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• 403 Forbiden on Apache (CentOS) Server

  - by pouya

  These are my VM setup: HOST: windows 7 ultimate 32bit GUEST: CentOs 6.3 i386 Virtualization soft: Oracle virtualBox 4.1.22 Networking: NAT -> (PORT FORWARD: HOST:8080 => GUEST:80) Shared Folder: centos all the project files goes into shared folder and for each project file a virtualhost conf file is created in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ like /etc/httpd/conf.d/$domain I wasn't able to see anything in my browser before disabling both windows firewall and iptables in centos after that if i type for example: http://www.$domain:8080/ all i see is: Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at www.$domain.com Port 8080 A sample Virtual Host conf file: <VirtualHost *:80> #General DocumentRoot /media/sf_centos/path/to/public_html ServerAdmin webmaster@$domain ServerName www.$domain ServerAlias $domain *.$domain #Logging ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/$domain-error.log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/$domain-access.log combined #mod rewrite RewriteEngine On RewriteLog /var/log/httpd/$domain-rewrite.log RewriteLogLevel 0 </VirtualHost> centos shared folder is availabe to guest at /media/sf_centos These are file permissons for sf_centos: drwxrwx--- root vboxsf vboxsf group includes: apache and root So these are my questions: 1- How to solve Forbidden Problem? 2- How to setup both host and guest firewalls? 3- How can i improve this developement environment to simulate production environment as much as possible specially security improvements?

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• pfSense routing between two routers with shared network

  - by JohnCC

  I have a network set-up using two pfSense routers arranged like this:- DMZ1 WAN1 WAN2 DMZ2 | | | | | | | | \___ PF1 PF2___/ | | | | \___TRUSTED___/ Each pfSense router has its own separate WAN connection, and a separate DMZ network attached to it. They share a common TRUSTED LAN between them. The machines on the trusted network have PF1 as their default gateway. PF1 has a static route defined to DMZ2 via PF2, and PF2 has a static route to DMZ1 via PF1. There is NAT to the WAN but internal networks (DMZ1/2 and TRUSTED) use different RFC1918 subnets. I inherited this arrangement, and all used to work fine. I made a config change to PF1 (relating to multicast), and machines on DMZ2 suddenly could not talk to TRUSTED. I rolled the change back, but the problem persisted. What I guess you'd hope would happen is that TCP packets would go DMZ2 - PF2 - TRUSTED and on return TRUSTED - PF1 - PF2 - DMZ2. That's the only way I can see it would have worked. However, PF1 drops the returning packets. I've verified this using tcpdump. I've worked around this by adding static routes to DMZ2 via PF2 to the servers on TRUSTED, but some devices on there do not support static routes so this is not ideal. Is there way to make this arrangement work decently, or is the design inherently flawed? Thanks!

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• How do I setup a proper VPN for my friends to play LAN games AND give them internet access?

  - by Gizmo

  I'm trying to setup a VPN on my local network, but everyone who connects to me DOES have access to my laptop but not to the internet or other devices on the network. How can I properly configure my VPN on windows to work correctly (giving internet + access to all devices on my network to the remote pc)? Or is there software on windows which makes creating a VPN server easier? or maybe a VMWare image linux vpn server? I can't find any of those! My requirement is that my friends don't have to install additional software, they have to be able to connect with default windows stuff. My OS is Windows 8 Standart edition (not pro or enterprise) OEM. Most of my friends have also windows 8, some windows 7. Extra info: My device is DMZ'ed (Demilitarized Zone, [disabled NAT on my device so it's accessible on the WAN]) I can access files, websites and services on other devices on my network, and all devices can access file shares, website and all other services on my device When enabling VPN everything works except the client is unable to get internet access or access to any device on my network, client has only access to my device.

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• SNMP query - operation not permitted

  - by jperovic

  I am working on API that reads a lot of data via SNMP (routes, interfaces, QoS policies, etc...). Lately, I have experienced a random error stating: Operation not permitted Now, I use SNMP4J as core library and cannot really pinpoint the source of error. Some Stackoverflow questions have suggested OS being unable to open sufficient number of file handles but increasing that parameter did not help much. The strange thing is that error occurs only when iptables is up and running. Could it be that firewall is blocking some traffic? I have tried writing JUnit test that mimicked application's logic but no errors were fired... Any help would be appreciated! Thanks! IPTABLES *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:96] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [68:4218] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [68:4218] # route redirect za SNMP Trap i syslog -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -m udp --dport 514 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 33514 -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -m udp --dport 162 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 33162 COMMIT *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT ..... # SNMP -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT # SNMP trap -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 162 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 33162 -j ACCEPT ..... -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

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• Join Domain from VM

  - by Adis

  I have two VMs running on VMWare Player. I use NAT adapter settings. The host machine for VMs is running on corporate network. First VM has Domain controller running and I can log in on that machine using domain credentials. I named domain wm.local When I run IP config on this machine: IP: 192.168.87.132 Def Gataway: 192.168.87.2 DNS server: 192.168.87.2 DHCP server: 192.168.87.254 Second VM cannot join domain. When I try it with domain WM I'm propmted for credentials. And I enter Administrator credentials and than it waits for some time and I get response: "The specified domain either does not exist or could not be contacted" If i type wm.local as domain when trying to join it does not prompt me to login but just shows "An Active Directory Domain Controller (AD DC) for the domain wm.local could not be contacted. And here it takes no time to get this error message. Ipconfig on this machine: IP: 192.168.87.134 Def Gataway: 192.168.87.2 DNS server: 192.168.87.2 DHCP server: 192.168.87.254 I can ping second VM from first one. And I disabled firewalls on both machines. Any ideas? Is there any manual for this?

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• Ubuntu 12.04 as router with 2 nic

  - by Blue Gene

  I have been trying this setup for weeks and still can not make this to work... ubuntu 12.04 64 bit with 2 nic nic1: eth0:192.168.2.33 -static ip with internet access (connected to modem) nic2: eth1:192.168.1.2 -static ip connected to LAN. enabled ip_forward on ubuntu box net_ip_forward = 1 on the LAN with ip address 192.168.1.5 specified gateway as 192.168.1.2 and able to ping gateway.But can not ping public address.What am i missing? on router box: route -n Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 tried ip route add 192.168.2.0/24 via 192.168.1.2 dev eth0 route -n on LAN 192.168.1.5 Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.2.0 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 iptables default policy is to accept all. tracepath 8.8.8.8 from LAN 1: 192.168.1.5 0.060ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.1.2 3.367ms 1: 192.168.1.2 3.764ms 2: no reply Is there a way to make this work,other than NAT ing.

