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• ZFS + FreeBSD + virtualbox

  - by John

  Hi, I'm configuring a FreeBSD server hosting virtualbox serving half dozen mission critical busy mail servers. I just learned ZFS, I'm quite attracted, but have a few questions: what is the CPU overhead of ZFS? I googled and found little (or no) benchmark for that. from what I learned, when ZFS updates files, it keeps the old file as snapshot, and write the updated part for the new version. However that would mean for each snapshot it keeps that require significant storage overhead. How much is this storage overhead? For example, suppose I have 2TB usable space, how much space can actually be used for the latest version of files one year later? is FreeBSD with ZFS hosting virtualbox serving half dozen busy guest mission critical mail servers a reasonable combination? Anything particular to be careful with? And can I still choose ZFS for the guest OSs? This is because I may build another identical such box for redundancy, and will need to do some mirroring between each pair of the guest systems across the boxes. I'm trying to configure a Dell R710 for this. From what I learned, I shouldn't choose any RAID at all, is that true? In that case, are the drives still arrive hot swappable? this may sounds a bit pathetic, but since I have no experience with ZFS at all, and this is a mission critical server, so just ask just in case: I'm choosing twin Intel L5630 processors, and 6 x 600GB 15K RPM Serial-Attach SCSI drives. If I need more space in the future, I would just hot swap some drivers with larger capacity to expand the storage. There is no problem with these, right?

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• Sharepoint db issue after DB move to SQL 08

  - by JohnyV

  Recently we have moved our sharepoint 2007 db from sql 2000 server to 2008 x64 SQL server. All seems well, however there is a problem where the sql server stops running and the service has to be restarted. The errors mention insufficient internal memory etc. I have tried to start the db using -g384 which is the default in sql 2000 but 256 is default for 2008 I believe. This has not rectified the issue. I was advised that perhaps the issue may be rectified by upgrading to wss 3.0 sp2 however When I have tried to install this i get another error post sp2 update and have to refer back to a vm snapshot. The error after the service pack is Server error: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?LinkID=96177 So I guess I have a few questions How can I fix the first issue and the 2nd issue. I have checked out many forums and posts and have tried a few things and still get no joy. Any assistance would be great. UPDATE I have fixed the Server error: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?LinkID=96177 the i needed to run the wss sp2 as well as the office servers sp2 then the config wizard then the moss configuration worked. The errors I am getting in SQL are SQL Server was unable to run a new system task, either because there is insufficient memory or the number of configured sessions exceeds the maximum allowed in the server. Verify that the server has adequate memory. Use sp_configure with option 'user connections' to check the maximum number of user connections allowed. Use sys.dm_exec_sessions to check the current number of sessions, including user processes. A read operation on a large object failed while sending data to the client. A common cause for this is if the application is running in READ UNCOMMITED isolation level. The connection will be terminated. There is insufficient system memory in resource pool 'internal' to run this query. These errors are by a user that was created as a service for sharepoint.

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• SQL Server Management Studio not scripting all objects

  - by Ian Boyd

  i've been attempting to script a database using SQL Server 2005 Management Studio. i cannot get it to script some objects. It scripts others, but skips some. i can provide detailed screen shots the options being selected including all tables the folder where the script files will go the folder being empty before scripting the scripting process saying Sucess when scripting a table the destination folder no longer empty, with a hundred or so script files the script of some tables not being in the folder. And earlier SSMS would not script some views. Is this a known thing that the the Generate Scripts task does not generate scripts? Update Known issue on Microsoft Connect, but Microsoft couldn't repro the steps, so they closed closed the ticket. Fails on SQL Server 2005, also fails on SQL Server 2008. Update Two Some basic questions: 1.What version of SQL Server? Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.194 (Intel X86) Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00 (Intel X86) Microsoft SQL Server 2008 - 10.0.2531.0 (Intel X86) Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Management Studio: 9.00.4035.00 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Management Studio: 10.0.1600.22 2.What O/S are you running on? Windows Server 2000 Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 3.How are you logging in to SQL server? sa/password Trusted authentication 4.Have you verified your account has full access to all objects? Yes, i have access to all objects. 5.Can you use the objects that fail to script? (eg: select top(10) * from nonScriptingTable) Yes, all objects work fine. SQL Server Enterprise Manager can script the objects fine. Update Three They fail no matter what version of SQL Server you script against. It wasn't a problem in Enterprise Manager: Client Tools SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2008 ============ =============== =============== =============== 2000 Yes n/a n/a 2005 No No No 2008 No No No Update Four No errors found in the database using: DBCC CHECKDB go DBCC CHECKCONSTRAINTS go DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP go DBCC CHECKIDENT go DBCC CHECKCATALOG go EXECUTE sp_msforeachtable 'DBCC CHECKTABLE (''?'')' Honk if you hate SSMS.

