompt displayed after updating Ubuntu 10.04, broken gdm

  - by cliff

  So here's what happens: I updated my system the other day, was prompted for a reboot for the update to complete but was in the middle of working so I delayed it until after I was done. I reboot and it's broken :(. It appears to boot normally, with the following exceptions: The purple Ubuntu load screen no longer displays (though it did for the first couple of times I tried to get in). I hear the login prompt sound, but no login prompt appears. Nor is it simply "invisible" - pressing enter, typing my password, and pressing enter again do nothing. Normally my Bluetooth mouse is functional at this point, but it is not. GRUB displays recovery options for my current kernel, and for an older one (2.6.32-24). Trying to boot into .32-24 gives me an error saying "udevadm can't do something while udev is not configured". So I try solutions listed here: http://superuser.com/questions/195786/ubuntu-update-went-wrong-pc-doesnt-boot-how-can-i-repair-it Nothing I tried seemed to work, and after further Googling my hunch is that it's a problem with gdm. Please correct me if I'm wrong, I don't know all that much about how Linux/Ubuntu systems work just yet. Things I'm able to do: Boot to a live CD Ctrl-Alt-F2 after that login sound plays brings me to a console login, which I can successfully do (it's how I tried the solutions above). This works only under the current kernel. A hack I'd be willing to explore is removing the login prompt from the console, but I'd prefer to "simply" fix what's wrong. Like that guy, I need to repair the system rather than reinstall. System: Dell Inspiron 1525 Core 2 Duo Proprietary Driver for Broadcom 43xx wireless Dual-boot with Windows 7 (which is how I'm posting this, unfortunately I only have this machine and any experimenting requires constant reboots into Windows/brokenbuntu) Last package installed was Moonlight, but it appeared to install properly. Kernel: 2.6.32-25 Edit: After working with Karl's suggestions, it seems that the problem is with gdm. Error exit status 245 when attempting to sudo apt-get install --reinstall gdm, also an error processing gdm when running sudo apt-get -f install. How do I reinstall or repair gdm so that I can get back into my machine?

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• Ubuntu Server 12.04 CPU Load

  - by zertux

  I have a Server (2x Hexa-Core Xeon E5649 2.53GHz w/HT with 32GB RAM and 20000 GB Bandwidth) running Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS. The server runs LAMP and serves one website only, the estimated number of users is to be ~ 15,000 at the same time. At the moment i have around 2000 users online each of them runs 50 MySQL queries (small values mostly select and insert) from the beginning until the end of the session. Server CPU Load is high at this number of connections while the RAM usage is almost 1GB out of 32GB its worth mentioning that the server was running very fast with no problems at all but am concerned about the load average. http://s12.postimage.org/z7hi6mz3h/photo.png top - 03:02:43 up 9 min, 2 users, load average: 50.83, 30.14, 12.83 Tasks: 432 total, 1 running, 430 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.5%id, 33.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32939992k total, 3111604k used, 29828388k free, 84108k buffers Swap: 2048280k total, 0k used, 2048280k free, 1621640k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2860 root 20 0 25820 2288 1420 S 3 0.0 0:11.18 htop 1182 root 20 0 0 0 0 D 2 0.0 0:01.46 kjournald 1935 mysql 20 0 12.3g 161m 7924 S 1 0.5 102:31.45 mysqld 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.38 kworker/0:1 1822 www-data 20 0 247m 25m 4188 D 0 0.1 0:01.81 apache2 2920 www-data 20 0 0 0 0 Z 0 0.0 0:01.20 apache2 <defunct> 2942 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3056 D 0 0.1 0:00.20 apache2 3516 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3028 D 0 0.1 0:00.06 apache2 3521 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3020 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 3664 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3132 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 3674 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3252 D 0 0.1 0:00.06 apache2 3713 www-data 20 0 247m 23m 3040 D 0 0.1 0:00.09 apache2 1 root 20 0 24328 2284 1344 S 0 0.0 0:03.09 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0 root@server:~/codes# vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 19 0 0 29684012 86112 1689844 0 0 19 590 254 231 48 0 47 5 23 0 0 29704812 86128 1697672 0 0 4 320 11100 8121 77 1 22 0 33 0 0 29671044 86156 1705308 0 0 0 5440 13190 9140 95 1 4 0 33 3 0 29670088 86160 1706288 0 0 0 32932 12275 7297 99 0 1 0 35 0 0 29693456 86188 1710724 0 0 4 676 12701 7867 98 1 1 0 ^C I have not changed any of the default configurations that comes with Ubuntu. Is this load normal for such powerful server ? is there any optimization i can make to Apache/MySQL to minimize the load ? What do you recommend ?

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• SmartOS reboots spontaneously

  - by Alex

  I run a SmartOS system on a Hetzner EX4S (Intel Core i7-2600, 32G RAM, 2x3Tb SATA HDD). There are six virtual machines on the host: [root@10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 ~]# vmadm list UUID TYPE RAM STATE ALIAS d2223467-bbe5-4b81-a9d1-439e9a66d43f KVM 512 running xxxx1 5f36358f-68fa-4351-b66f-830484b9a6ee KVM 1024 running xxxx2 d570e9ac-9eac-4e4f-8fda-2b1d721c8358 OS 1024 running xxxx3 ef88979e-fb7f-460c-bf56-905755e0a399 KVM 1024 running xxxx4 d8e06def-c9c9-4d17-b975-47dd4836f962 KVM 4096 running xxxx5 4b06fe88-db6e-4cf3-aadd-e1006ada7188 KVM 9216 running xxxx5 [root@10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 ~]# The host reboots several times a week with no crash dump in /var/crash and no messages in the /var/adm/messages log. Basically /var/adm/messages looks like there was a hard reset: 2012-11-23T08:54:43.210625+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T09:14:43.187589+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T09:34:43.165100+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T09:54:43.142065+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T10:14:43.119365+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T10:34:43.096351+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T10:54:43.073821+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 rsyslogd: -- MARK -- 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610954+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 genunix: [ID 540533 kern.notice] #015SunOS Release 5.11 Version joyent_20121018T224723Z 64-bit 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610962+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 genunix: [ID 299592 kern.notice] Copyright (c) 2010-2012, Joyent Inc. All rights reserved. 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610967+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: lgpg 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610971+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: tsc 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610974+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: msr 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610978+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: mtrr 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610981+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: pge 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610984+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: de 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610987+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: cmov 2012-11-23T10:57:55.610995+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: mmx 2012-11-23T10:57:55.611000+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: mca 2012-11-23T10:57:55.611004+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: pae 2012-11-23T10:57:55.611008+00:00 10-bf-48-7f-e7-03 unix: [ID 223955 kern.info] x86_feature: cv8 The problem is that sometimes the host loses the network interface on reboot so we need to perform a manual hardware reset to bring it back. We do not have physical or virtual access to the server console - no KVM, no iLO or anything like this. So, the only way to debug is to analyze crash dumps/log files. I am not a SmartOS/Solaris expert so I am not sure how to proceed. Is there any equivalent of Linux netconsole for SmartOS? Can I just redirect the console output to the network port somehow? Maybe I am missing something obvious and crash information is located somewhere else.

