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  • Macro not declared in this scope

    - by NmdMystery
    I'm using a preprocessor #define macro to count the number of functions in a header file: #define __INDEX -1 //First group of functions void func1(void); #define __FUNC1_INDEX __INDEX + 1 void func2(void); #define __FUNC2_INDEX __FUNC1_INDEX + 1 #undef __INDEX #define __INDEX __FUNC2_INDEX //Second group of functions void func3(void); #define __FUNC3_INDEX __INDEX + 1 void func4(void); #define __FUNC4_INDEX __FUNC3_INDEX + 1 #undef __INDEX #define __INDEX __FUNC4_INDEX //Third group of functions void func5(void); #define __FUNC5_INDEX __INDEX + 1 void func6(void); #define __FUNC6_INDEX __FUNC5_INDEX + 1 #undef __INDEX #define __INDEX __FUNC6_INDEX #define __NUM_FUNCTIONS __INDEX + 1 The preprocessor gets through the first two sets of functions just fine, but when it reaches the line: #define __FUNC5_INDEX __INDEX + 1 I get a "not defined in this scope" error for __INDEX. What makes this really confusing is the fact that the same exact thing is done [successfully] in the second group of functions; __FUNC3_INDEX takes on the value of __INDEX + 1. There's no typos anywhere, as far as I can tell... what's the problem? I'm using g++ 4.8.

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  • How can pointers to functions point to something that doesn't exist in memory yet? Why do prototypes have different addresses?

    - by Kacy Raye
    To my knowledge, functions do not get added to the stack until run-time after they are called in the main function. So how can a pointer to a function have a function's memory address if it doesn't exist in memory? For example: using namespace std; #include <iostream> void func() { } int main() { void (*ptr)() = func; cout << reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr) << endl; //prints 0x8048644 even though func never gets added to the stack } Also, this next question is a little less important to me, so if you only know the answer to my first question, then that is fine. But anyway, why does the value of the pointer ( the memory address of the function ) differ when I declare a function prototype and implement the function after main? In the first example, it printed out 0x8048644 no matter how many times I ran the program. In the next example, it printed out 0x8048680 no matter how many times I ran the program. For example: using namespace std; #include <iostream> void func(); int main() { void ( *ptr )() = func; cout << reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr) << endl; } void func(){ }

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  • CakePHP: Missing database table

    - by Justin
    I have a CakePHP application that is running fine locally. I uploaded it to a production server and the first page that uses a database connection gives the "Missing Database Table" error. When I look at the controller dump, it's complaining about the first table. I've tried a variety of things to fix this problem, with no luck: I've confirmed that at the command line I can login with the given MySQL credentials in database.php I've confirmed this table exists I've tried using the MySQL root credentials (temporarily) to see if the problem lies with permissions of the user. The same error appeared. My debug level is currently set to 3 I've deleted the entire contents of /app/tmp/cache I've set 777 permissions on /app/tmp* I've confirmed that I can run DESCRIBE commands at the commant line MySQL when logged in with the MySQL credentials used by by the application I've verified that the CakePHP log file only contains the error I'm setting in the browser window. I've tried all the suggestions I could find in similar postings on SO I've Googled around and didn't find any other ideas I think I've eliminating the obvious problems and my research isn't turning anything up. I feel like I'm missing something obvious. Any ideas?

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  • Page specific CSS or a single css file when developing a mobile (webkit) based site?

    - by Mike
    I am working on a mobile site for webkit browsers. I have been trying to find information on using multiple style sheets versus a single css file. There is a lot of information on this topic, but it not a lot of information pertaining to mobile browsers. My site will have a bunch of pages that while have page specific css. For a non-mobile site, it seems like generally people say that a single file will be faster, but that multiple files are easier to develop. However, on a mobile site is that still the case? If you put everything in one file, that will get cached after load, but that will make the first load slower. If you had page specific files, the first page would get loaded quicker, but every other page would then take a hit while making the page specific css http request. Does anyone have any thoughts on this? It sounds like they are saying one file is better as long as its under 1 MB (which my files def will)? http://www.yuiblog.com/blog/2010/07/12/mobile-browser-cache-limits-revisited/

