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• What does ENDOFMENU do?

  - by Raymond

  I have been given an example program, I am wondering what exactly the <<ENDOFMENU and ENDOFMENU does, won't it work the same if you leave it out and just use the while loop? #!/bin/sh echo "Menu test program..."; stop=0; while test $stop -eq 0; do cat<<ENDOFMENU 1: print the date 2,3 : print the current working directory 4: exit ENDOFMENU echo; echo -e "your choice?\c" read reply echo case $reply in "1") date ;; "2"|"3") pwd ;; "4") stop=1 ;; *) echo illegal choice esac done

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• Find the latest file by modified date

  - by Rich

  If I want to find the latest file (mtime) in a (big) directory containing subdirectories, how would I do it? Lots of posts I've found suggest some variation of ls -lt | head (amusingly, many suggest ls -ltr | tail which is the same but less efficient) which is fine unless you have subdirectories (I do). Then again, you could find . -type f -exec ls -lt \{\} \+ | head which will definitely do the trick for as many files as can be specified by one command, i.e. if you have a big directory, -exec...\+ will issue separate commands; therefore each group will be sorted by ls within itself but not over the total set; the head will therefore pick up the lastest entry of the first batch. Any answers?

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• using grep with pipe and ampersand to filter errors from find

  - by HKK

  I am using cygwin to find a file on the cygdrive. However I need to suppress the permission denied messages (otherwise the results get hidden in the error messages). The following command works: find -name 'myfile.*' |& grep -v "Permission denied" I don't understand why the ampersand needs to be put into this command, would have expected this to work but it doesn't. find -name 'myfile.*' | grep -v "Permission denied" Please explain the meaning of the ampersand.

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• Grep through subdirectories

  - by Kathryn

  Add a string to a text file from terminal I've been looking at this thread. The solution (number 2, with ls | grep) works perfectly for files called .txt in the current directory. How about if I wanted to search through a directory and the subdirectories therein? For example, I have to search through a directory that has many subdirectories, and they have many subdirectories etc. I'm new to Linux sorry, so I'm not sure if this is the right place

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• Repercussions to sharing .bashrc across machines with Dropbox?

  - by Alan Peabody

  I work on a lot of different machines, all running Ubuntu (not always the same version). I have some really basic customizations to my prompt I would like to have available on all machines. I currently use Dropbox and store all my other "dot files" there, such as my .vim/ .vimrc .gitconfig .ackrc. I then just link them to my home folder from my Dropbox folder. Voilà, all machines in sync. I am unsure what the repercussions of doing something like this with my bashrc is. Can any one offer suggestions? Maybe an easy way to load a separate file in the bashrc?

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• how to dbkg-preconfigure login manager

  - by Josh

  I've written a script that installs several desktops with a menu loop. I have also redirecteed the output to /dev/null, Now every Time when it comes to dpk login manager selection the script doesn't continue. What could I du to preconfigure the login mangager that should be choosen. How do the lines for dpkg preconfigure look for lightdm gdm Kdm mdm debconf-set-selections <<< ' ' would be grate, too. Thank you folks!

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• Environmental Variable for current domain

  - by Krzysztof Goszka

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop edition I want to use environmental variable for currently joined domain just like i use $USER to bring current user. From what i read there are few variables for that but none seem to work for me. I also cannot see those variables as active when i type env command. I would appreciate a solution on how to enable that variable or how to make my own variable by pulling current domain name from the system somehow.

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• How to grep 2 or 3 lines, one containing the text I want, and the others just below it?

  - by Kaustubh P

  This is a snapshot of error log: 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: clean connection shutdown; reason: Attempt to use closed channel at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.ensureIsOpen(AMQChannel.java:195) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.rpc(AMQChannel.java:222) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.rpc(AMQChannel.java:208) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.AMQChannel.exnWrappingRpc(AMQChannel.java:139) at com.rabbitmq.client.impl.ChannelN.basicGet(ChannelN.java:645) I do the following command: cat foo.log | grep ERROR to get an OP as: 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message What command should I execute to get the output as 06:16:29,933 ERROR EmailRMManager$:45 - Exception In get Message com.rabbitmq.client.AlreadyClosedException: clean connection shutdown; reason: Attempt to use closed channel ie, also grep the line(s) after the pattern?

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• How to detect image dimensions and run commands on them?

  - by Jon

  I have a directory full of images, some of which are portrait-sized instead of landscape-sized, and I want to open the portrait-sized ones with an image editor. I can run the imagemagick command identify and I get an output like something.jpg JPEG 1920x1255 1920x1255+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 159KB 0.000u 0:00.000. How can I have a script interpret this output, i.e. decide which is bigger, the 1920 or the 1255, and then run a command on it if it is?

