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  • Getting a TTY in a Connectback Shell

    - by Asad R.
    I'm often asked by friends to help with small Linux problems, and more often than not I'm required to login to the remote system. Usually there are a lot of issues with making an account and logging in (sometimes the box is behind a NAT device, sometimes SSHD isn't installed, etc.) so I usually just ask them to make a connect-back shell using netcat (nc -e /bin/bash ). If they don't have netcat I can just ask them to grab a copy of a statically compiled binary which isn't that hard or time consuming to download and run. Though this works well enough for me to enter simple commands, I can't run any apps that require a tty (vi, for example) and can't use any job control functions. I managed to bypass this issue by running in.telnetd with a few arguments within the connect-back shell that would assign me a terminal and drop me to a shell. Unfortunately in.telnetd isn't usually installed by default on most systems. What's the easiest way to get a fully functional connect-back terminal shell without requiring any non-standard packages? (A small C program that does the job would be fine as well, I just can't seem to find much documentation on how a TTY is assigned/allocated. A solution that doesn't require me to plough through the source code for SSHD and TELNETD would be nice :))

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  • Windows Server 2003 DHCP not handing out IPs

    - by SnOrfus
    I'm trying to setup a home server (to tinker with) as a domain controller. I've setup the domain and I've installed DHCP and setup a scope without any exclusions (with the default range of 192.168.0.1-254). My client machine is a Windows 7 (RC) machine and it has a connection but can't get an IP address. Even if I try setting the IP to a static 192.168.0.2 and there is still no connectivity. I can ping it from the server, but pinging the server from the client just times out. The only thing between the server and the client is a 24 port switch (D-Link DES-1024D). edit Ok, it turned out that the interfaces were setup backwards in the NAT settings (the internal nic connection was set to public and the external nic connection was set to private). I changed this and all was OK.... sort-of. Problem is now: If I set a static ip on the client (where I am typing this from) all is fine. BUT; when I set it to get it from DHCP, I get a correct IP from the server (192.168.0.2) but there is no internet on the client; but I can still ping the server fine from the client (which makes sense cause I was able to get an IP from it). edit I ended up just removing the Routing and DHCP server roles and just going with ICS for the time being until I get my hands on some better learning tools.

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  • using pf for packet filtering and ipfw's dummynet for bandwidth limiting at the same time

    - by krdx
    I would like to ask if it's fine to use pf for all packet filtering (including using altq for traffic shaping) and ipfw's dummynet for bandwidth limiting certain IPs or subnets at the same time. I am using FreeBSD 10 and I couldn't find a definitive answer to this. Googling returns such results as: It works It doesn't work Might work but it's not stable and not recommended It can work as long as you load the kernel modules in the right order It used to work but with recent FreeBSD versions it doesn't You can make it work provided you use a patch from pfsense Then there's a mention that this patch might had been merged back to FreeBSD, but I can't find it. One certain thing is that pfsense uses both firewalls simultaneously so the question is, is it possible with stock FreeBSD 10 (and where to obtain the patch if it's still necessary). For reference here's a sample of what I have for now and how I load things /etc/rc.conf ifconfig_vtnet0="inet 80.224.45.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 -rxcsum -txcsum" ifconfig_vtnet1="inet 10.20.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 -rxcsum -txcsum" defaultrouter="80.224.45.1" gateway_enable="YES" firewall_enable="YES" firewall_script="/etc/ipfw.rules" pf_enable="YES" pf_rules="/etc/pf.conf" /etc/pf.conf WAN1="vtnet0" LAN1="vtnet1" set skip on lo0 set block-policy return scrub on $WAN1 all fragment reassemble scrub on $LAN1 all fragment reassemble altq on $WAN1 hfsc bandwidth 30Mb queue { q_ssh, q_default } queue q_ssh bandwidth 10% priority 2 hfsc (upperlimit 99%) queue q_default bandwidth 90% priority 1 hfsc (default upperlimit 99%) nat on $WAN1 from $LAN1:network to any -> ($WAN1) block in all block out all antispoof quick for $WAN1 antispoof quick for $LAN1 pass in on $WAN1 inet proto icmp from any to $WAN1 keep state pass in on $WAN1 proto tcp from any to $WAN1 port www pass in on $WAN1 proto tcp from any to $WAN1 port ssh pass out quick on $WAN1 proto tcp from $WAN1 to any port ssh queue q_ssh keep state pass out on $WAN1 keep state pass in on $LAN1 from $LAN1:network to any keep state /etc/ipfw.rules ipfw -q -f flush ipfw -q add 65534 allow all from any to any ipfw -q pipe 1 config bw 2048KBit/s ipfw -q pipe 2 config bw 2048KBit/s ipfw -q add pipe 1 ip from any to 10.20.20.4 via vtnet1 out ipfw -q add pipe 2 ip from 10.20.20.4 to any via vtnet1 in

