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• How do I select a field/column from the output of `ls -l`?

  - by soandos

  My goal is deceptively simple (at least to me). I wish to take the output of ls -l or ls -lh and select just one field. I am looking for this to be as bulletproof as possible, by which I mean, assume that filenames can have a variable number of spaces, not everything in the field has the same length, etc. Bonus points for having a script that will take the name of the the field (or even just a field number), and then return the contents of the field. I want to turn into:

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• How do I include a password with SSH command? (want to make shell script)

  - by Evan

  I'm trying to SSH to a server on startup with a .sh script, but that will require me to enter the password for the account on the server that I'm SSHing to. I did some RTFMing, and I see in "-o" that it has "PasswordAuthentication" but I'm not sure how or if I could use that option. As this will be in a shell script, obviously I'd like to have the password in that file, or in any case not have to enter in the password manually every time the script runs.

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• Logging every time a command is run

  - by Tom D

  I want to log every time I run a certain type of command in the terminal. For example, every time I run: sudo apt-get install [something] I want to add [something] to a log file in my home directory that will look like the following: [timestamp] [something] 2012-10-02 mysql-server 2012-10-03 ruby1.9.1 2012-10-06 gedit-plugins 2012-10-07 gnome-panel synaptic What's the easiest way to make this happen automatically?

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• How to xkill an application by its id?

  - by Hanynowsky

  I need to simulate the behavior of the keyboard shortcut (ALT+F4) using Terminal for a given application. If I open for example gedit and click ALT + F4 , then GEDIT will be xkilled. If I want to achieve same thing using Terminal, how should I proceed? The command export PIDTOKILL=pidof gedit | grep [^*]; xkill -id $PIDTOKILL does not work and gives the following error: xkill: killing creator of resource 0x3f38 X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 113 (X_KillClient) Value in failed request: 0x3f38 Serial number of failed request: 8 Current serial number in output stream: 9 I think I am confusing application id and process id here

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• Problem manipulating text using grep

  - by moata_u

  I want to search for a line that contains log4j and take 7 lines before and 3 lines after the match. grep -B7 -A3 "log4j" web.xml After that I want to add comment tags before this paragraph and after it. <!-- paragraph that i found by grep --> I wrote this script bellow: search=`find . -name 'web.xml'` text=`grep -B7 -A3 "log4j" $search` sed -i "/$text/c $newparagraph" $search It's not working. Is there any way to just add comment symbol not replace the paragraph? What I want to the script to do: search for the paragraph append append -- at the end Edit: This is the paragraph that am trying manipulate : <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listenerclass> org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener </listener-class> </listener> This paragraph is part of many paragraphs! I want make it like this: <!-- <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listenerclass> org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener </listener-class> </listener> -->

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• Can I use standard tools to get the full name of a process, when its name has embedded spaces?

  - by fred.bear

  I understand that it may be a rare situation for an executable to have spaces in it, but it could happen. An example may be the best explanation.. Using standard tools, I want to determine the location (on the file system) of the executable which owns(?) the current window... get the current window ID ...(xdotool getactivewindow ) use the ID to get the PID ...(wmctrl -p -l | sed ... ID .... use the PID to get the executable's name ... (ps -A ... here is where I run into problems ! Whith ps, when listing only the executable's name (-o ucmd), it truncates the name to 15 characters, so this rules out this option for any name which is longer. Widening the column (-o ucmd:99 ) makes no difference.. If pgrep is anything to go by, its matching is limited to 15 because of stat (see: info pgrep).. Listings in variants of "full" mode (eg -A w w) are not useful when the name concerned has spaces in it, because this name is separated from its args by another space!.. Also, in "full" mode, if the process was started by a link, the name of the link is shown, rather than the executable's name. Is there some way to do this (using standard tools)? ...or are spaces a show stopper here?

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• Why ~/.bash_profile is not getting sourced when opening a terminal in Ubuntu 11.04?