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  • Template Syntax in C++

    - by Crystal
    I don't understand templates really and was trying to run a simple find the minimum for ints, doubles, chars. First question, why is template<typename T> sometimes used, and other times template<>? Second question, I do not know what I am doing wrong with the following code below: #include <iostream> template <typename T> T minimum(T arg1, T arg2) { return arg1 < arg2 ? arg1 : arg2; } template <typename T> // first I tried template <> instd of above, but wasn't sure the difference T minimum<const char *>(const char *arg1, const char *arg2) { return strcmp(arg1, arg2) ? arg2 : arg1; } int main() { std::cout << minimum<int>(4, 2) << '\n'; std::cout << minimum<double>(2.2, -56.7) << '\n'; std::cout << minimum(2.2, 2) << '\n'; } Compile Errors: error C2768: 'minimum' : illegal use of explicit template arguments error C2783: 'T minimum(const char *,const char *)' : could not deduce template argument for 'T' : see declaration of 'minimum' : error C2782: 'T minimum(T,T)' : template parameter 'T' is ambiguous : see declaration of 'minimum' Third, in getting familiar with separating .h and .cpp files, if I wanted this minimum() function to be a static function of my class, but it was the only function in that class, would I have to have a template class as well? I originally tried doing it that way instead of having it all in one file and I got some compile errors as well that I can't remember right now and was unsure how I would do that. Thanks!

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  • make it simpler and efficient

    - by gcc
    temp1=*tutar[1]; //i hold input in char *tutar[] if(temp1!='x'||temp1!='n') arrays[1]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays); //if second input is int a=0; n=i; for(i=1;i<n;++i) { temp1=*tutar[i]; if(temp1=='d') { ++i; j=atoi(tutar[i]); free(arrays[j]); continue; } if(temp1=='x') break; if(temp1=='n')//if it is n { a=0; ++j; arrays[j]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays);//create and allocate continue; } ++a; if(a>num_arrays) //resize the array arrays[j]=realloc(arrays[j],sizeof(int)*(num_arrays+a)); *(arrays[j]+a-1)=atoi(tutar[i]); printf("%d",arrays[1][1]); } arrays is pointer when you see x exit you see n create (old one is new array[a] new one is array[i+1]) you see d delete arrays[i] according to int after d first number is size of max arrays and where is the error in code input is composed from int and n d x i make a program -taking input(first input must be int) -according to input(there is comman in input like n or d or j , i fill array with number and use memory efficiently -j is jumb to array[x] ( x is int coming after j in input)

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  • Is it best to make fewer calls to the database and output the results in an array?

    - by Jonathan
    I'm trying to create a more succinct way to make hundreds of db calls. Instead of writing the whole query out every time I wanted to output a single field, I tried to port the code into a class that did all the query work. This is the class I have so far: class Listing { /* Connect to the database */ private $mysql; function __construct() { $this->mysql = new mysqli(DB_LOC, DB_USER, DB_PASS, DB) or die('Could not connect'); } function getListingInfo($l_id = "", $category = "", $subcategory = "", $username = "", $status = "active") { $condition = "`status` = '$status'"; if (!empty($l_id)) $condition .= "AND `L_ID` = '$l_id'"; if (!empty($category)) $condition .= "AND `category` = '$category'"; if (!empty($subcategory)) $condition .= "AND `subcategory` = '$subcategory'"; if (!empty($username)) $condition .= "AND `username` = '$username'"; $result = $this->mysql->query("SELECT * FROM listing WHERE $condition") or die('Error fetching values'); $info = $result->fetch_object() or die('Could not create object'); return $info; } } This makes it easy to access any info I want from a single row. $listing = new Listing; echo $listing->getListingInfo('','Books')->title; This outputs the title of the first listing in the category "Books". But if I want to output the price of that listing, I have to make another call to getListingInfo(). This makes another query on the db and again returns only the first row. This is much more succinct than writing the entire query each time, but I feel like I may be calling the db too often. Is there a better way to output the data from my class and still be succinct in accessing it (maybe outputting all the rows to an array and returning the array)? If yes, How?

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  • Is there a way to detect elements inside a parent element?

    - by Starx
    I would like to detect all the elements insides a parent element and still check if the child has child elements and detect them also. For Example: <div id="first"> <div id='second1'></div> <div id='second2'> <div id='third1'></div> <div id='third2'> <div id='fourth1'></div> <div id='fourth2'></div> </div> <div id='third3'></div> </div> <div id='second3'></div> <div id='second4'></div> </div> I want to know the list of all the id inside the #first and check each child if it has its child and keep this on going until I have complete list of all element.

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  • PHP looping problem?