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• HP ProCurve & Cisco switches interoperability

  - by Kamil Z

  I have a couple of questions regarding Cisco and HP ProCurve interoperability. Here's a link to pdf with my network topology. Can someone help me with basic VLAN configuration in such topology? Below there are some details of my configuration: # m_management_2 interface FastEthernet0/43 switchport access vlan 250 switchport mode access spanning-tree port-priority 32 spanning-tree cost 100 # MTA2-swmgmt1 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1-48 ip address 10.10.249.190 255.255.255.128 exit # MTA2-swtr1 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1-14,16-48 no ip address no untagged 15 exit vlan 100 name "MTA Mgmt" untagged 15 ip address 10.10.249.188 255.255.255.128 exit # MTA2-swtr2 vlan 1 name "DEFAULT_VLAN" untagged 1-14,16-48 no ip address no untagged 15 exit vlan 100 name "MTA Mgmt" untagged 15 ip address 10.10.249.189 255.255.255.128 exit I don't post MTA2-bcsw[12] configuration, because I wasn's successfull in this one yet. Every time I configure VLANs on MTA2-bcsw[12] Fa0/24 interface on m_management_2 goes down bacause of receiving tagged BPDUs on access port (there are no VLANs configured on MTA2-swmgmt1 because of fact that only 250 VLAN is allowed in this switch. Is it correct?). Can someone provide me some basic configuration for this topology? Second thing I want to ask is concept of connection from MTA2-swmgmt1 to MTA2-swtr[12] HP switches for the sake of management. How to configure such ports on HP switches (managed switch and manager switch). Is my actual configuration correct?

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• SQL Server transaction log backups,

  - by krimerd

  Hi there, I have a question regarding the transaction log backups in sql server 2008. I am currently taking full backups once a week (Sunday) and transaction log backups daily. I put full backup in folder1 on Sunday and then on Monday I also put the 1st transaction log backup in the same folder. On tuesday, before I take the 2nd transaction log backup I move the first transaction log backup from folder1 an put it into folder2 and then I take the 2nd transaction log backup and put it in the folder1. Same thing on Wed, Thurs and so on. Basicaly in folder1 I always have the latest full backup and the latest transaction log backup while the other transaction log backups are in folder2. My questions is, when sql server is about to take, lets say 4th (Thursday) transaction log backup, does it look for the previous transac log backups (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) so that this new backup will only include the transactions from the last backup or it has some other way of knowing whether there are other transac log backups. Basically, I am asking this because all my transaction log backups seem to be about the same size and I thought that their size will depend on the amount of transactions since the last transaction log backup. Example: If you have a, lets say, full backup and then you take a transac log backup and this transac log backup is lets say 200 MB and now you immediatelly take another transac log backup, this last transac log backup should be considerably smaller than the first one because no or almost no transaction occured between these two backups, right? At least, that's what I've been assuming. What happens in my case is that this second backup is pretty much the same size as the first one and I am wondering if the reason for that is because I moved the first transac log backup to a different folder so now sql server thinks that all I have is just a full backup and it then gets all the transactions that happened since the full backup and puts it in the 2nd transac log backup. Can anyone please explain if my assumptions are right? Thanks...