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• cheap gigabit switch for small business

  - by neoice

  my friend's business is currently borrowing my Adtran 1224R and is very happy with it. it's configured with a few VLANs to segment customers, internal traffic and public wifi. port 1 is a "trunk" port to the router, a chunky Linux box with iptables+NAT. they push a lot of traffic over the LAN (data backups) and really need gigabit. besides, I'd like my Adtran back :P my goal is to find a cheap(ish) switch that can function as a drop-in replacement. it looks like VLAN trunking is actually part of the 802.1q spec, so anything with VLAN support should cover the current trunk-to-router setup. it's nice to have both a web interface and SSH, but I can configure it either way if needed. things like the Netgear GS724T have caught my eye, but it seems like none of the hardware in the $300-500 range have really solid reviews. I'm concerned that "cheaper" hardware might not work for a network full of power users. does anyone have a recommendation for the Netgear GS724T or a switch that will meet my needs?

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• Service redirection on same network

  - by Unode

  I have a network on which I run multiple servers each dedicated to a given service. Because most services run on distinct ports I'm currently looking for a way of unifying "all" services into a single "proxy" machine. The idea is to abstract which machine is being accessed but still allow direct connection if needed/requested. This "proxy" machine has only one network interface which is part of the same network as all the other service providing machines. I've looked into Routing and NAT but I've so far failed to figure out how to make it work. I tried to achieve this using shorewall but couldn't find clear examples. However I'm not entirely sure this is the best/simplest strategy. With that said, what would be the best way of achieving this result? Example case: Proxy IP - Listening port - Send requests to 192.168.0.50 80 192.168.0.1:80 " 22 192.168.0.2:2222 " 3306 192.168.0.3:3000 " 5432 192.168.0.4:5432 " 5222 192.168.0.5:5222 PS: I'm not concerned with the single-point-of-failure nature of the proxy. Thanks

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• Can I use squid (or anything) to do this?

  - by user269334

  I have a really crappy VPS, and a really good computer at my office (with a really good internet connection), but behind a NAT. Is it possible to expose my good computer by doing this: 1. The good computer connects to the VPS (and keeps the connection alive) 2. The users connects to the VPS, and sends http(s) requests to the VPS. 3. The VPS just passes that http(s) requests to the good computer (including some identifications, so the servers can distinguish connections) 4. The good computer passes that http(s) response to the VPS 5. In turn, the VPS receives the http(s) response, and passes back to the client. Is it possible to do this? (btw, the VPS and the good computer are located in different countries) And also, is this "reverse proxy"? I heard that reverse proxy is for protecting the internal network by putting a middle server. And will this affect SSL configurations? (or make SSL impossible?) I'm intending to run nginx on the good computer. Thanks in advance : )

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• IPTables Reroute SSH based on Connection string?

  - by senrabdet

  We are using a cloud server (Debian Squeeze) where public ports on a public IP route traffic to internal servers. We are looking for a way to use IPTables and ssh where based on some part of the ssh connection string (or something along these lines) iptables will reroute the ssh connection to the "right" internal server. This would allow us to use one common public port, and then re-route ssh connections to individual servers. So, for example we hope to do something like the following: user issues ssh connection (public key encryption) such as ssh -X -v -p xxx [email protected] but maybe adds something into the string for iptables to use iptables uses some part of that string or some means to re-route the connection to an internal server using something like iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING ! -s xxx.xxx.xxx.0/24 -m tcp -p tcp --dport $EXTPORT -j DNAT --to-destination $HOST:$INTPORT ....where $HOST is the internal ip of a server, $EXTPORT is the common public facing port and $INTPORT is the internal server port. It appears that the "string" aspect of iptables does not do what we want. We can currently route based on the IP table syntax we're using, but rely on having a separate public port for each server and are hoping to use one common public port and then re-route to specific internal servers based on some part of the ssh connection string or some other means. Any suggestions? Thanks!

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• IPtables and Remote Desktop with Proxy

  - by Sebastian

  So I setup a windows 2008 web server R2 on VirtualBox. Currently using Bridged Network. I can remote desktop to the machine hosting the VM (10.0.0.183) but cannot remote desktop to the VM itself (10.0.0.195). The remote port on the VM set to 5003. VM setup to accept remote connections (windows side). We also use a proxy for our internet, and I added these rules under NAT. (centOS 5) on our proxy box. -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT -A REROUTING -i ppp0 -p tcp --dport 3389 -j REDIRECT --to-port 5003 -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.195 --dport 5003 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT I've been trying for hours and hours and just cannot get it to work. I also used freedns so that we can use a domain name to connect too this VM over the internet. (the DNS points to our external IP address). If we don't get this right we will have to purchase a PPoE from an ISP to connect to this VM remotely, but I know that there is an alternative route if I can just get this port forwarding right!

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• ubuntu 12.04 kvm virtual server network setup, can't get the machine to be connectable

  - by xyious

  I have worked on my Ubuntu Server host for weeks now and I just can not manage to get the virtual machines into the network.... here's what I need to do: I need to be able to create virtual machines that have IP addresses that can be reached from the outside (192.168 network). I need to be able to connect to the virtual machines through ssh, ftp, http and preferably https, anything else doesn't matter that much. So far everything seems simple enough and I have a lot of leeway in terms of IP address range and server/client configuration. I have the option of taking part of a /24 net as most IPs aren't used, and if it's absolutely necessary I have the option of creating a new /24 subnet. Also have the option of reformatting and reinstalling OS on the host and recreating the virtual machines as nothing has been done other than trying to get virtual machines to work. I would prefer if the virtual machines were just part of the normal network which would be 192.168.5.0/24. The host machine has 2 network cards so I don't even necessarily need the Host to be connectable in the same /24 network. I have tried (I think) just about everything from about 5 different tutorials on bridging (giving br0 the same IP that eth0 used to have (Host is able to connect to VM and vice versa, VM doesn't have outside network access), having eth0 set up like it always was and having br0 have a different IP (same as above), NAT with port forwarding (which I would have preferred not to use but will if it works), turning off one of the hosts network cards and just using one of them, different subnets.... etc. I do know my way around iptables fairly well.... Host is 64bit Ubuntu Server 12.04, using libvirt/kvm. edits: Local network is 192.168.5.0/24, host has static ip 192.168.5.254, GW .5.1 which is also nameserver. We have a second Local network at 192.168.10.0/24 with .10.1 GW, but both hosts and VMs were supposed to go into the .5 subnet. The .10 subnet isn't required, but it wouldn't be horrible if the Host were only accessible in the .10 subnet.