    - by NeVeR
    I'm trying to display the first row in one color and the second row in another color but my code displays the result twice in both colors for example lets say I have 5 results my code will double the results by displaying 10 results. How can I fix this problem? Here is the php code. while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($dbc)) { //first row echo '<h3 class="title"><a href="#" title="">' . $row['title'] .'</a></h3>'; echo '<div class="summary"><a href="#" title="">' . substr($row['content'],0,255) . '</a></div>'; //second row echo '<h3 class="title-2"><a href="#" title="">' . $row['title'] .'</a></h3>'; echo '<div class="summary-2"><a href="#" title="">' . substr($row['content'],0,255) . '</a></div>'; }

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  • how to create following Java applicatin? [on hold]

    - by Tushar Bichwe
    Write a JAVA program which performs the following listed operations: A. Create a package named MyEmpPackage which consists of following classes A class named Employee which stores information like the Emp number, first name, middle name, last name, address, designation and salary. The class should also contain appropriate get and set methods. 05 A class named AddEmployeeFrame which displays a frame consisting of appropriate controls to enter the details of a Employee and store these details in the Employee class object. The frame should also have three buttons with the caption as “Add Record” and “Delete Record” and “Exit”. 10 A class named MyCustomListener which should work as a user – defined event listener to handle required events as mentioned in following points. 05 B When the “Add Record” button is clicked, the dialog box should be appeared with asking the user “Do you really want to add record in the file”. If the user selects Yes than the record should be saved in the file. 10 When the “Exit” button is clicked, the frame should be closed. 10 [Note: Use the MyCustomListener class only to handle the appropriate events] C The “Delete Record” button should open a new frame which should take input of delete criteria using a radio button. The radio button should provide facility to delete on basis of first name, middle name or last name. 10 The new frame should also have a text box to input the delete criteria value. 10 The record should be deleted from the file and a message dialog should appear with the message that “Record is successfully Deleted”. 10 [Note: Use the MyCustomListener class only to handle the appropriate events] D Provide proper error messages and perform appropriate exceptions where ever required in all the classes 10

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  • Submitting form with Ajax

    - by Sidetracking
    So I'm completely lost on how to submit a form with Ajax. I'm fairly new to Javascript and hopefully I'm not in over my head. When I click submit on my form, nothing happens on my page, not in my SQL database where the info should be stored (double checked process form too). Here's the code if anyone's willing to help Javascript: $(document).ready(function() { $('#form').submit(function() { $.ajax({ url: "../process.php", type: "post", data: $(this).serialize() }); }); } HTML: <form name="contact" method="post" action="" id="form"> <span id="input"> <input type="text" name="first" maxlength="50" size="30" title="First Name" class="textbox"> <input type="text" name="last" maxlength="80" size="30" title="Last Name" class="textbox"> <input type="text" name="email" maxlength="80" size="30" title="Email" class="textbox"> <textarea name="request" maxlength="1000" cols="25" rows="6" title="Request"></textarea> </span> <input type="submit" value="Submit" class="submit"> </form>

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  • Dropdown menu not showing when using position: absolute;

    - by Xiy
    I've just turned my website into a responsive layout and along the way I've somehow managed to make my dropdown menus not work. When hovering over 'Drop-downs' they don't display unless I'm using position: relative. They worked before using position: absolute - but it seems they only work with position relative now. When using relative it uses the width which messes up the navigation bar. Using relative: http://d.pr/i/tp5R Using absolute: http://d.pr/i/j7r1 CSS for my sub-menu div.left_first_header ul.sub-menu { width: 125px; top: 14px; z-index: 2; height: 100%; position: absolute; -webkit-border-radius: 0px 0px 4px 4px; -moz-border-radius: 0px 0px 4px 4px; background: url(images/drop_down_bg.jpg); padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; background-repeat: repeat; } jQuery for the drop down functionality jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { jQuery("ul.dropdown li").hover(function() { $('ul:first',this).css('visibility', 'visible'); }, function() { jQuery(this).removeClass("hover"); jQuery('ul:first',this).css('visibility', 'hidden'); }); }); My website http://wpvault.com/kahlam/ Considering it's 4am I've probably made a really stupid simple mistake. I apologise if I've missed anything.

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  • Learning Java Swing (GUI builder or not?)

    - by Paul
    Well I know basic Java and wanted to learn Swing so of course looked at the Sun website first, where this tutorial is. I was going to start it but realised it relied heavily on NetBeans, which I'm not sure about. I'm not sure because it's learning that I want to acheive, not a nice looking program. So I thought using NetBeans like this would be great once I know it, but I don't want to be building things without a clue what's going on underneath, and of course this could also cause problems later. My first question is is this the right way to do it, should I try not to rely on an IDE heavily? Looking through questions on the site most people recommend using the Sun tutorial, and I've only seen one answer that agrees with what I'm thinking, and they linked to this resource which looks promising. Or perhaps I'm getting the wrong idea of the Sun tutorial, perhaps it doesn't rely on the IDE, it just seemed like that. My second question is, if you agree with me, what resources (apart from the one above) would you recommend? Thanks for your answers.

