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• Advice for an EC2 Architecture and Deployment Strategy

  - by Mark

  My company is currently migrating several websites and PHP web applications (standard LAMP stack) from three in-house servers to Amazon EC2. Because we had only three servers, we clustered several low-traffic websites with perhaps one high-traffic web application, and served them from the same server. The server admin has pretty much copied the previous architecture wholesale onto the EC2 instances, simply upping the instance size to account for the highest traffic client that occupies that particular instance. This architecture might be okay if it wasn't for deployment. Any time one of these sites/apps changes, it means redeploying the entire instance, along with the 30 sites/apps it hosts, instead of just updating one. How can we architect our cloud in a more modular fashion? Should each app get its own appropriately-sized instance? What is the best strategy for deployment in this type of situation?

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• Autopower on (Lenovo R400)

  - by Mark

  I have a Lenovo R400, Every time I shut it down, it restarts itself after a second. It is completely off and after a couple of seconds it automatically power on itself What is wrong with it? Is it a Bios problem?

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• windows 8 on macbook locks after 2 mins despite high performance settings

  - by Mark

  I am running my Macbook Prop as a Windows 8 machine using bootcamp and for some reason, when I leave the keyboard/mouse alone for 2 mins it locks the PC (i.e. goes to the lock screen). I have (of course) checked the power settings and I can assure you that it is not set to these settings. I did notice that when I added my work's Mail Account the computer asked me to accept some group policy settings, which I did, so I suspect that this is a group policy setting, but I cannot find it. Can someone help? P.S. I have searched these forums first, and this is different to the PC going to sleep once locked, this is locking while logged in after 2 mins. Thanks.

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• Nginx return 444 depending on upstream response code

  - by Mark

  I have nginx setup to pass to an upstream using proxy pass. The upstream is written to return a 502 http response on certain requests, rather then returning the 502 with all the header I would like nginx to recoginse this and return 444 so nothing is returned. Is this possible? I also tried to return 444 on any 50x error but it doesn't work either. location / { return 444; } location ^~ /service/v1/ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3333; proxy_next_upstream error timeout http_502; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; } location = /50x.html { return 444; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { return 444; }

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• How can I generate filesystem images that are usable on many different virtualization systems?

  - by Mark Longair

  I have written a script that generates a root filesystem image (based on Debian lenny) suitable for User-Mode Linux. (Essentially this script creates a filesystem image, mounts it with a loop device, uses debootstrap to create a lenny install, sets up a static IP for TUN/TAP networking, adds public keys for login by SSH and installs a web application.) These filesystem images work pretty well with UML, but it would be nice to be able to generate similar images that people can use on alternative virtualization software, and I'm not familiar with these options at all. In particular, since the idea is to use this image as a standalone server for testing the web application, it's important that the networking works. I wonder if anyone can suggest what would be involved in customizing such root filesystem images such that they could be used with other virtualization software, such as VMware, Xen or as an Amazon EC2 instance? Two particular concerns are: If such systems don't use a raw filesystem image (e.g. they need headers with metadata or are compressed in some particular way) do there exist tools to convert between the different formats? I assume that in the filesystem, at least /etc/network/interfaces will have to be customized, but are more involved changes likely to be necessary? Many thanks for any suggestions...

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• How do I know if my disks are being hit with too much IO reads or writes or both?

  - by Mark F

  Hi All, So I know a bit about disk I/O and bottlenecks relating to this especially when relating to databases. But how do I really know what the max IO numbers will be for my disks? What metric might be available to me for working out roughly (but needs to be a good approximation) of how much capacity (if you will) have I got left available in I/O. I've seen it before where things are bubbling along nicely and then all of a sudden, everything screams to a halt, and it ends up being an IO bound problem. Is there a better way to predict when IO is reaching its limits? This article was interesting but not giving the answer I desire. "http://serverfault.com/questions/61510/linux-how-can-i-see-whats-waiting-for-disk-io". So is my best bet surrounding just looking at 'CPU IO WAIT'? There must be a more reactive method for this? Best, M

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• Hyper-V can't connect from host to guest via RDC

  - by Mark

  As the title describes I would like to connect via Remote Desktop Connection to my VM. I want to use it as a Dev-machine and therefore would like to work full screen, as far as I understand RDC is the way to go. I have created an internal network connection within Hyper-V, assigned it to my VM, set a static IP/Subnet on guest (Win7 Pro) and host(Win8.1 Enterprise). It worked good for the first couple of times but now it seems to be broken or I have to do odd enable/disable network connection "dances" to get it running. Ping also doesn't work always so it does seem as if the guest and host would be "disconnected".. Is there something I can do so that the network connection always will be established?

