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  • Best way to test instance methods without running __init__

    - by KenFar
    I've got a simple class that gets most of its arguments via init, which also runs a variety of private methods that do most of the work. Output is available either through access to object variables or public methods. Here's the problem - I'd like my unittest framework to directly call the private methods called by init with different data - without going through init. What's the best way to do this? So far, I've been refactoring these classes so that init does less and data is passed in separately. This makes testing easy, but I think the usability of the class suffers a little. EDIT: Example solution based on Ignacio's answer: import types class C(object): def __init__(self, number): new_number = self._foo(number) self._bar(new_number) def _foo(self, number): return number * 2 def _bar(self, number): print number * 10 #--- normal execution - should print 160: ------- MyC = C(8) #--- testing execution - should print 80 -------- MyC = object.__new__(C) MyC._bar(8)

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  • How can I implement "real time" messaging on Google AppEngine?

    - by Freed
    I'm creating a web application on Google AppEngine where I want the user to be notified a quickly as possible after certain events occour. The problem is similar to say a chat server in that I need something happening on one connection (someone is writing a message in a chat room) to propagate to a number of other connections (other people in that chat room gets the message). To get speedy updates from the server to the client I'm planning on using long polling with XmlHttpRequest, hoping that AppEngine won't interfere other than possibly restriing the timeout. The real problem however is efficient notification between connections on AppEngine. Is there any support for this type of cross connection notification on AppEngine that does not involve busy-waiting? The only tools I can think of to do this at all is either using the data storage (slow) or memcache (unreliable), and none of them would let me avoid busy-waiting. Note: I know about XMPP support on AppEngine. It's related, but I want a browser based solution, sending messages to the users by XMPP is not an option.

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  • which file stored os.environ,and store where , disk c: or disk d:

    - by zjm1126
    my code is : os.environ['ss']='ssss' print os.environ and it show : {'TMP': 'C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp', 'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC-200908062210', 'USERDOMAIN': 'PC-200908062210', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'x86 Family 6 Model 15 Stepping 2, GenuineIntel', 'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '0f02', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'PATH': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Program Files\\Hewlett-Packard\\IAM\\bin;C:\\Program Files\\Common Files\\Thunder Network\\KanKan\\Codecs;D:\\Program Files\\TortoiseSVN\\bin;d:\\Program Files\\Mercurial\\;D:\\Program Files\\Graphviz2.26.3\\bin;D:\\TDDOWNLOAD\\ok\\gettext\\bin;D:\\Python25;C:\\Program Files\\StormII\\Codec;C:\\Program Files\\StormII;D:\\zjm_code\\;D:\\Python25\\Scripts;D:\\MinGW\\bin;d:\\Program Files\\Google\\google_appengine\\', 'TEMP': 'C:\\DOCUME~1\\ADMINI~1\\LOCALS~1\\Temp', 'BID': '56727834-D5C3-4EBF-BFAA-FA0933E4E721', 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'x86', 'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\All Users', 'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'HOMEPATH': '\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator', 'USERNAME': 'Administrator', 'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC-200908062210', 'COMSPEC': 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32\\cmd.exe', 'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH', 'CLIENTNAME': 'Console', 'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'WINDIR': 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'APPDATA': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\Application Data', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:', 'SS': 'ssss', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '2', 'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'OS': 'Windows_NT', 'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator'} i find google-app-engine set user_id in os.version not in session,look here at line 96-100 and line 257 , and aeoid at line 177 , and i want to know : which file stored os.environ ,and store where , disk c: ,or disk d: ? thanks

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  • A faster alternative to Pandas `isin` function

    - by user3576212
    I have a very large data frame df that looks like: ID Value1 Value2 1345 3.2 332 1355 2.2 32 2346 1.0 11 3456 8.9 322 And I have a list that contains a subset of IDs ID_list. I need to have a subset of df for the ID contained in ID_list. Currently, I am using df_sub=df[df.ID.isin(ID_list)] to do it. But it takes a lot time. IDs contained in ID_list doesn't have any pattern, so it's not within certain range. (And I need to apply the same operation to many similar dataframes. I was wondering if there is any faster way to do this. Will it help a lot if make ID as the index? Thanks!

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  • Django Template Inheritance -- Missing Images?

