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• How to enter into BusyBox when booting?

  - by ???

  I have occasionally installed cloud-init package in Ubuntu, which blocks me from booting. Neither recovery mode works. Because cloud-init installed some upstart job configuration. So I want to enter into busybox to remove /etc/init/cloud-init*.conf, but it seems like no way to do it. I can press Ctrl+Alt+SysRq which brings on a rough hack menu, but there is no busybox option. So is it possible? My CDROM is broken so I can't use Live CD too.

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• What service do you use for music on hold?

  - by Russ Warren

  This may not be a sysadmin question for some, but it is definitely a hurdle I have to jump as the sysadmin for my company. We recently rolled-out a company wide VoiP system (Switchvox, to be exact) that has come preloaded with some royalty-free music on hold. Our customers have been complaining that the music on hold sounds like "funeral music." This may be the case (although I wouldn't want it played at my funeral), but it is all we have and we aren't willing to be sued over using music that isn't properly licensed. So, that brings me to the question asked in the title -- what and/or how do you provide decent music on hold? I'm assuming many people here use a PBX that allows customized music, so this has to apply to many of you. We've been looking at some sites that allow you to download royalty-free music for a one-time fee, but the music seems...lame. Something like a one-year subscription from ibaudio.com seems to be the best bet so far. Have you been able to discover something a little more mainstream for a decent licensing fee? Thank you. EDIT: Our PBX allows the playback of MP3 and OGG files, but does not allow streaming of a live audio source, Internet-based or otherwise. It also does not allow the use of a "line-in" source such as a CD player or radio. Don't let this stop you from sharing your setup, though. I'm interested in hearing what everyone uses!

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• NTBackup Error: C: is not a valid drive

  - by Chris

  I'm trying to use NtBackup to back up the C: Drive on a Microsoft Windows Small Business Server 2003 machine and get the following error in the log file: Backup Status Operation: Backup Active backup destination: 4mm DDS Media name: "Media created 04/02/2011 at 21:56" Error: The device reported an error on a request to read data from media. Error reported: Invalid command. There may be a hardware or media problem. Please check the system event log for relevant failures. Error: C: is not a valid drive, or you do not have access. The operation did not successfully complete. I'm using a brand new SATA Quantum Dat-72 drive with a brand new tape (tried a couple of tapes). I carry out the following: Open NTBackup Select Backup Tab Tick the box next to C: Ensure Destination is 4mm DDS Media is set to New Press Start Backup Choose Replace the data on the media and press Start Backup NTBackup tries to mount the media Error Message shows: The device reported an error on a request to read data from media. Error reported: INvalid command. There may be a hardware or media problem. Please check the system event log for relevant failures. On checking the log I find the following: Event Type: Information Event Source: NTBackup Event Category: None Event ID: 8018 Date: 04/02/2011 Time: 22:02:02 User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: Begin Operation For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. and then; Event Type: Information Event Source: NTBackup Event Category: None Event ID: 8019 Date: 04/02/2011 Time: 22:02:59 User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: End Operation: The operation was successfully completed. Consult the backup report for more details. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp.

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• How to use NTFS-3G installed using MacPort?

  - by Raiyan Kabir

  After upgrading to Lion I'm having problem mounting NTFS drives in read/write mode. This is because NTFS-3G distributed by http://www.tuxera.com does not work with Lion. As far their suggestion I installed NTFS-3G using MacPort. But as far as I can see it does not come with the usual preference pane. Its not enabled by default. Do anyone know how to enable it? Or how to have the Preference Pane for the NTFS-3G from MacPorts.

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• Advantages of multiple SQL Server files with a single RAID array

  - by Dr Giles M

  Originally posted on stack overflow, but re-worded. Imagine the scenario : For a database I have RAID arrays R: (MDF) T: (transaction log) and of course shared transparent usage of X: (tempDB). I've been reading around and get the impression that if you are using RAID then adding multiple SQL Server NDF files sitting on R: within a filegroup won't yeild any more improvements. Of course, adding another raid array S: and putting an NDF file on that would. However, being a reasonably savvy software person, it's not unthinkable to hypothesise that, even for smaller MDFs sitting on one RAID array that SQL Server will perform growth and locking operations (for writes) on the MDF, so adding NDFs to the filegroup even if they sat on R: would distribute the locking operations and growth operations allowing more throughput? Or does the time taken to reconstruct the data from distributed filegroups outweigh the benefits of reduced locking? I'm also aware that the behaviour and benefits may be different for tables/indeces/log. Is there a good site that distinguishes the benefits of multiple files when RAID is already in place?

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• Right-button drag-drop function in Gnome

  - by HorusKol

  While I don't really miss the annoyances that go with working on Windows, one thing I do wish I had in Gnome is the ability to hold the right-mouse button down on a file and drag it to get the context menu asking if I want to move or copy the file. I realise the default tries to be sensible (like in Windows - defaults to move if on the same volume, or copy if on different) and that it can be overridden with <ctrl> or <shift> - but i'm still used to the right-mouse drag option and keep getting frustrated when it doesn't work...