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• Virtual Machines Renaming/Backing up/Sharing

  - by evan

  I've started using VMware virtual machines for all of my software development projects and have a few questions for others doing the same thing. First, how can you rename the virtual machine and the name of the virtual hard drive? I have a base development machine that I clone for different projects. I'd like to name the machine and it's hard drive according the the project (right now when I copy them via cut and paste, the file names remain the same and I can only organize them by putting them in a specific directory). Second, what is the best way to back up a virtual machine? Is it possible (by breaking the virtual hard drive up into chunks instead of one big file) to get incremental backups working? It seems time machine always tries to make a copy of the whole thing which is time consuming because each virtual machine is around 30GB. Finally, how slow would it be to have a virtual machine shared on an NFS mount on a wireless N network and used from multiple computers (but with only one person using it at a time.) Would it be more reasonable on a gigabit lan connection? Thanks for your input! And please feel free to share any advice or wisdom about using virtual machines for software development and the best ways to speed them up!

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• Hardware for a home server running Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V or Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2

  - by David Hayes

  Hi, I'm planning to build a server to do the following Act as a file server (videos, pictures music) Run Squeezebox server Run Zune Software to allow wireless syncing to Windows Phone 7 I'd also like to aim for Low power usage (i'd settle for less than the 90-100Watts I'm using atm Flexibility, I might want to add a web server or sharepoint or... Something I can learn/test on, work is mainly a Windows shop but I do have Linux experience too I'd like to take a look at App-V (application virtualization) too I'd like it to cost less than $1000 Quiet would be nice but not essential (it'll be in the basement) I'm thinking of getting a technet subscription to get access to Windows Server 2008 R2 at a reasonable price ($199) So my plan was this Get a bunch of 2TB Caviar green drives to RAID up (RAID 1 or 6 probably) Get a Quad core CPU (Intel i5/i7 probably) Install a Hypervisor Install w2k8 R2 Storage Server for a NAS Install Windows 7 Pro to run Zune/Squeeze box Install any other machines I want to play with Questions Can anyone see any issues with this or have any better ideas? Do you think I'd need an i7 over an i5? Is 4 cores enough/too much? Can anyone sugest a nice, reasonably priced case that will hold 6-8 drives and stay cool Should I wait for Sandy Bridge parts?

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• Certain banking pages not loading

  - by Joseph Lee

  For some unknown reason, I am suddenly unable to access my accounts at several banking and credit sites. I have been a registered user at each site for several years and know I am using the correct user ID and password. Yet, after entering the data, answering security questions, and clicking the submit button, I land on a page with an error message saying their is a technical problem preventing me from accessing my account. On one site, I end up at the sign in page repeatedly. I am never told that my ID/password are incorrect. I believe may be firewall related. Windows firewall was damaged after a recent malware attack. I am now using a third party firewall (Fort Knox). I am not seeing a pop-up indicating sites are blocked or asking me to indicate yes or no. I am using Windows 7 Home Premium. I get the same result regardless of the browser. I switched to Maxthon last night and am getting the same result. This is not happening at other sites. And I am able to access some banking sites normally. This is frustrating because I need to make payments and have gone paperless. Any feedback will be appreciated. ---- Joe ----

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• what can be causes of http server crash?

  - by mithunmo

  Hello , I am using WAMP server on Windows XP. Apache 2.2.11 MySQL 5.1.36 (INNODB engine) PHP 5.3.0 I observe that my WAMP server crashes in the following scenarios IF I use a Low end PC ( low processor speed and low RAM) After making some changes to httpd.conf file .For eg changing the Allow from IP address . But here it crashes only once and then it starts to work fine. Random crashes CRASH LOG szAppName : httpd.exe szAppVer : 2.2.11.0 szModName : php5ts.dll szModVer : 5.3.0.0 offset : 0000c309 C:\DOCUME~1\blrcom\LOCALS~1\Temp\WERc677.dir00\httpd.exe.mdmp C:\DOCUME~1\blrcom\LOCALS~1\Temp\WERc677.dir00\appcompat.txt My questions Does high CPU utilization/LOW RAM can also cause the HTTP server to crash ? excessive file reading as in every 10 seconds ? unlimited script execution time . I have set the maximum execution time in php script to 0 as my script has to execute for sometimes 2-3 days. Is there any way to avoid this ? Access to Database ? Should we use lock before reading and writing Can these be the reasons for random wamp server crashes ? OR is is some other programming error ? Please guide me . Regards, Mithun

