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• How can I Implement KeyListeners/ActionListeners into the JFrame?

  - by A.K.

  I'll get to the point: I have a player in my game that you control with the keyboard yet the key methods in the player class and ActionListener w/ KeyAdapter in the Board class don't seem to fire. So far I've tried adding these key methods into the JFrame, doesn't seem to let me move him even though other objects that I have (enemies) can move fine. Here's part of the JFrame class with the event listeners: frm.addKeyListener(KeyBoardListener); public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { nSound.play(); StartB.setContentAreaFilled(false); cards.remove(StartB); frm.remove(TitleL); frm.remove(cards); frm.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1)); frm.add(nBoard); //Add Game "Tiles" Or Content. x = 1200 nBoard.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1200, 420)); cards.revalidate(); frm.validate(); } public KeyListener KeyBoardListener = new KeyListener() { @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) { nBoard.S.fire(); } } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent args0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } };

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• Correct way to handle path-finding collision matrix

  - by Xander Lamkins

  Here is an example of me utilizing path finding. The red grid represents the grid utilized by my A* library to locate a distance. This picture is only an example, currently it is all calculated on the 1x1 pixel level (pretty darn laggy). I want to make it so that the farther I click, the less accurate it will be (split the map into larger grid pieces). Edit: as mentioned by Eric, this is not a required game mechanic. I am perfectly fine with any method that allows me to make this accurate while still fast. This isn't the really the topic of this question though. The problem I have is, my current library uses a two dimensional grid of integers. The higher the number in a cell, the more resistance for that grid tile. Currently I'm setting all unwalkable spots to Integer Max. Here is an example of what I want: I'm just not sure how I should set up the arrays of integers of the grid. Every time an element is added/removed to/from the game, it's collision details are updated in the table. Here is a picture of what the map looks like on my collision layer: I probably shouldn't be creating new arrays every time I have to do a path find because my game needs to support tons of PF at the same time. Should I have multiple arrays that are all updated when the dynamic elements are updated (a building is built/a building is destroyed). The problem I see with this is that it will probably make the creation and destruction of buildings a little more laggy than I would want because it would be setting the collision grid for each built in accuracy level. I would also have to add more/remove some arrays if I ever in the future changed the map size. Should I generate the new array based on an accuracy value every time I need to PF? The problem I see with this is that it will probably make any form of PF just as laggy because it will have to search through a MapWidth x MapHeight number of cells to shrink it all down. Or is there a better way? I'm certainly not the best at optimizing really anything. I've just started dealing with XNA so I'm not used to having optimization code really doing much of an affect until now... :( If you need code examples, please ask. I'll add it as an edit. EDIT: While this doesn't directly relate to the question, I figure the more information I provide, the better. To keep your units from moving as accurately to the players desired position, I've decided that once the unit PFs over to the less accurate grid piece, it will then PF on a more accurate level to the exact position requested.

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• Not getting desired results with SSAO implementation