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• Asterisk relay between multiple subnets

  - by immoune

  I wonder what's the best way to go when you have phones on multiple networks which are not directly reachable. I have 3 networks 10.3.x.x 10.6.x.x 10.17.x.x My asterisk server resides on the 10.3.0.5 IP. The machines from the 10.6 and 10.17 networks are routed here through VPN tunnels. At this point we don't talk about NAT anywhere on the network just pure routing. Since the 10.3.0.5 PBX has routes back to all the subnet's it has no problem to communicate with softphones/hardphones from these ranges. The problem comes from that Asterisk (as far as I understand) only responsible for the SIP communication part not the Audio/Video transmission which is in P2P fashion done between the devices. So although a client using sipdroid from 10.6.x.x is able to connect to the pbx (10.3.0.5) and dial a bria client on the 10.17.x.x network once the phone rings out and the call establishes no audio will be transmitted simply because it has no way to directly connect there. For this there are multiple solutions described in this text: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee480411%28v=winembedded.60%29.aspx What I would prefer is to keep these networks segregated as they are now. What would be the best solution? Is it possible to actually relay through all the audio/video information through the Asterisk server? That would be the best in my case, I using Astlinux there which has a lot of other parts. Thanks

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• oracle access on vmware fusion

  - by gaudi_br

  Hello, I'm running snow leopard and I'm doing some development that requires some network knowledge. I've installed vmware fusion 3.0 and I've set up a virtual machine with windows 2003 server. I need to mimic the exact configuration of another server in the network, so I really need to run the versions I'll be mentioning here. Besides, I set up two network configurations on the VM: one NAT config (so that I can have internet access) and one host-only config (because I need to use another server's mac adress and my local area network might have a problem with it) From the installation of windows 2003, I then installed oracle 10.2.0.1. During the installation I received a warning about the primary ip-address of the system being dhcp assigned, but I ignored it (maybe it was a mistake)... Now, from experience, unless the DHCP assigned address changes, I should be able to access the guest system's database from the host system, so I went to safari and tried to access the oracle em. As it turns out, because my computer is on a company network, the company's DNS doesn't know about the virtual machine, unless of course I switch to a bridged network config. However, I don't want to do that because I don't to mix up the domains. So I guess the question is, how can I define my own dns or router, or whatever it is that I need to define so that whenever I try the guest system's ip address form the host, it will use the vmnet1 or vmnet8 interface define by vmware and bypass the dns configuration of my local area network. I'd also like to know what to do incase I want to change ip addresses on the guest machine without having oracle go haywire (I've noticed a few folders on the structure which are specific for the very first IP Address)... Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• How do I tunnel an HTTPS proxy through a virtual machine (VMWare)

  - by Kyle

  I have a personal setup at home using VMWare Workstation. I also have a set of Virtual Private Machines that run Squid, and therefore provide me HTTPS proxy tunnels. Using Proxifier, I can tunnel all traffic for given applications through these tunnels. However, I also have a few virtual machines for dev/staging/experimentation/etc. I generally just use NAT to provide Internet access to the machines, and if I need to use these proxies, I can just setup Proxifier (or a Linux equivalent) to pipe the traffic through them. No problem. But... I got to thinking: Wouldn't it be great if I could assign these proxy tunnels to a virtual machine, so that when I start up the VM, it has instant-on access through the tunnel and not my local connection? (EDIT: Of course, it would USE my local connection, but it would tunnel traffic through the proxy.) To be more clear: I want a solution that binds the proxy to a VM, so that when I start the VM, I don't have to use a proxy client to connect to the tunnel - I am already piping all traffic from that VM through that proxy. I did a bit of searching, and the closest thing I could find was this: How to route public static IP to a virtual machine on a vmware ESXi host? Which wasn't all that applicable. The proxies are protected by user/pass but do not filter by IP. Again, they are HTTPS proxies setup through Squid. Any ideas on how to make this happen? Thanks a ton.

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• Print over the internet from a remote linux session locally (on a Windows 7 machine) to the shared printers?

  - by obeliksz

  I'm trying to use a linux virtual machine as a file server for windows clients. I have successfully implemented remote file sharing (samba+ssh) with which I am able to print locally with a little program that I made for this purpose (jetforms style)... but I would like to hear about a somewhat more direct approach. How can I attach the printers to the server, so that I can for example open a file on the remote session and in the print dialogbox I would see my local printers (on the machine from which I have established a remote session)? I guess there should be some kind of putty tunneling, but dont know how. I have a windows 7 machine locally; there is a CentOS 6 VM over the internet. It has ssh, cups, and samba. I have found a question which asks the opposite: there is a windows based server to connect form linux but that windows has a domain, mine is just a simple windows workstation that is behind NAT and has a dynamic IP. That question is: Print from Linux to Windows networked printer.

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• Software disables itself when the PC is accessed via RDP

  - by blckgrffn

  We have a large, specialty printer that has vendor specific software that enables its use outside of it showing up simply as a printer in the Windows Control Panel. This software recognizes when we RDP into the machine and "disconnects" the PC from the printer within its proprietary control panel. All is well when an application like TeamViewer is used to access the machine. Ostensibly, the application is helping us be safe by "enforcing" that the machine used for the printer is a walk up workstation, or so the support folks informed me. If TeamViewer etc, fixes the issue, then what is the problem? We have many headless workstations in our warehouse attached to a variety of specialty machines, all used via RDP. We want/need to keep access to the machines the same for the sanity of our production staff. The meat of the question - how, specifically, might a machine know that it is being accessed via RDP (terminal services management???) and how might this be defeated without altering an application or driver. Of note, the system being used is a Windows 7 Pro machine hooked to the printer via USB. Thanks! Nat edit Is there any combination of /admin switches, etc. that will possibly fix this? Simply putting /admin did not.