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• "chown mysql:mysql /data/tmp" command

  - by Mellon

  I am on a Linux ubuntu machine with MySQL installed. If there is a MySQL installation on a Ubuntu machine, I saw some people doing the following thing: sudo chown mysql:mysql /data/tmp I get confused, I know the meaning of the above command, which is to change the owner of /data/tmp to user 'mysql' and change the group of it to 'mysql' group. But (my questions): 1. Why would one run the above command? If I create a table in my_db database, by default, there will be .frm, .MYD, and .MYI files (data files) be created automatically by MySQL under /var/lib/mysql/my_db/ . So, does the above command changes the default MySQL data directory to /data/tmp/ instead of /var/lib/mysql/my_db/? Basically, I would like to know the purpose and effect of the above command. (better with examples) 2. Where does the 'mysql' owner and group come from? Does the installation of MySQL on a Linux machine automatically create the 'mysql' user and group? or People need to manually create a mysql account for the linux machine?

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• Still about SSD potentials...write and read speed

  - by Macroideal

  I have been working on SSD (solid state disk) for several months..Problems and Questions hit my head unexpectedly..Coz i am a virgin in ssd... Especially these days I was testing the write-read speed of ssd, which I was always caring.... however result turned out not good as I expected, or even worse Three kinds of read-write were implemented in my test read and write directly from and into ssd, with openning ssd as a whole device. in windows: _open("\\:g", ***).. It can be very tricky and hairy that you'd write a data with size of folds of 512, at the disk position of folds of 512bytes... So, If you wanto write just a byte or 4 bytes, you'v to write at least a whole sector one time. Read and write data from and into files located in SSD... Read and Write data from and into files in mechanical Disk I compared the pratices below...I found ssd sucks...the ssd performs worse than mechanical disk... so i am wondering where i can get the potential performance of ssd, since ssd is said to a substitute for mechanical disk in the future.. Nevertheless, I test ssd with a pro-hard-disk tools..ssd is like twice speedier than mechanical disk. So, why?

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• Xen hipervisor 4.1 Kernel Panic on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by rkmax

  I have a fresh Ubuntu 12.04.1 amd64 server install following this guide I have used LVM option used all disk and make 2 LV /dev/mapper/vg-root / (80GB) vg-swap swap (4GB) now i install xen with apt-get install xen-hypervisor-4.1-amd64 and config /etc/default/grub like the guide and add GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN_DEFAULT="dom0_mem=768M" later all this i exec update-grub and reboot. but when i try to boot with Xen 4.1-amd64 always i get a kernel panic with the message Domain-0 allocation is too small for kernel image my questions are: this error is about what? where i can grow this allocation for avoid this error? grub.cfg menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.2.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt2)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3541e241-7f39-4ebe-8d99-c5306294c266 echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder dom0_mem=768M echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-29-generic ...' module /vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic placeholder root=/dev/mapper/backup--xen-root ro rootdelay=180 echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic } Note: I've followed this guide too

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• Setting up multiple servers for one domain