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  • selected option not clearing from memory android

    - by user2980560
    I have a small random number spinner that when you click gives a random number. I am having two problems. The first is when the main activity loads it displays a random number on the screen without the random number spinner being clicked. I am unsure what to set to false to keep it from opening with the main activity. The second problem is that when you select an option from the spinner it does not clear. Meaning that If you click on option D6 or D20 then you can not click on the same option again until selecting the other option first. Essentially the selection does not clear out of memory after the random number is selected. Here is the random number code public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int pos, long id) { Random rand = new Random(); int roll; // An item was selected. if (spinner1.getSelectedItemPosition()==0) { roll = rand.nextInt(6)+1; } else { roll = rand.nextInt(20)+1; } // Put the result into a string. String text = "You rolled a " + roll; // Build a dialog box and with the result string and a single button AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this); builder.setMessage(text).setCancelable(false) .setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) { // do things when the user clicks ok. } }); AlertDialog alert = builder.create(); // Show the dialog box. alert.show(); }

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  • Sending email with PHP mail()

    - by david_85
    I'm trying to send automated emails with mail(). It sends some emails but not all, around 50%. To test I'm using the same email address for all emails, and still only some get delivered. I'm using localhost XAMPP. Here's the code: if($_POST['sendEmail'] == "SEND Email"){ ob_start(); $buffer = str_repeat(" ", 4096); $buffer .= "\r\n some HTML \r\n"; set_time_limit(0); $noEmails = $last - $first + 1; echo "Emails sent (of $noEmails):"; for($index = $first; $index <= $last; $index++){ $to = $email["$index"]; $subject = "Hey {$firstName["$index"]}!"; $message = "$emailMessage"; $headers = 'From: [email protected]' . "\r\n" . 'Reply-To: [email protected]' . "\r\n" . 'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion(); sleep(1); mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers); echo $buffer.$index; ob_flush(); flush(); } ob_end_flush(); } Please give your suggestions.

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  • Why does this while terminate before receiving a value? (java)

    - by David
    Here's the relevant code snippet. public static Territory[] assignTerri (Territory[] board, String[] colors) { for (int i = 0; i<board.length; i++) { // so a problem is that Territory.translate is void fix this. System.out.print ("What team controls ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; boolean a = false ; while (a = false) { String s = getIns () ; if ((checkColor (s, colors))) { board[i].team = (returnIndex (s, colors)) ; a =true ; } else System.out.println ("error try again") ; } System.out.print ("How many unites are on ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; int n = getInt () ; board[i].population = n ; } return board ; } As an additional piece of information, checkColor just checks to make sure that its first argument, a string, is a string in one of the indexes of its second argument, an array. It seems to me that when the while the method gets a string from the keyboard and then only if that string checks out is a true and the while allowed to terminate. The output I get though is this: What team controls Alaska ? How many unites are on Alaska ? (there is space at the end to type in an input) This would seem to suggest that the while terminates before an input is ever typed in since the first line of text is within the while while the second line of text comes after it outside of it. Why is this happening?

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  • Async run for javascript by using listeners

    - by CharlieShi
    I have two functions, the names are Function3, Function4, Function3 will send request to server side to get jsondata by using ajax, which, however, will take about 3 seconds to complete. Function4 is a common function which will wait for Function3's result and then action. My code puts below: function ajaxRequest(container) { $.ajax({ url: "Home/GetResult", type: "post", success: function (data) { container.append(data.message); } }); } var eventable = { on: function (event, cb) { $(this).on(event, cb); }, trigger: function (event) { $(this).trigger(event); } } var Function3 = { run: function () { var self = this; setTimeout(function () { ajaxRequest($(".container1")); self.trigger('done'); }, 500); } } var Function4 = { run: function () { var self = this; setTimeout(function () { $(".container1").append("Function4 complete"); self.trigger('done'); },500); } } $.extend(Function3, eventable); $.extend(Function4, eventable); Function3.on('done', function (event) { Function4.run(); }); Function4.on('done', function () { $(".container1").append("All done"); }); Function3.run(); but now the problem is, when I start the code , it always show me the result as : first will appear "Function4 complete", then "All done" follows, 3 seconds later, "Function3 complete" will appear. That's out of my expection because my expection is "Function3 complete" comes first, "Function4 complete" comes second and "All done" is expected as the last one. Anyone can help me on this? thx in advice. EDIT: I have included all the functions above now. Also, you can check the js script in JSFIDDER: http://jsfiddle.net/sporto/FYBjc/light/ I have replaced the function in JSFIDDER from a common array push action to ajax request.

