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  • Exposing a "dumbed-down", read-only instance of a Model in GAE

    - by Blixt
    Does anyone know a clever way, in Google App Engine, to return a wrapped Model instance that only exposes a few of the original properties, and does not allow saving the instance back to the datastore? I'm not looking for ways of actually enforcing these rules, obviously it'll still be possible to change the instance by digging through its __dict__ etc. I just want a way to avoid accidental exposure/changing of data. My initial thought was to do this (I want to do this for a public version of a User model): class ReadOnlyUser(db.Model): display_name = db.StringProperty() @classmethod def kind(cls): return 'User' def put(self): raise SomeError() Unfortunately, GAE maps the kind to a class early on, so if I do ReadOnlyUser.get_by_id(1) I will actually get a User instance back, not a ReadOnlyUser instance.

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  • How do I use multiple settings file in Django with multiple sites on one server?

    - by William Bing Hua
    I have an ec2 instance running Ubuntu 14.04 and I want to host two sites from it. On my first site I have two settings file, production_settings.py and settings.py (for local development). I import the local settings into the production settings and override any settings with the production settings file. Since my production settings file is not the default settings.py name, I have to create an environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='site1.production_settings' However because of this whenever I try to start my second site it says No module named site1.production_settings I am assuming that this is due to me setting the environment variable. Another problem is that I won't be able to use different settings file for different sites. How do I start use two different settings file for two different websites?

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  • Best way to test instance methods without running __init__

    - by KenFar
    I've got a simple class that gets most of its arguments via init, which also runs a variety of private methods that do most of the work. Output is available either through access to object variables or public methods. Here's the problem - I'd like my unittest framework to directly call the private methods called by init with different data - without going through init. What's the best way to do this? So far, I've been refactoring these classes so that init does less and data is passed in separately. This makes testing easy, but I think the usability of the class suffers a little. EDIT: Example solution based on Ignacio's answer: import types class C(object): def __init__(self, number): new_number = self._foo(number) self._bar(new_number) def _foo(self, number): return number * 2 def _bar(self, number): print number * 10 #--- normal execution - should print 160: ------- MyC = C(8) #--- testing execution - should print 80 -------- MyC = object.__new__(C) MyC._bar(8)

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  • numpy array mapping and take average

    - by user566653
    Dear all, I have three array value = np.array ([1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 3]) index = np.array ([1, 1, 3, 3, 6, 6, 6]) data = np.array ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) and want to take average for item of "value" by array "index", and assign a new array with value of "data", such as [2, nan, 4, nan, nan, 5] first value is the average of 1st and 2nd of "value" second value is nan because there is not any key in "index" third value is the average of 3rd and 4th of "value" ... Thanks for your help!!! Regards, Roy

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  • Transaction within transaction

    - by user281521
    Hello, I want to know if open a transaction inside another is safe and encouraged? I have a method: def foo(): session.begin try: stuffs except Exception, e: session.rollback() raise e session.commit() and a method that calls the first one, inside a transaction: def bar(): stuffs try: foo() #<<<< there it is :) stuffs except Exception, e: session.rollback() raise e session.commit() if I get and exception on the foo method, all the operations will be rolled back? and everything else will work just fine? thanks!!

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  • Send Special Keys to Gtk.VteTerminal

    - by Ubersoldat
    Hi I have this OSS Project called Monocaffe connections manager which uses the Gtk.VteTerminal widget from PyGTK. A nice feature is that it allows the users to send commands to different servers' consoles (cluster mode) using a Gtk.TextView for the input. The way I send key strokes to each Gtk.VteTerminal is by using the feed_child method. For common keys there's no problem: I simply feed what the TextView receives to all the terminals, but when doing so with special keys I get into a little trouble. For "Return" I catch the event and feed the terminal a '\n'. For back-space is the same, catch the event and feed a '\b'. def cluster_backspace(self, widget): return self.cluster_send_key('\b') The problem comes with other keys like Tab, Arrows, Esc which I don't know how to feed as str to the terminal to recognize them. In the case of Esc is a real pain, because the users can edit the same file on different servers using vi, but cannot escape insert mode. Anyway, I'm not looking for a complete solution, just ideas since I've ran out of them. Thanks.