  - by Joseph Torraca

  So I am starting up a new website and I was wondering how to set up 5 servers to host the site. I have already purchased 5 Apple XServes, one will be used as a test server and the other 4 will be for the live site. So I have read some website on the internet and they all reference using one server and installing software onto it and have that server do the load balancing. I have also read that you could use a hardware, rack-mounted system and plug the servers into that. The load balancer would then distribute the load. So I have a few questions about each: 1) How do you set up the software version and have the other servers as "slaves" and have one "master" to direct traffic? 2) Which of the two options above are more reliable, and better suited for a startup that doesn't have many users per month, yet(hopefully)? 3) Is there a theoretical max limit of servers that can be connected to a software load balancing system? Note: Obviously this will change from software to software, but in terms of the server being able to handle it? 4) In your own opinion, what are you using for your sites? Have you had any problems setting up that system or operating it once its running? Are there any things you would stay away from if you had to start over? 5) I also purchased a Apple RAID system, so if you are familiar with it, is there any way to connect it to multiple Xserves so they all serve the same data? I'm a little confused on this, so thanks for all your help and being patient with me. Note: Take it easy on me, I am learning this as I go along, so I may have used terms incorrectly or explained things that don't really make sense. Sorry. P.S. If you need me to supply the specs on the servers to determine which system makes the most sense, I can post them for you.

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• wget mirroring, subdomains and directories and cookies

  - by Jimmu

  Hi all, I have an account on a web page that is now "full" (ie I have used up all my allocated space) and I would like to make a mirror of that site. wget seems like the thing to use. The problem is that I would only like to mirror the sites the lie within this directory http://user.domain.com/room/2324343/transcript/ (and sub-directories). Whilst saving the correct stylesheets, javascripts and css etc which exist in different directories. There as also uploaded files that are linked to within the pages in the transcript directory (on different directories) that I would like to download/mirror (theses are in a variatey of formats .exe, .py, .png, .app (and many more)). There are also images that are on different severs that are on these pages. Also I would like it if the links (which are sometimes relative , sometimes absoulute (but to internal things), sometimes external ) worked correctly so that if they link to things that have been downloaded(mirrored) they work fine (without internet connection), but if they link to things that are external or havent been mirrored they link to the external site. Basically so they work as expected. Another problem is that you have to log in to acess the site. Can wget be used to acomplish this or is there a better way? either way how do I achive this? (I have asked this question at stackoverflow.com/questions/2190115/wget-mirroring-subdomains-and-directories-and-cookies but it was recommended that I try asking it here)

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• SQL Server instance shuts down

  - by user42119

  I'm currently developing a new ASP.NET project hosted on a Windows Server 2008 RC2 with an SQL Server 2008 Express database. I have three SQL Server instances (for different purposes) running which currently all contain a single database. For apparently no reason, these instances tend to shut down after some days. There might be low or no traffic to these instances, because there might be some days in a row, where I can't develop. It now occurred several times, that one or two of these three instances just shut down, so that I can't access the database, without manually starting the instance. I can't seem to find a event log entry for the shutdown, which is most likely because I just enabled logging (why is the default setting off?). So the questions are: * Why does an SQL Server instance shut down? (Is there such a thing as a "Shut down instance after 3 days of inactivity"? * How can I achieve that the instances are running 24/7? Edit: I solved this problem by writing my own application that checks for the status of the SQL Server services. My program will start via a batch file, that gets called by the Windows Task Scheduler every 5 minutes.

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• Hardware Requirements & Tuning - Flash Media Server 3.5 Interactive

  - by Anthony Kanago

  I am trying to spec out a server to purchase (physically, not rented from someone like softlayer.com) to run an intranet instace of Flash Media Server 3.5 Interactive. In general, the server will likely be fielding somewhere on the order of 400 connections at a time at the upper limit. Of course, should this increase, we don't want to be stuck. While the decision is not final, we will likely be running the server on Red Hat rather than Windows. The server will be run on gigabit ethernet. I have two related questions: What sort of hardware would I need realistically to support this? What advice can you offer for settings in tuning FMS/the OS to be performant to this level? We are looking for a bare minimum that will run this effectively to save on costs. Realistically, the average number of connections will be fairly low (50-150) by comparison with that upper limit estimate. To reiterate: we just want to be cautious in not getting caught when we need more power, but we also need a low-cost solution (doesn't everyone?) and that may take priority. Windows and RedHat are the two officially supported operating systems. Since FMS is stated to be 32-bit only, I'm sticking with a 32-bit OS. The hardware requirements listed by Adobe on their website are: 3.2GHz Intel® Pentium® 4 processor (dual Intel Xeon® or faster recommended) 2GB of RAM (4GB recommended) 1Gb Ethernet card So what realistically do I need for those sorts of connection numbers, and what can I due to tune things up to get more out of less hardware? Thanks!