    - by user367817
    Howdy, I have got the following file heirarchy: project   other stuff   templates       images           images for site       app1           templates for app1       registration           login template       base.html (base for entire site)       style.css (for base.html) In the login template, I am extending 'base.html.' 'base.html' uses 'style.css' along with all of the images in the 'templates/images' directory. For some reason, none of the CSS styles or images will show up in the login template, even though I'm extending it. Does this missing image issue have something to do with screwed up "media" settings somewhere? I never understood those, but this is a major roadblock in my proof-of-concept, so any help is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Combine Related Resources With TastyPie

    - by Aaron Ng
    How can I combine multiple Resources in TastyPie? I have 3 models I'd like to combine: users, profiles and posts. Ideally I'd like profiles nested within user. I'm not sure where to go from here. class UserResource(ModelResource): class Meta: queryset = User.objects.all() resource_name = 'user' fields = ['username','id','date_joined'] #Improper Auth authorization = Authorization() class UserProfileResource(ModelResource): class Meta: queryset = UserProfile.objects.all() resource_name = 'profile' class UserPostResource(ModelResource): user = fields.ForeignKey(UserResource,'user', full=True) class Meta: queryset = UserPost.objects.all() resource_name = 'userpost' #Improper Auth authorization = Authorization()

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  • 50 million+ Rows of Data - CSV or MySQL

    - by eWizardII
    Hello, I have a CSV file which is about 1GB big and contains about 50million rows of data, I am wondering is it better to keep it as a CSV file or store it as some form of a database. I don't know a great deal about MySQL to argue for why I should use it or another database framework over just keeping it as a CSV file. I am basically doing a Breadth-First Search with this dataset, so once I get the initial "seed" set the 50million I use this as the first values in my queue. Thanks,

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  • Transaction within transaction

    - by user281521
    Hello, I want to know if open a transaction inside another is safe and encouraged? I have a method: def foo(): session.begin try: stuffs except Exception, e: session.rollback() raise e session.commit() and a method that calls the first one, inside a transaction: def bar(): stuffs try: foo() #<<<< there it is :) stuffs except Exception, e: session.rollback() raise e session.commit() if I get and exception on the foo method, all the operations will be rolled back? and everything else will work just fine? thanks!!

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  • Solving linear system over integers with numpy

    - by A. R. S.
    I'm trying to solve an overdetermined linear system of equations with numpy. Currently, I'm doing something like this (as a simple example): a = np.array([[1,0], [0,1], [-1,1]]) b = np.array([1,1,0]) print np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0] [ 1. 1.] This works, but uses floats. Is there any way to solve the system over integers only? I've tried something along the lines of print map(int, np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0]) [0, 1] in order to convert the solution to an array of ints, expecting [1, 1], but clearly I'm missing something. Could anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • Horizontal scrolling in a wx.RichTextCtrl

    - by Sam
    I have a RichTextCtrl created as follows: self.userlist = wx.richtext.RichTextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY|wx.HSCROLL) It all works fine, except for the wx.HSCROLL style. If I change the RichTextCtrl to a regular TextCtrl, it correctly horizontal scrolls on long lines, rather than wrapping, but on the RichTextCtrl it wraps regardless. Is there an easy way to make it scroll horizontally? (I do, unfortunately, need the RichTextCtrl's featureset for this object.)

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  • Send Special Keys to Gtk.VteTerminal

    - by Ubersoldat
    Hi I have this OSS Project called Monocaffe connections manager which uses the Gtk.VteTerminal widget from PyGTK. A nice feature is that it allows the users to send commands to different servers' consoles (cluster mode) using a Gtk.TextView for the input. The way I send key strokes to each Gtk.VteTerminal is by using the feed_child method. For common keys there's no problem: I simply feed what the TextView receives to all the terminals, but when doing so with special keys I get into a little trouble. For "Return" I catch the event and feed the terminal a '\n'. For back-space is the same, catch the event and feed a '\b'. def cluster_backspace(self, widget): return self.cluster_send_key('\b') The problem comes with other keys like Tab, Arrows, Esc which I don't know how to feed as str to the terminal to recognize them. In the case of Esc is a real pain, because the users can edit the same file on different servers using vi, but cannot escape insert mode. Anyway, I'm not looking for a complete solution, just ideas since I've ran out of them. Thanks.