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  • Python: Determine whether list of lists contains a defined sequence

    - by duhaime
    I have a list of sublists, and I want to see if any of the integer values from the first sublist plus one are contained in the second sublist. For all such values, I want to see if that value plus one is contained in the third sublist, and so on, proceeding in this fashion across all sublists. If there is a way of proceeding in this fashion from the first sublist to the last sublist, I wish to return True; otherwise I wish to return False. In other words, for each value in sublist one, for each "step" in a "walk" across all sublists read left to right, if that value + n (where n = number of steps taken) is contained in the current sublist, the function should return True; otherwise it should return False. (Sorry for the clumsy phrasing--I'm not sure how to clean up my language without using many more words.) Here's what I wrote. a = [ [1,3],[2,4],[3,5],[6],[7] ] def find_list_traversing_walk(l): for i in l[0]: index_position = 0 first_pass = 1 walking_current_path = 1 while walking_current_path == 1: if first_pass == 1: first_pass = 0 walking_value = i if walking_value+1 in l[index_position + 1]: index_position += 1 walking_value += 1 if index_position+1 == len(l): print "There is a walk across the sublists for initial value ", walking_value - index_position return True else: walking_current_path = 0 return False print find_list_traversing_walk(a) My question is: Have I overlooked something simple here, or will this function return True for all true positives and False for all true negatives? Are there easier ways to accomplish the intended task? I would be grateful for any feedback others can offer!

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  • Ordering a set of lines so that they follow one from the other

    - by george
    Line# Lat. Lon. 1a 1573313.042320 6180142.720910 .. .. 1z 1569171.442602 6184932.867930 3a 1569171.764930 6184934.045650 .. .. 3z 1570412.815667 6190358.086690 5a 1570605.667770 6190253.392920 .. .. 5z 1570373.562963 6190464.146120 4a 1573503.842910 6189595.286870 .. .. 4z 1570690.065390 6190218.190575 Each pair of lines above (a..z) represents the first and last coordinate pair of a number of points which together define a line. The lines are not listed in sequence because I don't know what the correct sequence is just by looking at the coordinates (unless I look at the lines in a map). Hence my question: how can I find programmatically (in Python) what the correct sequence is, so I can join the lines into one long line, keeping in mind the following problem: - a 'z' point (the last point in a line) may well be the first point if the line is described as proceeding in the opposite direction to other lines. e.g. one line may go from left to right, another from right to left (or top to bottom and viceversa). Thank you in advance...

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  • Why does this while terminate before recieving a value? (java)

    - by David
    here's the relevant code snippet. public static Territory[] assignTerri (Territory[] board, String[] colors) { for (int i = 0; i<board.length; i++) { // so a problem is that Territory.translate is void fix this. System.out.print ("What team controls ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; boolean a = false ; while (a = false) { String s = getIns () ; if ((checkColor (s, colors))) { board[i].team = (returnIndex (s, colors)) ; a =true ; } else System.out.println ("error try again") ; } System.out.print ("How many unites are on ") ; Territory.translate (i) ; System.out.println (" ?") ; int n = getInt () ; board[i].population = n ; } return board ; } as an additional piece of information, checkColor just checks to make sure that its first argument, a string, is a string in one of the indexes of its second argument, an array. it seems to me that when the while the method gets a string from the keyboard and then only if that string checks out is a true and the while allowed to terminate. The output i get though is this: What team controls Alaska ? How many unites are on Alaska ? (there is space at the end to type in an input) This would seem to suggest that the while terminates before an input is ever typed in since the first line of text is within the while while the second line of text comes after it outside of it. why is this happening?

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  • setContentView taking long time (10-15 seconds) to execute

    - by Paul
    I have a large activity that contains 100 or more buttons. But it's working fine once loaded. Problem however is loading. From clicking its launch icon to getting the first view it takes 10-12 seconds. Until the first view, it shows gray title bar in black background. At least, I want to show a simple progress bar or dialog while its loading. But it seems like you cannot show anything before setContentView executed. I think I have tried everything I could without any success. If you can give me any hint or idea, I would be thankful. UPDATE: I found a dramatic resolution. It takes now a second to load the view. I didn't use splash, thread or async task at all - BTW, don't try to use thread or async on UI because Android UI is not thread-safe. Problem was that those buttons were based on a custom class that requires initialization to load same resource. - so 100 or more file operations were happening on setContentView. Making them a just single loading solved my problem.

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  • DOS "pause" in Linux?

