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  • SSD redundancy via HDD

    - by Mascarpone
    Is there a way to guarantee redundancy to an SSD using an HDD? Raid 1 is the best choice to guarantee redundancy in HDDs, but SSDs are too expensive to guarantee redundancy via RAID. If I was to couple an SSD with an HDD, could I guarantee redundancy using the HDD as a failover device, and lazily mirroring the data on the HDD? (e.g.: every 5 minutes the data should be synchronized, rather than in real time like with Raid 1).

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  • How to get rid of a stubborn 'removed' device in mdadm

    - by T.J. Crowder
    One of my server's drives failed and so I removed the failed drive from all three relevant arrays, had the drive swapped out, and then added the new drive to the arrays. Two of the arrays worked perfectly. The third added the drive back as a spare, and there's an odd "removed" entry in the mdadm details. I tried both mdadm /dev/md2 --remove failed and mdadm /dev/md2 --remove detached as suggested here and here, neither of which complained, but neither of which had any effect, either. Does anyone know how I can get rid of that entry and get the drive added back properly? (Ideally without resyncing a third time, I've already had to do it twice and it takes hours. But if that's what it takes, that's what it takes.) The new drive is /dev/sda, the relevant partition is /dev/sda3. Here's the detail on the array: # mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 26 12:27:49 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Used Dev Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 12 17:48:53 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : 2fdbf68c:d572d905:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host blah) Events : 0.34665 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - spare /dev/sda3 If it's relevant, it's a 64-bit server. It normally runs Ubuntu, but right now I'm in the data centre's "rescue" OS, which is Debian 7 (wheezy). The "removed" entry was there the last time I was in Ubuntu (it won't, currently, boot from the disk), so I don't think that's not some Ubuntu/Debian conflict (and they are, of course, closely related). Update: Having done extensive tests with test devices on a local machine, I'm just plain getting anomalous behavior from mdadm with this array. For instance, with /dev/sda3 removed from the array again, I did this: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --force --raid-devices=1 And that got rid of the "removed" device, leaving me just with /dev/sdb3. Then I nuked /dev/sda3 (wrote a file system to it, so it didn't have the raid fs anymore), then: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=2 ...which gave me an array with /dev/sdb3 in slot 0 and "removed" in slot 1 as you'd expect. Then mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3 ...added it — as a spare again. (Another 3.5 hours down the drain.) So with the rebuilt spare in the array, given that mdadm's man page says RAID-DEVICES CHANGES ... When the number of devices is increased, any hot spares that are present will be activated immediately. ...I grew the array to three devices, to try to activate the "spare": mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=3 What did I get? Two "removed" devices, and the spare. And yet when I do this with a test array, I don't get this behavior. So I nuked /dev/sda3 again, used it to create a brand-new array, and am copying the data from the old array to the new one: rsync -r -t -v --exclude 'lost+found' --progress /mnt/oldarray/* /mnt/newarray This will, of course, take hours. Hopefully when I'm done, I can stop the old array entirely, nuke /dev/sdb3, and add it to the new array. Hopefully, it won't get added as a spare!

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  • Resize underlying partitions in mdadm RAID1

    - by kyork
    I have a home built NAS, and I need to slightly reconfigure some of my drive usage. I have an mdadm RAID1 composed of two 3TB drives. Each drive has one ext3 partition that uses the entire drive. I need to shrink the ext3 partition on both drives, and add a second 8GB or so ext3 partition to one, and swap partition of equal size to the other. I think I have the steps figured out, but wanted some confirmation. Resize the mdadm RAID resize2fs /dev/md0 [size] where size is a little larger than the currently used space on the drive Remove one of the drives from the RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 Resize the removed drive with parted Add the new partition to the drive with parted Restore the drive to the RAID mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 Repeat 2-5 for the other device Resize the RAID to use the full partition mdadm --grow /dev/md0 -z max Is there anything I've missed, or haven't considered?