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• 2 Server FC SAN Configuration

  - by BSte

  I have 2 identical servers: -48GB Ram -8GigE NIC's -2FC NIC's -2x72GB RAID1 Hard Drives -Server 2008R2 Host I also Have a Fibre Channel SAN: -16x146GB RAID10 Hard Drives -2xDual-port FC Controllers (Controller A and B both have ports 1 and 2) -Server 1 has Fiber to Ports A1 and B1 -Server 2 has Fiber to Ports A2 and B2 -I kept the default config with 1 Virtual Disk and 1 Volume -The default mappings show ports A1,A2,B1,B2 on LUN 0 with read-write My goal is: -2xVM's with IIS and Guest Level Failover -2xVM's with SQL 2008 Enterprise using a Single DB and Guest Level Failover -1xVM that is an application server, preferable with Host Failover. From what I read, this will also need AD for clustering to work. -I need at least 1 VM always running for IIS and the SQLDB. This includes hardware failover and application (ie: reboot a VM for Critical updates) I was told I could install the VM's and run them from the SAN, and this is what I've tried: Installed MPIO and HyperV on Server1 and Server 2 Added the SAN as Disk E: on both servers, made it GPT and formatted NTFS Configured HyperV on both server to store use E:\VD and E:\VHD On server1, I was able to install 3 VM's on the SAN and all worked well. On server2, I would start installing the other 2 VM's, but always at some point the VM's would get a corrupt .VHD message (either server). Everything I found about the message typically related to antivirus, so I removed all antivirus on both Host servers (now only running 2008R2). I reformatted drive E: (SAN), recreated the VHD and VD directories, installed 3 VM's on Server 1, and then had the same issue when installing VM's on Server2. Obviously something is wrong, but I'm not certain what exactly. My questions: 1) Are my goals possible with this hardware setup? -I've read 2008R2 supports FC SAN's, but a lot of articles seem to only give examples with iSCSCI setups 2) What would be the suggested route on setting up the SAN (disks,volumes,LUN's)? I've worked with HyperV on a single machine before and never had issues. Actual experience working on SAN's and clustering is new to me. Any suggestions or recommendations to get me in the right direction would be much appreciated.

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• Two hosting providers running simultaneously... possible / not possible? good practice / unnecessary?

  - by user29600

  For the sake of their reputation, I won't mention the names. But I'll just use: Business I worked for previously - ABC Web Dev Hosting company they used - XYZ Hosting I recently found out that XYZ Hosting had some sort of incident where they ended up losing a lot of their client's data - including ABC Web Dev's. ABC Web Dev was able to recover some of their customer's websites, after pulling them from their local development computers and putting them up on another hosting provider. They ended up losing a lot of clients because of it and their reputation ruined. I'm starting my own web dev company and I don't want to run into this same issue. I'm planning on using Rackspace but, although they are a great company, according to wikipedia they still have had downtime in their past. I thought it might be a good idea to try to run two providers at once, to ensure that if anything happened in one the websites would still be live because of the other. I know the websites would have to be pulling from one server at all times, but if there's a way to redirect requests to the second server if the first one is down that would solve my issue. As a note, we will have a staging environment setup locally which will allow for quick recovery if a provider did have any issues, however I'd like to avoid any downtime at all if possible. So my questions are: Has anyone tried running two providers simultaneously? Would this be considered good practice or am I going too far? Is there really any way to run two simultaneously where one server acts as a backup?