  - by user1294203

  After having implemented deferred rendering, I tried my luck with a SSAO implementation using this Tutorial. Unfortunately, I'm not getting anything that looks like SSAO, you can see my result below. You can see there is some weird pattern forming and there is no occlusion shading where there needs to be (i.e. in between the objects and on the ground). The shaders I implemented follow: #VS #version 330 core uniform mat4 invProjMatrix; layout(location = 0) in vec3 in_Position; layout(location = 2) in vec2 in_TexCoord; noperspective out vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 viewRay; void main(void){ pass_TexCoord = in_TexCoord; viewRay = (invProjMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; gl_Position = vec4(in_Position, 1.0); } #FS #version 330 core uniform sampler2D DepthMap; uniform sampler2D NormalMap; uniform sampler2D noise; uniform vec2 projAB; uniform ivec3 noiseScale_kernelSize; uniform vec3 kernel[16]; uniform float RADIUS; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; noperspective in vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth in vec3 viewRay; layout(location = 0) out float out_AO; vec3 CalcPosition(void){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, pass_TexCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); vec3 ray = normalize(viewRay); ray = ray / ray.z; return linearDepth * ray; } mat3 CalcRMatrix(vec3 normal, vec2 texcoord){ ivec2 noiseScale = noiseScale_kernelSize.xy; vec3 rvec = texture(noise, texcoord * noiseScale).xyz; vec3 tangent = normalize(rvec - normal * dot(rvec, normal)); vec3 bitangent = cross(normal, tangent); return mat3(tangent, bitangent, normal); } void main(void){ vec2 TexCoord = pass_TexCoord; vec3 Position = CalcPosition(); vec3 Normal = normalize(texture(NormalMap, TexCoord).xyz); mat3 RotationMatrix = CalcRMatrix(Normal, TexCoord); int kernelSize = noiseScale_kernelSize.z; float occlusion = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < kernelSize; i++){ // Get sample position vec3 sample = RotationMatrix * kernel[i]; sample = sample * RADIUS + Position; // Project and bias sample position to get its texture coordinates vec4 offset = projectionMatrix * vec4(sample, 1.0); offset.xy /= offset.w; offset.xy = offset.xy * 0.5 + 0.5; // Get sample depth float sample_depth = texture(DepthMap, offset.xy).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (sample_depth - projAB.x); if(abs(Position.z - linearDepth ) < RADIUS){ occlusion += (linearDepth <= sample.z) ? 1.0 : 0.0; } } out_AO = 1.0 - (occlusion / kernelSize); } I draw a full screen quad and pass Depth and Normal textures. Normals are in RGBA16F with the alpha channel reserved for the AO factor in the blur pass. I store depth in a non linear Depth buffer (32F) and recover the linear depth using: float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); where projAB.y is calculated as: and projAB.x as: These are derived from the glm::perspective(gluperspective) matrix. z_n and z_f are the near and far clip distance. As described in the link I posted on the top, the method creates samples in a hemisphere with higher distribution close to the center. It then uses random vectors from a texture to rotate the hemisphere randomly around the Z direction and finally orients it along the normal at the given pixel. Since the result is noisy, a blur pass follows the SSAO pass. Anyway, my position reconstruction doesn't seem to be wrong since I also tried doing the same but with the position passed from a texture instead of being reconstructed. I also tried playing with the Radius, noise texture size and number of samples and with different kinds of texture formats, with no luck. For some reason when changing the Radius, nothing changes. Does anyone have any suggestions? What could be going wrong?

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• OpenGL ES 2 on Android: native window

  - by ThreaderSlash

  According to OGLES specification, we have the following definition: EGLSurface eglCreateWindowSurface(EGLDisplay display, EGLConfig config, NativeWindowType native_window, EGLint const * attrib_list) More details, here: http://www.khronos.org/opengles/documentation/opengles1_0/html/eglCreateWindowSurface.html And also by definition: int32_t ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(ANativeWindow* window, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t format); More details, here: http://mobilepearls.com/labs/native-android-api I am running Android Native App on OGLES 2 and debugging it in a Samsung Nexus device. For setting up the 3D scene graph environment, the following variables are defined: struct android_app { ... ANativeWindow* window; }; android_app* mApplication; ... mApplication=&pApplication; And to initialize the App, we run the commands in the code: ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(mApplication->window, 0, 0, lFormat); mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay, lConfig, mApplication->window, NULL); Funny to say is that, the command ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry behaves as expected and works fine according to its definition, accepting all the parameters sent to it. But the eglCreateWindowSurface does no accept the parameter mApplication-window, as it should accept according to its definition. Instead, it looks for the following input: EGLNativeWindowType hWnd; mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay,lConfig,hWnd,NULL); As an alternative, I considered to use instead: NativeWindowType hWnd=android_createDisplaySurface(); But debugger says: Function 'android_createDisplaySurface' could not be resolved Is 'android_createDisplaySurface' compatible only for OGLES 1 and not for OGLES 2? Can someone tell if there is a way to convert mApplication-window? In a way that the data from the android_app get accepted to the window surface?

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• Why do camera's aspect ratio look good on computer but not on Android devices?