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• Is Tomcat Shared Session / Cluster between two machine possible?

  - by Snorri

  I have a setup of several Tomcat servers distributed between a few servers, all running the same thing. Apache is on top of Apache and a loadbalancer in front of the Apache servers. I want to cluster the Tomcats using Shared Session to minimize downtime and user interruption while deploying apps. I know clustering works within the same server but is it possible to setup Tomcat in a way that it shares sessions between servers on different machines? => Server 1 ==> Apache 1 ===> Tomcat 1 => Server 2 ==> Apache 2 ===> Tomcat 2 When Server/Tomcat 1 would be taken down, users and their sessions would transfer over to Server/Tomcat 2 and vice versa.

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• GNU Screen: «unknown command 'vert_split'» though C-a | works

  - by etuardu

  Hi, in GNU-screen (4.00.03jw4 FAU 2-May-06) I'm able to perform a vertical split pressing C-a | (i.e. Ctrl+a, then pipe). Since I'd like to have the screen vertically splitted at the program startup, I put "vert_split" in my .screenrc file, but when I start it I can read «unknown command 'vert_split'» for few seconds in the status bar, and the screen is indeed not splitted. I can't find a solution for this in the manual. Can someone please help me? Thank you.

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• How much processor speed and cores do I need for these tasks?

  - by ajay

  I am planning to buy a new laptop as I find my current one very slow. My question here is specifically related to RAM size and CPU power. I will mostly be doing development (not much games). I would be dabbling in distributed computing, multithreaded and data intensive parallelizable tasks on multi-cores. For e.g. I would want to be able to Concurrent programming in Scala/Java/Clojure etc. and be able to see parallelization. Furthermore, I would want the RAM to be enough. But from a developer machine standpoint, do you think 4GB RAM and 2.53GHz Dual Core processor would be enough. I'm basically looking at this model: http://store.apple.com/us/configure/MC118LL/A?mco=MTM3NDcyODk (link dead)

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• How can I tell whether an interrupted rm -r removed any files?

  - by Jake Petroules

  I installed sshfs a Linux box and then mounted my Mac home directory. In the middle of troubleshooting a configuration issue, I did an ls -l on the mount directory (as normal user), receiving: total 0 d????????? ? ? ? ? ? sl I then ran sudo rm -r on that directory but pressed Ctrl+C to terminate it immediately before it (looks) like the command did anything. I notice no files missing but I want to be sure - is there a way I can somehow inspect the filesystem log on my Mac to see if any files were actually removed?

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• How to send Windows key over VNC to Linux from Windows?

  - by MJBoa

  Alright, so I'm running Linux with AwesomeWM on my home machine. I'm running x11vnc on that machine and I want to connect to it from a windows machine. So it suffices to say that I need the Windows key for my home machine to function. I really like TightVNC, but I have found that only RealVNC is able to send the Windows key presses that I need. My problem is that RealVNC is sorely lacking customization and I feel it's inferior to TightVNC and unusable. I know that Ctrl-Esc sends the windows key press in Tight but then I can't use it as a modifier key. Useless. Anyone have any ideas? I don't think it's a server issue since I've tried Tightvnc server on the linux machine and it still doesn't work, at least in TightVNC. It works with Real anyway. Oh and UltraVNC doesn't work either.

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• Getting FC11 to run under VMware Server, converted from physical machine

  - by Kristian

  I have a FC11 installation that I have converted to a VMware disk image to run om my VMware Server. I converted it with qemu-img, as the VMware Converter software apparently only converts Linux hosts to VMware Infrastructure servers. The disk image boots fine (grub is loaded and boots the kernel) but it seems like the disk is not found by the kernel, and the boot process stalls. Hotplugging USB devices work (the kernel prints debug information) and I'm able to press keys (Ctrl-Alt-Delete for instance). The VMware guest OS is set to RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 (32 bit), and I have tried both the LSI Logic, LSI Logic SAS and VMware Accelerated SCSI SCSI controllers, to no avail. I'm able to boot an installer disk and get into rescue mode and mount the filesystem, so my question is, what do I need to do to the guest kernel / initrd image to make it recognize the virtual disk?

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• Adding License to VMware Server 2 via scripting command?