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• FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel

  - by SaveTheRbtz

  I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctl.conf/loader.conf/KENCONF. It was initially based on Igor Sysoev's (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Tunings are for FreeBSD-CURRENT. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. sysctl.conf: # No zero mapping feature # May break wine # (There are also reports about broken samba3) #security.bsd.map_at_zero=0 # If you have really busy webserver with apache13 you may run out of processes #kern.maxproc=10000 # Same for servers with apache2 / Pound #kern.threads.max_threads_per_proc=4096 # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Can cause this on older kernels: # http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=10485760 # Mbuf 2k clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 25600 is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G kern.ipc.nmbclusters=262144 # Jumbo pagesize(_SC_PAGESIZE) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=262144 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=65536 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=32768 # For lower latency you can decrease scheduler's maximum time slice # default: stathz/10 (~ 13) #kern.sched.slice=1 # Increase max command-line length showed in `ps` (e.g for Tomcat/Java) # Default is PAGE_SIZE / 16 or 256 on x86 # This avoids commands to be presented as [executable] in `ps` # For more info see: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=120749 kern.ps_arg_cache_limit=4096 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # On some systems HPET is almost 2 times faster than default ACPI-fast # Useful on systems with lots of clock_gettime / gettimeofday calls # See http://old.nabble.com/ACPI-fast-default-timecounter,-but-HPET-83--faster-td23248172.html # After revision 222222 HPET became default: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=222222 kern.timecounter.hardware=HPET # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65535 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65535 # Turn off receive autotuning # You can play with it. #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=0 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) # Also timestamp field is useful when using syncookies net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on high-speed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) # If you set it there is no need in TCP_NODELAY sockopt (see man tcp) net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) # This sysctl was removed in 10-CURRENT: # See: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg06178.html #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # TCP slowstart algorithm tunings # We assuming we have very fast clients #net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=100 #net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=100 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't checked it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # # stops route cache degregation during a high-bandwidth flood # http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/securing-freebsd.html #net.inet.ip.rtexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtminexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache=1024 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # # There is also good example of sysctl.conf with comments: # http://www.thern.org/projects/sysctl.conf # # icmp may NOT rst, helpful for those pesky spoofed # icmp/udp floods that end up taking up your outgoing # bandwidth/ifqueue due to all that outgoing RST traffic. # #net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst=0 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # IPv6 Security # For more info see http://www.fosslc.org/drupal/content/security-implications-ipv6 # Disable Node info replies # To see this vulnerability in action run `ping6 -a sglAac ::1` or `ping6 -w ::1` on unprotected node net.inet6.icmp6.nodeinfo=0 # Turn on IPv6 privacy extensions # For more info see proposal http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/net/2008-06/msg00103.html net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr=1 net.inet6.ip6.prefer_tempaddr=1 # Disable ICMP redirect net.inet6.icmp6.rediraccept=0 # Disable acceptation of RA and auto linklocal generation if you don't use them #net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0 #net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal=0 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds # (default: 30000. RFC from 1979 recommends 120000) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=200000 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becomes lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Note from commit http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head@211031 : # For systems with RAID volumes and/or virtualization envirnments, where # read performance is very important, increasing this sysctl tunable to 32 # or even more will demonstratively yield additional performance benefits. vfs.read_max=32 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 # ZFS # Enable prefetch. Useful for sequential load type i.e fileserver. # FreeBSD sets vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable to 1 on any i386 systems and # on any amd64 systems with less than 4GB of avaiable memory # For additional info check this nabble thread http://old.nabble.com/Samba-read-speed-performance-tuning-td27964534.html #vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0 # On highload servers you may notice following message in dmesg: # "Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the # vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max tunable" vm.pmap.shpgperproc=2048 loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Useful when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Linux specific devices in /dev # As for 8.1 it only /dev/full #lindev_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load="YES" #siis_load="YES" # FreeBSD 8.2+ # New Congestion Control for FreeBSD # http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools/cc_chd-readme-0.1.txt # http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/78/slides/iccrg-5.pdf # Initial merge commit message http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31410.html #cc_chd_load="YES" # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # If your server has lots of swap (>4Gb) you should increase following value # according to http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-October/029616.html # Otherwise you'll be getting errors # "kernel: swap zone exhausted, increase kern.maxswzone" # kern.maxswzone="256M" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 10% of mem) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # FreeBSD 9+ # HPET "legacy route" support. It should allow HPET to work per-CPU # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg03603.html #hint.atrtc.0.clock=0 #hint.attimer.0.clock=0 #hint.hpet.0.legacy_route=1 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=512 net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit=65536 # Increased hostcache # Later host cache can be viewed via net.inet.tcp.hostcache.list hidden sysctl # Very useful for it's RTT RTTVAR # Must be power of two net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize=65536 # hashsize * bucketlimit (which is 30 by default) # It allocates 255Mb (1966080*136) of RAM net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit=1966080 # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Disable ipfw deny all # Should be uncommented when there is a chance that # kernel and ipfw binary may be out-of sync on next reboot #net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=1 # # SIFTR (Statistical Information For TCP Research) is a kernel module that # logs a range of statistics on active TCP connections to a log file. # See prerelease notes http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.freebsd.current/browse_thread/thread/b4c18be6cdce76e4 # and man 4 sitfr #siftr_load="YES" # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em/igb drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg # sysctl dev.em.0.debug=1 ; dmesg # Also after r209242 (-CURRENT) there is a separate sysctl for each stat variable; # Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.maxthreads=4 #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # # FreeBSD 9.x+ # Increase interface send queue length # See commit message http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=207554 #net.link.ifqmaxlen=1024 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is KERNCONF: # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU >= 4k # This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets # Also this epic thread on kernel trap: # http://kerneltrap.org/node/6506 # Here Linus says that "anybody that does it that way (FreeBSD) is totally incompetent" #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE # There was stackoverflow found in KAME IPSec stack: # See http://secunia.com/advisories/43995/ # For quick workaround you can use `ipfw add deny proto ipcomp` options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL # On 8.1+ you can disable verbose to see blocked packets on ipfw0 interface. # Also there is no point in compiling verbose into the kernel, because # now there is net.inet.ip.fw.verbose tunable. #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron device amdtemp # Same for Intel processors device coretemp # man 4 cpuctl device cpuctl # CPU control pseudo-device # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # Debug & DTrace options KDB # Kernel debugger related code options KDB_TRACE # Print a stack trace for a panic options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only(?) options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks #options DDB #options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (8.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 # FreeBSD 8.1+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html # (FYI: "resolution" is panic so use with caution) #options DEADLKRES # Increase maximum size of Raw I/O and sendfile(2) readahead #options MAXPHYS=(1024*1024) #options MAXBSIZE=(1024*1024) # For scheduler debug enable following option. # Debug will be available via `kern.sched.stats` sysctl # For more information see http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/conf/NOTES?view=markup #options SCHED_STATS If you are tuning network for maximum performance you may wish to play with ifconfig options like: # You can list all capabilities via `ifconfig -m` ifconfig [-]rxcsum [-]txcsum [-]tso [-]lro mtu In case you've enabled DDB in kernel config, you should edit your /etc/ddb.conf and add something like this to enable automatic reboot (and textdump as bonus): script kdb.enter.panic=textdump set; capture on; show pcpu; bt; ps; alltrace; capture off; call doadump; reset script kdb.enter.default=textdump set; capture on; bt; ps; capture off; call doadump; reset And do not forget to add ddb_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf Since FreeBSD 9 you can select to enable/disable flowcontrol on your NIC: # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control and # http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg07927.html for additional info ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. FreeBSD WIP * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 7? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 8? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 9? So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