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  • Critique My Backup and Storage Plan

    - by MetaHyperBolic
    My current storage (RAID-1 off of a hardware RAID card) and backup (a spare drive) solutions for my home network are inadequate. I have too much data scattered on various one-off drives. It is time to evolve. Backups seem simple enough, at least: lots of big drives. However, I am bewildered by the number of choices for small home storage. The Drobo S looks appealing. So does the ReadyNAS. I am not looking for bunches of shiny features, I'm mostly interested in reliability. I am not interested in building Yet Another PC to create a file server or doing something in the cloud, or whatever. I'm stupid, so I am keeping it simple. Requirements for Main Volume: Starting working space roughly 2TB, with options for growth up to 5TB RAID or something RAID-like with at least one parity drive eSATA II for speed during backups Ability to shut down gracefully when alerted of low power by a UPS Optional but Desirable: Will take 2TB drives now with options for the larger 3TB drives coming in 2010-2011 Optional but Desirable: : RAID-6 or something similar, with two parity drives Optional but Desirable: : Hot spare Ethernet connection not required, as the volume will be shared via the same machines which runs my home print server Backups: Backup performed via ROBOCOPY in mirror mode to an external hard drive via a eSATA II connection. Start with rotating between two external 2TB hard drives, will go up to six external 2TB drives. Start with a weekly backup, move to a bi-weekly backup as more drives are added. Move to 3TB drives as the size of my main volume increases. Backup drives will be stored on an off-site location. Hard drives: I plan on buying all of the same model, but different batches from different vendors. I found a "burn-in" utility with which I can pound away on the drives for a couple of weeks before adding them to the backup pool or the main volume. I estimate that I am looking at roughly $1,500 to start, once I start throwing in two TB drives for backup and four for storage. So, are there any obvious flaws in my plan? What have I overlooked? Any suggestions for the storage device for my main volume that fits my requirements? Or do I just keep it simple, 2 drives in RAID-1, then perform due diligence with my backups, accepting that I will have to buy a whole new unit when my data grows past 2TB?

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  • Odd Tools and Techniques for System Administrators

    - by Joseph Kern
    There's been a lot of questions centering on Software Tools for System Administrators. But I would like to know about any odd physical tools or techniques that you've used; Something that you never expected to be useful, but ended up saving the day. I'll go first: A Camera Phone. An application server had a major power issue that borked the RAID. Many of the disks were offline. Before I took the plunge and forced disks back online, I took a picture of the RAID BIOS screen with my camera phone. Having the exact layout of the RAID stored safely in my pocket, I was able to reset the RAID, and reboot the server. What odd tools/techniques have you used?

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  • What does Embedded SATA Controller : ATA mean?

    - by paulH
    I have a Poweredge R510 server with a PERC H700 Integrated RAID controller that is exhibiting slower than expected disk speeds (RAID 1 and RAID 10 arrays) and I'm looking at the configuration of the server. Running the command omreport chassis biossetup on the server shows me the following configuration setting: Embedded SATA Controller : ATA I can also see that the possible options for this setting are: off | ata | qdma | raid I've been looking online to find out what this setting means and what the various options refer to but I've been unable to find anything particularly helpful, so I was hoping that somebody here could help to enlighten me. Thanks, Paul.

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  • 4TB HGST SATA drive only shows 1.62 TB in Windows Server 2012

    - by user136085
    I'm using a Supermicro X9SRE-3F motherboard with the latest BIOS and 2x 4TB drives connected to the on-board SATA controller. If I set the BIOS to RAID and create a RAID 1 array, the array shows up in the BIOS as 3.6TB. However when I boot Windows (on a separate RAID 1 array), the 4TB drives show up individually in disk manager as 2x 1.62TB drives. I could use Windows 2012 to set up software RAID 1, but when I set the BIOS back to 2x individual drives, they still show up in Windows as 2x 1.62TB drives. How do I access the full capacity of these drives? Thanks, Brian Bulaw

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  • how to install debian from a rescue cd (via ssh)

    - by tommy
    situation: server with RAID 1 (2x1000GB) currently logged in via SSH (network based debian rescue cd) need to accomplish: install a debian based Xen (maybe with: http://wiki.xen.org/xenwiki/LiveCD ?) keep RAID 1 problem: I have no physical access to the server, so i can't just drop in a cd or plug-in a usb drive. Does anyone have an ideas (or a tutorial handy) on how I can mount the LiveCD (on a read-only rescue-cd??) and the install the distru without breaking the RAID?