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  • What is the difference between a site and an app in Django?

    - by larf311
    I know a site can have many apps but all the examples I see have the site called "mysite". I figured the site would be the name of your site, like StackOverflow for example. Would you do that and then have apps like "authentication", "questions", and "search"? Or would you really just have a site called mysite with one app called StackOverflow?

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  • Celery / Django Single Tasks being run multiple times

    - by felix001
    I'm facing an issue where I'm placing a task into the queue and it is being run multiple times. From the celery logs I can see that the same worker is running the task ... [2014-06-06 15:12:20,731: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: input.tasks.add_queue [2014-06-06 15:12:20,750: INFO/Worker-2] starting runner.. [2014-06-06 15:12:20,759: INFO/Worker-2] collection started [2014-06-06 15:13:32,828: INFO/Worker-2] collection complete [2014-06-06 15:13:32,836: INFO/Worker-2] generation of steps complete [2014-06-06 15:13:32,836: INFO/Worker-2] update created [2014-06-06 15:13:33,655: INFO/Worker-2] email sent [2014-06-06 15:13:33,656: INFO/Worker-2] update created [2014-06-06 15:13:34,420: INFO/Worker-2] email sent [2014-06-06 15:13:34,421: INFO/Worker-2] FINISH - Success However when I view the actual logs of the application it is showing 5-6 log lines for each step (??). Im using Django 1.6 with RabbitMQ. The method for placing into the queue is via placing a delay on a function. This function (task decorator is added( then calls a class which is run. Has anyone any idea on the best way to troubleshoot this ? Edit : As requested heres the code, views.py In my view im sending my data to the queue via ... from input.tasks import add_queue_project add_queue_project.delay(data) tasks.py from celery.decorators import task @task() def add_queue_project(data): """ run project """ logger = logging_setup(app="project") logger.info("starting project runner..") f = project_runner(data) f.main() class project_runner(): """ main project runner """ def __init__(self,data): self.data = data self.logger = logging_setup(app="project") def self.main(self): .... Code settings.py THIRD_PARTY_APPS = ( 'south', # Database migration helpers: 'crispy_forms', # Form layouts 'rest_framework', 'djcelery', ) import djcelery djcelery.setup_loader() BROKER_HOST = "127.0.0.1" BROKER_PORT = 5672 # default RabbitMQ listening port BROKER_USER = "test" BROKER_PASSWORD = "test" BROKER_VHOST = "test" CELERY_BACKEND = "amqp" # telling Celery to report the results back to RabbitMQ CELERY_RESULT_DBURI = "" CELERY_IMPORTS = ("input.tasks", ) celeryd The line im running is to start celery, python2.7 manage.py celeryd -l info Thanks,

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  • Django Template Inheritance -- Missing Images?

    - by user367817
    Howdy, I have got the following file heirarchy: project   other stuff   templates       images           images for site       app1           templates for app1       registration           login template       base.html (base for entire site)       style.css (for base.html) In the login template, I am extending 'base.html.' 'base.html' uses 'style.css' along with all of the images in the 'templates/images' directory. For some reason, none of the CSS styles or images will show up in the login template, even though I'm extending it. Does this missing image issue have something to do with screwed up "media" settings somewhere? I never understood those, but this is a major roadblock in my proof-of-concept, so any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • How fast are App Engine db.get(keys) and A.all(keys_only=True).filter('b =', b).fetch(1000)?

    - by Liron Shapira
    A db.get() of 50 keys seems to take me 5-6 seconds. Is that normal? What is the time a function of? I also did a A.all(keys_only=True).filter('b =', b).fetch(1000) where A.b is a ReferenceProperty. I did 50 such round trips to the datastore, with different values of b, and the total time was only 3-4 seconds. How is this possible? db.get() is done in parallel, with only one trip to the datastore, and I would think that looking up an entity by key is a faster operation than fetch.