  - by Viriato

  Problem I have an Ubuntu 11.04 Virtual Machine and I wanted to set up my Java development environment. I did as follows sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk Added the following entries to ~/.bash_profile export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin Save the changes and exit Open up a terminal again and typed the following echo $JAVA_HOME (blank) echo $PATH (displayed, but not the JAVA_HOME value) Nothing happened, like if the export of JAVA_HOME and it's addition to the PATH were never done. Solution I had to go to ~/.bashrc and add the following entry towards the end of file #Source bash_profile to set JAVA_HOME and add it to the PATH because for some reason is not being picked up . ~/.bash_profile Questions Why did I have to do that? I thought bash_profile, bash_login or profile in absence of those two get executed first before bashrc. Was in this case my terminal a non-login shell? If so, why when doing su after the terminal and putting the password it did not execute profile where I had also set the exports mentioned above?

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• What has 'rm -r ~' done to my home directory?

  - by GUI Junkie

  gedit creates hidden backup files ending with '~'. I wanted to do a recursive cleanup of my directory tree. The command rm *~ will delete all local files ending with '~' I thought rm -r *~ . would delete all files in the whole tree, but I typo-ed rm -r ~. There was a message some directory could not be deleted and I quit the command. The question is: What have I been deleting? I did notice that my Filezilla configuration was gone. Does this command delete all hidden directories from the home dir?

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• How to copy files via terminal?

  - by Levan

  This might sound silly for some people but I'm new to Linux and don't know how to use it as good as other people, yes I rad about copying files with terminal but these examples will help me a lot. So here is what I want to do: Examples: I have a file in /home/levan/kdenlive untitelds.mpg and I want to copy this file to /media/sda3/SkyDrive and do not want to delete any thing in SkyDrive directory. I have a file in /media/sda3/SkyDrive untitelds.mpg and I want to copy this file to /home/levan/kdenlive and do not want to delete any thing in kdenlive directory I want to copy a folder from home directory to sda3 and do not want to delete any thing on sda3 directory and opposite I want to cut a folder/file and copy to other place without deleting files in that directory I cut it into.

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• Open Terminal with multiple tabs and execute application

  - by user172001

  I am new to linux shell scripting. I want to write a shell script which will open terminal with multiple tabs; it should run rtsp client app in each tab. For this, I have gone through question here in this forum and tried to code like bellow, tab="--tab-with-profile=Default -e " cmd="java RunRTSPClient" for i in 1 2 3 4 5 do # foo="$foo $tab $cmd" done gnome-terminal $foo exit 0 This is running and opens the terminal window with tabs but suddenly it will close. I am not getting any errors.

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• Installing a directory with a Debian Package

  - by Meisie

  Hi guys I want to create a Debian Package that installs a bunch of Folders to a system but I can't get it working. The Package gets created without any errors and lintian also says it's okay but installing does nothing. The rules file looks like this: <#>!/usr/bin/make -f logs = $(CURDIR)/shell_logs/ DEST1 = /opt/Pacetutor/ build: build-stamp build-stamp: dh_testdir touch build-stam clean: dh_testdir dh_testroot rm -f build-stamp dh_clean install: build clean $(logs) dh_testdir dh_testroot dh_prep dh_installdirs mkdir -m 755 -p $(DEST1) <- this is propably optional or not needed -> cp -r $(logs) $(DEST1) <- using mv works but thats not what I want. -> binary-indep: build install dh_testdir dh_testroot dh_installchangelogs dh_installdocs dh_installexamples dh_installman dh_link dh_compress dh_fixperms dh_installdeb dh_gencontrol dh_md5sums dh_builddeb binary-arch: build install binary: binary-indep binary-arch .PHONY: build clean binary-indep binary-arch binary install

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• When is it appropriate to use colour in a command-line application?

  - by marcoms

  Currently I have a command-line application in C called btcwatch. It has a -C option that it can receive as an argument that compares the current price of Bitcoin with a price that was stored beforehand with -S. Example output with this option is: $ btcwatch -vC # -v = verbose buy: UP $ 32.000000 USD (100.000000 -> 132.000000) sell: UP $ 16.000000 USD (100.000000 -> 116.000000) The dilemma is whether to use colour for the UP or DOWN string (green and red, respectively). Most command-line applications I know of (apart from git) stay away from colour in their output. In my desire for btcwatch to look and be quite "standard" (use of getopt, Makefiles, etc), I'm not sure if colour would look out of place in this situation.