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  • ssh keys rejected each day

    - by EddyR
    I've had OpenSSH server running on my debian server for a couple weeks and all of a sudden now when I go to login the next day it rejects my ssh key and I have to manually add a new one each time. Not only that but I have the "tunneling with clear-text passwords" option enabled and the non-root (login with root is disabled) account for that is rejected too. I'm at a loss why this is happening and I can't find any ssh options that would explain it. --update-- I just changed debug level to DEBUG. But before that I'm seeing a lot of the following in auth.log Feb 1 04:23:01 greenpages CRON[7213]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Feb 1 04:23:01 greenpages CRON[7213]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root ... Feb 1 04:36:26 greenpages sshd[7217]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for nat-pool-xx-xx-xx-xx.myinternet.net [xx.xx.xx.xx] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! ... Feb 1 04:37:31 greenpages sshd[7223]: Did not receive identification string from xx.xx.xx.xx ... My sshd_conf file settings are: # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd(8) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port xxx # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel DEBUG # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin no StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding no X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server UsePAM no ClientAliveInterval 60 AllowUsers myuser

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  • Issue resolving names on Hyper-V guest with Routing and Remote Access

    - by John Sheehan
    I've got a Win2k8 standard server running Hyper-V with a Server 2003 web guest instance running. The host is publicly available on the internet. I've created an Internal Private network in the Hyper-V Virtual Network manager. I've set the host IP for that virtual adapter to 192.168.0.1. I've set the IP on the guest to 192.168.0.2. They can ping each other and share files. I can't browse the web on the guest though. NSLOOKUPs are working. I've tried setting the DNS server setting on the guest to 192.168.0.1 and something external like Google's 8.8.8.8 server to no avail. Windows firewall is disabled on the internal virtual network. I've tried it with both DNS installed on the host and without it. I'm not sure which RRAS/NAT settings are relevant to pass on so ask if you need me to clarify anything. How do I get outbound internet working on the guest VM?

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  • Problem linking two Cisco routers with a static route

    - by Chris Kaczor
    I'm trying to link two Cisco routers with a static route and I haven't been able to get it working as expected. Here is the basic setup: Router 1 - WRV210 - 192.168.1.1 - connected to cable modem Router 2 - RV120W - 192.168.2.1 I already have several machines on Router 1 that are working and I want to setup Router 2 with a few other machines on the different subnet. Here is what I've configured: Connected the WAN port on Router 2 to a LAN port on Router 1 Configured Router 1 to give 192.168.1.2 to Router 2 via DHCP Configured Router 1 with a static route (192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0) to 192.168.1.2 using the LAN & Wireless interface Disabled the firewall on Router 2 (since it is covered by Router 1) Configured Router 2 to "Router" mode instead of "NAT" mode Configured Router 2 with a static route (192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0) to 192.168.1.1 using the WAN interface From the research I've done I think that should be enough but things aren't working exactly as expected: Router 2 can ping 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.101 (a machine on router 1) A machine on Router 2 can ping 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.101 (a machine on router 1) ping 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.101 (a machine on router 1) Router 1 can NOT ping 192.168.2.1 or 192.168.2.101 (a machine on router 2) A machine on Router 1 can NOT ping 192.168.2.1 or 192.168.2.101 (a machine on router 2) can NOT ping 192.168.2.1 or 192.168.2.101 (a machine on router 2) Router 1 and a machine on Router 1 can ping 192.168.1.2 (Router 2 itself) I'm confused as to why Router 1 cannot talk to the 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0 subnet. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Change the default route without affecting existing TCP connections