  Read the article

• Linux router: ping doesn't route back

  - by El Barto

  I have a Debian box which I'm trying to set up as a router and an Ubuntu box which I'm using as a client. My problem is that when the Ubuntu client tries to ping a server on the Internet, all the packets are lost (though, as you can see below, they seem to go to the server and back without problem). I'm doing this in the Ubuntu Box: # ping -I eth1 my.remote-server.com PING my.remote-server.com (X.X.X.X) from 10.1.1.12 eth1: 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- my.remote-server.com ping statistics --- 13 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 12094ms (I changed the name and IP of the remote server for privacy). From the Debian Router I see this: # tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 7, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 8, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 8, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 9, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 9, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 10, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 10, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 305, seq 11, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 305, seq 11, length 64 ^C 9 packets captured 9 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel # tcpdump -i eth2 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth2, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 213, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 213, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 214, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 214, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 215, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 215, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 216, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 216, length 64 IP 192.168.1.10 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 217, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 192.168.1.10: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 217, length 64 ^C 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel And at the remote server I see this: # tcpdump -i eth0 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 1, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 1, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 2, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 2, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 3, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 3, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 4, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 4, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 5, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 5, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 6, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 6, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 7, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 7, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 8, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 8, length 64 IP Y.Y.Y.Y > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 360, seq 9, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > Y.Y.Y.Y: ICMP echo reply, id 360, seq 9, length 64 18 packets captured 228 packets received by filter 92 packets dropped by kernel Here "X.X.X.X" is my remote server's IP and "Y.Y.Y.Y" is my local network's public IP. So, what I understand is that the ping packets are coming out of the Ubuntu box (10.1.1.12), to the router (10.1.1.1), from there to the next router (192.168.1.1) and reaching the remote server (X.X.X.X). Then they come back all the way to the Debian router, but they never reach the Ubuntu box back. What am I missing? Here's the Debian router setup: # ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 inet addr:10.1.1.1 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::960c:6dff:fe82:d98/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:105761 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:40298768 (38.4 MiB) TX bytes:44831595 (42.7 MiB) Interrupt:19 Base address:0x6000 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 inet addr:192.168.1.10 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6ef0:49ff:fea4:4738/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:38335992 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:37097705 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4260680226 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:3759806551 (3.5 GiB) Interrupt:27 eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 94:0c:6d:82:c8:72 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:20 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3408 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB) TX bytes:358445 (350.0 KiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2767779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1569477 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:3609469393 (3.3 GiB) TX bytes:96113978 (91.6 MiB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth2 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 # arp -n # Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Ubuntu box (on 10.1.1.12 and 192.168.1.12) Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.118 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.72 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.94 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.102 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 10.1.1.12 ether 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0 C eth1 192.168.1.86 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.2 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.61 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.64 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.116 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.91 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.52 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.93 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.87 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.92 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.100 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.40 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.53 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.83 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.89 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.12 ether 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1 C eth2 192.168.1.77 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.66 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.90 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.65 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.41 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.78 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 192.168.1.123 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth2 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- 10.1.1.0/24 !10.1.1.0/24 MASQUERADE all -- !10.1.1.0/24 10.1.1.0/24 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination And here's the Ubuntu box: # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f1 inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:28785139 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:19050735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32068182803 (32.0 GB) TX bytes:6061333280 (6.0 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:b1a00000-b1a20000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1e:67:15:2b:f0 inet addr:10.1.1.12 Bcast:10.1.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21e:67ff:fe15:2bf0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:285086 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12719 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:30817249 (30.8 MB) TX bytes:2153228 (2.1 MB) Interrupt:16 Memory:b1900000-b1920000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:86048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB) TX bytes:11426538 (11.4 MB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth1 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.8.0.0 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 # arp -n # Note: Here I have changed all the different MACs except the ones corresponding to the Debian box (on 10.1.1.1 and 192.168.1.10) Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.1.70 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.90 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.97 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.103 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.13 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.120 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.111 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.118 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.51 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.102 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.64 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.52 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.74 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.94 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.121 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.72 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.87 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.91 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.71 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.78 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.83 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.88 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.82 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.98 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.100 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.93 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.73 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.11 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.85 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.112 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.89 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.65 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.81 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 10.1.1.1 ether 94:0c:6d:82:0d:98 C eth1 192.168.1.53 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.116 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.61 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.10 ether 6c:f0:49:a4:47:38 C eth0 192.168.1.86 (incomplete) eth0 192.168.1.119 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.66 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 192.168.1.1 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth1 192.168.1.92 ether NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN C eth0 # iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination # iptables -L -n -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Edit: Following Patrick's suggestion, I did a tcpdump con the Ubuntu box and I see this: # tcpdump -i eth1 -qtln icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 1, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 1, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 2, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 2, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 3, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 3, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 4, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 4, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 5, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 5, length 64 IP 10.1.1.12 > X.X.X.X: ICMP echo request, id 21967, seq 6, length 64 IP X.X.X.X > 10.1.1.12: ICMP echo reply, id 21967, seq 6, length 64 ^C 12 packets captured 12 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel So the question is: if all packets seem to be coming and going, why does ping report 100% packet loss?