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• Copying specific subfolders with directory structure to a new folder

  - by Shan

  I have the following directory structure: Main_Dir | ------------------------------ Subdir1 Subdir2 Subdir3 | | | ----------- ---------- --------- | | | | | | | | | fo1 fo2 f03 fo1 fo2 f03 fo1 fo2 f03 I want to copy all the subdirectories (Subdir1, Subdir2, Subdir3) to a new folder. But how would I only copy fo1 and fo2 folders to the new place?

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• need a different backup solution

  - by DigitalJedi

  I just built a new media/backup server using Ubuntu 12.04 64bit. I installed a hard drive to be used only for music, pictures, and videos and formatted it fat32 so my 1 and only Windows PC could map those folders as netshares. My laptop, also running Ubuntu 12.04, is what I am using the most so new media is first downloaded on my laptop. I've already got the music, videos, and pictures folders from my server mounting as shares on my laptop on boot thanks to some fstab edits and sshfs. Now I'm wanting either an app or script that could backup any new files I add to my local media folders to the mounted folders on my server. I've been Googling all day and found a few apps like rsync but they seem to have issues with ext4 to vfat backups. I thought maybe a script would be best but I'm new to scripting in Linux and don't want to mess anything up. Basically I am looking for something that will backup only newly added files to the server. I figure I could schedule it once a week. There are some stipulations. For example, my local music folder has over 700 folders for each artist/band then sub folders inside those for albums. I want something smart enough to only copy newly added content so I'm guessing the modified date would probably be a good condition if I were scripting. I'm rambling. Any suggestions would be GREATLY appreciated. I'm not finding anything to suit my needs. I'm almost to the point of just learning bas scripting so I can write something but then it will be a couple weeks or so before I have a possible solution and I'd like something in place sooner.

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• Git autocomplete is asking for a password, not sure why

  - by Soldier.moth

  I'm running into an issue with autocomplete using git... I am using ubuntu 12.10 and when I perform the following keystrokes g i t Space Bar Tab I am presented with the error Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. and prompted for a password. I am not clear how to go about troubleshooting this error, I have tried uninstalling and reinstalling git to no avail. Screenshot of terminal with error:

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• read file in shell script

  - by moata_u

  how can i read file in shell script , then assign each line to an variable that i can use later ,,,(am thinking in way to load an default setting from file) i already try : process (){ } FILE='' read -p "Please enter name of default file : " FILE if [ ! -f $FILE ]; then echo "$FILE : does not exists " exit 1 elif [ ! -r $FILE ]; then echo "$FILE : can not read " fi exec 0<"$FILE" n=0 while read -r line do (assign each line to an variable) done

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• ssh:connection timed out

  - by user1155299

  I am trying the following command on ubuntu ssh [email protected] and I get the following error: ssh: connect to host xx.xx.xxx.xxx port 22: Connection timed out so, I tried the following: telnet xx.xx.xxx.xxx 22xx and I got the following message: Trying xx.xx.xxx.xxx... Connected to xx.xx.xxx.xxx. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.5 Connection closed by foreign host. Can anyone help me understand what the problem is and how I can fix it.

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• How to join two command output

  - by UAdapter

  for example I have command that shows how much space folder takes du folder | sort -n it works great, however I would like to have human readable form du -h folder however if I do that than I cannot sort it as numeric. How to join "du folder" and "du -h folder" to see output sorted as "du folder", but with first column from "du -h folder" P.S. this is just an example. this technique might be very useful for me (if its possible)

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• echo difference between ubuntu and RedHat

  - by arcomber

  I have mostly been experimenting with ubuntu but recently was using a Red Hat Enterprise system and was surprised at a difference I found setting and displaying env variables. In ubuntu I might have an interaction like this: acomber@mail:~$ export MY_VAR=i686-linux acomber@mail:~$ echo $MY_VAR i686-linux acomber@mail:~$ echo "$MY_VAR" i686-linux But on RHEL: acomber@mail:~$ export MY_VAR=i686-linux acomber@mail:~$ echo $MY_VAR acomber@mail:~$ echo "$MY_VAR" i686-linux I know this is a ubuntu forum but why the difference? Why do I need to enclose in quotes on RH? There are no spaces in the variable name?