  - by Pooya Fayyaz

  I'm developing a game for Android devices and I have a script that solves the aspect-ratio problem for computer screens but not for my intended target platform. It looks perfect on computer, even when re-sizing the game screen, but not when running my game in landscape mode on mobile phones. This is my script using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; public class reso : MonoBehaviour { void Update() { // set the desired aspect ratio (the values in this example are // hard-coded for 16:9, but you could make them into public // variables instead so you can set them at design time) float targetaspect = 16.0f / 9.0f; // determine the game window's current aspect ratio float windowaspect = (float)Screen.width / (float)Screen.height; // current viewport height should be scaled by this amount float scaleheight = windowaspect / targetaspect; // obtain camera component so we can modify its viewport Camera camera = GetComponent<Camera>(); // if scaled height is less than current height, add letterbox if (scaleheight < 1.0f && Screen.width <= 490 ) { Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = 1.0f; rect.height = scaleheight; rect.x = 0; rect.y = (1.0f - scaleheight) / 2.0f; camera.rect = rect; } else // add pillarbox { float scalewidth = 1.0f / scaleheight; Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = scalewidth; rect.height = 1.0f; rect.x = (1.0f - scalewidth) / 2.0f; rect.y = 0; camera.rect = rect; } } } I figured that my problem occurs in this part of the script: if (scaleheight < 1.0f) { Rect rect = camera.rect; rect.width = 1.0f; rect.height = scaleheight; rect.x = 0; rect.y = (1.0f - scaleheight) / 2.0f; camera.rect = rect; } Its look like this on my mobile phone (portrait): and on landscape mode:

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• If statement causing xna sprites to draw frame by frame

  - by user1489599

  I’m a bit new to XNA but I wanted to write a simple program that would fire a cannon ball from a cannon at a 45 degree angle. It works fine outside of my keyboard i/o if statement, but when I encapsulate the code around an if statement checking to see if the user hits the space bar, the sprite will draw one frame at a time every time the space bar is hit. This is the code in question if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyUp(Keys.Space) && previousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) && !skullBall.Alive) { //works outside the keyboard input if statement //{ skullBall.Position = cannon.Position; skullBall.DeltaY = -(float)(Math.Sin(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time + 0.5 * (gravity * (time * time))); skullBall.DeltaX = (float)(Math.Cos(MathHelper.ToRadians(45)) * 50/*39.7577*/ * time); skullBall.Alive = true; //} } The skull ball represents the cannon ball and the cannon is just the starting point. DeltaX and DeltaY are the values I’m using to update the cannon balls position per update. I know it's dumb to have the cannon ball start at the cannons position every time the update is called but it’s not really noticeable right now. I was wondering if after examining my code, if anyone noticed any errors that would cause the sprite to display frame by frame instead of drawing it as a full animation of the cannon ball leaving the cannon and moving from there.

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• how to add water effect to an image

  - by brainydexter

  This is what I am trying to achieve: A given image would occupy say 3/4th height of the screen. The remaining 1/4th area would be a reflection of it with some waves (water effect) on it. I'm not sure how to do this. But here's my approach: render the given texture to another texture called mirror texture (maybe FBOs can help me?) invert mirror texture (scale it by -1 along Y) render mirror texture at height = 3/4 of the screen add some sense of noise to it OR using pixel shader and time, put pixel.z = sin(time) to make it wavy (Tech: C++/OpenGL/glsl) Is my approach correct ? Is there a better way to do this ? Also, can someone please recommend me if using FrameBuffer Objects would be the right thing here ? Thanks

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• Scrolling a WriteableBitmap

  - by Skoder

  I need to simulate my background scrolling but I want to avoid moving my actual image control. Instead, I'd like to use a WriteableBitmap and use a blitting method. What would be the way to simulate an image scrolling upwards? I've tried various things buy I can't seem to get my head around the logic: //X pos, Y pos, width, height Rect src = new Rect(0, scrollSpeed , 480, height); Rect dest = new Rect(0, 700 - scrollSpeed , 480, height); //destination rect, source WriteableBitmap, source Rect, blend mode wb.Blit(destRect, wbSource, srcRect, BlendMode.None); scrollSpeed += 5; if (scrollSpeed > 700) scrollSpeed = 0; If height is 10, the image is quite fuzzy and moreso if the height is 1. If the height is a taller, the image is clearer, but it only seems to do a one to one copy. How can I 'scroll' the image so that it looks like it's moving up in a continuous loop? (The height of the screen is 700).