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• Using the SOA-BPM VIrtualBox Appliance

  - by antony.reynolds

  Quickstart Guide to Using Oracle Appliance for SOA/BPM Recently I have been setting up some machines for fellow engineers.  My base setup consists of Oracle Enterprise Linux with Oracle Virtual Box.  Note that after installing VirtualBox I needed to add the VirtualBox Extension Pack to enable RDP access amongst other features.  In order to get them started quickly with some images I downloaded the pre-built appliance for SOA/BPM from OTN. Out of the box this provides a VirtualBox image that is pre-installed with everything you will need to develop SOA/BPM applications. Specifically by using the virtual appliance I got the following pre-installed and configured. Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 User oracle password oracle User root password oracle. Oracle Database XE Pre-configured with SOA/BPM repository. Set to auto-start on OS startup. Oracle SOA Suite 11g PS2 Configured with a “collapsed domain”, all services (SOA/BAM/EM) running in AdminServer. Listening on port 7001 Oracle BPM Suite 11g Configured in same domain as SOA Suite. Oracle JDeveloper 11g With SOA/BPM extensions. Networking The VM by default uses NAT (Network Address Translation) for network access.  Make sure that the advanced settings for port forwarding allow access through the host to guest ports.  It should be pre-configured to forward requests on the following ports Purpose Host Port Guest Port (VBox Image) SSH 2222 22 HTTP 7001 7001 Database 1521 1521 Note that only one VirtualBox image can use a given host port, so make sure you are not clashing if it seems not to work. What’s Left to Do? There is still some customization of the environment that may be required. If you need to configure a proxy server as I did then for the oracle and root users to set up an HTTP proxy Added “export http_proxy=http://proxy-host:proxy-port” to ~oracle/.bash_profile and ~root/.bash_profile Added “export http_proxy=http://proxy-host:proxy-port” to /etc/.bashrc Edited System->Preferences to set Network Proxy In Firefox set Preferences->Network->Connection Settings to “Use system proxy settings” In JDeveloper set Edit->Preferences->Web Browser and Proxy to required proxy settings You may need to configure yum to point to a public OEL yum repository – such as http://public-yum.oracle.com. If you are going to be accessing the SOA server from outside the VirtualBox image then you may want to set the soa-infra Server URLs to be the hostname of the host OS. Snap! Once I had the machine configured how I wanted to use it I took a snapshot so that I can always get back to the pristine install I have now.  Snapshots are one of the big benefits of putting a development environment into a virtualized environment.  I can make changes to my installation and if I mess it up I can restore the image to a last known good snapshot. Hey Presto!, Ready to Go This is the quickest way to get up and running with SOA/BPM Suite.  Out of the box the download will work, I only did extra customization so I could use services outside the firewall and browse outside the firewall from within by SOA VirtualBox image.  I also use yum to update the OS to the latest binaries. So have fun.

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• Project Management Helps AmeriCares Deliver International Aid