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• How to get more information from the system crash

  - by viraptor

  I'd like to debug an issue I'm having with a linux (debian stable) server, but I'm running out of ideas of how to confirm any diagnosis. Some background: The servers are running DL160 class with hardware raid between two disks. They're running a lot of services, mostly utilising network interface and CPU. There are 8 cpus and 7 "main" most cpu-hungry processes are bound to one core each via cpu affinity. Other random background scripts are not forced anywhere. The filesystem is writing ~1.5k blocks/s the whole time (goes up above 2k/s in peak times). Normal CPU usage for those servers is ~60% on 7 cores and some minimal usage on the last (whatever's running on shells usually). What actually happens is that the "main" services start using 100% CPU at some point, mainly stuck in kernel time. After a couple of seconds, LA goes over 400 and we lose any way to connect to the box (KVM is on it's way, but not there yet). Sometimes we see a kernel reporting hung task (but not always): [118951.272884] INFO: task zsh:15911 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [118951.272955] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [118951.273037] zsh D 0000000000000000 0 15911 1 [118951.273093] ffff8101898c3c48 0000000000000046 0000000000000000 ffffffffa0155e0a [118951.273183] ffff8101a753a080 ffff81021f1c5570 ffff8101a753a308 000000051f0fd740 [118951.273274] 0000000000000246 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffbd 0000000000000001 [118951.273335] Call Trace: [118951.273424] [<ffffffffa0155e0a>] :ext3:__ext3_journal_dirty_metadata+0x1e/0x46 [118951.273510] [<ffffffff804294f6>] schedule_timeout+0x1e/0xad [118951.273563] [<ffffffff8027577c>] __pagevec_free+0x21/0x2e [118951.273613] [<ffffffff80428b0b>] wait_for_common+0xcf/0x13a [118951.273692] [<ffffffff8022c168>] default_wake_function+0x0/0xe .... This would point at raid / disk failure, however sometimes the tasks are hung on kernel's gettsc which would indicate some general weird hardware behaviour. It's also running mysql (almost read-only, 99% cache hit), which seems to spawn a lot more threads during the system problems. During the day it does ~200kq/s (selects) and ~10q/s (writes). The host is never running out of memory or swapping, no oom reports are spotted. We've got many boxes with similar/same hardware and they all seem to behave that way, but I'm not sure which part fails, so it's probably not a good idea to just grab something more powerful and hope the problem goes away. Applications themselves don't really report anything wrong when they're running. I can run anything safely on the same hardware in an isolated environment. What can I do to narrow down the problem? Where else should I look for explanation?

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• Why would VMWare to go defunct? How to recover from/prevent it?

  - by Josh

  I am running VMWare Server 2.0.2 (Build 203138) on a dual core Intel i5 with Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS system (kernel 2.6.32-22-server #33-Ubuntu SMP). Disk Subsystem is a software RAID5 array. The system has been set up for a little over a week. For the past 5 days I have been running at leat 3 VMs (Linux and a variety of Windows OSes) with no issues whatsoever. But while I was installing Linux onto a new VM, suddenly all VMs became unresponsive, including the one I was installing to. I could not log in to the VMWare Management Interface, and the system was somewhat unresponsive via SSH. When I looked at top, I saw: top - 16:14:51 up 6 days, 1:49, 8 users, load average: 24.29, 24.33 17.54 Tasks: 203 total, 7 running, 195 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 25.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 74.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8056656k total, 5927580k used, 2129076k free, 20320k buffers Swap: 7811064k total, 240216k used, 7570848k free, 5045884k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 21549 root 39 19 0 0 0 Z 100 0.0 15:02.44 [vmware-vmx] <defunct> 2115 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 170:32.08 [vmware-rtc] 2231 root 21 1 1494m 126m 100m S 1 1.6 892:58.05 /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -# product=2; 2280 jnet 20 0 19320 1164 800 R 0 0.0 30:04.55 top 12236 root 20 0 833m 41m 34m S 0 0.5 88:34.24 /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -# product=2; 1 root 20 0 23704 1476 920 S 0 0.0 0:00.80 /sbin/init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 [kthreadd] 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 [migration/0] 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.84 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 [watchdog/0] 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 [migration/1] The VMWare process for the virtual machine I was installing into became a zombie. Yet, it was still consuming 100% of the CPU time on one of the cores, and I couldn't reach it or any other virtual machines. (I was logged in to one virtual machine over SSH, another via X11, and a third via VNC. All three connections died). When I ran ps -ef and similar commands, I found that the defunct vmware-vmx process had it's parent PID set to init (1). I also used lsof -p 21549 and found that the defunct process had no open files. Yet it was using 100% of CPU time... I was unable to kill any vmware-vmx processes, including the defunct one, even with kill -9. As a last resort to resolve the situation I tried to reboot the box, however shutdown, halt, reboot, and init 6 all failed to reboot/shutdown, even when given appropriate --force settings. ControlAltDel produced a message about rebooting on the console, but the system would not reboot. I had to hard power-cycle the box to resolve the situation. (See my other question, Should I worry about the integrity of my linux software RAID5 after a crash or kernel panic?) What would cause a scenario like this? What else could I have done to resolve it besides a hard reboot? What can I do to prevent such a situation in the future?

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• Hanging page loads every n loads - SOLVED

  - by Christian

  Hi Guys I recently moved my site to a new server (Apache 2, PHP5, MySQL5). The site is an Invision based forum. Every few posts / topics it just hangs. The data has been written because if you stop and reload, the post / thread is there. I thought it was a write issue initially, but nope. So, the data is written but the page load never completes. It doesn't leave the page where the data has been input. Whats the best way to trouble shoot this issue? The only thing I have done recently is reduce my MySQL timeouts, but I can't see that being an issue as the values are still big enough and there are no mentions of timeouts in the MySQL log. (For the record there is nothing in PHP's error log either) Thanks in advance! EDIT: I checked my server-status. It all looked ok, but I have a suspicion I was hitting my ServerLimit, so I doubled that. Also enabled my Keepalives. Will keep an eye on it. EDIT 2: Its now been a few days and this is still occuring. I have more info though; Apache is throwing seg faults, but enabling core dumps does not produce them. I have tried disabling the modules in apache but it just stops things from working. I fear it may actually be DNS related. If I watch Live Headers in Firefox, absolutely nothing happens during this 'hanging' period. After that, the responses come back fairly promptly. UPDATE (05/04): I built the latest versions of Apache and PHP from source, no luck. I then removed those and used the remi repo to update all my packages to the latest stable. Segfaults seem to have stopped, but the hanging is continuing. ini's are at; www.skylinesaustralia.com/php.ini www.skylinesaustralia.com/my.cnf www.skylinesaustralia.com/httpd.conf UPDATE - SOLVED! - The issue was having a gigantic query cache size in MySQL. It was 2GB, changing it to 64M sorted it. Thanks for all the help everybody, much appreciated!!