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• Unrealscript splitting a string

  - by burntsugar

  Note, this is repost from stackoverflow - I have only just discovered this site :) I need to split a string in Unrealscript, in the same way that Java's split function works. For instance - return the string "foo" as an array of char. I have tried to use the SplitString function: array SplitString( string Source, optional string Delimiter=",", optional bool bCullEmpty ) Wrapper for splitting a string into an array of strings using a single expression. as found at http://udn.epicgames.com/Three/UnrealScriptFunctions.html but it returns the entire String. simulated function wordDraw() { local String inputString; inputString = "trolls"; local string whatwillitbe; local int b; local int x; local array<String> letterArray; letterArray = SplitString(inputString,, false); for (x = 0; x < letterArray.Length; x++) { whatwillitbe = letterArray[x]; `log('it will be '@whatwillitbe); b = letterarray.Length; `log('letterarray length is '@b); `log('letter number '@x); } } Output is: b returns: 1 whatwillitbe returns: trolls However I would like b to return 6 and whatwillitbe to return each character individually. I have had a few answers proposed, however, I would still like to properly understand how the SplitString function works. For instance, if the Delimiter parameter is optional, what does the function use as a delimiter by default?

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• Play audio in javascript with a good performance

  - by João

  I'm developing a browser game where the player can shoot. Everytime he shoots it play a sound. Currently i'm using this code to play sounds in JavaScript: var audio = document.createElement("audio"); audio.src = "my_sound.mp3"; audio.play(); I'm worried about performance here. Will 10 simultaneous sounds impact my game performance too much? Will all audio objects stay in memory even after they are played?

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• How to make players be creative in a game, if the game cannot evaluate it?

  - by Mensonge

  I am working on a prototype game with several funny/visual effects that the player can trigger. The player can be quite creative in the way to use or combine these effects but it seems impossible to make detect/evaluate this creativity by the computer. So, from a game design perspective, I wonder what could be the features to drive the players to be creative (experiment various combinations). For the moment i think about "Draw something" where the result is evaluated by other players. I think about levels designed by "Little Big Planet" players but this aspect is out of the core game. I think also about "Minecraft" but I do not understand really how this game encourages the people to be creative (except of the open world). Please tell me if you have any ideas, articles or references that could help me coping with this problem.

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• How to have operations with character/items in binary with concrete operations?

  - by Piperoman

  I have the next problem. A item can have a lot of states: NORMAL = 0000000 DRY = 0000001 HOT = 0000010 BURNING = 0000100 WET = 0001000 COLD = 0010000 FROZEN = 0100000 POISONED= 1000000 A item can have some states at same time but not all of them Is impossible to be dry and wet at same time. If you COLD a WET item, it turns into FROZEN. If you HOT a WET item, it turns into NORMAL A item can be BURNING and POISON Etc. I have tried to set binary flags to states, and use AND to combine different states, checking before if it is possible or not to do it, or change to another status. Does there exist a concrete approach to solve this problem efficiently without having an interminable switch that checks every state with every new state? It is relatively easy to check 2 different states, but if there exists a third state it is not trivial to do.

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• Absorbtion 2d image effect

  - by Ed.

  I want to create a specyfic 2d image effect. It consists in modifying a sprite so it looks like it is being zoomed to a point or "absorbed" by that point. I'm not really sure what is the technical name of this effect so I cannot explain it correctly. Here you can see a video of what I'm talking about, it is the effect when the character absorbs the three glyphs. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIo-GddsMcU&t=4m45s What is the name of this effect? How can I implement it with XNA for 2D textures/sprites?