  - by Sylvie MacKenzie, PMP

  Excerpt from PROFIT - ORACLE - by Alison Weiss Handle with Care Sound project management helps AmeriCares bring international aid to those in need. The stakes are always high for AmeriCares. On a mission to restore health and save lives during times of disaster, the nonprofit international relief and humanitarian aid organization delivers donated medicines, medical supplies, and humanitarian aid to people in the U.S. and around the globe. Founded in 1982 with the express mission of responding as quickly and efficiently as possible to help people in need, the Stamford, Connecticut-based AmeriCares has delivered more than US$10.5 billion in aid to 147 countries over the past three decades. Launch the Slideshow “It’s critically important to us that we steward all the donations and that the medical supplies and medicines get to people as quickly as possible with no loss,” says Kate Sears, senior vice president for finance and technology at AmeriCares. “Whether we’re shipping IV solutions to victims of cholera in Haiti or antibiotics to Somali famine victims, we need to get the medicines there sooner because it means more people will be helped and lives improved or even saved.” Ten years ago, the tracking systems used by AmeriCares associates were paper-based. In recent years, staff started using spreadsheets, but the tracking processes were not standardized between teams. “Every team was tracking completely different information,” says Megan McDermott, senior associate, Sub-Saharan Africa partnerships, at AmeriCares. “It was just a few key things. For example, we tracked the date a shipment was supposed to arrive and the date we got reports from our partner that a hospital received aid on their end.” While the data was accurate, much detail was being lost in the process. AmeriCares management knew it could do a better job of tracking this enterprise data and in 2011 took a significant step by implementing Oracle’s Primavera P6 Professional Project Management. “It’s a comprehensive solution that has helped us improve the monitoring and controlling processes. It has allowed us to do our distribution better,” says Sears. In addition, the implementation effort has been a change agent, helping AmeriCares leadership rethink project management across the entire organization. Initially, much of the focus was on standardizing processes, but staff members also learned the importance of thinking proactively to prevent possible problems and evaluating results to determine if goals and objectives are truly being met. Such data about process efficiency and overall results is critical not only to AmeriCares staff but also to the donors supporting the organization’s life-saving missions. Efficiency Saves Lives One of AmeriCares’ core operations is to gather product donations from the private sector, establish where the most-urgent needs are, and solicit monetary support to send the aid via ocean cargo or airlift to welfare- and health-oriented nongovernmental organizations, hospitals, health networks, and government ministries based in areas in need. In 2011 alone, AmeriCares sent more than 3,500 shipments to 95 countries in response to both ongoing humanitarian needs and more than two dozen emergencies, including deadly tornadoes and storms in the U.S. and the devastating tsunami in Japan. When it comes to nonprofits in general, donors want to know that the charitable organizations they support are using funds wisely. Typically, nonprofits are evaluated by donors in terms of efficiency, an area where AmeriCares has an excellent reputation: 98 percent of expenses go directly to supporting programs and less than 2 percent represent administrative and fundraising costs. Donors, however, should look at more than simple efficiency, says Peter York, senior partner and chief research and learning officer at TCC Group, a nonprofit consultancy headquartered in New York, New York. They should also look at whether organizations have the systems in place to sustain their missions and continue to thrive. An expert on nonprofit organizational management, York has spent years studying sustainable charitable organizations. He defines them as nonprofits that are able to achieve the ongoing financial support to stay relevant and continue doing core mission work. In his analysis of well over 2,500 larger nonprofits, York has found that many are not sustaining, and are actually scaling back in size. “One of the biggest challenges of nonprofit sustainability is the general public’s perception that every dollar donated has to go only to the delivery of service,” says York. “What our data shows is that there are some fundamental capacities that have to be there in order for organizations to sustain and grow.” York’s research highlights the importance of data-driven leadership at successful nonprofits. “You’ve got to have the tools, the systems, and the technologies to get objective information on what you do, the people you serve, and the results you’re achieving,” says York. “If leaders don’t have the knowledge and the data, they can’t make the strategic decisions about programs to take organizations to the next level.” Historically, AmeriCares associates have used time-tested and cost-effective strategies to ship and then track supplies from donation to delivery to their destinations in designated time frames. When disaster strikes, AmeriCares ships by air and generally pulls out all the stops to deliver the most urgently needed aid within the first few days and weeks. Then, as situations stabilize, AmeriCares turns to delivering sea containers for the postemergency and ongoing aid so often needed over the long term. According to McDermott, getting a shipment out the door is fairly complicated, requiring as many as five different AmeriCares teams collaborating together. The entire process can take months—from when products are received in the warehouse and deciding which recipients to allocate supplies to, to getting customs and governmental approvals in place, actually shipping products, and finally ensuring that the products are received in-country. Delivering that aid is no small affair. “Our volume exceeds half a billion dollars a year worth of donated medicines and medical supplies, so it’s a sizable logistical operation to bring these products in and get them out to the right place quickly to have the most impact,” says Sears. “We really pride ourselves on our controls and efficiencies.” Adding to that complexity is the fact that the longer it takes to deliver aid, the more dire the human need can be. Any time AmeriCares associates can shave off the complicated aid delivery process can translate into lives saved. “It’s really being able to track information consistently that will help us to see where are the bottlenecks and where can we work on improving our processes,” says McDermott. Setting a Standard Productivity and information management improvements were key objectives for AmeriCares when staff began the process of implementing Oracle’s Primavera solution. But before configuring the software, the staff needed to take the time to analyze the systems already in place. According to Greg Loop, manager of database systems at AmeriCares, the organization received guidance from several consultants, including Rich D’Addario, consulting project manager in the Primavera Global Business Unit at Oracle, who was instrumental in shepherding the critical requirements-gathering phase. D’Addario encouraged staff to begin documenting shipping processes by considering the order in which activities occur and which ones are dependent on others to get accomplished. This exercise helped everyone realize that to be more efficient, they needed to keep track of shipments in a more standard way. “The staff didn’t recognize formal project management methodology,” says D’Addario. “But they did understand what the most important things are and that if they go wrong, an entire project can go off course.” Before, if a boatload of supplies was being sent to Haiti and there was a problem somewhere, a lot of time was taken up finding out where the problem was—because staff was not tracking things in a standard way. As a result, even more time was needed to find possible solutions to the problem and alert recipients that the aid might be delayed. “For everyone to put on the project manager hat and standardize the way every single thing is done means that now the whole organization is on the same page as to what needs to occur from the time a hurricane hits Haiti and when a boat pulls in to unload supplies,” says D’Addario. With so much care taken to put a process foundation firmly in place, configuring the Primavera solution was actually quite simple. Specific templates were set up for different types of shipments, and dashboards were implemented to provide executives with clear overviews of every project in the system. AmeriCares’ Loop reports that system planning, refining, and testing, followed by writing up documentation and training, took approximately four months. The system went live in spring 2011 at AmeriCares’ Connecticut headquarters. While the nonprofit has an international presence, with warehouses in Europe and offices in Haiti, India, Japan, and Sri Lanka, most donated medicines come from U.S. entities and are shipped from the U.S. out to the rest of the world. In addition, all shipments are tracked from the U.S. office. AmeriCares doesn’t expect the Primavera system to take months off the shipping time, especially for sea containers. However, any time saved is still important because it will allow aid to be delivered to people more quickly at a lower overall cost. “If we can trim a day or two here or there, that can translate into lives that we’re saving, especially in emergency situations,” says Sears. A Cultural Change Beyond the measurable benefits that come with IT-driven process improvement, AmeriCares management is seeing a change in culture as a result of the Primavera project. One change has been treating every shipment of aid as a project, and everyone involved with facilitating shipments as a project manager. “This is a revolutionary concept for us,” says McDermott. “Before, we were used to thinking we were doing logistics—getting a container from point A to point B without looking at it as one project and really understanding what it meant to manage it.” AmeriCares staff is also happy to report that collaboration within the organization is much more efficient. When someone creates a shipment in the Primavera system, the same shared template is used, which means anyone can log in to the system to see the status of a shipment. Knowledgeable staff can access a shipment project to help troubleshoot a problem. Management can easily check the status of projects across the organization. “Dashboards are really useful,” says McDermott. “Instead of going into the details of each project, you can just see the high-level real-time information at a glance.” The new system is helping team members focus on proactively managing shipments rather than simply reacting when problems occur. For example, when a container is shipped, documents must be included for customs clearance. Now, the shipping template has built-in reminders to prompt team members to ask for copies of these documents from freight forwarders and to follow up with partners to discover if a shipment is on time. In the past, staff may not have worked on securing these documents until they’d been notified a shipment had arrived in-country. Another benefit of capturing and adopting best practices within the Primavera system is that staff training is easier. “Capturing the processes in documented steps and milestones allows us to teach new staff members how to do their jobs faster,” says Sears. “It provides them with the knowledge of their predecessors so they don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel.” With the Primavera system already generating positive results, management is eager to take advantage of advanced capabilities. Loop is working on integrating the company’s proprietary inventory management system with the Primavera system so that when logistics or warehousing operators input data, the information will automatically go into the Primavera system. In the past, this information had to be manually keyed into spreadsheets, often leading to errors. Mining Historical Data Another feature on the horizon for AmeriCares is utilizing Primavera P6 Professional Project Management reporting capabilities. As the system begins to include more historical data, management soon will be able to draw on this information to conduct analysis that has not been possible before and create customized reports. For example, at the beginning of the shipment process, staff will be able to use historical data to more accurately estimate how long the approval process should take for a particular country. This could help ensure that food and medicine with limited shelf lives do not get stuck in customs or used beyond their expiration dates. The historical data in the Primavera system will also help AmeriCares with better planning year to year. The nonprofit’s staff has always put together a plan at the beginning of the year, but this has been very challenging simply because it is impossible to predict disasters. Now, management will be able to look at historical data and see trends and statistics as they set current objectives and prepare for future need. In addition, this historical data will provide AmeriCares management with the ability to review year-end data and compare actual project results with goals set at the beginning of the year—to see if desired outcomes were achieved and if there are areas that need improvement. It’s this type of information that is so valuable to donors. And, according to York, project management software can play a critical role in generating the data to help nonprofits sustain and grow. “It is important to invest in systems to help replicate, expand, and deliver services,” says York. “Project management software can help because it encourages nonprofits to examine program or service changes and how to manage moving forward.” Sears believes that AmeriCares donors will support the return on investment the organization will achieve with the Primavera solution. “It won’t be financial returns, but rather how many more people we can help for a given dollar or how much more quickly we can respond to a need,” says Sears. “I think donors are receptive to such arguments.” And for AmeriCares, it is all about the future and increasing results. The project management environment currently may be quite simple, but IT staff plans to expand the complexity and functionality as the organization grows in its knowledge of project management and the goals it wants to achieve. “As we use the system over time, we’ll continue to refine our best practices and accumulate more data,” says Sears. “It will advance our ability to make better data-driven decisions.”