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• Create DFS replica from a NAS drive

  - by Mark

  We have two offices, at two different locations. In one we have a NAS, with some shares. We also have a Domain Controller using Windows 2003 R2. We have setup a second Domain Controller using Windows 2003 R2 to put that in the second office. What we would also like is to replicate the NAS drive onto the second Domain Controller so in the second office they have a local copy, and that their changes are replicated back to the NAS. Is there a way to setup DFS replication to do this? Or will it only work with local folders on each Server? Update 1 Sept Base on the answer below, I think I need to add some clarification. The real issue is that the NAS which hosts the shared folder that we want to replicate is external to both servers. And we have a particular share mapped to say S: . In the replication setup it doesnt seem to accept network shares external to the server to be candidates for replication. I can understand why, I just need confirmation that DFSR will only work with block devices that are local on at least one server. Is this the case?

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• After deleting log files, Ubuntu server still saying there is no space

  - by Mark

  My Ubuntu server has stopped due to a lack of disk space. I deleted some log files which has grown huge very quickly. But df -h still shows I have no space left. When I run du -sh /* I can see that I should have plenty of disk space left after deleting the logs. I ran lsof +L1 and it brought up two files: /var/log/mail.log and /var/log/mail.err. These are two logs I had deleted. I restarted apache, postfix and mysql (mysql wont restart because of lack of disk space, it think) but still df -h shows no space.

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• How can I identify a mystery tray icon in Windows 7?

  - by Mark

  A new icon has appeared in my tray in Windows 7 recently - a black square with a white A in it: It doesn't have any tooltip or right-click context menu so I haven't been able to identify which process it belongs to. I tried using the "Find Window's Process" tool in Process Explorer but that won't identify individual tray icons. Short of killing processes until it disappears, is there a good way to identify which process this icon belongs to?

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• Hosting solution for sensitive client data

  - by Mark

  Hello, We are developing a web application that will deal with highly sensitive (financial) data of clients (audience is medium to large sized businesses). Clients will be under scrutiny from regulators & auditors and, as such, we will be too. More importantly to give clients a level of comfort our application and related hosting arrangement should instill a lot of confidence with them. We are looking into using a cloud based service like Linode, Amazon EC2, etc. To allow for maximum flexibility We are keen on putting everything on virtual servers and avoiding having to buy our own hardware. Does a cloud based service make sense for our particular scenario? If not what type of hosting should we consider? If so what should we look out for? Thanks!

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• Let varnish send old data from cache while it's fetching a new one?

  - by mark

  I'm caching dynamically generated pages (PHP-FPM, NGINX) and have varnish in front of them, this works very well. However, once the cache timeout is reached, I see this: new client requests page varnish recognizes the cache timeout client waits varnish fetches new page from backend varnish delivers new page to the client (and has page cached, too, for the next request which gets it instantly) What I would like to do is: client requests page varnish recognizes the timeout varnish delivers old page to the client varnish fetches new page from backend and puts it into the cache In my case it's not site where outdated information is such a big problem, especially not when we're talking about cache timeout from a few minutes. However, I don't want punish user to wait in line and rather deliver something immediate. Is that possible in some way? To illustrate, here's a sample output of running siege 5 minutes against my server which was configured to cache for one minute: HTTP/1.1,200, 1.97, 12710,/,1,2013-06-24 00:21:06 ... HTTP/1.1,200, 1.88, 12710,/,1,2013-06-24 00:21:20 ... HTTP/1.1,200, 1.93, 12710,/,1,2013-06-24 00:22:08 ... HTTP/1.1,200, 1.89, 12710,/,1,2013-06-24 00:22:22 ... HTTP/1.1,200, 1.94, 12710,/,1,2013-06-24 00:23:10 ... HTTP/1.1,200, 1.91, 12709,/,1,2013-06-24 00:23:23 ... HTTP/1.1,200, 1.93, 12710,/,1,2013-06-24 00:24:12 ... I left out the hundreds of requests running in 0.02 or so. But it still concerns me that there are going to be users having to wait almost 2 seconds for their raw HTML. Can't we do any better here? (I came across Varnish send while cache , it sounded similar but not exactly what I'm trying to do.)