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• Making a perfect map (not tile-based)

  - by Sri Harsha Chilakapati

  I would like to make a map system as in the GameMaker and the latest code is here. I've searched a lot in google and all of them resulted in tutorials about tile-maps. As tile maps do not fit for every type of game and GameMaker uses tiles for a different purpose, I want to make a "Sprite Based" map. The major problem I had experienced was collision detection being slow for large maps. So I wrote a QuadTree class here and the collision detection is fine upto 50000 objects in the map without PixelPerfect collision detection and 30000 objects with PixelPerferct collisions enabled. Now I need to implement the method "isObjectCollisionFree(float x, float y, boolean solid, GObject obj)". The existing implementation is becoming slow in Platformer games and I need suggestions on improvement. The current Implementation: /** * Checks if a specific position is collision free in the map. * * @param x The x-position of the object * @param y The y-position of the object * @param solid Whether to check only for solid object * @param object The object ( used for width and height ) * @return True if no-collision and false if it collides. */ public static boolean isObjectCollisionFree(float x, float y, boolean solid, GObject object){ boolean bool = true; Rectangle bounds = new Rectangle(Math.round(x), Math.round(y), object.getWidth(), object.getHeight()); ArrayList<GObject> collidables = quad.retrieve(bounds); for (int i=0; i<collidables.size(); i++){ GObject obj = collidables.get(i); if (obj.isSolid()==solid && obj != object){ if (obj.isAlive()){ if (bounds.intersects(obj.getBounds())){ bool = false; if (Global.USE_PIXELPERFECT_COLLISION){ bool = !GUtil.isPixelPerfectCollision(x, y, object.getAnimation().getBufferedImage(), obj.getX(), obj.getY(), obj.getAnimation().getBufferedImage()); } break; } } } } return bool; } Thanks.

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• Wheel rotation, to change velocity of vehicle

  - by Lewis

  I update the velocity of my vehicle like so: [v setVelocity: ((2 * 3.14 * 100 * (wheel.getRotationValue / 360) / 30)) * gameSpeed]; // update on 60 fps this gets velocity on all frames divide by 60 for 1 frame. This is done in my update method in my world class. Now wheel.getRotationValue returns the rotation value which is worked out like this: - (void)ccTouchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:[touch view]]; location = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:location]; if (CGRectContainsPoint(wheel.boundingBox, location)) { CGPoint firstLocation = [touch previousLocationInView:[touch view]]; CGPoint location = [touch locationInView:[touch view]]; CGPoint touchingPoint = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:location]; CGPoint firstTouchingPoint = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] convertToGL:firstLocation]; CGPoint firstVector = ccpSub(firstTouchingPoint, wheel.position); CGFloat firstRotateAngle = -ccpToAngle(firstVector); CGFloat previousTouch = CC_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(firstRotateAngle); CGPoint vector = ccpSub(touchingPoint, wheel.position); CGFloat rotateAngle = -ccpToAngle(vector); CGFloat currentTouch = CC_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(rotateAngle); float limit = 0.5; rotationValue += (currentTouch - previousTouch) * limit; } touching = YES; } Say I steer the vehicle to the far right of the screen, and want to move it to the far left, It wont start moving to the left of the screen until the rotationValue is past 0 degrees again (the wheel is in its center posistion) and is dragged past this value. Is there anyway to change the code I have above, so that movement on the wheel is recognised instantly and updates the velocity of v instantly too?

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• Speed up lighting in deferred shading

  - by kochol

  I implemented a simple deferred shading renderer. I use 3 G-Buffer for storing position (R32F), normal (G16R16F) and albedo (ARGB8). I use sphere map algorithm to store normals in world space. Currently I use inverse of view * projection matrix to calculate the position of each pixel from stored depth value. First I want to avoid per pixel matrix multiplication for calculating the position. Is there another way to store and calculate position in G-Buffer without the need of matrix multiplication Store the normal in view space Every lighting in my engine is in world space and I want do the lighting in view space to speed up my lighting pass. I want an optimized lighting pass for my deferred engine.

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• What is UVIndex and how do I use it on OpenGL?

  - by Delta

  I am a noob in OpenGL ES 2.0 (for WebGL) and I'm trying to draw a simple model I've made with a 3D tool and exported to .fbx format. I've been able to draw some models that only have: A vertex buffer, a index buffer for the vertices, a normal buffer and a texture coordinate buffer, but this model now has a "UVIndex" and I'm not sure where am I supposed to put this UVIndex. My code looks like this: GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.VertexBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vPosition"],3,GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.NormalBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vNormal"], 3, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.TexCoordBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["TexCoord"], 2, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer); GL.bindTexture(GL.TEXTURE_2D, this.Texture.HTex1); GL.activeTexture(GL.TEXTURE0); GL.drawElements(GL.TRIANGLES, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer.Length, GL.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); But my model renders totally incorrect and I think it has to do with the fact that I am ignoring this "UVIndex" in the .fbx file, since I've never drawn any model that uses this UVIndex I really have no clue on what to do with it. This is the json file containing the model's data: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=G294TVmz