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  • Optimal Disk Setup for OLTP SQL Server

    - by Chris
    We have a high transaction (lots of reads and writes) database server (running SQL 2005) that is currently set up with a RAID 1 OS partition (C:) and a RAID 5 data/log/tempdb partition (D:). The C: has 2 drives and the D: has 4 drives. The server has around 300 databases ranging from 10MB to 2GB in size. I have been reading up on best practices for partioning the disks, but would like some opinions on our setup since we are so limited in the number of disks. It seems like RAID 10 is popular, but I dont think we could use it with only 6 total disks to work with. Thanks. Update I went with 3 RAID 1 Partitions (2 disks each) Partition 1: OS, TempDB, Backups Partition 2: Logs Partition 3: Data

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  • Exchange 2007 | Mailbox DB Size 180GB

    - by rihatum
    Hi All, I have a Exchange 2007 SP1 server running on Windows 2008 6 HD Drives in a RAID-1 OS, DB, Logs on separate RAID-1 Disks Size of the Mailbox Database is 183GB and increasing We only have First Storage Group and Second Storage Group There is no more space on the server to install new Physical Disks and create a Storage Group Q - Can I resize the RAID-1 Partition where the DB is ? Q - Any other suggestions as to how I can decrease the Mailbox DB Size ? Will be grateful for your suggestions on this. Kind Regards

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  • Server periodically freezing - Help Stabilizing

    - by JonDog
    We run an asp.net/sql server data collection website with a hand full of clients dumping data in and running reports. We moved to a new server (specs below) and have had issues with it freezing and having to reboot it a dozen times over the pass six months. The hosting company has mentioned possible causes (listed below) but cant give a definite answer on what is going wrong. They have offered to reconfigure how ever I like. We have benefited from having a much faster system and really dont want to get rid of the ssd's unless they are the issue. Two possible setup changes that I've talked with them about are also listed below. Any suggestions on what maybe causing the freezing issue as well as suggestion on a new setup would be great. My main questions are: Do SSD generally have problems running the OS & SQL Server on the same RAID Array? and Are the new SSD's still unrefined enough to be running in a production environment? Thanks Current: Xeon Quad Core E3-1270 3.40 Ghz 16 GB DDR3-1333 ECC SDRAM First Hard Drive: 120GB Intel SSD Second Hard Drive: 120GB Intel SSD Third Hard Drive: 120GB Intel SSD Fourth Hard Drive: 120GB Intel SSD SAS 4 Port RAID Card Windows 2012 Standard Edition - 64 Bit MSSQL 2008 Web Edition Possible Causes: Running Sql Server & OS on same RAID Array OS Software Issues Using SSD's CPU Underpowered Not enough RAM Option 1 2x Xeon Quad Core E5-2603 1.80 GHz 16 GB DDR3-1333 ECC SDRAM 1 x 240GB Intel SSD - OS 3 x 1 TB SATA HDD (7200 RPM) - SQL Server SATA 4 Port RAID Card Windows 2012 Standard Edition - 64 Bit Option 2 Dell PowerEdge E3-1270v2 3.5GHz 4 Cores 16 GB DDR3-1600 UDIMM 4 x 128 GB Samsung 840 Pro SSD Add-in H200 (SAS/SATA Controller), 4 Hard Drives - RAID 10 Windows 2012 Standard Edition - 64 Bit

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  • Virtualization Solution

    - by Xeross
    I have a home server I use for various things, and have recently switched over to using VMs, however I can't seem to find a decent VM solution that does what I want. Xen Connection keeps dropping every few minutes (So this means it's practically unusable), but with ParaVirtOps faster than VMWare ESXi, and I can use software RAID VMWare ESXi Works fine, no connection drops, but I have to run it from USB stick, modify some archive file and I can't use software RAID -- So are there any other solutions out there that do allow me to use software raid, that have a stable network connection, and that also offer paravirtualization

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  • SimpleXMLElement (PHP) throwing error on XML root attributes