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• New monitor connected to HDMI adaptor doesn't show output after booting

  - by Paul

  Hello out there in the multiple monitors’ world. I am a very old newbie in your world and need help. I just purchased a new Asus VH236H monitor and hooked it up the HDMI port of an ATI Radeon HD4300 / 4500 Series display adaptor. I left the old Princeton LCD19 (TMDS) hooked up to the DVI port of the same display adaptor. Both monitors displayed the boot sequence, after I fired good old Sarastro2 (Asus P5Q Pro Turbo – Dual Core E5300 – 2.60 GHz) up. The Asus lacked one half of a second behind the Princeton until the Windows 7 Ultimate SP 1 boot up was complete. Then the Asus displayed “HDMI NO SIGNAL” and went into hibernation. The Princeton stayed lit up as before. Both monitors are displayed on the “Screen Resolution Setup Display” and I plaid around with them for a while. The only thing I accomplished was to shove the desktop icons from the Princeton to the still hibernating Asus. The “Multiple displays:” is set to “Extend these displays”, the Orientation is “Landscape” and the Resolutions are set on both to the “recommended” one. Both monitors show that they work properly in the advanced Properties display. What am I doing wrong, what am I missing? Never mind the opinions about the different resolutions of the two monitors. I always can unhook the Princeton and give it to a Goodwill Store if I do not like the setup. I just would like to make it work. Any constructive help is very much appreciated, Thank you. Thank you Anees Bakrain Only the ATI Radeon HD 4300/4500 Series adapter is displayed in the Device Manager, for that reason I have to assume that the onboard display adaptor is not active. All 40 drivers of Sarastro2 are up to date and the HDMI cable can not be the problem because both monitors displayed the boot sequence up to the moment when Windows 7 was loaded completely. This was the moment, when the Asus monitor lost its signal. Both connectors, HDMI and DVI are connected and removing the DVI connector would not solve my problem of running both monitors simultaneously. However, your suggestions shifted my seventy one year old brain into the next gear. The only question remaining is; “Why the signals to the Asus monitor stop after the sequence is complete”. The ATI Radeon HD 4300/4500 Series adapter seems to be capable of sending simultaneous HDMI and DVI signals, what is done during the boot sequence. Why do the signals change after the boot sequence is complete is the key question or der springende Punkt? Is this a correct assumption slhck?

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• what is Remote Desktop Services in Windows Server 2008 R2 all about?

  - by fejesjoco

  Seriously, I'm lost in all that sales mumbo-jumbo. Let's say I want 1 or 2 users to be able to remotely log on to a server, run Word, Visual Studio, Firefox, and whatever. Do I gain anything at all if I install Remote Desktop Services? Or do I just install Desktop Experience feature pack, enable remote desktop and voila, nobody will ever notice the difference? Here's what TechNet says about Remote Desktop Session Host: A Remote Desktop Session Host (RD Session Host) server is the server that hosts Windows-based programs or the full Windows desktop for Remote Desktop Services clients. Users can connect to an RD Session Host server to run programs, to save files, and to use network resources on that server. Users can access an RD Session Host server by using Remote Desktop Connection or by using RemoteApp. The good old simple remote desktop can also host a full Windows desktop for remote clients so that they can run programs, save files and do all that stuff. Why do they write about it like it's such a great new invention, besides that they want to sell it? RDSH doesn't seem all that different at all. What do I install when I install RDSH, since all those features are already there in Windows? What's even more confusing is that you need to take special care when you want to install applications to an RDSH so that they will be usable by many concurrent users. Why? All the modern applications install the program files in one directory, store some common settings in the ProgramData folder and the HKLM hive, and store user specific settings in the Users folder and the HKCU hive. They are designed to be usable by many users on the same machine. 2 or 2000 users can use them concurrently without any efforts. I can sign in with 2 users to a server with only remote desktop enabled, and both of us can run Word or anything without any problems, can't we? So what changes if I set RDSH to install mode, or what happens if I don't? Why is the feature to switch between install and execute mode there at all? Yes I know of some advantages in Remote Desktop Services, like there's no 2 user limit, it supports virtualization, video acceleration and stuff, it has a whole infrastructure with gateway, web access, connection broker, etc. But I don't need those, so if you take these away, how are these two technologies different? From the articles it seems like they are completely different technologies, whereas it looks to me that they are completely the same at the core, and Remote Desktop Services just adds some additional features, but doesn't reinvent anything.

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• Generating/managing config files for hosted application

  - by mfinni

  I asked a question about config management, and haven't seen a reply. It's possible my question was too vague, so let's get down to brass tacks. Here's the process we follow when onboarding a new customer instance into our hosted application : how would you manage this? I'm leaning towards a Perl script to populate templates to generate shell scripts, config files, XML config files, etc. Looking briefly at CFengine and Chef, it seems like they're not going to reduce the amount of work, because I'd still have to manually specify all of the changes/edits within the tool. Doesn't seem to be much of a gain over touching the config files directly. We add a stanza to the main config file for the core (3rd-party) application. This stanza has values that defines the instance (customer) name the TCP listener port for this instance (not one currently used) the DB2 database name (serial numeric identifier, already exists, they get prestaged for us by the DBAs) three sub-config files, by name - they need to be created from 3 templates and be named after the instance The sub-config files define: The filepath for the DB2 volumes The filepath for the storage of objects The filepath for just one of the DB2 volumes (yes, redundant to the first item. We run some application commands, start the instance We do some LDAP thingies (make an OU for the instance, etc.) We add a stanza to the config file for our security listener that acts as a passthrough to LDAP instance name LDAP OU TCP port for instance DB2 database name We restart the security listener (off-hours), change the main config file from item 1, stop and restart the instance. It is now authenticating via LDAP. We add the stop and start commands for this instance to the HA failover scripts. We import an XML config file into the instance that defines things for the actual application for the customer - user names, groups, permissions, and business rules. The XML is supplied by the implementation team. Now, we configure the dataloading application We add a stanza to the existing top-level config file that points to a new customer-level config file. The new customer-level config file includes: the instance (customer) name the DB2 database name arbitrary number of sub-config files, by name Each of the sub-config files defines: filepaths to the directories for ingestion, feedback, backup, and failure those filepaths have a common path to a customer-specific folder, and then one folder for each sub-config file Each of those filepaths needs to be created We need to add this customer instance to our monitoring scripts that confirm the proper processes are running and can be logged into. Of course, those monitoring config files include the instance name, the TCP port, the DB2 database name, etc. There's also a reporting application that needs to be configured for the new instance. You get the idea. There's also XML that is loaded into WAS by the middleware team. We give them the values for them to plug into the XML - they could very easily hand us the template and we could give them back completed XML.

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• SSH to an ubuntu machine using avahi