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• Problem with DirectX scene-graph

  - by Alex

  I'm trying to implement a basic scene graph in DirectX using C++. I am using a left child-right sibling binary tree to do this. I'm having trouble updating each node's world transformation relative to its parent (and its parent's parent etc.). I'm struggling to get it to work recursively, though I can get it to work like this: for(int i = 0; i < NUM_OBJECTS; i++) { // Initialize to identity matrix. D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mObject[i].toWorldXForm); int k = i; while( k != -1 ) { mObject[i].toWorldXForm *= mObject[k].toParentXForm; k = mObject[k].parent; } } toWorldXForm is the object's world transform and toParentXForm is the object's transform relative to the parent. I want to do this using a method within my object class (the code above is in my main class). This is what I've tried but it doesn't work (only works with nodes 1 generation away from the root) if (this->sibling != NULL) this->sibling->update(toParentXForm); D3DXMatrixIdentity(&toWorldXForm); this->toWorldXForm *= this->toParentXForm; this->toWorldXForm *= toParentXForm; toParentXForm *= this->toParentXForm; if (this->child != NULL) this->child->update(toParentXForm); Sorry if I've not been clear, please tell me if there's anything else you need to know. I've no doubt it's merely a silly mistake on my part, hopefully an outside view will be able to spot the problem.

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• In a 2D platform game, how to ensure the player moves smoothly over sloping ground?

  - by Kovsa

  See image: http://i41.tinypic.com/huis13.jpg I'm developing a physics engine for a 2D platform game. I'm using the separating axis theorem for collision detection. The ground surface is constructed from oriented bounding boxes, with the player as an axis aligned bounding box. (Specifically, I'm using the algorithm from the book "Realtime Collision Detection" which performs swept collision detection for OBBs using SAT). I'm using a fairly small (close to zero) restitution coefficient in the collision response, to ensure that the dynamic objects don't penetrate the environment. The engine mostly works fine, it's just that I'm concerned about some edge cases that could possibly occur. For example, in the diagram, A, B and C are the ground surface. The player is heading left along B towards A. It seems to me that due to inaccuracy, the player box could be slightly below the box B as it continues up and left. When it reaches A, therefore, the bottom left corner of the player might then collide with the right side of A, which would be undesirable (as the intention is for the player to move smoothly over the top of A). It seems like a similar problem could happen when the player is on top of box C, moving left towards B - the most extreme point of B could collide with the left side of the player, instead of the player's bottom left corner sliding up and left above B. Box2D seems to handle this problem by storing connectivity information for its edge shapes, but I'm not really sure how it uses this information to solve the problem, and after looking at the code I don't really grasp what it's doing. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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• Using MVC with a retained mode renderer

  - by David Gouveia

  I am using a retained mode renderer similar to the display lists in Flash. In other words, I have a scene graph data structure called the Stage to which I add the graphical primitives I would like to see rendered, such as images, animations, text. For simplicity I'll refer to them as Sprites. Now I'm implementing an architecture which is becoming very similar to MVC, but I feel that that instead of having to create View classes, that the sprites already behave pretty much like Views (except for not being explicitly connected to the Model). And since the Model is only changed through the Controller, I could simply update the view together with the Model in the controller, as in the example below: Example 1 class Controller { Model model; Sprite view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = view.Position = position; } } The alternative, I think, would be to create View classes that wrap the sprites, make the model observable, and make the view react to changes on the model. This seems like a lot of extra work and boilerplate code, and I'm not seeing the benefits if I'm just going to have one view per controller. Example 2 class Controller { Model model; View view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = position; } } class View { Model model; Sprite sprite; View() { model.PropertyChanged += UpdateView; } void UpdateView() { sprite.Position = model.Position; } } So, how is MVC or more specifically, the View, usually implemented when using a retained-mode renderer? And is there any reason why I shouldn't stick with example 1?