    - by Greg
    I am working on a project that will take XML data submitted through a textarea input in a form then extract the data and throw it into a database. I am getting errors about the attribute in the root field of my XML (it is the same schema each time, but with different values). If i remove these attributes it works fine, but I don't want to have to remove these attributes each I time I go to send the data to the script. here is a sample of my data and code I am using (the part that is giving me errors): <raid generatedFrom="HeadCount" version="1.7.4"> --snip-- </raid> If I post the data as such, i get errors such as: Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: Entity: line 1: parser error : AttValue: " or ' expected in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: <raid generatedFrom=\"HeadCount\" version=\"1.7.4\"> in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: ^ in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: Entity: line 1: parser error : attributes construct error in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: <raid generatedFrom=\"HeadCount\" version=\"1.7.4\"> in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: ^ in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: Entity: line 1: parser error : Couldn't find end of Start Tag raid line 1 in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: <raid generatedFrom=\"HeadCount\" version=\"1.7.4\"> in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: ^ in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: Entity: line 1: parser error : Extra content at the end of the document in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: <raid generatedFrom=\"HeadCount\" version=\"1.7.4\"> in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Warning: SimpleXMLElement::__construct() [function.SimpleXMLElement---construct]: ^ in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'String could not be parsed as XML' in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php:13 Stack trace: #0 /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php(13): SimpleXMLElement->__construct('<raid generated...') #1 {main} thrown in /home/content/g/V/i/gViscardi/html/guilds/sanctum/headcount.php on line 13 If I remove the attributes from the root node then it works fine with no errors. Here is the code I am using to take and display it; <html> <head> </head> <body> <?php if(isset($_POST['h_input'])) { //echo //$xml_d = file_get_contents('php://input'); $xml_d = $_POST['h_input']; //print_r($xml_d); $xml = new SimpleXMLElement($xml_d); echo $xml->zone . "<br />"; foreach ($xml->players->player as $player) { echo $player->name . "<br />"; } } else { ?> <form action="headcount.php" method="post" name="headcount"> <textarea rows="10" cols="30" name="h_input"> </textarea> <input type="submit" /> </form> </body> </html> Any suggestions would be most helpful, thank you.

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  • Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide

    - by jchang
    Microsoft just release Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide version. The new changes are increased memory recommendation and the disks per RAID group change from 2-disk RAID 1 to 4-Disk RAID 10. Memory The earlier FTDW reference architecture cited 4GB memory per core. There was no rational behind this, but it was felt some rule was better than no rule. The new FTDW RG correctly cites the rational that more memory helps keep hash join intermediate results and sort operations in memory. 4-Disk...(read more)

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  • Installing 12.10 on Dell r710

    - by user115490
    I have been trying to install Ubuntu 12.10 on a Dell r710. I have 6 disks in each 2 TB. I setup a raid 5 in the HW raid controller with all drives, and proceeded with the OS install. When the partitioner runs it fails to create / for some reason. I then tried just setting up a simple raid 1 with 2 drives in the HW controller, and doing the OS install again. The installer runs fine this time. Once trying to boot I then get a kernel panic of 'Target File System doesn't have requested /sbin/init' as well as a bunch of 'deleted inode referenced'. Can someone tell me what I am doing wrong here?

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  • apt-get update mdadm scary warnings