    - by Patrick Horn
    Let's say I have two public network addresses on my server: one NAT through an ISP (192.168.99.0/24), and a VPN through a different ISP (192.168.1.0/24), already configured with a per-host route to the VPN server through my ISP. Here is my initial routing table. I am currently routing through my ISP on subnet 192.168.99.0/24. $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.99.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 55.66.77.88 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 Now, I want new TCP connections to switch to my 192.168.1.0/24 so I type the following: $ route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 dev tap0 When I do this, it causes some long-standing TCP connections to hang. Is there a way to I safely change the default interface for new connections, while allowing existing TCP connections to use the old route (i.e. do I need enable some sort of stateful routing table)? I am okay with a solution that only works with established TCP connections, and I don't care how hacky it is. For example, if there is a way to add temporary iptables rules for existing connections to force them over the old route. But there has to be some way to do this. EDIT: Just a note about a simple "route add -host ... " for existing connections: this solution would work if I am fine with leaving a subset of IPs on the old interface. However, in my application, this actually doesn't solve my problem because I want to allow new connections to come on the new interface even if they have the same source IP. I'm now looking at using the "ip route" command to set source-based routing rules.

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  • iptables port forwarding works only for localhost

    - by Venki
    Below is my iptables config. I used this for my accessing a node js website running in port 9000 through port 80. This works fine only if access the website through local host / loop back. When I try to use the ip of eth0, which is assigned by my router through dcp. this does not work, when I use ip like 192.168.0.103 to access the website. I am not able to figure what is wrong here, Already burnt a day in this, still not able to figure out :( Edit: ( more information) Earlier, I was using this configuration to develop the website, i had configured the domain name to point to 127.0.0.1 in the /etc/hosts file. It was working fine, but now I am trying to deploy the website in a vps with static ip, This configuration does not work with both static IP. # redirect port 80 to port 9000 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [57:3896] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [4229:289686] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [4239:290286] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9000 -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9000 COMMIT # Allow HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites and SSL). -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 9000 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT

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  • Window 7 image in vmware will allow network connection out but not http

    - by Ormis
    I am currently trying to create a set of images to deploy on my network, but I've run in to a snag. When I create my own Windows 7 image I can successfully use NAT for connecting to the network but whenever I try to access a webpage I get nothing. To be more specific, All firewalls/iptables are disabled on my host machine, my virtual machine, and my network. I can do lookups and all addresses respond correctly (i'm even using Google's DNS). On the host OS i have full connectivity. On the virtual machine I can ping any device I want and all addresses resolve correctly. Within a browser I cannot reach any page via hostname or IP. I feel almost like port 80 is being blocked but i can't find any reason this would be the case. If anyone has had this occur before, I would love some insight to the problem. I understand this question is a bit out of the norm for stackoverflow, but I've run out of ideas. Thank you for any help you can provide.

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  • Overriding routes on Openvpn client, iproute, iptables2

    - by sarvavijJana
    I am looking for some way to route packets based on its destination ports switching regular internet connection and established openvpn tunnel. This is my configuration OpenVPN server ( I have no control over it ) OpenVPN client running ubuntu wlan0 192.168.1.111 - internet connected if Several routes applied on connection to openvpn from server: /sbin/route add -net 207.126.92.3 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 192.168.1.1 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 5.5.0.1 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 5.5.0.1 And I need to route packets regarding it's destination ports for ex: 80,443 into vpn everything else directly to isp connection 192.168.1.1 What i have used during my attempts: iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -p tcp -m multiport ! --dports 80,443 -j MARK --set-xmark 0x1/0xffffffff ip rule add fwmark 0x1 table 100 ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 table 100 I was trying to apply this settings using up/down options of openvpn client configuration All my attempts reduced to successful packet delivery and response only via vpn tunnel. Packets routed bypassing vpn i have used some SNAT to gain proper src address iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -o $IF -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j SNAT --to $IF_IP failed in SYN-ACK like 0 0,1 0,1: "70","192.168.1.111","X.X.X.X","TCP","34314 > 81 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=18664016 TSER=0 WS=7" "71","X.X.X.X","192.168.1.111","TCP","81 > 34314 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5792 Len=0 MSS=1428 TSV=531584430 TSER=18654692 WS=5" "72","X.X.X.X","192.168.1.111","TCP","81 > 34314 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=5792 Len=0 MSS=1428 TSV=531584779 TSER=18654692 WS=5" "73","192.168.1.111","X.X.X.X","TCP","34343 > 81 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=18673732 TSER=0 WS=7" I hope someone has already overcome such a situation or probably knows better approach to fulfill requirements. Please kindly give me a good advice or working solution.