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• Terminal exits program before able to accept Hashcat EULA

  - by Fluffaduff

  I'm trying to play around with hashcat,just using the examples included with the program, but before the command can run it requires me to accept the EULA. Instead of me being able to enter 'YES', the terminal appears to end the process immediately. Whenever I try to accept the EULA I get the expected 'YES: Command not found.' I don't think I'm using the command wrong, but I also don't know whats happening. http://i.imgur.com/ClloeK6.png

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• download file from web source, selectively

  - by KILL3RTACO

  If anyone has heard of Bukkit, you know that their files are usually of three types: Development, Beta, and Realease. Click (here) for examples. I need a script that: Loops through the directory Gets the latest Stable version (probably just as simple as looking at the version number as they have a simple naming convention, each stable version is succeeded by -Rx.0, while developmental and beta versions are succeeded by -Rx.x) After that I know I'll need to use wget to download the file. Note: If your just going to post code, at least tell me what it does so I can use it later if I need to

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• Preventing Users/Groups from accessing certain Domains

  - by ncphillips

  I have created a Study account which I use when doing anything school related work. It's purpose is to remove the distractions of my normal account, such as social media and news websites. I know /etc/hosts can be edited to block certain domains from being accessed, but this is for all Users, and I don't want to have to switch in and out of Admin to change it every time I want to focus. Is there any way to block these domains for specific Users or Groups?

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• find grep pipe and ampersand

  - by HKK

  I am using cygwin to find a file on the cygdrive. However I need to suppress the permission denied messages (otherwise the results get hidden in the error messages). The following command works: find -name 'myfile.*' |& grep -v "Permission denied" I don't understand why the ampersand needs to be put into this command, would have expected this to work but it doesn't. find -name 'myfile.*' | grep -v "Permission denied" Please explain the meaning of the ampersand.

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• Effective handling of variables in non-object oriented programming

  - by srnka

  What is the best method to use and share variables between functions in non object-oriented program languages? Let's say that I use 10 parameters from DB, ID and 9 other values linked to it. I need to work with all 10 parameters in many functions. I can do it next ways: 1. call functions only with using ID and in every function get the other parameters from DB. Advantage: local variables are clear visible, there is only one input parameter to function Disadvantage: it's slow and there are the same rows for getting parameters in every function, which makes function longer and not so clear 2. call functions with all 10 parameters Advantage: working with local variables, clear function code Disadvantage: many input parameters, what is not nice 3. getting parameters as global variables once and using them everywhere Advantage - clearer code, shorter functions, faster processing Disadvantage - global variables - loosing control of them, possibility of unwanted overwriting (Especially when some functions should change their values) Maybe there is some another way how to implement this and make program cleaner and more effective. Can you say which way is the best for solving this issue?

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• How to save terminal history manually?

  - by wim

  It's my understanding that the history file is updated when the terminal exits. But sometimes my computer crashes out, and the terminal doesn't exit cleanly, and then I lose those commands from my history which is annoying. How can I make it flush immediately, so that the entries still go there even if my computer has a meltdown? At the moment I'm using this workaround, but I feel there should be a better way. I'm using gnome-terminal on Ubuntu 12.10.

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• How to pass results of bc to a variable

  - by shaolin

  I'm writing a script and I would like to pass the results from bc into a variable. I've declared 2 variables (var1 and var2) and have given them values. In my script I want to pass the results from bc into another variable say var3 so that I can work with var3 for other calculations. So far I have been able write the result to a file which is not what I'm looking for and also I've been able to echo the result in the terminal but I just want to pass the result to a variable at moment so that I can work with that variable. echo "scale=2;$var1/var2" | bc

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• How do I change my PYTHONPATH to make 3,2 my default Python instead of 2.7.2?

  - by max

  I have python3.2 located in /usr/lib/python3.2. I am not sure if that means it's installed but I assume it is for now. Some facts about my system: $ which python /usr/local/bin/python When I type python in terminal I get the following $ python Python 2.7.2 (default, Dec 19 2011, 11:12:13) [GCC 4.4.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. Then to find the path I do >>> sys.info >>> sys.path ['', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.0.2-py2.7.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PIL-1.1.7-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg', '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages'] So knowing all of this, how do I change my default system python from 2.7.2 to 3.2?

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• How to move only a specific amount of images from a folder

  - by Luis Alvarado

  I have a folder that has 200.000 images. I want to do the following: Move an X amount of images (50 images, 100 images, 200 images) from that folder to Y folder. Each Y folder can be a number (Folder 1, Folder 2, Folder 3...). The end result might look like this: Folder 1 (Has X amount of images) Folder 2 (Has X amount of images) Folder 3 (Has X amount of images) Folder 4 (Has X amount of images)

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• Creating basic ACPI event makes the system unusably slow

  - by skerit

  I want to change a few settings on my laptop when I switch to battery power. I created a new event in /etc/acpi/events/cust-battery and it looks like this: event=battery action=/home/skerit/power.sh I put a simple command in the power.sh file: echo This is a test >> /home/skerit/powertest Now, when I tail this file it shows "This is a test" 4-5 times upon switching to battery power. However, the system becomes totally unstable. It slows down significantly. I can't change anything in the terminal. The terminal and certain parts of the screen (like the gnome system monitor applet) go blank from time to time. What can be the cause of that? It's a simple echo that gets executed a few times!