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• Mac Management and Security

  - by Bart Silverstrim

  I was going through some literature on managing OS X laptops and asked someone some questions about usage scenarios when using the MacBooks. I asked someone more knowledgeable than I about whether it was possible for my Mac to be taken over if I were visiting another site for a conference or if I went on a wifi network at a local coffee house with policies from an OS X Server with workgroup manager (either legit for the site or someone running a version of OS X Server on hardware they have hidden somewhere on the network), which apparently could be set up to do things like limit my access to Finder or impose other neat whiz-bang management features. He said that it is indeed possible for it to happen as it would be assigned via the DHCP server and the OS X server would assume my Mac is a guest and could hand out restrictions and apparently my Mac will happily accept them without notifying me or giving me an option, unlike Windows which I believe would need to be joined to a domain before it becomes "managed" by Active Directory. So my question is as network admins and sysadmins with users traveling with MacBooks, is there a way to reasonably protect your users from having their machines hijacked without resorting to just turning off networking all the time? Or isn't this much of a security hazard? What threat does this pose to the road warriors in your businesses?

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• When I log on to my company desktop, I log on to a domain. How is this domain name installed?

  - by learnerforever

  Hi, When I have to work on my machine in company, I have noticed that I log on to a domain (named on the basis of company name) and not really on that computer. From, what I understand, this has a few advantages, the primary being that I just need one password for the domain and can work through any of the machines in company. My questions are : What software on desktop/network have to be installed so that the desktop recognizes and gives me option of logging into a domain. I would guess that a software can be installed on desktop, and there we can configure the IP address of domain server of company and port number, which handles authentication. Is this correct? This takes me to another question that how are softwares installed on end machines in a company. Going to each machine physically and installing looks very unweildy from administrator point of view. An obvious solution would be to install softwares (and updates) over network. My question on this are: What protocols,keywords come into picture when administrator installs OS,softwares,updates from his administrator machine to end machine through network. Thanks,

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• Using dnsmasq for accessing multiple nameservers assigned by DHCP

  - by Ash

  At my work desktop running openSUSE 11.4, I have a local network which gets its address, domain (work.site) and nameservers (10.100.1.1, 10.100.1.2) info through DHCP - which get written into /etc/resolv.conf I get to access the internet using the work network, and these 2 nameservers end up returning the entries for any public domain name lookups on the internet. I also have a private VPN that I end up connecting. The nameserver (10.111.1.1) and domain (private.site) are rarely bound to change for this network, but currently they're pushed by the openVPN client into networkmanager, and which also gets merged with the existing /etc/resolv.conf My resolv.conf ultimately ends up looking like this: search private.site work.site nameserver 127.0.0.1 nameserver 10.111.1.1 nameserver 10.100.1.1 As you can see the 2nd nameserver from my work network was pushed out because of the max 3 entry limitations. It is fine still, but would be a problem if that nameserver goes down for maintenance or something. So I found out that dnsmasq could help me here, and hence I setup dnsmasq just as a local DNS resolver without any DHCP support. So right now this is my /etc/dnsmasq.conf: resolv-file=/etc/resolv.conf server=/private.site/10.111.1.1 server=/1.111.10.in-addr.arpa/10.111.1.1 listen-address=127.0.0.1 bind-interfaces log-queries I've made dnsmasq get the list of nameservers from /etc/resolv.conf since NetworkManager seems to be updating this list correctly (for a max of 3 nameservers). I'm able to resolve the host names in both the networks correctly. So these are the questions I have: Is there a way I can make either NetworkManager or dhclient write out the list of nameservers somewhere else which I can make dnsmasq use as resolv-file ? How do I make dnsmasq use certain nameservers as the default for all queries ? Right now I notice that lookups for public domains on the internet are usually sent to both the nameservers - the one on work.site as well as private.site. It would be good if I can limit this only to work.site.