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  • Best practice- How to team-split a django project while still allowing code reusal

    - by Infinity
    I know this sounds kind of vague, but please let me explain- I'm starting work on a brand new project, it will have two main components: "ACME PRODUCT" (think Gmail, Meebo, etc), and "THE SITE" (help, information, marketing stuff, promotional landing pages, etc lots of marketing-induced cruft). So basically the url /acme/* will load stuff in the uber cool ajaxy application, and every other URI will load stuff in the other site. Problem: "THE SITE" component is out of my hands, and will be handled by a consultants team that will work closely with marketing, And I and my team will work solely on the ACME PRODUCT. Question: How to set up the django project in such a way that we can have: Seperate releases. (They can push new marketing pages and functionality without having to worry about the state of our code. Maybe even separate Subversion "projects") Minimize impact (on our product) of whatever flying-unicorns-hocus-pocus the other team codes into the site. Still allow some code reusal. My main concern is that the ACME product needs to be rock solid, and therefore needs to be somewhat isolated of whatever mistakes/code bloopers the consultants make in their marketing side of the site. How have you handled this? Any ideas? Thanks!

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  • Using Django view variables inside templates

    - by William
    Hi, this is a rather basic question (I'm new to Django) but I'm having trouble using a variable set in my view inside my template. If I initialize a string or list inside my view (i.e. h = "hello") and then attempt to call it inside a template: {{ h }} there is neither output nor errors. Similarly, if I try to use a variable inside my template that doesn't exist: {{ asdfdsadf }} there is again no error reported. Is this normal? And how can I use my variables within my templates. Thanks!

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  • Online job-searching is tedious. Help me automate it.

    - by ehsanul
    Many job sites have broken searches that don't let you narrow down jobs by experience level. Even when they do, it's usually wrong. This requires you to wade through hundreds of postings that you can't apply for before finding a relevant one, quite tedious. Since I'd rather focus on writing cover letters etc., I want to write a program to look through a large number of postings, and save the URLs of just those jobs that don't require years of experience. I don't require help writing the scraper to get the html bodies of possibly relevant job posts. The issue is accurately detecting the level of experience required for the job. This should not be too difficult as job posts are usually very explicit about this ("must have 5 years experience in..."), but there may be some issues with overly simple solutions. In my case, I'm looking for entry-level positions. Often they don't say "entry-level", but inclusion of the words probably means the job should be saved. Next, I can safely exclude a job the says it requires "5 years" of experience in whatever, so a regex like /\d\syears/ seems reasonable to exclude jobs. But then, I realized some jobs say they'll take 0-2 years of experience, matches the exclusion regex but is clearly a job I want to take a look at. Hmmm, I can handle that with another regex. But some say "less than 2 years" or "fewer than 2 years". Can handle that too, but it makes me wonder what other patterns I'm not thinking of, and possibly excluding many jobs. That's what brings me here, to find a better way to do this than regexes, if there is one. I'd like to minimize the false negative rate and save all the jobs that seem like they might not require many years of experience. Does excluding anything that matches /[3-9]\syears|1\d\syears/ seem reasonable? Or is there a better way? Training a bayesian filter maybe?

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  • How can I disable a model field in a django form

    - by jammon
    I have a model like this: class MyModel(models.Model): REGULAR = 1 PREMIUM = 2 STATUS_CHOICES = ((REGULAR, "regular"), (PREMIUM, "premium")) name = models.CharField(max_length=30) status = models.IntegerField(choices = STATUS_CHOICES, default = REGULAR) class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.MyModel In a view I initialize one field and try to make it non-editable: myform = MyForm(initial = {'status': requested_status}) myform.fields['status'].editable = False But the user can still change that field. What's the real way to accomplish what I'm after?

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  • Is there something similar to 'rake routes' in django?

    - by The MYYN
    In rails, on can show the active routes with rake (http://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html): $ rake routes users GET /users {:controller=>"users", :action=>"index"} formatted_users GET /users.:format {:controller=>"users", :action=>"index"} POST /users {:controller=>"users", :action=>"create"} POST /users.:format {:controller=>"users", :action=>"create"} Is there a similar tool/command for django showing the e.g. the URL pattern, the name of the pattern (if any) and the associated function in the views?

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  • Solution for distributing MANY simple network tasks?