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  • 50 million+ Rows of Data - CSV or MySQL

    - by eWizardII
    Hello, I have a CSV file which is about 1GB big and contains about 50million rows of data, I am wondering is it better to keep it as a CSV file or store it as some form of a database. I don't know a great deal about MySQL to argue for why I should use it or another database framework over just keeping it as a CSV file. I am basically doing a Breadth-First Search with this dataset, so once I get the initial "seed" set the 50million I use this as the first values in my queue. Thanks,

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  • Online job-searching is tedious. Help me automate it.

    - by ehsanul
    Many job sites have broken searches that don't let you narrow down jobs by experience level. Even when they do, it's usually wrong. This requires you to wade through hundreds of postings that you can't apply for before finding a relevant one, quite tedious. Since I'd rather focus on writing cover letters etc., I want to write a program to look through a large number of postings, and save the URLs of just those jobs that don't require years of experience. I don't require help writing the scraper to get the html bodies of possibly relevant job posts. The issue is accurately detecting the level of experience required for the job. This should not be too difficult as job posts are usually very explicit about this ("must have 5 years experience in..."), but there may be some issues with overly simple solutions. In my case, I'm looking for entry-level positions. Often they don't say "entry-level", but inclusion of the words probably means the job should be saved. Next, I can safely exclude a job the says it requires "5 years" of experience in whatever, so a regex like /\d\syears/ seems reasonable to exclude jobs. But then, I realized some jobs say they'll take 0-2 years of experience, matches the exclusion regex but is clearly a job I want to take a look at. Hmmm, I can handle that with another regex. But some say "less than 2 years" or "fewer than 2 years". Can handle that too, but it makes me wonder what other patterns I'm not thinking of, and possibly excluding many jobs. That's what brings me here, to find a better way to do this than regexes, if there is one. I'd like to minimize the false negative rate and save all the jobs that seem like they might not require many years of experience. Does excluding anything that matches /[3-9]\syears|1\d\syears/ seem reasonable? Or is there a better way? Training a bayesian filter maybe?

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  • Most secure way to generate a random session ID for a cookie?

    - by ensnare
    I'm writing my own sessions controller that issues a unique id to a user once logged in, and then verifies and authenticates that unique id at every page load. What is the most secure way to generate such an id? Should the unique id be completely random? Is there any downside to including the user id as part of the unique id?

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  • Is there something similar to 'rake routes' in django?

    - by The MYYN
    In rails, on can show the active routes with rake (http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html): $ rake routes users GET /users {:controller=>"users", :action=>"index"} formatted_users GET /users.:format {:controller=>"users", :action=>"index"} POST /users {:controller=>"users", :action=>"create"} POST /users.:format {:controller=>"users", :action=>"create"} Is there a similar tool/command for django showing the e.g. the URL pattern, the name of the pattern (if any) and the associated function in the views?

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  • PyGTK: Radiobuttons are still displayed after removal

    - by canavanin
    Hi everyone! I am using PyGTK and the gtk.assistant. On one page I would like to display two radiobuttons in case the user selected a certain option on a previous page. The labels of the buttons - and whether the buttons are to be present at all - are to depend entirely on that earlier selection. Furthermore, if the user goes back and changes that selection, the page containing the radiobuttons is to be updated accordingly. I have got as far as having the radiobuttons displayed when necessary, and with the correct labels. The trouble is that if I go back and change the determining selection, or if I move one page further than the 'radiobutton page' and then move back, the buttons are not only not removed (in case that would have been required), their number has also doubled. To show you what I'm doing, here's part of my code (I've left out bits that do unrelated things, that's why the function name doesn't fit). The function is called when the "prepare" signal is emitted prior to construction of the 'radiobutten page'. def make_class_skills_treestore(self): print self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children() # PRINT 1 for child in self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children(): if type(child) == gtk.RadioButton: self.trained_by_default_hbox.remove(child) #child.destroy() # <-- removed the labels, but not the buttons print self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children() # PRINT 2 class_skills = self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills.values() default_trained_count = (class_skills.count([True, True]) , class_skills.count([True, False])) num_default_trained_skills = default_trained_count[1] / 2 # you have to pick one of a pair --> don't # count each as trained by default for i in range(default_trained_count[0]): # those are trained by default --> no choice num_default_trained_skills +=1 selected_class = self.get_classes_key_from_class_selection() if default_trained_count[1]: for skill in self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills.keys(): if self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills[skill] == [ True, False ] and not self.default_radio: self.default_radio.append(gtk.RadioButton(group=None, label=skill)) elif self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills[skill] == [ True, False ] and self.default_radio: self.default_radio.append(gtk.RadioButton(group=self.default_radio[0], label=skill)) if self.default_radio: for radio in self.default_radio: self.trained_by_default_hbox.add(radio) self.trained_by_default_hbox.show_all() self.trained_by_default_hbox and self.trained_by_default_label, as well as self.default_radio stem from the above function's class. I have two print statements (PRINT 1 and PRINT 2) in there for debugging. Here's what they give me: PRINT 1: [<gtk.Label object at 0x8fc4c84 (GtkLabel at 0x90a2f20)>, <gtk.RadioButton object at 0x8fc4d4c (GtkRadioButton at 0x90e4018)>, <gtk.RadioButton object at 0x8fc4cac (GtkRadioButton at 0x90ceec0)>] PRINT 2: [<gtk.Label object at 0x8fc4c84 (GtkLabel at 0x90a2f20)>] So the buttons have indeed been removed, yet they still show up on the page. I know the code requires some refactoring, but first I'd like to get it to work at all... If someone could help me out that would be great! Thanks a lot in advance for your replies - any kind of help is highly appreciated.