  - by tensaiji

  I have an ubuntu box that I connect to using avahi. Connecting to that box works fine for all services (I regularly use AFP, SSH and SMB on it) but I've noticed that whenever I connect to it from a mac using SSH (and using the ".local" dns name provided by avahi - eg. "ssh .local") SSH tries to connect using ipv6, which for some reason times out (after two minutes) then it tries ipv4 which connects immediately. I'd like to avoid this timeout, as it's really annoying for me and other users - if SSH tried ipv4 first or if ssh over ipv6 worked then that would solve the problem. But so far I've been unable to get either to work (the best I've managed is to specify the "-4" option to SSH to stop it from trying ipv6 at all). I'm using Ubuntu 10.04. Any solution has to be on the server (not the client) as there are multiple clients connecting. A possible complication might be that my LAN is set up to allow link-local ipv6 addresses only, but I have other servers (using Mac OS) that I can SSH into using ipv6) I suspect that the problem could be solved by either preventing avahi from broadcasting the ipv6 address, or by enabling ssh over ipv6, but so far as I can tell avahi is already configured not to broadcast the ipv6 address and sshd is configured to allow ipv6 connections! Here's my /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf (I don't think I've changed anything from the ubuntu defaults) [server] #host-name=foo #domain-name=local #browse-domains=0pointer.de, zeroconf.org use-ipv4=yes use-ipv6=no #allow-interfaces=eth0 #deny-interfaces=eth1 #check-response-ttl=no #use-iff-running=no #enable-dbus=yes #disallow-other-stacks=no #allow-point-to-point=no [wide-area] enable-wide-area=yes [publish] #disable-publishing=no #disable-user-service-publishing=no #add-service-cookie=no #publish-addresses=yes #publish-hinfo=yes #publish-workstation=yes #publish-domain=yes #publish-dns-servers=192.168.50.1, 192.168.50.2 #publish-resolv-conf-dns-servers=yes #publish-aaaa-on-ipv4=yes #publish-a-on-ipv6=no [reflector] #enable-reflector=no #reflect-ipv=no [rlimits] #rlimit-as= rlimit-core=0 rlimit-data=4194304 rlimit-fsize=0 rlimit-nofile=300 rlimit-stack=4194304 rlimit-nproc=3 and here's my sshd_config (mainly updated to only allow pub/private keys): # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 180 PermitRootLogin no StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication no AllowGroups sshusers # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server UsePAM yes Does anyone have any ideas that I can try, or has experienced anything similar?

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• load-causing processes disappearing from "top" ps -o pcpu shows bogus numbers

  - by Alec Matusis

  I administer a large number of servers, and I have this problem only with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS: I run a server under normal load (say load average 3.0 on an 8-core server). The "top" command shows processes taking certain % of CPU that cause this load average: say PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 11008 mysql 20 0 25.9g 22g 5496 S 67 76.0 643539:38 mysqld ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 53.1 11008 , everything is consistent. The all of the sudden, the process causing the load average disappears from "top", but the process continues to run normally (albeit with a slight performance decrease), and the system load average becomes somewhat higher. The output of ps -o pcpu becomes bogus: # ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 317910278 1587 This happened to at least 5 different severs (different brand new IBM System X hardware), each running different software: one httpd 2.2, one mysqld 5.1, and one Twisted Python TCP servers. Each time the kernel was between 2.6.32-32-server and 2.6.32-40-server. I updated some machines to 2.6.32-41-server, and it has not happened on those yet, but the bug is rare (once every 60 days or so). This is from an affected machine: top - 10:39:06 up 73 days, 17:57, 3 users, load average: 6.62, 5.60, 5.34 Tasks: 207 total, 2 running, 205 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 11.4%us, 18.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.3%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 74341464k total, 71985004k used, 2356460k free, 236456k buffers Swap: 3906552k total, 328k used, 3906224k free, 24838212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 805 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 3 0.0 1493:09 fct0-worker 982 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 111:35.05 fioa-data-groom 914 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 884:42.71 fct1-worker 1068 root 20 0 19364 1496 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.02 top Nothing causing high load is showing on top, but I have two highly loaded mysqld instances on it, that suddenly show crazy %CPU: #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1587 %CPU PID CMD 317713124 1587 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld and #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1624 %CPU PID CMD 2802 1624 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld Here are the numbers from # cat /proc/1587/stat 1587 (mysqld) S 1212 1088 1088 0 -1 4202752 14307313 0 162 0 85773299069 4611685932654088833 0 0 20 0 52 0 3549 27255418880 5483524 18446744073709551615 4194304 11111617 140733749236976 140733749235984 8858659 0 552967 4102 26345 18446744073709551615 0 0 17 5 0 0 0 0 0 the 14th and 15th numbers according to man proc are supposed to be utime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). This includes guest time, guest_time (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so that applications that are not aware of the guest time field do not lose that time from their calculations. stime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). On a normal server, these numbers are advancing, every time I check the /proc/PID/stat. On a buggy server, these numbers are stuck at a ridiculously high value like 4611685932654088833, and it's not changing. Has anyone encountered this bug?

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• Asus P8P67 Rev. 3.1 Motherboard issues powering on and saving settings

  - by Scott

  Edit: New Information Have some updated information from the old question below: So basically my issue right now is somewhat similar, but I've been able to rule out a couple of things. I don't think this has anything to do with light on the motherboard. No matter what lights are on/off on the motherboard when the computer is off, they don't affect this issue. The main power LED on the Mobo is always lit when the power supply is turned on, and that's what matters anyway. Even when the main power LED is on, the PC will NOT boot up the first time I hit the power switch. I have to go reset the power supply (make all lights turn off on the Mobo and back on), and THEN hit the power switch. Then everything boots up. Also, the BIOS settings are reset every time this happens. Asus Tech Support told me to try jumping the power with something metal to try and rule out that it's a problem with the connectors getting power, or if it's a problem with the case power switch pins - haven't done that yet though. Any ideas? This is a lot simpler than it was before when I thought it had to do with certain LED indicators for RAM, EPU, etc. Original Question So I built my new desktop just about 3 weeks ago. I've been having a few issues which I think are all related to my motherboard, an Asus P8P67 Revision 3.1, but I'm not 100% sure as this is really the first from-scratch build I've ever done. I've posted these questions on the Asus forums, Asus Tech Support, and the Corsair forums as well as I thought it might have something to do with my power supply at one point. None of these avenues have solved my issue until now completely, so I thought I'd come here to see what you guys think. Here's what's happening: My computer is off, and I go to power it on. I press the power switch on the case (Antec Nine Hundred), and nothing seems to happen. Upon further inspection, I see that what this actually does is simply turn on the EPU LED on my motherboard, but doesn't actually boot anything up. I then have to go and flip the main power switch on the power supply off and back on. What this does is turn off all lights on the Motherboard after a few seconds, and turn them all back on (including the EPU LED that was off before I hit the power switch the first time). Now, hitting the power switch works. The machine boots up fine, and starts going through the boot up process. As a side note: My Motherboard is set to "Force BIOS", and every single time I change this to do the opposite, the next time my computer boots up that change reverts itself. I think this may be due to the fact that I am doing the hard reset on the power supply each time, but I'm not sure. I had thought that the Motherboard would keep its BIOS settings unless you did something to the Mobo itself - so this may be a related issue, or something else completely. That's basically it. Once it's on, it's on. It works fine, recognizes all of my hardware, and runs great. All fans/lights in the case work great, and I'm getting standard readings. The next time I go to shut the computer down however, I can expect the same exact process getting it up and running, including being forced to go into BIOS and exit again before I can load Windows. Another side note: If I power on my computer using the power switch DIRECTLY after shutting it down, it powers right back on (I think this is because the EPU LED light doesn't have time to turn off). It looks as if as long as the EPU LED is lit up on the motherboard before I hit the power switch on the case, the thing will boot up fine (although this doesn't explain the "Force BIOS" issue, at least it's something). Any ideas? Thanks guys. P.S. - System Specs Asus P8P67 Rev. 3.1 Motherboard Intel Core i7 2600K Processor 16GB (4x4GB) G-Skill 1600 RAM NVIDIA EVGA GTX 570 Video Card Crucial 128GB SSD HD Corsair 850W Power Supply Seagate 2TB HDD

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• What is good usage scenario for Rackspace Cloud Files CDN (powered by AKAMAI) [closed]