    - by user568829
    Just ran an apt-get update on one of my dedicated servers to be left with a relatively scary warning: Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.26-2-686-bigmem W: mdadm: the array /dev/md/1 with UUID c622dd79:496607cf:c230666b:5103eba0 W: mdadm: is currently active, but it is not listed in mdadm.conf. if W: mdadm: it is needed for boot, then YOUR SYSTEM IS NOW UNBOOTABLE! W: mdadm: please inspect the output of /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf, compare W: mdadm: it to /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, and make the necessary changes. W: mdadm: the array /dev/md/2 with UUID 24120323:8c54087c:c230666b:5103eba0 W: mdadm: is currently active, but it is not listed in mdadm.conf. if W: mdadm: it is needed for boot, then YOUR SYSTEM IS NOW UNBOOTABLE! W: mdadm: please inspect the output of /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf, compare W: mdadm: it to /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, and make the necessary changes. W: mdadm: the array /dev/md/6 with UUID eef74de5:9267b2a1:c230666b:5103eba0 W: mdadm: is currently active, but it is not listed in mdadm.conf. if W: mdadm: it is needed for boot, then YOUR SYSTEM IS NOW UNBOOTABLE! W: mdadm: please inspect the output of /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf, compare W: mdadm: it to /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, and make the necessary changes. W: mdadm: the array /dev/md/5 with UUID 5d45b20c:04d8138f:c230666b:5103eba0 W: mdadm: is currently active, but it is not listed in mdadm.conf. if W: mdadm: it is needed for boot, then YOUR SYSTEM IS NOW UNBOOTABLE! W: mdadm: please inspect the output of /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf, compare W: mdadm: it to /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, and make the necessary changes. As instructed I inspected the output of /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf and compared with /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf and they are quite different. Here is the /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf contents: # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root # definitions of existing MD arrays ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=b93b0b87:5f7c2c46:0043fca9:4026c400 ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=c0fa8842:e214fb1a:fad8a3a2:28f2aabc ARRAY /dev/md2 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=cdc2a9a9:63bbda21:f55e806c:a5371897 ARRAY /dev/md3 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=eca75495:9c9ce18c:d2bac587:f1e79d80 # This file was auto-generated on Wed, 04 Nov 2009 11:32:16 +0100 # by mkconf $Id$ And here is the out put from /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root # definitions of existing MD arrays ARRAY /dev/md1 UUID=c622dd79:496607cf:c230666b:5103eba0 ARRAY /dev/md2 UUID=24120323:8c54087c:c230666b:5103eba0 ARRAY /dev/md5 UUID=5d45b20c:04d8138f:c230666b:5103eba0 ARRAY /dev/md6 UUID=eef74de5:9267b2a1:c230666b:5103eba0 # This configuration was auto-generated on Sat, 25 Feb 2012 13:10:00 +1030 # by mkconf 3.1.4-1+8efb9d1+squeeze1 As I understand it I need to replace the four lines that start with 'ARRAY' in the /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf file with the different four 'ARRAY' lines from the /usr/share/mdadm/mkconf output. When I did this and then ran update-initramfs -u there were no more warnings. Is what I have done above correct? I am now terrified of rebooting the server for fear it will not reboot and being a remote dedicated server this would certainly mean downtime and possibly would be expensive to get running again. FOLLOW UP (response to question): the output from mount: /dev/md1 on / type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/md2 on /boot type ext2 (rw) /dev/md5 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/md6 on /home type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) mdadm --detail /dev/md0 mdadm: md device /dev/md0 does not appear to be active. mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Aug 14 09:43:08 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 31463232 (30.01 GiB 32.22 GB) Used Dev Size : 31463232 (30.01 GiB 32.22 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Feb 25 14:03:47 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : c622dd79:496607cf:c230666b:5103eba0 Events : 0.24 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Aug 14 09:43:09 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Feb 25 13:20:20 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 24120323:8c54087c:c230666b:5103eba0 Events : 0.30 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2 mdadm --detail /dev/md3 mdadm: md device /dev/md3 does not appear to be active. mdadm --detail /dev/md5 /dev/md5: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Aug 14 09:43:09 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 2104448 (2.01 GiB 2.15 GB) Used Dev Size : 2104448 (2.01 GiB 2.15 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 5 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Feb 25 14:09:03 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 5d45b20c:04d8138f:c230666b:5103eba0 Events : 0.30 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 5 0 active sync /dev/sda5 1 8 21 1 active sync /dev/sdb5 mdadm --detail /dev/md6 /dev/md6: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Aug 14 09:43:09 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 453659456 (432.64 GiB 464.55 GB) Used Dev Size : 453659456 (432.64 GiB 464.55 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 6 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Feb 25 14:10:00 2012 State : active Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : eef74de5:9267b2a1:c230666b:5103eba0 Events : 0.31 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 6 0 active sync /dev/sda6 1 8 22 1 active sync /dev/sdb6 FOLLOW UP 2 (response to question): Output from /etc/fstab /dev/md1 / ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1 devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 #usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs noauto 0 0 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0 /dev/dvd /media/dvd auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0 # # # /dev/md2 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/sda3 swap swap pri=42 0 0 /dev/sdb3 swap swap pri=42 0 0 /dev/md5 /tmp ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md6 /home ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2

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  • sql count conditions

    - by user1311030
    there! I have this question, hope you guys can help me out. So i have this table with two fields: type and authorization in type i have 2 different values: Raid and Hold in authorization i have 2 different values: Accepted or Denied I need to make a view that returns values like this: TYPE:RAID ACCEPTED:5 DENIED:7 Basically i need to know how many of the values in TYPE are Raid, and then how many of them are Accepted and Denied. Thank you in advance!!