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  • Vyatta masquerade out bridge interface

    - by miquella
    We have set up a Vyatta Core 6.1 gateway on our network with three interfaces: eth0 - 1.1.1.1 - public gateway/router IP (to public upstream router) eth1 - 2.2.2.1/24 - public subnet (connected to a second firewall 2.2.2.2) eth2 - 10.10.0.1/24 - private subnet Our ISP provided the 1.1.1.1 address for us to use as our gateway. The 2.2.2.1 address is so the other firewall (2.2.2.2) can communicate to this gateway which then routes the traffic out through the eth0 interface. Here is our current configuration: interfaces { bridge br100 { address 2.2.2.1/24 } ethernet eth0 { address 1.1.1.1/30 vif 100 { bridge-group { bridge br100 } } } ethernet eth1 { bridge-group { bridge br100 } } ethernet eth2 { address 10.10.0.1/24 } loopback lo { } } service { nat { rule 100 { outbound-interface eth0 source { address 10.10.0.1/24 } type masquerade } } } With this configuration, it routes everything, but the source address after masquerading is 1.1.1.1, which is correct, because that's the interface it's bound to. But because of some of our requirements here, we need it to source from the 2.2.2.1 address instead (what's the point of paying for a class C public subnet if the only address we can send from is our gateway!?). I've tried binding to br100 instead of eth0, but it doesn't seem to route anything if I do that. I imagine I'm just missing something simple. Any thoughts?

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  • Cisco Catalyst 3750 connected to Cisco ASA 5505 and dropping packets

    - by Bo102010
    (Cross posted from Super User per suggestion there) At the office, I have inherited a network that I am still trying to fully comprehend. I have a problem today with a new connection between: A port on a Cisco Catalyst 3750 [WS-C3750G-48TS-S running C3750-IPSERVICESK9-M version 12.2(53)SE1] A port on a Cisco ASA 5505 [ASA Software version 8.3(2)] The 3750 is home to a Vlan that has a few ports assigned to it. interface Vlan3 description Internal network (172.18.160.0/24) ip address 172.18.160.1 255.255.255.0 I have a host (outside of my control) that needs to be in this VLAN (i.e it must have an address 172.18.160.something/24) that also needs to access the Internet. To accomplish this, I ran a link from the Catalyst (Gi1/0/13) to the ASA (Ethernet 0/5). I configured the Catalyst port like so: interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13 description To ASA, 172.18.160.69 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access speed 100 duplex full I configured the ASA like so: interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 172.18.160.69 255.255.255.0 interface Ethernet0/5 speed 100 duplex full Then I plugged the host into Ethernet 0/4 on the ASA and instructed its owner to make its default gateway 172.18.160.69. I made a NAT rule in the ASA and set up some rules, and it's able to access the Internet without issue. However, I noticed that the Catalyst reports a ton of packets being dropped toward the ASA. Catalyst3750#show interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/13 | include counters|drops Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:28:13 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 136909347 This is a huge number of drops, since there's not much traffic on this VLAN at all. I tried these things: Make sure speed and duplex agree on both sides (100 Mbps / Full) Set no cdp enable on the Catalyst Gi10/13 Set no keepalive on the Catalyst Gi10/13 Checked for excessive CPU usage on both Checked for excessive traffic on both Am I missing something? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Ubuntu-VirtualBox-LikeWiseOpen network disaster

    - by Sergio
    I've a virtual machine on VirtualBox 4.1.4 with Ubuntu 11.04. It was working perfectly, but after a reboot something really wrong happened: I wasn't able to connect to the internal network (same for NAT). $ sudo dhclient -v Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.1.1-P1 Copyright 2004-2010 Internet System Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Error creating socket to list interfaces; Permission denied Can't get list of interfaces. The network interface is PCnet-FAST III. Additional information: $ uname -a Linux LinuxFileServer 2.6.38-8-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 03:31:50 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux Any ideas? Thanks EDIT: $ sudo ifconfig -a eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:af:f2:c7 indirizzo inet6: fe80::a00:27ff:feaf:f2c7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisioni:0 txqueuelen:1000 Byte RX:0 (0 B) Byte TX:3870 (3.8 KB) Interrupt:10 lo Link encap:Loopback locale indirizzo inet:127.0.0.1 Maschera:255.0.0.0 indirizzo inet6: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisioni:0 txqueuelen:0 Byte RX:960 (960.0 B) Byte TX:960 (960.0 B)

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  • Connecting to IPv6 hosts when mobile and on a Surface?