  - by Andrew Smith

  I have just setup my website as static page via Rackspace CDN / Akamai. www.example.co.uk is an alias for d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com. d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com. a61.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net. a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net is an alias for a63.dscg10.akamai.net. a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.41 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.40 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ecb9 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ed09 The HTTP header: HTTP/1.0 200 OK Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Oct 2012 23:27:41 GMT ETag: fdf9e14b77def799e09e8ce815a521da X-Timestamp: 1350689261.23382 Content-Type: text/html X-Trans-Id: tx457979be3bd746c2b4e5403a1189cdbc Cache-Control: public, max-age=900 Expires: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:18:56 GMT Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:03:56 GMT Content-Length: 7124 Connection: keep-alive I am wondering, if it's really the fastest solution to power the website? By investigating it thru http://www.just-ping.com/ it seems, that from many places the ping is very high, and during quick investigation I found that they use GeoIP to resolve addresses based on WHOIS, which is not accurate and because of that from many places the ping is above 300ms (for example, if ISP is in balgladore and request is routed to bangladore even if it's 300ms, for period of 1 month), while by just using Amazon Web Services and Route 53 Anycast DNS servers and only 4 EC2 instances it seems that for example India is always below 100ms, while using Akamai it goes above 300ms in some cases, and this is because Route 53 is using BGP. By quickly checking the Akamai, it seems that they are not getting feedback from the traffic - the high ping stays constant even if I keep downloading large files and videos, which is opposite to what they say on their website. They state, that they optimize the performance by taking feedback from the requests, while it seems they just use GeoIP with per City resolution (which are mostly big cities). Because of this, AWS with Route 53 / Anycast DNS seems to be much more reliable, as well EdgeCast which is using BGP, but I dont know how much does it cost to deploy static website. Actually, I dont know if EdgeCast is not a lie, because from isolated places there are many errors - so their performance is at the cost of quality of delivery, because of BGP switching the routes during transfer of large files. So I was wondering, what is really Akamai good for, because they dont seem to pose any strength in any field in what I do understand now, except they offer some software based WAF on their website, but what I really care about is the core distribiution, so the question is? Is really Akamai good for Videos? For static websites? ??? I found so far AWS most usable with most consistent ping and stable transfers.

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• Wireless Network Performance Issues

  - by colithium

  My brand new Dell XPS system has been running flawlessly except its abysmal download speeds. I have tried isolating every variable I could possibly think of but I can't figure out the problem. I've talked to Dell and Belkin without making progress (thought I'd try). Here are the speeds: Note that most of the time, upload speeds are actually much faster than download speeds (around 4.0 Mb/s which is better than most other devices on the network) It's not the ISP. The slowdown happens even when transferring files inside the network. Plus every other wireless device gets approximately this: It's not the wireless router. It's a Lynksis WRT160N v1 with the latest firmware (1.02.2). Plus everything else connected to it has normal speeds. It's not the browser. Speeds are the same in IE, FF, and when transferring files with Windows between computers. It's not the wireless adapter. I've tried a Belkin N Wireless USB Adapter (which works fine on another computer) and a Dell Wireless Draft 802.11n WLAN Mini-Card. They have the same slow speeds when connected to the problem computer. It's not the adapter connection. One adapter used USB and the other is a Mini-Card. It's not antenna placement. With the same antenna position and the same device, I get different speeds when connected to the problem computer vs a good computer. Plus everything reports the connection speed as at least 11Mbps and good signal strength. I've tried disabling IPv6 since it sometimes causes weird problems. I've tried disabling Windows Firewall/anti-virus. I've ensured the computer has updated drivers for both adapters. I've ensured that Windows is up to date and so is the BIOS. For the USB adapter I ensured that that USB port functioned at normal speeds with other USB devices. What else could it possibly be? I finally received my copy of Windows 7 and will be trying that. I'd rather not install Windows 7 because of a particular program that will stop working so a solution besides that is welcome. Specs: Vista x64 Core i7 920 6GB RAM 500GB HD GTX 260

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• Pxe net install Centos with Static IP

  - by Stu2000

  I seem to be unable to perform a kickstart installation of centos5.8 with a netinstall. It correctly gets into the text installer, but keeps sending out a request for the dhcp server and failing. I have tried to manually set the IP everywhere. Here is my pxelinux.cfg file DEFAULT menu PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Ubuntu MAAS TIMEOUT 200 TOTALTIMEOUT 6000 ONTIMEOUT local LABEL centos5.8-net kernel /images/centos5.8-net/vmlinuz MENU LABEL centos5.8-net append initrd=/images/centos5.8-net/initrd.img ip=192.168.1.163 netmask=255.255.255.0 hostname=client101 gateway=192.168.1.1 ksdevice=eth0 dns=8.8.8.8 ks=http://192.168.1.125/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-net MENU end and here is my kickstart file: # Kickstart file for a very basic Centos 5.8 system # Assigns the server ip: 192.211.48.163 # DNS 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4 # London TZ install url --url http://mirror.centos.org/centos-5/5.8/os/i386 lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us network --device=eth0 --bootproto=static --ip=192.168.1.163 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.1.1 --nameserver=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 --hostname=client1-server --onboot=on rootpw --iscrypted $1$Snrd2bB6$CuD/07AX2r/lHgVTPZyAz/ firewall --enabled --port=22:tcp authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5 selinux --enforcing timezone --utc Europe/London bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=xvda --append="console=xvc0" # The following is the partition information you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is # not guaranteed to work part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100 --ondisk=xvda part pv.2 --size=0 --grow --ondisk=xvda volgroup VolGroup00 --pesize=32768 pv.2 logvol swap --fstype swap --name=LogVol01 --vgname=VolGroup00 --size=528 --grow --maxsize=1056 logvol / --fstype ext3 --name=LogVol00 --vgname=VolGroup00 --size=1024 --grow %packages @base @core @dialup @editors @text-internet keyutils iscsi-initiator-utils trousers bridge-utils fipscheck device-mapper-multipath sgpio emacs Here is my dhcp file: ddns-update-style interim; allow booting; allow bootp; ignore client-updates; set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier; subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { host tower { hardware ethernet 50:E5:49:18:D5:C6; fixed-address 192.168.1.163; option routers 192.168.1.1; option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; filename "/pxelinux.0"; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server 192.168.1.125; } } Is it impossible to prevent it asking for a dynamic ip before trying to install from the net? Perhaps there is an error in of my files? My dhcp server is set to ignore client-updates, and is set to only works with one mac address whilst testing.