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• With a username passed to a script, find the user's home directory

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  I am writing a script that gets called when a user logs in and check if a certain folder exists or is a broken symlink. (This is on a Mac OS X system, but the question is purely bash). It is not elegant, and it is not working, but right now it looks like this: #!/bin/bash # Often users have a messed up cache folder -- one that was redirected # but now is just a broken symlink. This script checks to see if # the cache folder is all right, and if not, deletes it # so that the system can recreate it. USERNAME=$3 if [ "$USERNAME" == "" ] ; then echo "This script must be run at login!" >&2 exit 1 fi DIR="~$USERNAME/Library/Caches" cd $DIR || rm $DIR && echo "Removed misdirected Cache folder" && exit 0 echo "Cache folder was fine." The crux of the problem is that the tilde expansion is not working as I'd like. Let us say that I have a user named george, and that his home folder is /a/path/to/georges_home. If, at a shell, I type: cd ~george it takes me to the appropriate directory. If I type: HOME_DIR=~george echo $HOME_DIR It gives me: /a/path/to/georges_home However, if I try to use a variable, it does not work: USERNAME="george" cd ~$USERNAME -bash: cd: ~george: No such file or directory I've tried using quotes and backticks, but can't figure out how to make it expand properly. How do I make this work?

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• Are my Linux symbolic links acting correctly?

  - by Andy Castles

  Hi all I've been using Linux on and off for the last 15 years and today I came across something in bash that surprised me. Setup the following directory structure: $ cd /tmp $ mkdir /tmp/symlinktest $ mkdir /tmp/symlinktest/dir $ mkdir /tmp/symlinktarget Now create two sym links in symlinktest pointing to symlinktarget: $ cd /tmp/symlinktest $ ln -s ../symlinktarget Asym $ ln -s ../symlinktarget Bsym Now, in bash, the following tab completion does strange things. Type the following: $ cd dir $ cd ../A[TAB] Pressing the tab key above completes the line to: $ cd ../Asym/ as I expected. Now press enter to change into Asym and type: $ cd ../B[TAB] This time pressing the tab key completes the link to: $ cd ../Bsym[space] Note that there is now a space after the Bsym and there is no trailing slash. My question is, why when changing from the physical directory "dir" to Asym it recognises that Asym is a link to a directory, but when changing from one sym link to another, it doesn't recognise that it's a link to a directory? In addition, if I try to create a new file within Asym, I get an error message: $ cd /tmp/symlinktest/Asym $ cat hello > ../Bsym/file.txt -bash: ../Bsym/file.txt: No such file or directory I always thought that symlinks were mostly transparent except to programs that need to manipulate them. Is this normal behaviour? Many thanks, Andy

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• Vim clobbering scrollback buffer outside of screen

  - by dotancohen

  If I'm not in a screen session, then when exiting Vim I get a bash prompt below the remnants of the VIM window. A side effect of this is that my scrollback buffer is clobbered, especially if I have paged through a long file in VIM. The problem only occurs if I'm not in screen, inside a screen window VIM exits to show the bash prompt and the previous lines just as before. I tried adding sett_ti=t_te= to my .vimrc to fix the problem, but the only effect that it has was to break VIM such that the problem occurs inside screen as well as outside. Thus, I removed the line. For good measure I do have altscreen on in .screenrc. This is on Ubuntu Server 12.04.1 LTS, with Bash 4.2.24, Screen 4.00, and VIM 7.3 (not vim-tiny), accessed over SSH in Cygwin version NT-6.1-WOW64 on a Windows 7 laptop. Thanks. EDIT: Note that in the same Cygwin install I can SSH into a different server (CentOS) and there VIM does not clobber the scrollback buffer. Therefore, I do not suspect a Cygwin issue. The CentOS machine does not have screen installed, and I did not have to add set t_ti= t_te= to .vimrc.