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  • What is a good layout for a somewhat advanced home network and storage solution?

    - by Shaun
    My home network/storage needs are changing and I am searching for some opinions and starting points on what a good network/storage layout would be that can serve my needs for a few years into the future. I think I have a decent starting point for equipment, but I am also willing to invest fairly heavily in a solution that can last me for a while. I am a bit of a tech nerd and I have a moderate tolerance for setup of the solution. I would prefer if maintenance of the system is somewhat low once it is setup, but I am willing to accept some tradeoffs. Existing equipment: Router - Netgear WNDR3700 (gigabit) Router - DLink Gamerlounge DGL-4300 (gigabit) Switch - 16 port Trendnet green switch (gigabit) Switch - 5 port Trendnet green (gigabit) Computer - i7-950 office computer (gigabit ethernet) Computer - Q6600 quad core media center, hooked up to TV, records shows (gigabit ethernet) Computer - Acer 1810T ultraportable laptop (gigabit and N ethernet) NAS - Intel SS4200-E (gigabit) External hard drive - 2TB WD Green drive (esata) All kinds of miscellaneous network connected TV, Bluray, Verizon network extender, HDhomerun TV tuners, etc. Requirements: -Robust backup solution for a growing collection of huge family picture files and personal files, around 1.5TB. (Including offsite backup) -Central location for all user's files, while also keeping them secure from each other. -Storage for terabytes of movie backups and recorded TV, and access to them from all computers (maybe around 4TB eventually) -Possibility to host files to friends and family easily Nice to have: -Backup of terabytes of movie backups Intriguing possibilities: -Capability to have users' Windows desktops and files look the same from all network computers I am not sure if the new Windows Home Server 2011 would fit into this well, if I need a domain server, how best to organize my backups, or how to most effectively use RAID. Currently I am simply backing up all computers to a RAID 1 on the NAS box, which I was thinking could prevent a situation where I reach for a backup and find that the disk is corrupt. One possibility that I am thinking about now is simply using my media center PC with a huge RAID of hard drives on which all files are stored. Pseudo-backup of all files would be present because of the RAID, but important files would also be backed up off site via carrying hard drives to work. But what if corruption seeps into the files and the corrupted data is then backed up? Does RAID protect against this? I really want to take next to zero risks with the irreplaceable files. I can handle some degree of risk with the movies and other files. I'm looking for critiques on this idea as well as other possibilities. To summarize, my goal is high functionality, media capable, and robust backup of irreplaceable files.

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  • MegaCli newly created disk doesn't appear under /dev/sdX

    - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur
    After having successfully added 2 new disks in a new RAID virtual drive (background initialization done), I would have exepected it to appear under /dev/sdh but it's not there (so, unusable). The system is running a CentOS 5.2 64 bits, HAL and udev daemons are running, not records of any sdh apparition under the messsage log file or in dmesg, only MegaCli do see that virtual drive. Any idea ? Some data: [root@server ~]# ./MegaCli -LDInfo -LALL -a0 Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information: Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name: RAID Level: Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size:139392MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:2 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name: RAID Level: Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size:285568MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:2 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default [root@server ~]# ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-360* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36001ec90f82fe100108ca0a704098d09 -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36001ec90f82fe100108ca0a704098d09-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36001ec90f82fe100108ca0a704098d09-part2 -> ../../sda2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe07e78f94940c0000a0ee -> ../../sdf lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe07e78f94940c0000a0ee-part1 -> ../../sdf1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe972a3f91240a0000005f -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fe972a3f91240a0000005f-part1 -> ../../sdb1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fea7e18f94640c000020ec -> ../../sde lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fea7e18f94640c000020ec-part1 -> ../../sde1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0feb7da8f94340c0000203d -> ../../sdd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0feb7da8f94340c0000203d-part1 -> ../../sdd1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fed7d78f94040c000080b7 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a028e0fed7d78f94040c000080b7-part1 -> ../../sdc1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a05830145e58e0b9c479000010a1 -> ../../sdg lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 17 2010 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36090a05830145e58e0b9c479000010a1-part1 -> ../../sdg1

