Fast multi-window rendering with C#
- by seb
I've been searching and testing different kind of rendering libraries for C# days for many weeks now. So far I haven't found a single library that works well on multi-windowed rendering setups. The requirement is to be able to run the program on 12+ monitor setups (financial charting) without latencies on a fast computer. Each window needs to update multiple times every second. While doing this CPU needs to do lots of intensive and time critical tasks so some of the burden has to be shifted to GPUs. That's where hardware rendering steps in, in another words DirectX or OpenGL.
I have tried GDI+ with windows forms and figured it's way too slow for my needs. I have tried OpenGL via OpenTK (on windows forms control) which seemed decently quick (I still have some tests to run on it) but painfully difficult to get working properly (hard to find/program good text rendering libraries). Recently I tried DirectX9, DirectX10 and Direct2D with Windows forms via SharpDX. I tried a separate device for each window and a single device/multiple swap chains approaches. All of these resulted in very poor performance on multiple windows. For example if I set target FPS to 20 and open 4 full screen windows on different monitors the whole operating system starts lagging very badly. Rendering is simply clearing the screen to black, no primitives rendered. CPU usage on this test was about 0% and GPU usage about 10%, I don't understand what is the bottleneck here? My development computer is very fast, i7 2700k, AMD HD7900, 16GB ram so the tests should definitely run on this one.
In comparison I did some DirectX9 tests on C++/Win32 API one device/multiple swap chains and I could open 100 windows spread all over the 4-monitor workspace (with 3d teapot rotating on them) and still had perfectly responsible operating system (fps was dropping of course on the rendering windows quite badly to around 5 which is what I would expect running 100 simultaneous renderings).
Does anyone know any good ways to do multi-windowed rendering on C# or am I forced to re-write my program in C++ to get that performance (major pain)? I guess I'm giving OpenGL another shot before I go the C++ route... I'll report any findings here.
Test methods for reference:
For C# DirectX one-device multiple swapchain test I used the method from this excellent answer:
Display Different images per monitor directX 10
Direct3D10 version:
I created the d3d10device and DXGIFactory like this:
D3DDev = new SharpDX.Direct3D10.Device(SharpDX.Direct3D10.DriverType.Hardware,
SharpDX.Direct3D10.DeviceCreationFlags.None);
DXGIFac = new SharpDX.DXGI.Factory();
Then initialized the rendering windows like this:
var scd = new SwapChainDescription();
scd.BufferCount = 1;
scd.ModeDescription = new ModeDescription(control.Width, control.Height,
new Rational(60, 1), Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm);
scd.IsWindowed = true;
scd.OutputHandle = control.Handle;
scd.SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0);
scd.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
scd.Usage = Usage.RenderTargetOutput;
SC = new SwapChain(Parent.DXGIFac, Parent.D3DDev, scd);
var backBuffer = Texture2D.FromSwapChain<Texture2D>(SC, 0);
_rt = new RenderTargetView(Parent.D3DDev, backBuffer);
Drawing command executed on each rendering iteration is simply:
Parent.D3DDev.ClearRenderTargetView(_rt, new Color4(0, 0, 0, 0));
SC.Present(0, SharpDX.DXGI.PresentFlags.None);
DirectX9 version is very similar:
Device initialization:
PresentParameters par = new PresentParameters();
par.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.Immediate;
par.Windowed = true;
par.SwapEffect = SharpDX.Direct3D9.SwapEffect.Discard;
par.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.Immediate;
par.AutoDepthStencilFormat = SharpDX.Direct3D9.Format.D16;
par.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
par.BackBufferFormat = SharpDX.Direct3D9.Format.X8R8G8B8;
// firsthandle is the handle of first rendering window
D3DDev = new SharpDX.Direct3D9.Device(new Direct3D(), 0, DeviceType.Hardware, firsthandle,
CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, par);
Rendering window initialization:
if (parent.D3DDev.SwapChainCount == 0)
{
SC = parent.D3DDev.GetSwapChain(0);
}
else
{
PresentParameters pp = new PresentParameters();
pp.Windowed = true;
pp.SwapEffect = SharpDX.Direct3D9.SwapEffect.Discard;
pp.BackBufferFormat = SharpDX.Direct3D9.Format.X8R8G8B8;
pp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
pp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = SharpDX.Direct3D9.Format.D16;
pp.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.Immediate;
SC = new SharpDX.Direct3D9.SwapChain(parent.D3DDev, pp);
}
Code for drawing loop:
SharpDX.Direct3D9.Surface bb = SC.GetBackBuffer(0);
Parent.D3DDev.SetRenderTarget(0, bb);
Parent.D3DDev.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.Black, 1f, 0);
SC.Present(Present.None, new SharpDX.Rectangle(), new SharpDX.Rectangle(), HWND);
bb.Dispose();
C++ DirectX9/Win32 API test with multiple swapchains and one device code is here:
http://pastebin.com/tjnRvATJ
It's a modified version from Kevin Harris's nice example code.