    - by Cerebrate
    Specifically, at my usual location, I have an IPv6 network which connects to the Internet via a static tunnel set up to Hurricane Electric's tunnel broker ( http://www.tunnelbroker.net/ ). This works essentially perfectly, allowing inbound and outbound connectivity. Now, however, I need to connect back to host(s) on that network over IPv6 from mobile tablet(s); meaning the conditions are such that there is no guarantee or even likelihood of native IPv6 support where it happens to be at any given time, and the IPv4 address of the tablet will change on a fairly regular basis. The native Teredo support, as configured by default, functions well enough to let me ping my target hosts, but appears to have neither the reliability nor the throughput to support anything else; I have been unable to make any actual connections (trying a number of TCP-based protocols) using it. I had considered setting up an independent tunnel for the tablet(s), and using scripts to update the client endpoint IP address when it changes, but since both (a) many of the locations will be behind NAT devices over which I have no control, and (b) the option over which I do have control is an AT&T Unite hotspot which does not offer protocol 41 forwarding or respond to ICMP on its public address, this approach does not seem viable. I am additionally constrained as the mobile tablet(s) in question are Surface RTs, and as such are incapable of running, for example, AICCU client software. What is my best option to pursue to obtain IPv6 connectivity in this scenario?

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  • OpenVPN Client timing out

    - by Austin
    I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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  • How to get my W2003-server (back) into the web (after setting up bridged networking)

    - by MBaas
    I have recently set up Virtualbox on a W2003-Server (which is also used as webserver, accessed from the web). My vbox worked nicely, but then I wanted more, I wanted to have the vm appear in the intranet like any ordinary pc. I was advised to setup bridged networking as opposed to NAT. I did so, and in the server's network connections have bridged the LAN-Connection and the "VirtualBox Host-Only Network" (yes, it says "host only network", but I assure that VBox networking is configured to use network bridge). So now my VM is visible in the intranet and it also has www-accesss, the server can also access the web. The only problem that came up is that the server is no longer accessible from the web. I've traced an HTTP-Request and it says "Can't connect to *:80 (connect: No route to host)". So maybe something in the router's config needs to be adjusted (yeah, well, the server's IP-Address changed from 192.168.1.199 to ...198). So I went into the router-config, reviewed port-forwarding for port 80 and adjusted the IP there, but it still didn't work. Unsure if it was a router-problem or rather something in the server's config, I've setup a "demilitarized zone" in the router and have put the server into it. (My understanding is that this would put the server straight into the web...) But the result of the HTTP-Requests is still the same :(

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  • DansGuardian/Squid Traffic doesn't get back to user

    - by DKNUCKLES
    I've purchased a Squid appliance that I'm attempting to implement, however the lack of documentation has left me a bit high and dry. Forgive me if this is a silly question, but this is my first attempt at implementing Squid. From what I can ascertain from the documentation (or lack thereof), the users connect to DansGuardian first at port 8080 where the filtering is done, at which point it forwards it to the Squid appliance at port 3128. The traffic is then sent to the internet. The setup I have is as follows Gateway (MikroTik router) : 192.168.88.1 Squid/DansGuardian :192.168.88.100 Client : 192.168.88.238 Client --- Gateway --- Proxy --- Internet I have set up a simple NAT rule to forward all traffic from the client machine (for testing purposes) to go to the DansGuardian. The traffic seems to get there, although I see a lot of SYN_RECV w/ a netstat -antp command on the virtual appliance machine. From this I gather that the traffic is NOT being routed back to the client machine. Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 192.168.88.100:8080 192.168.88.238:55786 SYN_RECV - tcp 0 0 192.168.88.100:8080 192.168.88.238:55787 SYN_RECV - tcp 0 0 192.168.88.100:8080 192.168.88.238:55785 SYN_RECV - tcp 0 0 192.168.88.100:8080 192.168.88.238:55788 SYN_RECV - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - Is this a routing issue or an issue with the Squid Appliance?