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  • Benchmarking a file server

    - by Joel Coel
    I'm working on building a new file server... a simple Windows Server box with a few terabytes of disk space to share on the LAN. Pain for current hard drive prices aside :( -- I would like to get some benchmarks for this device under load compared to our old server. The old server was installed in 2005 and had 5 136GB 10K disks in RAID 5. The new server has 8 1TB disks in two RAID 10 volumes (plus a hot spare for each volume), but they're only 7.2K rpm, and of course with a much larger cache size. I'd like to get an idea of the performance expectations of the new server relative to the old. Where do I get started? I'd like to know both raw potential under different kinds of load for each server, as well an idea of what our real-world load looks like and how it will translate. Will disk load even matter, or will performance be more driven by the network connection? I could probably fumble through some disk i/o and wait counters in performance monitor, but I don't really know what to look for, which counters to watch, or for how long and when. FWIW, I'm expecting a nice improvement because of the benefits of having two different volumes and the better RAID 10 performance vs RAID 5, in spite of using slower disks... but I'd like to get an idea of how much.

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  • SAS vs Near-line SAS vs SATA

    - by David
    I'm unsure about the differences in these storage interfaces. My Dell servers all have SAS RAID controllers in them and they seem to be cross-compatible to an extent. The Ultra-320 SCSI RAID controllers in my old servers were simple enough: One type of interface (SCA) with special drives with special controllers, humming at 10-15K RPM. But these SAS/SATA drives seem like the drives I have in my desktop, only more expensive. Also my old SCSI controllers have their own battery backup and DDR buffer - neither of these things are present on the SAS controllers. What's up with that? "Enterprise" SATA drives are compatible with my SAS RAID controller, but I'd like to know what advantage SAS drives have over SATA drives as they seem to have similar specs (but one is a lot cheaper). Also, how do SSDs fit into this? I remember when RAID controllers required HDDs to spin at the same rate (as if the controller card supplanted the controller in the drive) - so how does that work out now? And what's the deal with Near-line SATA? I apologise about the rambling tone in this message, it's 5am and I haven't slept much.

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  • EFI vs MBR - Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 or 2012 on 8TB

    - by Riaan de Lange
    I'm having some difficulty installing Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012 on an Intel Server platform. The server specs is as follows: Intel Grizzly Pass Server System - R2308GZ4GC 2x Intel Xeon 2620 - 2.0 GHZ - BX80621E52620 132 GB of Memory REG-DIMM - TS1GKR72V6H 4x Seagate Constellation ES 2TB 3.5" 7200rpm 6GB/S - ST32000645NS Intel Big Laurel 4CH 6G SAS RAID 512MB - RS2BL040 On the Intel RAID Controller Setup, I have setup the HDD to be in RAID-0 - for testing purposes. (Ultimately configured in RAID-5) So, the total size of HDD space I can use is 7.6 TB something... When I install the Server OS's, they don't seem to go beyond 2 TB (1.76 TB) I have read up on EFI and UEFI boot, and this seems to work in 2012, but I could not install any drivers for the motherboard... So, I also tried EFI for 2008R2, and this worked while installing the OS, it did not however work with the Windows Boot Manager option in the BIOS. It kept on freezing once it tries to load the partition. My idea was to allocate the complete 8 TB for the OS, and load a few VM's on there. I have now started with a new approach where I'll have a 256 GB OS Partition, and a secondary 7.5 TB Data partition. Oh, and I also did a diskpart - convert disk to gpt whilst installing 2008R2. The whole disk was accessible, 7.6TB Can anyone please clarify that EFI/UEFI is meant for larger boot volumes? Bigger than 2TB. If I were to have an ideal situation where my OS is run on a SSD, 256GB, and I can attach the 8 TB drives as normal disk to the OS? I'm I correct in saying that if I wanted to boot from a 8TB partition, I would need to force the BIOS to boot from EFI? The limit for MBR is 2 TB as far as I know now... *FYI: The motherboard is EFI-ready