    - by user2930466
    Firstly, I'm REALLY new to programming. I've just started my first programming class two weeks ago, and I apologize if I sound newbish. My professor wants me to implement a "press any key to continue..." thing in my program. Basically when I run a program, he wants one line to come up [like printf("jfdskaljlfja");] then what would come up is "press any key to continue," before the next line runs. he told us that the DOS equivalent is system("pause"), but he wants us to do it linux. This is what my code looks like: #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("This is the first line of this program); system("pause"); printf("This is the second line); } Except he wants us to do this in Linux, so system("pause") won't work in this case. Is there a way to have it do exactly what pause does, but in linux terms? again, sorry if i sound newbish. thank you so much! Also, he doesn't really care if the code is efficient or anything, as long as it runs. Again, i'm really new to programming, so the simplest answer would be much appreciated :)

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  • SQL Server 05, which is optimal, LIKE %<term>% or CONTAINS() for searching large column

    - by Spud1
    I've got a function written by another developer which I am trying to modify for a slightly different use. It is used by a SP to check if a certain phrase exists in a text document stored in the DB, and returns 1 if the value is found or 0 if its not. This is the query: SELECT @mres=1 from documents where id=@DocumentID and contains(text, @search_term) The document contains mostly XML, and the search_term is a GUID formatted as an nvarchar(40). This seems to run quite slowly to me (taking 5-6 seconds to execute this part of the process), but in the same script file there is also this version of the above, commented out. SELECT @mres=1 from documents where id=@DocumentID and textlike '%' + @search_term + '%' This version runs MUCH quicker, taking 4ms compared to 15ms for the first example. So, my question is why use the first over the second? I assume this developer (who is no longer working with me) had a good reason, but at the moment I am struggling to find it.. Is it possibly something to do with the full text indexing? (this is a dev DB I am working with, so the production version may have better indexing..) I am not that clued up on FTI really so not quite sure at the moment. Thoughts/ideas?

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  • Failing to use Array.Copy() in my WPF App

    - by Steven Wilson
    I am a C++ developer and recently started working on WPF. Well I am using Array.Copy() in my app and looks like I am not able to completely get the desired result. I had done in my C++ app as follows: static const signed char version[40] = { 'A', 'U', 'D', 'I', 'E', 'N', 'C', 'E', // name 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , // reserved, firmware size 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , // board number 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , // variant, version, serial 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 // date code, reserved }; unsigned char sendBuf[256] = {}; int memloc = 0; sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; // fill in the audience header memcpy(sendBuf+memloc, version, 8); // the first 8 bytes memloc += 16; // the 8 copied, plus 8 reserved bytes I did the similar operation in my WPF (C#) app as follows: Byte[] sendBuf = new Byte[256]; char[] version = { 'A', 'U', 'D', 'I', 'E', 'N', 'C', 'E', // name '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' , // reserved, firmware size '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' , // board number '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' , // variant, version, serial '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' // date code, reserved }; // fill in the address to write to -- 0 sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; // fill in the audience header Array.Copy(sendBuf + memloc, version, 8); // the first 8 bytes memloc += 16; But it throws me an error at Array.Copy(sendBuf + memloc, version, 8); as Operator '+' cannot be applied to operands of type 'byte[]' and 'int'. How can achieve this???? :) please help :)

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  • Loading jQuery Consistently in a .NET Web App