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• Symlink path can be followed manually, but `cd` returns Permission denied

  - by Ricket

  I am trying to access the directory /usr/software/test/agnostic. There are several symlinks involved in this path. As you can see by the below transcript, I am unable to cd directly to the path, but I can check each step of the way and cd to the symlinked directories until I reach the destination. Why is this? (and how do I fix it?) Ubuntu 12.10, bash > ls /usr/software/test/agnostic ls: cannot access /usr/software/test/agnostic: Permission denied > cd /usr/software/test > cd agnostic bash: cd: agnostic: Permission denied > pwd -P /x/eng/localtest/arch/x86_64-redhat-rhel5 > ls -al | grep agnostic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Oct 23 2007 agnostic -> noarch/agnostic > ls -al | grep noarch ... lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Oct 23 2007 noarch -> /x/eng/localtest/noarch > cd noarch > cd agnostic bash: cd: agnostic: Permission denied > ls -al | grep agnostic lrwxrwxrwx 1 5808 dip 4 Oct 5 2010 agnostic -> main > cd main > ls (correct output of `ls`) > pwd /usr/software/test/noarch/main > pwd -P /x/eng/localtest/noarch/main

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• Ruby through RVM fails

  - by TheLQ

  In constant battle to install Ruby 1.9.2 on an RPM system (OS is based off of CentOS), I'm trying again with RVM. So once I install it, I then try to use it: [root@quackwall ~]# rvm use 1.9.2 Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136 [root@quackwall ~]# ruby bash: ruby: command not found [root@quackwall ~]# which ruby /usr/bin/which: no ruby in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin) Now that's interesting; rvm info says something completely different: [root@quackwall bin]# rvm info ruby-1.9.2-p136: system: uname: "Linux quackwall.highwow.lan 2.6.18-194.8.1.v5 #1 SMP Thu Jul 15 01:14:04 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux" bash: "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.25(1)-release (i686-redhat-linux-gnu)" zsh: " => not installed" rvm: version: "rvm 1.2.2 by Wayne E. Seguin ([email protected]) [http://rvm.beginrescueend.com/]" ruby: interpreter: "ruby" version: "1.9.2p136" date: "2010-12-25" platform: "i686-linux" patchlevel: "2010-12-25 revision 30365" full_version: "ruby 1.9.2p136 (2010-12-25 revision 30365) [i686-linux]" homes: gem: "/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136" ruby: "/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136" binaries: ruby: "/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/ruby" irb: "/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/irb" gem: "/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/gem" rake: "/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/rake" environment: PATH: "/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@global/bin:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin:bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/rvm/bin" GEM_HOME: "/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136" GEM_PATH: "/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136@global" MY_RUBY_HOME: "/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136" IRBRC: "/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/.irbrc" RUBYOPT: "" gemset: "" So I have RVM that says one thing and bash which says another. Any suggestions on how to get this working?

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• Magic function `bash ` not found

  - by inspectorG4dget

  I have a bunch of simulations that I want to run on a high-performance cluster, on which I should make reservations to get computing time. Since the reservations are bounded by time, I am developing an automation script that I can scp into the cluster and run. This script will then download the relevant simulation files, run them, and upload the results. Part of this automation script is in bash (cp, scp, etc) and the rest is in python. In order to develop this automation, I am using an IPython notebook. So far, I've coded all the python automation stuff in my IPython notebook and am trying to write the bash part of it now. However, it seems that the magic %%bash doesn't work in my IPython notebook. I get the following error when I have this code in my cell: Cell %%bash echo hi Error File "<ipython-input-22-62ec98e35224>", line 3 echo hi ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax On a whim, I tried this: Cell %%bash print "hi" Error hi ERROR: Magic function `bash` not found. So I tried this with %%system, %%! and %%shell. But none of those work; they all give me the same error. Why is this happening? How can I fix this? Metadata: IPython 0.13.dev Python 2.7.1 Mac OS X Lion

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