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• How to increase the disk cache of Windows 7

  - by Mark Christiaens

  Under Windows 7 (64 bit), I'm reading through 9000 moderately sized files. In total, there is more than 200 MB of data. Using Java (JDK 1.6.21) I'm iterating over the files. The first 1400 or so go at full speed but then speed drops off to 4ms per file. It turns out that the main cost is incurred simply by opening the files. I'm opening the files using new FileInputStream (and of course closing them in time to avoid file leaks). After some investigating, I see that Windows' disk cache is using only 100 MB or so of RAM although I have 8 GiB available. I've tried increasing the cache size using the CacheSet tool but any values I provide are considered out of range. I've also tried enabling the LargeSystemCache registry key but (after rebooting) the CacheSet tool still indicates I'm using 100 MB of cache (and doesn't increase during the test run). Does anybody have any suggestions to "encourage" Windows 7 to cache my 9000 files?

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• What are some "must have" Mac OS X programs?

  - by Mark

  What 3rd party software is essential on Mac OS X? What would you install immediately once you purchase a Mac? One piece of software per answer please.

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• Can I rent exclusive time on a powerful server running linux? [closed]

  - by Mark Borgerding

  My company is involved in a proposal that requires speed estimates of our software on a server with the latest & greatest processors. This is not the first time we've been in this situation. The servers themselves are too expensive to buy a new one every time, so we end up extrapolating from what we have. There are so many variables: processor generation & speed, memory speed, memory channels, cache configurations; it makes extrapolation difficult and error-prone. Is there a business that rents time on the newest servers? At least part of the time we'd need exclusive access to an otherwise quiescent system either via ssh shell access or unattended batch jobs. I am not looking for general cloud computing services. I don't need much time on the server, but it needs to be exclusive. And the server needs to be pretty cutting edge for a solid basis of estimate.

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• Why is Outlook deleting messages as soon as I click on the folder?

  - by Mark

  I have three issues...I'm using Outlook 2003 on exchange. 1) My email stopped storing messages in sent items 2) When I click on sent items all of the old items that were stored before this problem started occurring do not appear arranged by date, it keeps changing back to arranged by "To". 3) When I click on the deleted items folder it clears the folder immediately without my telling it to. Help

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• Extract structured data from many MS Word files

  - by Mark

  I have ~160 MS Word files that contain structured data. The data is formatted identically across all files and resides in a tabular format. I'd like to extract the data into a database, XML or just an aggregate table without opening each of the files independently. Is there a tool or method I can use to extract this data?

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• In Excel how can I sum all the numbers above the current cell?

  - by Mark Meuer

  I want to have a column in Excel that consists of a header, a bunch of numbers, and then have the sum of those numbers at the bottom. I'd like the sum to adapt to the insertion of new numbers above the total. Something like this: Numbers 1 2 5 10 18 Total If I later insert 10 new numbers in the middle of the list, I want the sum to automatically include them. I know the SUM() function can sum a whole column, but if the total is also in that column then it complains about a circular reference. How can I just sum the numbers above the total?

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• Windows xp keeps rebooting itself every morning at 8am?

  - by mark

  Hi, I've got windows xp sp3. It seems to restart itself every morning at 8am (judging by the windows logs, I can see all apps log a startup at 8am every day). Whenever I get to the machine in the morning (around 9 am) I see it's rebooted. I've checked that automatic updates are off, and that the power management settings are set to "always on". I'm not sure what else could be causing the machine to reboot, not sure where to start looking. Any ideas? Thanks ---------- update ---------------- Just looking at the Event Viewer, I see a log message at 8:00:47am every day, which looks like a reboot log statement: Microsoft (R) Windows (R) 5.01.2600 Service Pack 3 Multiprocessor Free. For more information, see Help and Support Center at ...

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• How to effectively secure a dedicated server for intranet use?