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  • LAMP server VM issues

    - by nullArray
    After getting a recommendation to salvage a wiki by installing a LAMP server, I went on the prowl for a good virtualized one. I used the VMware Player version. Since the windows box has Bonjour, I can, for example, go to http://lamp.local. and it works see the web client. The problem is, I can't ssh to a directory to scp the files I need, mount a usb thumbdrive (usbfs is unsupported) nor get samba working. I can't even update the ubuntu installation, it fails. I've tried bridged, nat and host-only networking settings in VMware Player. Bridged gives me an undefined IP, while the other two each have different IPs. All three settings allow me to access the web config, but none of them give me samba access. Windows usually freezes, then reports that it cannot connect. I'd rather not wipe a box to do a dedicated install, is there I way I can get this VM working, or are there better LAMP VMs out there? This one came already working and set up with VMware Player, so I thought it would be perfect... Thanks,

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  • DNS something is wrong?

    - by Nickolas R.
    Hello I am configuring bind9 on a server with two network interfaces, one is connected to the LAN and the other is connected to the Internet through NAT so bind is not faced directly to the Internet. Everything seems to work fine, clients can do both forward and reverse lookups but somethings seems strange. On the server if i try to ping www.google.com one time, a great amount of network activity is genereated, alot more that one would expect so i decided to sniff the traffic with tcpdump. When loading the dump into Wireshark i can see about 250 entries with "Standard query A" and "Standard query response" Here a some of the entries from the dump DNS Standard query A www.google.com DNS Standard query A blackhole-1.iana.org DNS Standard query A blackhole-2.iana.org DNS Standard query response DNS Standard query A ns2.isc-sns.com DNS Standard query A ns1.isc-sns.net DNS Standard query A ns3.isc-sns.info DNS Standard query response PTR b.iana-servers.net RRSIG DNS Standard query A auth2.dns.cogentco.com DNS Standard query A ns1.crsnic.net DNS Standard query A ns2.nsiregistry.net DNS Standard query A ns3.verisign-grs.net DNS Standard query A ns4.verisign-grs.net DNS Standard query PTR 79.52.19.199.in-addr.arpa I do not have too much experince with DNS yet, but i am pretty sure that something is wrong. Anybody that have an idea of whats is going on?

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  • Router failover not detecting outside interface link lost

    - by Matt
    Suppose I have two routers configured in master/slave configuration. They look something like this (addresses are not real ones) 123.123.123.10 <===> [eth0] Router 1 (10.1.1.2) [eth1] ===> +----------+ | 10.1.1.1 | ===> LAN 172.123.123.10 <===> [eth0] Router 2 (10.1.1.3) [eth1] ===> +----------+ The 10.1.1.1 is the default route for the Network (10.1.1.0). What's slightly different in this config to other's I've seen is that I don't have an external virtual IP. Also, the 10.1.1.1 addresses are in real life, public IP's (not private ones shown here). This is more of a router setup than a firewall setup so I'm not using NAT here. Now the issue that I'm having is that I can't see any way to configure UCARP or VRRP to monitor both eth0 & eth1 and fail over to the backup router should either of them go down. What I'm seeing is that if Router1 is the master and I unplug eth0 on router1, it doesn't fail over to router 2. However, it will if instead I unplug eth1 of router 1. In VRRP I see there is a cluster group, but it seems that for this to work you need to have virtual ip's or vrrp instances rather than actual interfaces assigned to it. I hope my explanation is clear. How do I get around this?

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  • make local only daemon listening on different interface (using iptables port forwarding)?

    - by UniIsland
    i have a daemon program which listens on 127.0.0.1:8000. i need to access it when i connect to my box with vpn. so i want it to listen on the ppp0 interface too. i've tried the "ssh -L" method. it works, but i don't think it's the right way to do that, having an extra ssh process running in the background. i tried the "netcat" method. it exits when the connection is closed. so not a valid way for "listening". i also tried several iptables rules. none of them worked. i'm not listing here all the rules i've used. iptables -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ppp+ -p tcp --dport 8000 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:8000 the above ruleset doesn't work. i have net.ipv4.ip_forward set to 1. anyone knows how to redirect traffic from ppp interface to lo? say, listen on "192.168.45.1:8000 (ppp0)" as well as "127.0.0.1:8000 (lo)" there's no need to alter the port. thanx