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  • subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

    - by madptr
    I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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  • Element not found blocks execution in Selenium

    - by Mariano
    In my test, I try to verify if certain text exists (after an action) using find_element_by_xpath. If I use the right expression and my test pass, the routine ends correctly in no time. However if I try a wrong text (meaning that the test will fail) it hangs forever and I have to kill the script otherwise it does not end. Here is my test (the expression Thx user, client or password you entered is incorrect does not exist in the system, no matter what the user does): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import gettext import unittest from selenium import webdriver class TestWrongLogin(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() self.driver.get("http://10.23.1.104:8888/") # let's check the language try: self.lang = self.driver.execute_script("return navigator.language;") self.lang = self.lang("-")[0] except: self.lang = "en" language = gettext.translation('app', '/app/locale', [self.lang], fallback=True) language.install() self._ = gettext.gettext def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit() def test_wrong_client(self): # test wrong client inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("login") inputElement.send_keys("root") inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("client") inputElement.send_keys("Unleash") inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("password") inputElement.send_keys("qwerty") self.driver.find_element_by_name("form.submitted").click() # wait for the db answer self.driver.implicitly_wait(10) ret = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath( "//*[contains(.,'{0}')]".\ format(self._(u"Thx user, client or password you entered is incorrect"))) self.assertTrue(isinstance(ret, webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement)) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() Why does it do that and how can I prevent it?

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  • How can I disable a model field in a django form

    - by jammon
    I have a model like this: class MyModel(models.Model): REGULAR = 1 PREMIUM = 2 STATUS_CHOICES = ((REGULAR, "regular"), (PREMIUM, "premium")) name = models.CharField(max_length=30) status = models.IntegerField(choices = STATUS_CHOICES, default = REGULAR) class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.MyModel In a view I initialize one field and try to make it non-editable: myform = MyForm(initial = {'status': requested_status}) myform.fields['status'].editable = False But the user can still change that field. What's the real way to accomplish what I'm after?

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  • Replace ",**" with a linebreak using RegEx (or something else)

    - by John
    I'm getting started with RegEx and I was wondering if anyone could help me craft a statement to convert coordinates as follows: 145.00694,-37.80421,9 145.00686,-37.80382,9 145.00595,-37.8035,16 145.00586,-37.80301,16 to 145.00694,-37.80421 145.00686,-37.80382 145.00595,-37.8035 145.00586,-37.80301 (Strip off the last comma and value and turn it into a line break.) I can't figure out how to use wildcards to do something like that. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks.

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  • Matplotlib not showing up in Mac OSX

    - by Werner
    Hi, I am running Mac OSX 10.5.8. I installed matplotlib using macports. I get some examples from the matplotlib gallery like this one, without modification: http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/examples/api/unicode_minus.html I run it, get no error, but the picture does not show up. In Linux Ubuntu I get it. Do you know what could be wrong here? Thanks

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