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  • Managing disk in a VM

    - by dst
    I'm replacing my two old rack servers with a new one that has plenty of power to take over the functionality my current servers. The server is a 4U rack mount with 16 3.5" SAS drive bays, two 2.5" bays, a Xeon E3-1230v2 CPU and 32GB of ECC RAM. My issue is the following. I would like to have a FreeBSD file server with ZFS managing disks. However, I need other VMs for e.g. a shell/git server, mail server etc. I'm wondering how to deal with the following issues: I want ZFS to fully manage the disks, so I'm not using any hardware RAID. Should I pass the SAS controller directly to the FreeBSD system as passthrough PCI? I want to maximize the reliability of the setup. On what disks should I install the hypervsor and keep server system disks? For (2) I have the option of having a RAID setup on the SAS controller and using that as system disk to store the hypervisor as well as VM images. However, this makes PCI passthrough to the file server impossible. Another option is using the two 2.5" bays. In terms of reliability how are SSDs compared to e.g. WD RE4 disks? Would it make sense to have two SSDs in software RAID as boot disks for the hypervisor or should I just go with e.g. WD RE4 disks in a software RAID setup. I also need to think about where to store the mails for the mail server, but this could be done over NFS between the VMs. BTW, this is for home use, so the load is not really that big. What I'm looking for is best practices for splitting up a server.

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  • SSD/HDD not exceeding 120 MB/s

    - by skiwi
    SO here is the situation: First this was my old PC, it had a 2x 1TB RAID 0 and a Corsair Force 3 SSD in it. This were the old speeds, measured by HDTune Pro. 2x 1TB RAID 0: Corsair Force 3 SSD Then my dad got my PC and we had several issues, in the end turned out both RAID and SSD controller were malfunctioning causing BlueScreens on 100% load. Removed the RAID 0, but leaving the HDD's intact and bought an Samsung 840 EVO 120GB, though the Corsair SSD is still in the system, just not as sytem disk anymore. 1TB HDD (one of them): Corsair SSD: Samsung SSD: We did not assemble the PC ourselves, so answering some technical questions might be more difficult, though we will do our best. First thing we noticed is that the Samsung 840 EVO is no where reaching it's advertised speed, even an Samsung 840 250GB (non-EVO) is reaching 350 MB/s in my own PC. Then we noticed that both SSD's are capped at 120 MB/s exactly, not sure if this is being caused by HDTune Pro, but very unlikely. And even worse, the Corsair Forza 3 was running faster before the system got reassembled. Does anyone have any clue what is going on?

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  • Windows Server 2003 (w/Exchange) move to new machine

    - by James Booker
    I have an ageing domain controller (the only one on a 10-pc network) which needs rebooting often. I have a Dell Poweredge 2850 server doing nothing, so I'd like to move the DC to that, but here's the catch - I don't have Win2k Server Std install media any more as it's been lost. I purchased "Easus Todo Backup Advanced Server" which claims to be able to recover to dissimilar metal, but it's not quite working (although I don't think it's the product's fault) I know the server and PERC RAID card are good because I installed Ubuntu on the logical drive (4 x 72GB disks RAID 5) no problems. I've booted frmo the Easus Todo backup CD (which is WinPE based) and recovered to the logical disk on the RAID (after installing driver inside the WinPE environment from a NAS drive) The problem is when I boot the server, I can get the OS selection menu, but any option results in a blank screen, with no errors. I figure this is probably because the driver wasn't installed on the old machine (which is IDE-based (i know, i know!) and doesn;t have a RAID controller) I've booted from the CD and copied the mraid35x.sys file to the c:\windows\system32\drivers folder on the recovered system, but it makes no difference. I made a boot.ini with rdisks 0-10 defined, and booting from each of these resulted in a file error (i.e. 'this isn't a real disk') - the only disk that gets any response (the blank screen) is multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) which just gives me the blank black screen and no disk activity. Is there any way I can force the drvier to be installed on the source system (so i can do a full backup again), i've tried right-clicking the oemsetup.inf and clicking install, but it didn't actually do anything. I attempted to force it with the 'Add new hardware' wizard and forcing with the 'have disk' option but it still gave me no hardware to select. Also I've got an identical machine running WinXP which uses the PERC driver successfully (which was obviously done at install time) and the boot.ini settings are the same : multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) Any ideas would be appreciated.

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