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• NFS v4, HA Migration, and stale handles on clients

  - by Karl Katzke

  I'm managing a server running NFS v4 with Pacemaker/OpenAIS. NFS is configured to use TCP. When I migrate the NFS server to another node in the Pacemaker cluster, even though the metadata is persisted, connections from the clients 'hang' and eventually time out after 90 seconds. After that 90 seconds, the old mountpoint becomes 'stale' and the mounted files can no longer be accessed. The 90 second grace period seems to be part of the server configuration and not the client configuration. I see this message on the server: kernel: NFSD: starting 90-second grace period If I restart the NFS client on the client nodes after I migrate (unmounting and then remounting the share), then I don't experience the problem, but connections and file transfers still interrupted. Three questions: What is the 90 second grace period? What's it there for? How can I keep the files from going stale on the clients without restarting them after I migrate the NFS server to another node? Is it actually possible to migrate the NFS server without having large file uploads drop?

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• Apache2/Shibboleth TCP connections stuck in CLOSE_WAIT

  - by RJT

  I run an Apache2 server which uses the Shibboleth daemon (shibd) as federated authentication module. Certain server connections using Shibboleth seem to stick permanently in CLOSE_WAIT state. tcp 38 0 blah.blah:57346 shib.server.:8443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 38 0 blah.blah:45601 shib.server2:8443 CLOSE_WAIT tcp 38 0 blah.blah:41737 shib.server3:5057 CLOSE_WAIT From what I can find out, CLOSE_WAIT means that when the remote server disconnects, the local application is failing to close the connection, as it should. I suspect shibd is responsible somehow. Needless to say, if enough CLOSE_WAIT connections accumulate, I have a problem. Trying to get rid of the CLOSE_WAIT connections by simply using /etc/init.d/networking restart does not work. In fact networking seems to refuse to close down and restart, and I get a SIOCADDRT: File exists error (ie networking is trying to start without having stopped first). Same problem with ifup -a So I have two questions - one may be easy, and one harder. What's a good way to force networking to restart, and force whatever connections are stuck in CLOSE_WAIT to clear? Any ideas about how to fix shibboleth and force shibd module to behave?

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• How does a vsftpd server work and how to configure it?

  - by ysap

  I was asked to configure a FTP server, based on the vsftpd package. The server is running on a remote machine to which I have a superuser privilege access. Being unfamiliar with the mechanics of FTP servers, I tried to figure out how user ftp accounts are configured. The previous maintainer used a shell script, which works on a list that we maintain to track users accounts and passwords, to configure the ftp accounts. From reading the script, I see that he generates a list of usernames and passwords, and actually creates a user account on the Linux machine. This means that for each user that we configure in the list, a new user account is being added by the adduser command: adduser --home /home/ftp --no-create-home $user (but w/o a private /home/username directory - using the /home/ftp instaed). Each of these users can log into his account using the ssh command. This fact seems a little strange to me, as I'd think that the ftp account should be decoupled from the Ubuntu user accounts. As another side effect, when a user connects using a web browser, he is connected to the /home/ftp directory. However, he can then use "Up to a higher level directory" link to go up and effectively have access to all of our system. So, the questions are: Is this really how the FTP server supposed to work in terms of configuring ftp accounts? If not, how do I configure the vsftpd server in a way that I have only the superuser Ubuntu account on that machine and all ftp account are... just FTP user accounts? Additionally, these ftp account should be configured in terms of how and what they are allowed to access.

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• How does Subnetting Work?

  - by Kyle Brandt

  How does Subnetting Work, and How do you do it by hand or in your head? Can someone explain both conceptually and with several examples? Server Fault gets lots of subnetting homework questions, so we could use an answer to point them to on Server Fault itself. What is classless routing and why is class-based routing obsolete? If I have a network, how do I figure out how to split it up? If I am given a netmask, how do I know what the network Range is for it? Sometimes there is a slash followed by a number, what is that number? Sometimes there is a subnet mask, but also a wildcard mask, they seem like the same thing but they are different? Someone mentioned something about knowing binary for this? Not looking for links to other sites (unless maybe you have one post with a bunch of good ones). I already know how to subnet, I just thought it would be nice if Server Fault had a generic subnetting answer.

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