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  • best-practices to block social sites

    - by adopilot
    In our company we have around 100 workstation with internet access, And day by day situation getting more worst and worst from perspective of using internet access for the purpose of doing private jobs, and wasting time on social sites. Open hearted I am not for blocking sites like Facebook, Youtube, and others similar but day by day my colleagues do not finishing his tasks and while I looking at their monitor all time they are ruining IE or Mozilla and chat and things like that. In other way Ill like to block youtube sometime when We have very poor internet access speed, Here is my questions: Do other companies blocking social sites ? Do I need dedicated device for that like hardware firewall, super expensive router Or I can do that whit my existing FreeBSD 6.1 self made router with two lan cards and configured nat to act like router. I was trying do that using ipfw and routerfirewall but without success, My code looks like ipfw add 25 deny tcp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.facebook.com ipfw add 25 deny udp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.facebook. ipfw add 25 deny tcp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.dernek. ipfw add 25 deny udp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.dernek. ipfw add 25 deny tcp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.youtube. ipfw add 25 deny udp from 192.168.0.0/20 to www.youtube.com

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  • How to set up a VPN Incoming connection with Windows to tunnel Internet traffic?

    - by Mehrdad
    I want to set up a VPN on a remote server to route all my Internet traffic for privacy reasons. I can set up an incoming connection and connect to it successfully. The problem is, I can just see the remote computer and no other Web sites will open. I want the remote server to act like a NAT. How can I do that? Note that I don't want to split Internet traffic. I actually want to send all the traffic to the remote server but need to make it relay the traffic. For the record, my remote server is Windows Web Server 2008 which does not have routing and remote access service. Clarification I'm mostly interested in server configuration. I don't have any problems configuring the client. By the way, Windows Web Server 2008 seems to have the same VPN features built in client OSes (like Vista) and specifically, it doesn't include the RRAS console in MMC. I'm also open to suggestions regarding third party PPTP/L2TP daemons available, if they are free.

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  • Correct way to set up office network - 8 workstations, a file server and a staging server

    - by naunu
    Our office had this old school windows 2003 domain setup, our server caught fire, and now we are looking to do it right from scratch. Here is what we need: 5 PC and 3 Mac workstations for web development, they will each have WAMP/MAMP setup on them, managed by their developers. We will have a file server for assets, and a LAMP server with an external IP for staging. Here is what we have to work with: 5 IP addresses, brand new PC file server with windows 2008 SE, D-Link DSS-16+ 16 port switch, belkin 5 port wireless router, cable modem with 4 ports. How I have it set up now (this is a temporary makeshift setup): Cable modem = LAMP server, wireless router Wireless router = Switch = All of the workstations and file server (setup as a workgroup). We have noticed our internet is very slow with us all plugged in to the switch, and the switch plugged in to the router. I am not positive, but I think it is because our router does not have NAT. We are also having problems with the MACs connection to the network drive - it keeps disconnecting. I want this done right, and we have a ~$600 budget to buy anything else we need. Does anybody have any advice for me? Should I set up a domain or workgroup?

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  • asterisk extensions.conf & sip.conf

    - by Josh
    I'm trying to get my Dialplan to work. When I call, the only thing I get is a dial tone to enter extension "no Background(thanks-calling) is played". When extension 123 is dialed, busy signal is triggered and asterisk CLI get frozen. Any help will be appreciate it. Conf files below. ; PSTN on sip.conf [pstn] type=friend host=dynamic context=pstn username=pstn secret=password nat=yes canreinvite=no dtmfmode=rfc2833 qualify=yes insecure=port,invite disallow=all allow=ulaw ; PSTN on extensions.conf [pstn] exten => s,1,Answer exten => s,2,Wait,2 exten => s,4,DigitTimeout,5 exten => s,5,ResponseTimeout,10 exten => s,6,Background(thanks-calling) exten => 0,1,Goto(incoming,123,1) ; (Member Services) [incoming] exten => 123,1,NoOP(${CALLERID}) ; show the caller ID info in the console exten => 123,n,Ringing() exten => 123,n,Answer() exten => 123,n,Playback(silence/1) exten => 123,n,Playback(connecting1) exten => 123,n,Wait(3) exten => 123,n,Dial(SIP/line1,60) exten => 123,n,Congestion

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