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• Debian virtual memory reaching limit

  - by Gregor

  As a relative newbie to systems, I inherited a Debian server and I've noticed that virtual memory is very high (around 95%!). The server has been running slow for around 6 months, and I was wondering if any of you had any tips on things I could try, particularly on freeing up memory. The server hosts various websites and also a Postit email server. Here are the details: Operating system Debian Linux 5.0 Webmin version 1.580 Time on system Thu Apr 12 11:12:21 2012 Kernel and CPU Linux 2.6.18-6-amd64 on x86_64 Processor information Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E7400 @ 2.80GHz, 2 cores System uptime 229 days, 12 hours, 50 minutes Running processes 138 CPU load averages 0.10 (1 min) 0.28 (5 mins) 0.36 (15 mins) CPU usage 14% user, 1% kernel, 0% IO, 85% idle Real memory 2.94 GB total, 1.69 GB used Virtual memory 3.93 GB total, 3.84 GB used Local disk space 142.84 GB total, 116.13 GB used Free m output: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3010 2517 492 0 107 996 -/+ buffers/cache: 1413 1596 Swap: 4024 3930 93 Top output: top - 11:59:57 up 229 days, 13:38, 1 user, load average: 0.26, 0.24, 0.26 Tasks: 136 total, 2 running, 134 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.8%us, 0.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 95.0%id, 0.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3082544k total, 2773160k used, 309384k free, 111496k buffers Swap: 4120632k total, 4024712k used, 95920k free, 1036136k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 28796 www-data 16 0 304m 68m 6188 S 8 2.3 0:03.13 apache2 1 root 15 0 10304 592 564 S 0 0.0 0:00.76 init 2 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:04.06 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:05.67 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.26 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.12 events/0 9 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 events/1 10 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 11 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 kthread 16 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:15.51 kblockd/0 17 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.32 kblockd/1 18 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid 127 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd 129 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 180 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 70:09.05 kswapd0 181 root 17 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 182 root 17 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/1 780 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/0 782 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/1 783 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux 802 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_0 803 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1 804 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2 805 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_3 1013 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 49:27.78 kjournald 1181 root 15 -4 16912 452 448 S 0 0.0 0:00.05 udevd 1544 root 14 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused 1706 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 kmirrord 1995 root 18 0 193m 3324 1688 S 0 0.1 8:52.77 rsyslogd 2031 root 15 0 48856 732 608 S 0 0.0 0:01.86 sshd 2071 root 25 0 17316 1072 1068 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 mysqld_safe 2108 mysql 15 0 320m 72m 4368 S 0 2.4 1923:25 mysqld 2109 root 18 0 3776 500 496 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 logger 2180 postgres 15 0 99504 3016 2880 S 0 0.1 1:24.15 postgres 2184 postgres 15 0 99504 3596 3420 S 0 0.1 0:02.08 postgres 2185 postgres 15 0 99504 696 628 S 0 0.0 0:00.65 postgres 2186 postgres 15 0 99640 892 648 S 0 0.0 0:01.18 postgres

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• debian packages version convention

  - by JackWu

  I'm using debian/Ubuntu, and get confused about versions of packages. When using dpkg -l command, I get: ii vim 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor ii vim-common 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - Common files ii vim-runtime 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - Runtime files ii vim-tiny 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version ii virt-what 1.11-1 detect if we are running in a virtual machine ii w3m 0.5.3-5ubuntu1 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support ii watershed 6 reduce superfluous executions of idempotent command ii wget 1.13.4-2ubuntu1 retrieves files from the web ii whiptail 0.52.11-2ubuntu10 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts ii whoopsie 0.1.33 Ubuntu crash database submission daemon ii wimlib9 1.5.0-1~webupd8~precise Library to extract, create, modify, and mount WIM files ii wimtools 1.5.0-1~webupd8~precise Tools to extract, create, modify, and mount WIM files ii wireless-tools 30~pre9-5ubuntu2 Tools for manipulating Linux Wireless Extensions ii wpasupplicant 0.7.3-6ubuntu2.1 client support for WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) ii x11-common 1:7.6+12ubuntu2 X Window System (X.Org) infrastructure ii x11-utils 7.6+4ubuntu0.1 X11 utilities ii xauth 1:1.0.6-1 X authentication utility ii xbitmaps 1.1.1-1 Base X bitmaps ii xclip 0.12-1 command line interface to X selections ii xfonts-encodings 1:1.0.4-1ubuntu1 Encodings for X.Org fonts ii xfonts-utils 1:7.6+1 X Window System font utility programs ii xkb-data 2.5-1ubuntu1.3 X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data ii xml-core 0.13 XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support rc xpdf 3.02-21build1 Portable Document Format (PDF) reader ii xterm 271-1ubuntu2.1 X terminal emulator ii xz-lzma 5.1.1alpha+20110809-3 XZ-format compression utilities - compatibility commands ii xz-utils 5.1.1alpha+20110809-3 XZ-format compression utilities ii zabbix-agent 1:1.8.11-1 network monitoring solution - agent ii zlib1g 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 compression library - runtime ii zlib1g-dev 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 compression library - development ii zsh 4.3.17-1ubuntu1 shell with lots of features The third column is version, but it all messed up in a way I can't understand. I mean, different packages use total different naming specification. Here are the major questions: Why there are ubuntu in them, and there are not? what all the special -~+ mean? alpha and build, dfsg, what are they? Can I just use them casually? vim and other packages have 2:, what does that mean? How version comparison works, since they can be so different? Can anyone please explain this to me? Or where can I find an official document? Thanks in advance.

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• Monitoring tools that can take high rate and high volume?

  - by Jon Watte

  We're using Cacti with RRDTool to monitor and graph about 100,000 counters spread across about 1,000 Linux-based nodes. However, our current setup generally only gives us 5-minute graphs (with some data being minute-based); we often make changes where seeing feedback in "near real time" would be of value. I'd like approximately a week of 5- or 10-second data, a year of 1-minute data, and 5 years of 10-minute data. I have SSD disks and a dual-hexa-core server to spare. I tried setting up a Graphite/carbon/whisper server, and had about 15 nodes pipe to it, but it only has "average" for the retention function when promoting to older buckets. This is almost useless -- I'd like min, max, average, standard deviation, and perhaps "total sum" and "number of samples" or perhaps "95th percentile" available. The developer claims there's a new back-end "in beta" that allows you to write your own function, but this appears to still only do 1:1 retention (when saving older data, you really want the statistics calculated into many streams from a single input. Also, "in beta" seems a little risky for this installation. If I'm wrong about this assumption, I'd be happy to be shown my error! I've heard Zabbix recommended, but it puts data into MySQL or some other SQL database. 100,000 counters on a 5 second interval means 20,000 tps, and while I have an SSD, I don't have an 8-way RAID-6 with battery backup cache, which I think I'd need for that to work out :-) Again, if that's actually something that's not a problem, I'd be happy to be shown the error of my ways. Also, can Zabbix do the single data stream - promote with statistics thing? Finally, Munin claims to have a new 2.0 coming out "in beta" right now, and it boasts custom retention plans. However, again, it's that "in beta" part -- has anyone used that for real, and at scale? How did it perform, if so? I'm almost thinking about using a graphing front-end (such as Graphite) and rolling my own retention backend with a simple layer on top of mmap() and some stats. That wouldn't be particularly hard, and would probably perform very well, letting the kernel figure out the balance between frequency of flushing to disk and process operations. Any other suggestions I should look into? Note: it has to have shown itself able to sustain the kinds of data loads I'm suggesting above; if you can point at the specific implementation you're referencing, so much the better!