    - by EmpireJones
    I would like to create some sort of a distributed setup for running a ton of small/simple REST web queries in a production environment. For each 5-10 related queries which are executed from a node, I will generate a very small amount of derived data, which will need to be stored in a standard relational database (such as PostgreSQL). What platforms are built for this type of problem set? The nature, data sizes, and quantities seem to contradict the mindset of Hadoop. There are also more grid based architectures such as Condor and Sun Grid Engine, which I have seen mentioned. I'm not sure if these platforms have any recovery from errors though (checking if a job succeeds). What I would really like is a FIFO type queue that I could add jobs to, with the end result of my database getting updated. Any suggestions on the best tool for the job?

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  • Why will this for loop not return one field from list rather than the list?

    - by Dick Eshelman
    import csv """sample row = 10/6/2010,73.42,74.43,72.9,74.15,2993500""" filename_in = 'c:/python27/scripts/fiverows.csv' reader = csv.reader(open(filename_in, "rb"), dialect="excel", delimiter="\t", quoting =csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL) for row in reader: for item in row: print 'row = ',row print 'item = ', item When you run this script and print the row you get the sample row returned in [] as a list. When you print the item you get the sample row as an unquoted string. Why do I not get each field ie, (10/6/2010), (73.42), etc. returned as an item? How do I return a single item?

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  • PyGTK: Radiobuttons are still displayed after removal

    - by canavanin
    Hi everyone! I am using PyGTK and the gtk.assistant. On one page I would like to display two radiobuttons in case the user selected a certain option on a previous page. The labels of the buttons - and whether the buttons are to be present at all - are to depend entirely on that earlier selection. Furthermore, if the user goes back and changes that selection, the page containing the radiobuttons is to be updated accordingly. I have got as far as having the radiobuttons displayed when necessary, and with the correct labels. The trouble is that if I go back and change the determining selection, or if I move one page further than the 'radiobutton page' and then move back, the buttons are not only not removed (in case that would have been required), their number has also doubled. To show you what I'm doing, here's part of my code (I've left out bits that do unrelated things, that's why the function name doesn't fit). The function is called when the "prepare" signal is emitted prior to construction of the 'radiobutten page'. def make_class_skills_treestore(self): print self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children() # PRINT 1 for child in self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children(): if type(child) == gtk.RadioButton: self.trained_by_default_hbox.remove(child) #child.destroy() # <-- removed the labels, but not the buttons print self.trained_by_default_hbox.get_children() # PRINT 2 class_skills = self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills.values() default_trained_count = (class_skills.count([True, True]) , class_skills.count([True, False])) num_default_trained_skills = default_trained_count[1] / 2 # you have to pick one of a pair --> don't # count each as trained by default for i in range(default_trained_count[0]): # those are trained by default --> no choice num_default_trained_skills +=1 selected_class = self.get_classes_key_from_class_selection() if default_trained_count[1]: for skill in self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills.keys(): if self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills[skill] == [ True, False ] and not self.default_radio: self.default_radio.append(gtk.RadioButton(group=None, label=skill)) elif self.data.data['classes'][selected_class].class_skills[skill] == [ True, False ] and self.default_radio: self.default_radio.append(gtk.RadioButton(group=self.default_radio[0], label=skill)) if self.default_radio: for radio in self.default_radio: self.trained_by_default_hbox.add(radio) self.trained_by_default_hbox.show_all() self.trained_by_default_hbox and self.trained_by_default_label, as well as self.default_radio stem from the above function's class. I have two print statements (PRINT 1 and PRINT 2) in there for debugging. Here's what they give me: PRINT 1: [<gtk.Label object at 0x8fc4c84 (GtkLabel at 0x90a2f20)>, <gtk.RadioButton object at 0x8fc4d4c (GtkRadioButton at 0x90e4018)>, <gtk.RadioButton object at 0x8fc4cac (GtkRadioButton at 0x90ceec0)>] PRINT 2: [<gtk.Label object at 0x8fc4c84 (GtkLabel at 0x90a2f20)>] So the buttons have indeed been removed, yet they still show up on the page. I know the code requires some refactoring, but first I'd like to get it to work at all... If someone could help me out that would be great! Thanks a lot in advance for your replies - any kind of help is highly appreciated.

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