  - by Mark

  I need to secure a dedicated server for intranet use, the server is managed so will have software based security, but what other security should be considered for enterprise level security? The intranet is a host for an ECM (Alfresco) managing and storing sensitive documents. As the information is sensitive we are trying to make it as secure as reasonably possible (requirement in UK law). We plan to encrypt the data on the database. It will be connected to via SSL encryption. Should we consider Hardware firewall, Private lan between the application server and database server?

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• Tunnell network requests with Windows 7

  - by mark

  I've Windows 7 64bit Pro client in a private LAN behind a Netgear wgr614v7 router. I've also a remote Debian server machine outside. I'd like to tunnel all (or specified ports/protocols) over this outside server, so when I'm on the Windows machine and I request serverfault.com it would not appear from the wgr614v7 public IP but from the server. But it's not only about HTTP traffic, it's basically about everything I'd like to: other TCP ports, even UDP, etc. It must be transparent to the application, e.g. they shouldn't be aware of this. All their requests just appear as being from the server and the tunnel between them takes care about the packets. I'm aware of e.g. Putty and forwarding individual ports or using it as a socks proxy, however not many applications to support this and the support in windows itself looks non-existent to me. I might add it should be something "reasonable" easy to set up. I've heard about PPTP but I'm unsure about it's security implications (by design). Should I go for VPN? There seem to be two common solutions for Linux (OpenSwan and StrongSwan), why would I pick the one over the other? I also fear that setting up a VPN might be quite complex, OTOH maybe it's the only sane way to do the things right? Or is OpenVPN sufficient? I'm seeking for open (source) solutions, what other options to I have or which direction should I head to?

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• Blank screen on laptop after replacement

  - by Mark

  I have an Acer Aspire 5332 laptop, running Windows 7 home premium 32bit. My screen broke, but the particular screen (LED) are no longer made so I bought a CCFL one with a new converter which has proven to be compatible according to the supplier. When I first booted the screen went blank just after the Windows logo was displayed. I suspected a driver issue, so booted in safe mode without any problems, disabled the display adapter (Intel 4 series express family) and it booted up fine. So I guess the screen is not compatible with the display adapter. The driver version is 8.15.10.1892. I tried updating from the Intel site, but it saying it cannot (something to do with manufacturer specific). The supplier is not willing to take it back, so I'm down £60 (UK). I can use it with the adapter disabled, but the quality is bad and I cannnot play video, etc. Any help appreciated.

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• High system cpu load (%sys), system locks

  - by Mark

  For the last two weeks we are having intermittent severe spikes in system cpu usage (shown as %sys), which last for maybe half a minute, locking most processes, including ssh. I've been trying to figure this out, but atop doesn't show anything relevant (system usage for processes it shows is insignificant), spikes are intermittent and I could not reproduce the spike using any workload for the web application this webserver hosts. If you have any ideas on how to debug high %sys and (sometimes) %si CPU usage, please share them. System specs (don't know if any of this is relevant): Dedicated server, CentOS 6, core i7 950, consistent 4 to 8 GB RAM free at any time, hard drives are in RAID-1. Additional info: dmesg output doesn't change between spikes /var/log/messages doesn't change between spikes Here is cat /proc/vmstat Here is output of mpstat 1 during a typical spike Add 07.11.11: looks like simple reboot restored system state, and we might never know what caused the disturbance in first place.

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• Outlook: Automatically set from address when replying

  - by mark

  I have a dozen forwarders sending into a gmail account, I have outlook setup using imap but when I reply I don't want it sending from the Gmail address, instead I want it to come from one of the addresses it was forwarded to. I know I can set the from address manually by accessing the email's options when writing a new email, but this is going to be forgotten by the users and they are bound to mess it up, I need a way that I can send as some of the forwarded addresses automatically, any ideas?

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• Best way to administer a website remotely

  - by Mark Szymanski

  I have a Windows computer running an intranet website with IIS and I was wondering what the best way was to administer it from another computer, in this case, a Mac. What I want to do: Be able to edit pages from my Mac. VNC into the server because it is 'headless'. (Already have this set up) My current file syncing setup: I have Dropbox setup to sync files between the computers and then use PureSync to sync the files in the Dropbox folder into the wwwroot folder. Is there a better (faster/easier) way I could do all this? Thanks in advance!

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