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• ERROR CHECKING !!

  - by moata_u

  am trying catch any error when run command in order to write an log file / report i was trying write this code : FUNCTION FOR VALIDATION function valid (){ if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$var1" ": status : OK" else echo "$var1" ": status : ERROR" fi COMMAND FUNCTION function save(){ sed -i "/:@/c connection.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@$ip:1521:$dataBase" $search var1="adding database ip" valid $var1 sed -i "/connection.username/c connection.username=$name" #$search retval=$? var1="addning database SID" valid $var1 $retval } save OUTPUT adding database ip : status : OK sed: no input file i want out put in this way: adding database ip : status : OK sed: no input file : status : ERROR" (OR) adding database ip : status : OK addning database SID : status : ERROR" I was tried toooo much but not working with me :(((

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• Command to determine whether a fullscreen application is running?

  - by George Edison

  I have a small shell script that plays a little jingle and displays a notification whenever I get a new email. The problem is that this shell script can get invoked anytime - including when I'm watching a DVD / video in fullscreen mode with the sound turned up quite a bit - which is quite annoying. I'd like to enhance this script with the ability to detect whether an application is in fullscreen mode. I know this must be somehow possible because notifications don't display under those circumstances. What command can I use?

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• Chef bash resource not executing as specified user

  - by Arthur Maltson

  I'm writing a Chef cookbook to install Hubot. In the recipe, I do the following: bash "install hubot" do user hubot_user group hubot_group cwd install_dir code <<-EOH wget https://github.com/downloads/github/hubot/hubot-#{node['hubot']['version']}.tar.gz && \ tar xzvf hubot-#{node['hubot']['version']}.tar.gz && \ cd hubot && \ npm install EOH end However, when I try to run chef-client on the server installing the cookbook, I'm getting a permission denied writing to the directory of the user that runs chef-client, not the hubot user. For some reason, npm is trying to run under the wrong user, not the user specified in the bash resource. I am able to run sudo su - hubot -c "npm install /usr/local/hubot/hubot" manually, and this gets the result I want (installs hubot as the hubot user). However, it seems chef-client isn't executing the command as the hubot user. Below you'll find the chef-client execution. Thank you in advance. Saving to: `hubot-2.1.0.tar.gz' 0K ...... 100% 563K=0.01s 2012-01-23 12:32:55 (563 KB/s) - `hubot-2.1.0.tar.gz' saved [7115/7115] npm ERR! Could not create /home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log/1.2.0/package.tgz npm ERR! Failed creating the tarball. npm ERR! couldn't pack /tmp/npm-1327339976597/1327339976597-0.13104878342710435/contents/package to /home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log/1.2.0/package.tgz npm ERR! error installing [email protected] Error: EACCES, permission denied '/home/<user-chef-client-uses>/.npm/log' ... npm not ok ---- End output of "bash" "/tmp/chef-script20120123-25024-u9nps2-0" ---- Ran "bash" "/tmp/chef-script20120123-25024-u9nps2-0" returned 1

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• Why isn't .profile sourced on login to LXDE?

  - by papukaija

  I switched recently from GNOME to LXDE and since then my .profile file hasn't been sourced on login. I found out that my PATH variable doesn't include ~/bin anymore. However, my .profile file includes PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" while PATH's content is /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games. Is it intended that LXDE doesn't read this file on login? If yes, what file should I use to add the bin folder to the PATH variable? If not, to what package should I report a bug?

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• Converting Celsius Processor Temperature to Fahrenheit

  - by WindowsEscapist

  I'm editing a Conky theme. I would like it to output the processor temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius. In the ~/.conkyrc file, the command sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19 is used to find the temperature in Celsius for the first processor core. I want to use bc to compute this (give it outputvalue*9/5+32). Problem is, bc wants just absolute values, and I see no way to pass it program output. If I try to use something like temp=$(sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19) & echo 'temp*9/5+32' | bc, it ends up giving me 32 because it registers "temp" as a 0.

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• Attempting to GREP details of a Java error

  - by BOMEz

  I'm running Ubuntu 11 and I'm having some issues with grep. I have a shell script (see below) which essentially checks if a certain Java program of mine is running, if not it runs it. That part works out great! If my Java application throws any kind of exception however I would like to capture that information and email it to myself. How can I go about checking to see if the call to java -jar /bin/MyApp.jar fails? I tried piping it to grep, but that doesn't seem to work. Below is the full script that I've written: #Check if MyApp.jar is running, if not run it. if [ $(ps aux | grep 'java' | grep -v grep | wc -l | tr -s "\n") -eq 0 ] then echo "PacketCapture Starting...\n" java -jar /bin/MyApp.jar echo "PacketCapture Started.\n" else echo "PacketCapture already running.\n" fi

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