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• Getting an boot error when starting computer

  - by Rob Avery IV

  I was in the middle of watching a movie on Netflix, then suddenly everything started crashing. First, explorer.exe closed down, then Google chrome. I had multiple things running in the background (Steam, Raptr, etc.). Individuality, each of those apps closed down also. When they did, a small dialog box popped up for each of them, one at a time, saying that it was missing a file, it couldn't run anymore, or something similar to that. It also had some jumbled up "code" with numbers and letters that I couldn't read. Ever since then, everytime I turn my computer on, it will run for a few seconds and give this error "Reboot and select proper boot device or insert boot media in selected boot device and press a key_". No matter how many times I try to reboot it, it always gives me the same error. A day later after this happened I was able to start the computer, but before it booted, it told me that I didn't shut down the computer properly and asked how I wanted to run the OS (Run Windows in Safety Mode, Run Windows Normally, etc.). Once I logged, everything went SUPER slow and everything crashed almost instantly. The only thing I opened was Microsoft Security Essentials and only got in about two clicks before it was "Not Responding". Then, after that the whole computer froze and I had to restart it. Now, it's back to saying what it originally said, "Reboot and select proper boot device or insert boot media in selected boot device and press a key_". I built this PC back in February 2012. Here are the specs: OS: Windows 7 Ultimate CPU: AMD 8-core GPU: Nvidia GTX Force 560 Ti RAM: 16GB Hard Drive: Hitachi Deskstar 750GB I'm usually very good taking care of my PC. I don't download anything that's not from a trusted site or source. I don't open up any spam email or such or go to any harmful websites like porn or stream movies. I am very clean with the things I do with my PC and don't do many DIFFERENT things with it. I use it pretty often especially for video games and doing homework in Eclipse. Also, good to note that I don't have any Norton or antisoftware installed. I have Microsoft Security Essentials installed but never did a scan. Thanks!

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• Why are USB 2.0 devices crashing my system?

  - by BenAlabaster

  Background on the machine I'm having a problem with: The machine was inherited and appears to be circa 2003 (there's a date stamp on the power supply which leads me to this conclusion). I've got it set up as a Skype terminal for my 2 year old to keep in touch with her grandparents and other members of the family - which everyone loves. It has a generic baby-ATX motherboard with no identifying markings. CPU-Z identifies the motherboard model as VT8601 but doesn't provide me with any manufacturer name. There's one stamp on the motherboard that says "Rev.B". On board it has 10/100 LAN, 2 x USB 1.0, VGA, PS/2 for KB and mouse, parallel port, 2 x serial ports, 2 x IDE, 1 x floppy, 2 x SDRAM slots, 1 x CPU housing that is seating a 1.3GHz Intel Celeron CPU, 3 x PCI, 1 x AGP - although you can only use 2 of the PCI slots if you use the AGP slot due to the physical layout of the board. It's got 768Mb PC133 SDRAM - 1 x 512Mb & 1 x 256Mb installed as well as a D-LINK WDA-2320 54G Wi-Fi network card and a generic USB 2.0 expansion board containing 3 x external + 1 x internal USB connectors. All this is sitting in a slimline case. I don't know the wattage of the PSU, but can post this later if this proves to be helpful. The motherboard is running a version of Award BIOS for which I don't have the version number to hand but can again post this later if it would be helpful. It has an 80Gb Western Digital hard drive freshly formatted and built with Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 3 and all current patches. In addition to Windows XP, the only other software it's running is Skype 4.1 (4.2 crashes the machine as soon as it starts up). It's got a Daytek MV150 15" touch screen running through the VGA and COM1 with the most current drivers from the Daytek website and the most current version of ELO-Touchsystems drivers for the touch component. The webcam is a Logitech Webcam C200 with the latest drivers from the Logitech website. The problem If I hook any USB 2.0 devices to this machine, it hangs the whole machine and I have to hard boot it to get it back up. Workarounds found I can plug the same devices into the on board USB 1.0 connectors and everything works fine, albeit at reduced performance. I've tried 3 different kinds of USB thumb drives, 3 different makes/models of webcams and my iPhone all with the same effect. They're recognized and don't hang the machine when I hook them to the USB 1.0 but if I hook them to the USB 2.0 ports, the machine hangs within a couple of seconds of recognizing the devices were connected. Attempted solutions I've tried disabling all the on board devices that I'm not using - such as the on board LAN, the second COM port, the AGP connector etc. through the BIOS in an (perhaps misguided or futile) attempt to reduce the power consumption... I don't think it had any effect but it didn't do any harm. I was wondering if the PSU wattage just isn't enough to drive the USB 2.0 devices; I've seen this suggested but haven't found any confirmation that this could really be an issue - nor have I found a way to work around this issue - if indeed it is one. Any ideas? The only thing I haven't done which I only just thought of while writing this essay is trying the USB 2.0 card in a different PCI slot, or re-ordering the wi-fi and USB cards in the slots... although I'm not sure if this will make any difference. I've installed the USB card in another machine and it works without issue, so it's not a problem with the USB card itself. Other thoughts Perhaps this is an incompatibility between the USB 2.0 card and the BIOS, would re-flashing the BIOS with a newer version help? Do I need to be able to identify the manufacturer of the motherboard in order to be able to find a BIOS edition specific for this motherboard or will any version of Award BIOS function in its place? Question Does anyone have any ideas that could help me get my USB 2.0 devices hooked up to this machine?

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• OpenVPN multiple servers on the same subnet, high availability

  - by andre

  Hey everyone. Let me start by saying that my Linux experience isn't super awesome but I can usually find my way around things easily. Over at work we have an OpenVPN setup that's been due for some improvement for a while now. The main server (tap mode) runs in our office, behind a rather slow DSL connection. The main problem is that, since I'm usually out of the office, every time I want to access something on the virtual network I have to go through that server to get anywhere else. We have two servers up on 100 Mbit connections that we use for development and production purposes, about 3 more servers in the office (one of them behind a different T1 line for VOIP) and about two dozen clients who use the network on a daily basis from various locations. We've had situations where network routing (outside of our control) would not allow people to reach our main OpenVPN server whilst the other locations were connectable. Also any time someone outside the office wants to fetch something from any of the servers (say, a 500 MB code repository), a whopping 20 KB/s download speed is just unacceptable these days (did I mention slow DSL? ok). We had to implement traffic shaping on this server since maxing out this connection was fairly trivial. I had the thought of running two (or more) OpenVPN servers in the network. These would have to have the same subnet though, as our application relies on virtual network's IP addresses for some of its core functionality. The clients would also preferably retain the same IP addresses but that's not vital. For simplicity, lets call the current server office and the second server I'm setting up, cloud. Call the server on the T1 phone. This proved to be rather complex because as soon as I connect to cloud, I cannot see office. Any routes to a server that would go through office also do not work while I'm connected to cloud (no ping, nothing) and vice-versa. There's no rules for iptables that would be blocking the traffic either. Recently I came across this article on linuxjournal but the solution they provide seems to only cover the use of two servers and somewhat outdated (can't even find much documentation, their wiki is offline). They also state that adding more servers would be a complex task. Ideally I would like to keep the existing server office running the virtual network and also run the OpenVPN daemon on the cloud and phone servers (100 Mbit and very reliable connection, respectively) so that we're on safe ground in case of a hardware failure, DSL failure, etc. So, in essence, I'm looking for a highly available OpenVPN solution (fix, patch, hack, tweak, whatever you want to call it) that will accept connections on multiple hosts (2 or more) whilst keeping the same IP address subnet regardless of the server to which you connect to. Thanks for reading and sorry for the long post, I hope it gets the point across :P

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• Vista stuck at "Shutting down..." screen. Any way to get verbose logging?