    - by Rick Strahl
    One thing that frequently comes up in discussions when using jQuery is how to best load the jQuery library (as well as other commonly used and updated libraries) in a Web application. Specifically the issue is the one of versioning and making sure that you can easily update and switch versions of script files with application wide settings in one place and having your script usage reflect those settings in the entire application on all pages that use the script. Although I use jQuery as an example here, the same concepts can be applied to any script library - for example in my Web libraries I use the same approach for jQuery.ui and my own internal jQuery support library. The concepts used here can be applied both in WebForms and MVC. Loading jQuery Properly From CDN Before we look at a generic way to load jQuery via some server logic, let me first point out my preferred way to embed jQuery into the page. I use the Google CDN to load jQuery and then use a fallback URL to handle the offline or no Internet connection scenario. Why use a CDN? CDN links tend to be loaded more quickly since they are very likely to be cached in user's browsers already as jQuery CDN is used by many, many sites on the Web. Using a CDN also removes load from your Web server and puts the load bearing on the CDN provider - in this case Google - rather than on your Web site. On the downside, CDN links gives the provider (Google, Microsoft) yet another way to track users through their Web usage. Here's how I use jQuery CDN plus a fallback link on my WebLog for example: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> if (typeof (jQuery) == 'undefined') document.write(unescape("%3Cscript " + "src='/Weblog/wwSC.axd?r=Westwind.Web.Controls.Resources.jquery.js' %3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <title>Rick Strahl's Web Log</title> ... </head>   You can see that the CDN is referenced first, followed by a small script block that checks to see whether jQuery was loaded (jQuery object exists). If it didn't load another script reference is added to the document dynamically pointing to a backup URL. In this case my backup URL points at a WebResource in my Westwind.Web  assembly, but the URL can also be local script like src="/scripts/jquery.min.js". Important: Use the proper Protocol/Scheme for  for CDN Urls [updated based on comments] If you're using a CDN to load an external script resource you should always make sure that the script is loaded with the same protocol as the parent page to avoid mixed content warnings by the browser. You don't want to load a script link to an http:// resource when you're on an https:// page. The easiest way to use this is by using a protocol relative URL: <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.min.js"></script> which is an easy way to load resources from other domains. This URL syntax will automatically use the parent page's protocol (or more correctly scheme). As long as the remote domains support both http:// and https:// access this should work. BTW this also works in CSS (with some limitations) and links. BTW, I didn't know about this until it was pointed out in the comments. This is a very useful feature for many things - ah the benefits of my blog to myself :-) Version Numbers When you use a CDN you notice that you have to reference a specific version of jQuery. When using local files you may not have to do this as you can rename your private copy of jQuery.js, but for CDN the references are always versioned. The version number is of course very important to ensure you getting the version you have tested with, but it's also important to the provider because it ensures that cached content is always correct. If an existing file was updated the updates might take a very long time to get past the locally cached content and won't refresh properly. The version number ensures you get the right version and not some cached content that has been changed but not updated in your cache. On the other hand version numbers also mean that once you decide to use a new version of the script you now have to change all your script references in your pages. Depending on whether you use some sort of master/layout page or not this may or may not be easy in your application. Even if you do use master/layout pages, chances are that you probably have a few of them and at the very least all of those have to be updated for the scripts. If you use individual pages for all content this issue then spreads to all of your pages. Search and Replace in Files will do the trick, but it's still something that's easy to forget and worry about. Personaly I think it makes sense to have a single place where you can specify common script libraries that you want to load and more importantly which versions thereof and where they are loaded from. Loading Scripts via Server Code Script loading has always been important to me and as long as I can remember I've always built some custom script loading routines into my Web frameworks. WebForms makes this fairly easy because it has a reasonably useful script manager (ClientScriptManager and the ScriptManager) which allow injecting script into the page easily from anywhere in the Page cycle. What's nice about these components is that they allow scripts to be injected by controls so components can wrap up complex script/resource dependencies more easily without having to require long lists of CSS/Scripts/Image includes. In MVC or pure script driven applications like Razor WebPages  the process is more raw, requiring you to embed script references in the right place. But its also more immediate - it lets you know exactly which versions of scripts to use because you have to manually embed them. In WebForms with different controls loading resources this often can get confusing because it's quite possible to load multiple versions of the same script library into a page, the results of which are less than optimal… In this post I look a simple routine that embeds jQuery into the page based on a few application wide configuration settings. It returns only a string of the script tags that can be manually embedded into a Page template. It's a small function that merely a string of the script tags shown at the begging of this post along with some options on how that string is comprised. You'll be able to specify in one place which version loads and then all places where the help function is used will automatically reflect this selection. Options allow specification of the jQuery CDN Url, the fallback Url and where jQuery should be loaded from (script folder, Resource or CDN in my case). While this is specific to jQuery you can apply this to other resources as well. For example I use a similar approach with jQuery.ui as well using practically the same semantics. Providing Resources in ControlResources In my Westwind.Web Web utility library I have a class called ControlResources which is responsible for holding resource Urls, resource IDs and string contants that reference those resource IDs. The library also provides a few helper methods for loading common scriptscripts into a Web page. There are specific versions for WebForms which use the ClientScriptManager/ScriptManager and script link methods that can be used in any .NET technology