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• Texturize a shape of multiple triangles in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  This is an example of a shape consisting of multiple points, triangles and eventually a shape: Red Dots = Vector3 (X, Y, Z) or Vector2 (X, Y) If I have a Texture of a certain size, how do I texturize this area in the best way so that the texture inside the shape matches the shape and does not overlap anywhere? Perhaps also with a chance to scale the texture in case it's too small or to big for the shape, but still so that it gets rendered correctly. Do I treat the shape as a rectangle? Figure out it's 4 corners? Or do I calculate the distance between Center - (Texture Width / 2) and Point (to see how "many" times the texture can fit between on that axis to estimate at what Coordinates the Texture should be at that certain point? I've looked at Texture Mapping but haven't found any concrete examples that it explains it well, it's also confusing with 0.0-1.0 values for Texture Coordinates.

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• library for octree or kdtree

  - by Will

  Are there any robust performant libraries for indexing objects? It would need frustum culling and visiting objects hit by a ray as well as neighbourhood searches. I can find lots of articles showing the math for the component parts, often as algebra rather than simple C, but nothing that puts it all together (apart from perhaps Ogre, which has rather more involved and isn't so stand-alone). Surely hobby game makers don't all have to make their own octrees? (Python or C/C++ w/bindings preferred)

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• Deferred Shading - Toolkit

  - by AliveDevil

  I recently managed to get some lights rendered in a scene by using a buffer and a for-loop. The problem with this method is the performance drop if more lights are used. I tried to convert Deferred Rendering in XNA4.0 | ROY-T.NL but it is not working, because I am not using any models. I know I have to render color, normals and lights seperate but I don't know how I could get it working. For understanding my structure better I'm using a world-class which holds some chunks. These chunks are loading all vertices from their items. These items have a property which returns the vertices. The item is returning VertexPositionNormalTexture[]. The chunk loads these Vertices and combines them to one large array of VertexPositionNormalTexture via someList.AsParallel().SelectMany(m => m).ToArray()). m is a VertexPositionNormalTexture. someList is List<VertexPositionNormalTexture>. I got my own shader to draw these vertices how I want them to be drawn. The first thing I would try is setting up two RenderTarget2D for rendering the color and normal part. With two different shaders. Than I would have to render the lights and there's the problem: I don't know how. I set up a structure to simplify working with lights but it didn't really help. public struct Light { public Vector3 Position; public Color4 Color; public float Range; public float Intensity; public Light( Vector3 position, Color color, float range, float intensity ) : this() { this.Position = position; this.Color = color; this.Range = range; this.Intensity = intensity; } public float[] Definition { get { return new[] { Position.X, Position.Y, Position.Z, Color.Red, Color.Green, Color.Blue, Intensity, Range }; } } } The next part is equally different because I don't know how to combine the colorMap, normalMap and textureMap to one finalMap. Some information to the system: I'm using SharpDX (Nightly from some months ago) and the SharpDX.Toolkit (I don't want to mess up with Direct3DDevice and similar things). Can someone help me with this problem? If things are missing or I provided insufficient information tell me, I need to get deferred shading working. Things I'm not able to do: create a rendertarget which holds all lights, merge colorMap, normalMap and lightMap to one finalMap and presenting this to the user.

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• Unity Occlusion Portals: What and How?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  (Here I eat my words on Meta about posting Unity questions on Unity Answers... since that site is less responsive than this one.) Unity provides cell-based Occlusion Culling (via Umbra, I believe). However, a newer feature that it supports is Occlusion Portals. The question is, if BSP-based occlusion culling is already a feature of Unity, what do portals add, and how? PS. This question is not "What are portals?" -- I'm aware of the original Quake BSP-style portals -- which is partly why I find the explicit portal concept in Unity odd, since it uses BSP anyway.

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• Where is a good spot to start when writing a LWJGL game engine?

  - by Alcionic

  I'm starting work on a huge game and somewhere along my train of thought I decided it would be a good idea to write my own engine for the game. I was originally going to use JMonkeyEngine but there were some things about it that just didn't work well with me. I wanted full control over every aspect of the entire process. Where would a good place to start be when writing your own engine? I have no experience with LWJGL but I learn quick. Either advice or some place where there is good advice would be nice. Thanks!

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