  - by CapBBeard

  Hi all, My home machine has been running fine for about 3 years, no problems at all. Within the last couple of weeks it's had real trouble trying to shut down. It'll get so far and then just sit there at the "Shutting down..." screen for hours. I've left it overnight, I've tried in safe mode, all to no avail. These days, I just wait for the disk activity to finish up and then hold the power button to turn it off. Feels dirty as, especially because there's a RAID involved! The hardware itself is in pretty good shape and of decent spec; Core 2 Quad, 4GB RAM, 1TB RAID 1+0, so it's not quite like a 7 year old PC coming to end of life! In the last month, hardware hasn't changed except for a new monitor. Admittedly I haven't tried unplugging the monitor but I've never heard of that preventing a shutdown. I might give it a whirl later I guess, as a last resort. I've uninstalled old apps, done updates, checked the event log, looked in device manager, uninstalled all non-present devices, disabled various non-critical devices (imaging, audio etc), unplugged peripherals, stopped non-essential services, unplugged the network, disabled the network adapter entirely, ran chkdsk, verified my RAID, the list goes on. But not a single lead. I'm pretty stumped. It could be hardware, but I have no other evidence to suggest so; when the PC is running, it runs fine. Temperatures are good, gaming is smooth as always, disk performance is fine. Event log even makes it look like the shutdown was completed (gets to the point where the event log service stops). In fact, the PC doesn't appear to realise that I cut the power to it. So my question is, does anyone know if there is a way I can get some verbose output (or a log) from shutdown to give me some idea of what is causing the issue? I'm guessing it's stuck unloading some app/driver but it would be good to get some specifics! Unless anyone has any other ideas? I suspect a reinstall would resolve the issue, however I'm looking to get a new PC built in the next month or so, and the reinstall is going to be quite a big job so I'd rather just wait until then if it comes to that. Would still be nice to get this sorted in the mean time though. Cheers!

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• Where is my VMware-ws FreeNAS CIFS(ZFS) bottle-neck?

  - by maka

  Background: I'm building a quiet HTPC + NAS that is also supposed to be used for general computer usage. I'm so far generally happy with things, it was just that I was expecting a little better IO performance. I have no clue if my expectations are unreal. The NAS is there as a general purpose file storage and as a media server for XBMC and other devices. ZFS is a requirement. Question: Where is my bottle-neck, and is there anything I can do config wise, to improve my performance? I'm thinking VM-disk settings could be something but I really have no idea where to go since I'm neither experienced with FreeNAS nor VMware-WS. Tests: When I'm on the host OS and copy files (from the SSD) to the CIFS share, I get around 30 Mbytes/sec read and write. When I'm on my laptop laptop, wired to the network, I get about the same specs. The test I've done are with a 16 GB ISO, and with about 200 MB of RARs and I've tried avoiding the RAM-cache by reading different files than the ones I'm writing ( 10 GB). It feels like having less CPU cores is a lot more efficient, since the resource manager in Windows reports less CPU-usage. With 4 cores in VMware, CPU usage was 50-80%, with 1 core it was 25-60%. EDIT: HD ActiveTime was quite high on SSD so I moved the page file, disabled hibernate and enabled Win DiskCache both on SSD and RAID. This resulted in no real performance difference for one file, but if i transferred 2 files the total speed went up to 50 Mbytes/s vs ~40. The ActiveTime avg also went down a lot (to ~20%) but has now higher bursts. DiskIO is on ~ 30-35 Mbytes/s avgs, with ~100Mb bursts. Network is on 200-250Mbits/s with ~45 active TCP connections. Hardware Asus F2A85-M Pro A10-5700 16GB DDR3 1600 OCZ Vertex 2 128GB SSD 2x Generic 1tb 7200 RPM drives as RAID0 (in win7) Intel Gigabit Desktop CT Software Host OS: Win7 (SSD) VMware Worksation 9 (SSD) FreeNAS 8.3 VM (20GB VDisk on SSD) CPU: I've tried 1, 2 and 4 cores. Virtualisation engine, Preferred mode: Automatic 10,24Gb ram 50Gb SCSI VDisk on the RAID0, VDisk is formatted as ZFS and exposed through CIFS through FreeNAS. NIC Bridge, Replicate physical network state Below are two typical process print-outs while I'm transfering one file to the CIFS share. last pid: 2707; load averages: 0.60, 0.43, 0.24 up 0+00:07:05 00:34:26 32 processes: 2 running, 30 sleeping Mem: 101M Active, 53M Inact, 1620M Wired, 2188K Cache, 149M Buf, 8117M Free Swap: 4096M Total, 4096M Free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND 2640 root 1 102 0 50164K 10364K RUN 0:25 25.98% smbd 1897 root 6 44 0 168M 74808K uwait 0:02 0.00% python last pid: 2746; load averages: 0.93, 0.60, 0.33 up 0+00:08:53 00:36:14 33 processes: 2 running, 31 sleeping Mem: 101M Active, 53M Inact, 4722M Wired, 2188K Cache, 152M Buf, 5015M Free Swap: 4096M Total, 4096M Free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND 2640 root 1 76 0 50164K 10364K RUN 0:52 16.99% smbd 1897 root 6 44 0 168M 74816K uwait 0:02 0.00% python I'm sorry if my question isn't phrased right, I'm really bad at these kind of things, and it is the first time I post here at SU. I also appreciate any other suggestions to something, I could have missed.

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• Why Photoshop CS5's photomerge's result immediately disappear?

  - by koiyu

  I have a bunch of JPG-files which I want to stitch together with Photoshop's Photomerge function. I choose File → Automate → Photomerge... and browse for the files. Photoshop opens the files and starts analyzing. I see the process bar filling and different phases are mentioned on the process bar. Nothing weird there. When the merging is done (and if I don't blink my eyes), I can see layers-palette is populated with the chosen files and, by quickly judging from the layer thumbnails, they're properly aligned. Sometimes the image window itself can be seen, but not always. Problem is that the layers and the image disappear in a flash. There is no error message. Everything is like prior starting the photomerge. No file has been changed. I could continue to use Photoshop normally. This is what I've tried so far: Loaded folder which has 38 JPG images, 4272 x 2848 and ˜ 5 megabytes per file Loaded the same files, but chose Use Files instead of Use Folder in the photomerge's window Loaded 19 JPG images, 4272 x 2848 and ˜ 5 megabytes per file Loaded 10 JPG images, ⇑ see above Loaded 5 JPG images, see above Loaded 3 JPG images, see above Scaled the images to 2256 x 1504 and ˜< 1 megabytes per file Loaded in a set of 38, 19, 10, 5, 3 Following steps are tested with these smaller files and with a set of 5 images Read Adobe's forums and reduced the amount of RAM Photoshop uses gradually from ˜ 80 % to 50 % (though I didn't understand the logic behind this) Would've reduced cache tile size to 128K, but it was set so already Disabled OpenGL Scaled the images to 800 x 533 and ˜ 100 kilobytes per file, loaded a set of 5 Read more unanswered threads around the internet In between each test I closed and reopened Photoshop. This is the first time I've even tried using photomerge. Am I doing something wrong? How can I locate what is the problem? How do I fix this? Photoshop is 64 bit Extended CS5 version. I'm on a mid-2010 quad-core (i5) iMac with up-to-date Mac OS X 10.6.6. Edit: Weird. First loading the images into one file via File → Scripts → Load Files into Stack… and then using Edit → Auto-Align Layers…, which, effectively, is the same as photomerge (even the dialog looks kind of the same), works! Even with the original JPGs without any issues. This doesn't fix photomerge, though.

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