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• make local only daemon listening on different interface (using iptables port forwarding)?

  - by UniIsland

  i have a daemon program which listens on 127.0.0.1:8000. i need to access it when i connect to my box with vpn. so i want it to listen on the ppp0 interface too. i've tried the "ssh -L" method. it works, but i don't think it's the right way to do that, having an extra ssh process running in the background. i tried the "netcat" method. it exits when the connection is closed. so not a valid way for "listening". i also tried several iptables rules. none of them worked. i'm not listing here all the rules i've used. iptables -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ppp+ -p tcp --dport 8000 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:8000 the above ruleset doesn't work. i have net.ipv4.ip_forward set to 1. anyone knows how to redirect traffic from ppp interface to lo? say, listen on "192.168.45.1:8000 (ppp0)" as well as "127.0.0.1:8000 (lo)" there's no need to alter the port. thanx

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• What is the root directory OR how do I set the directory in DotNetZip

  - by Chris

  where does DotNetZip get it's root directory for saving. All the save examples don't show the directory. My goal is to recurse a folder and subfolders. In each folder I want to zip all the files into one zip and delete the source files. private void CopyFolder(string srcPath, string dstPath) { if (!Directory.Exists(dstPath)) Directory.CreateDirectory(dstPath); string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(srcPath); string msg; string zipFileName; using (ZipFile z = new ZipFile(Path.Combine(srcPath,String.Format("Archive{0:yyyyMMdd}.zip", DateTime.Now)))) { z.ReadProgress += new EventHandler<ReadProgressEventArgs>(z_ReadProgress); foreach (string file in files) { FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(file); AddLog(String.Format("Adding {0}", file)); z.AddFile(file); } //z.Save(Path.Combine(srcPath, String.Format("Archive{0:yyyyMMdd}.zip", DateTime.Now))); z.Save(); if (deleteSource) { foreach (string file in files) { File.Delete(file); } } zipFileName = z.Name; } if (!compressOnly) File.Copy(Path.Combine(srcPath,zipFileName), Path.Combine(dstPath, Path.GetFileName(zipFileName))); string[] folders = Directory.GetDirectories(sourcePath); foreach (string folder in folders) { string name = Path.GetFileName(folder); string dest = Path.Combine(dstPath, name); Console.WriteLine(ln); log.Add(ln); msg = String.Format("{3}{4}Start Copy: {0}{4}Directory: {1}{4}To: {2}", DateTime.Now.ToString("G"), name, dest, ln, Environment.NewLine); AddLog(msg); if (recurseFolders) CopyFolder(folder, dest); msg = String.Format("Copied Directory: {0}{4}To: {1}\nAt: {2}{3}", folder, dest, DateTime.Now.ToString("G"), Environment.NewLine); AddLog(msg); } }

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• missing rake tasks ??

  - by richard moss

  hi I have ran gem install rails and am running 2.3.4 but i am missing some rake tasks like 'db' and 'gems' if i run rake -T i get the following tasks. How can i get all the others ? rake apache2 # Build Apache 2 module rake clean # Remove compiled files rake clobber # Remove all generated files rake default # Build everything rake doc # Generate all documentation rake doxygen # Generate Doxygen C++ API documentation if ... rake doxygen:clobber # Remove generated Doxygen C++ API documenta... rake doxygen:force # Force generation of Doxygen C++ API docume... rake fakeroot # Create a fakeroot, useful for building nat... rake nginx # Build Nginx helper server rake package # Build all the packages rake package:clean # Remove package products rake package:debian # Create a Debian package rake package:force # Force a rebuild of the package files rake package:gem # Build the gem file passenger-2.2.4.gem rake rdoc # Build the rdoc HTML Files rake rdoc:clobber # Remove rdoc products rake rdoc:force # Force a rebuild of the RDOC files rake sloccount # Run 'sloccount' to see how much code Passe... rake test # Run all unit tests and integration tests rake test:cxx # Run unit tests for the Apache 2 and Nginx ... rake test:integration # Run all integration tests rake test:integration:apache2 # Run Apache 2 integration tests rake test:integration:nginx # Run Nginx integration tests rake test:oxt # Run unit tests for the OXT library rake test:rcov # Run coverage tests for the Ruby libraries rake test:restart # Run the 'restart' integration test infinit... rake test:ruby If anyone knows why this has happened, how i can fix it or anything else that could help, please let me know thanks alot rick

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• em1: watchdog timeout -- resetting virtualbox

  - by lightmanhk

  everyone. I try to configure network adapter of my freebsd on virtualbox machine. At first setting up, I got it right. However, after a couple of reboots, my VM gives me a error message: says "em1:Watchdog timeout -- resetting" I tried to google it, and there is no solution that works for me. The following is my network adapter of my VM: Apapter1: NAT Adapter2: Host-only Adapter vboxnet0 On my Virtualbox setting: Host-only networks: Adapter: IPv4 address: 192.168.56.10 IPv4 network mask: 255.255.255.0 On my FreeBSD VM /etc/rc.conf ifconfig_em0="DHCP" ifconfig_em1="inet 192.168.56.11 netmask 255.255.255.0" Moreover, strange thing is that, for example, if timeout error message show at ttyv0 , when I log in at different ttyv[1-9], the error message will not be shown. but in ttyv0, it still gives me the message. And, in term of functionality of em1, it does work. I have no clue about this problem. Hoping any one can give me a solution or suggestion. That will be great! Thanks a lot. Freebsd version: 9.0-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE i386 Virtual box: 4.1.2 r73507

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