that can embed an expression into the output template (or code for that matter). The ControlResources class contains mostly static content - references to resources mostly. But it also contains a few static properties that configure script loading: A Script LoadMode (CDN, Resource, or script url) A default CDN Url A fallback url They are  static properties in the ControlResources class: public class ControlResources { /// <summary> /// Determines what location jQuery is loaded from /// </summary> public static JQueryLoadModes jQueryLoadMode = JQueryLoadModes.ContentDeliveryNetwork; /// <summary> /// jQuery CDN Url on Google /// </summary> public static string jQueryCdnUrl = "//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.min.js"; /// <summary> /// jQuery CDN Url on Google /// </summary> public static string jQueryUiCdnUrl = "//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8.16/jquery-ui.min.js"; /// <summary> /// jQuery UI fallback Url if CDN is unavailable or WebResource is used /// Note: The file needs to exist and hold the minimized version of jQuery ui /// </summary> public static string jQueryUiLocalFallbackUrl = "~/scripts/jquery-ui.min.js"; } These static properties are fixed values that can be changed at application startup to reflect your preferences. Since they're static they are application wide settings and respected across the entire Web application running. It's best to set these default in Application_Init or similar startup code if you need to change them for your application: protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Force jQuery to be loaded off Google Content Network ControlResources.jQueryLoadMode = JQueryLoadModes.ContentDeliveryNetwork; // Allow overriding of the Cdn url ControlResources.jQueryCdnUrl = "http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.2/jquery.min.js"; // Route to our own internal handler App.OnApplicationStart(); } With these basic settings in place you can then embed expressions into a page easily. In WebForms use: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head runat="server"> <%= ControlResources.jQueryLink() %> <script src="scripts/ww.jquery.min.js"></script> </head> In Razor use: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> @Html.Raw(ControlResources.jQueryLink()) <script src="scripts/ww.jquery.min.js"></script> </head> Note that in Razor you need to use @Html.Raw() to force the string NOT to escape. Razor by default escapes string results and this ensures that the HTML content is properly expanded as raw HTML text. Both the WebForms and Razor output produce: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.2/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof (jQuery) == 'undefined') document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='/WestWindWebToolkitWeb/WebResource.axd?d=-b6oWzgbpGb8uTaHDrCMv59VSmGhilZP5_T_B8anpGx7X-PmW_1eu1KoHDvox-XHqA1EEb-Tl2YAP3bBeebGN65tv-7-yAimtG4ZnoWH633pExpJor8Qp1aKbk-KQWSoNfRC7rQJHXVP4tC0reYzVw2&t=634535391996872492' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));</script> <script src="scripts/ww.jquery.min.js"></script> </head> which produces the desired effect for both CDN load and fallback URL. The implementation of jQueryLink is pretty basic of course: /// <summary> /// Inserts a script link to load jQuery into the page based on the jQueryLoadModes settings /// of this class. Default load is by CDN plus WebResource fallback /// </summary> /// <param name="url"> /// An optional explicit URL to load jQuery from. Url is resolved. /// When specified no fallback is applied /// </param> /// <returns>full script tag and fallback script for jQuery to load</returns> public static string jQueryLink(JQueryLoadModes jQueryLoadMode = JQueryLoadModes.Default, string url = null) { string jQueryUrl = string.Empty; string fallbackScript = string.Empty; if (jQueryLoadMode == JQueryLoadModes.Default) jQueryLoadMode = ControlResources.jQueryLoadMode; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(url)) jQueryUrl = WebUtils.ResolveUrl(url); else if (jQueryLoadMode == JQueryLoadModes.WebResource) { Page page = new Page(); jQueryUrl = page.ClientScript.GetWebResourceUrl(typeof(ControlResources), ControlResources.JQUERY_SCRIPT_RESOURCE); } else if (jQueryLoadMode == JQueryLoadModes.ContentDeliveryNetwork) { jQueryUrl = ControlResources.jQueryCdnUrl; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jQueryCdnUrl)) { // check if jquery loaded - if it didn't we're not online and use WebResource fallbackScript = @"<script type=""text/javascript"">if (typeof(jQuery) == 'undefined') document.write(unescape(""%3Cscript src='{0}' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E""));</script>"; fallbackScript = string.Format(fallbackScript, WebUtils.ResolveUrl(ControlResources.jQueryCdnFallbackUrl)); } } string output = "<script src=\"" + jQueryUrl + "\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>"; // add in the CDN fallback script code if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(fallbackScript)) output += "\r\n" + fallbackScript + "\r\n"; return output; } There's one dependency here on WebUtils.ResolveUrl() which resolves Urls without access to a Page/Control (another one of those features that should be in the runtime, not in the WebForms or MVC engine). You can see there's only a little bit of logic in this code that deals with potentially different load modes. I can load scripts from a Url, WebResources or - my preferred way - from CDN. Based on the static settings the scripts to embed are composed to be returned as simple string <script> tag(s). I find this extremely useful especially when I'm not connected to the internet so that I can quickly swap in a local jQuery resource instead of loading from CDN. While CDN loading with the fallback works it can be a bit slow as the CDN is probed first before the fallback kicks in. Switching quickly in one place makes this trivial. It also makes it very easy once a new version of jQuery rolls around to move up to the new version and ensure that all pages are using the new version immediately. I'm not trying to make this out as 'the' definite way to load your resources, but rather provide it here as a pointer so you can maybe apply your own logic to determine where scripts come from and how they load. You could even automate this some more by using configuration settings or reading the locations/preferences out of some sort of data/metadata store that can be dynamically updated instead via recompilation. FWIW, I use a very similar approach for loading jQuery UI and my own ww.jquery library - the same concept can be applied to any kind of script you might be loading from different locations. Hopefully some of you find this a useful addition to your toolset. Resources Google CDN for jQuery Full ControlResources Source Code ControlResource Documentation Westwind.Web NuGet This method is part of the Westwind.Web library of the West Wind Web Toolkit or you can grab the Web library from NuGet and add to your Visual Studio project. This package includes a host of Web related utilities and script support features. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET  jQuery   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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