  - by andyt25

  Hi all, I recently discovered the vimsvc/license command in vmware-vim-cmd and was trying to use that to automatically add my license key to a fresh vmware installation. vmware-vim-cmd -H hostip -O portnumber vimsvc/license --source file '/path/to/plaintext-file-that-contains-my-license-key.txt' plaintext-file-that-contains-my-license-key.txt contains my key in XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX format, I've also tried it with an extra carriage return at the end. Adding the key that way doesn't work, however. I always get the following error message: [200] Reading local file: /path/to/plaintext-file-that-contains-my-license-key.txt [200] Size of file is 24 bytes. returned were XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX [200] Changing license source to: file:/path/to/plaintext-file-that-contains-my-license-key.txt [500] Caught unexpected exception Type: N5Vmomi5Fault17NotEnoughLicenses9ExceptionE what() =vmodl.fault.NotEnoughLicenses GetMsg() = There are not enough licenses installed to perform the operation. It's kinda silly to require a license to be able to add a license, don't you think? ;-) So how do I go about and add the key via script? I would like to avoid any interaction as I have the rest of the install fully scripted and non-interactive. Kind Regards, Stefan

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• Is the view history in Firefox 3.6.3 broken or is there an "undocumented feature"?

  - by Lirik

  Firefox View History Before Firefox 3.6.3 when I clicked Ctrl+H it would display my browsing history and I would be able to search it, sort it by Most Visited, Last Visited, etc. Since 3.6.3 I have been having issues: Firefox does not display any entries when filtering by Most Visited or Last Visited. Searching does not work regardless of what keyword I use (i.e. if I type stackoverflow it won't even find it, although it's one of the most visited web sites in my history). Is anybody experiencing similar problems? Are there any known issues that might be causing the problems that I'm seeing?

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• How do I make an exe into a service on Windows?

  - by user3677994

  I recently made an application that has multiple parts. One of the parts is a networking tool - it always starts with the OS, and it never displays any sort of message. It does, however, start an incredibly irritating console, which is impossible to get rid of without closing the program itself (please just accept this one as given). I have decided to work around this problem by starting the program (it's a *.exe) as a service, thus stopping it from showing up at all. As the application will be distributed to various computers (hence the need for a networking tool in the first place). I need a way to make this program install as a service (so, I don't really want answers that tell me to go through a series of menus on the Control Panel or download a 3rd-party application that has to stay on whichever computer the service will run on). How can I do this?

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• Need clear steps on how to convert a Windows 2000 Server to a XenServer VM

  - by Jay

  The source system is not local. The target host running XenServer is not local. The source system is running Windows 2000 Server SP4 and has 1 disk split into 6 partitions, all NTFS: C: 6 GB (boot) D: 15 GB E: 6 GB F: 6 GB G: 5 GB H: 26 GB Most of the partitions are mostly mostly full ( 60%). What is the most straightforward way to do a P2V migration of the server? I can do minor database & data syncs after the P2V is successful & running as a VM within XenServer, it's just getting to that point which is not clear. The option of installing a Windows 2000 Server from scratch is not available, I need to convert the existing physical server as-is into a VM to be hosted within a XenServer environment. I've looked at XenConvert but it maxes out on converting only 4 partitions in one shot, and I'm not certain how to account for the 2 extra partitions. I'm not familiar with XenServer but it's my only option right now to go P2V.

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• Apache process consuming all memory on the server

  - by jemmille

  I have an apache process that suddenly appears on a particular server. When it shows up it starts consuming memory at a very rapid rate, then moves on to all the swap. In all it consumes about 11GB (including swap) of memory and the server eventually becomes unresponsive. The load on the server is under 1 at all other times. The process runs as nobody and I am having a hard time tracking down the source. If i run an strace on the process and all it did was continuously dump out mprotect over and over again If i run lsof -p <pid>, I get this, but only sometimes: httpd 19229 nobody 152u IPv4 175050 crawl-66-249-67-216.googlebot.com:62336 (CLOSE_WAIT) httpd 19229 nobody 153u IPv4 179104 crawl-66-249-71-167.googlebot.com:58012 (ESTABLISHED) As long as I catch it, I can kill the process and the server almost immediately stabilizes. I have on site on the server that is getting a few thousand hits a a day that I think might be the source, but I still can't find the exact reason. Also, this is a cPanel server and I have upcp'd the server, rebuilt apache with easy apache, and rebuilt httpd.conf. It is not spawing any related processes, meaning I can find any php, mysql, cgi, etc. processes that relate to this process. It's just a loner process that balloons fast and consumes ever last MB of memory. This is on a XenServer 5.6 based VM. No other servers in the cluster are having this issue.

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• Least CPU intensive way of streaming your screen on windows?

  - by sinni800

  Hello, sometimes I like capturing my screen for others to see. Only thing: I am playing games while I do it. I have tried a few streaming solutions where Windows Media Encoder coupled with my own Windows server appealed to me most, because I can change resolutions, etc. I also tried ustream coupled with the Flash applet and the Adobe Flash Encoder recording a Camtasia source. Camtasia has the disadvantage though that it shows the green-and-black-alternating borders and can not be targeted fullscreen. I like how xfire does it. But it doesn't work with every game, many are simply not supported. A few thoughts about this: Is there a program which captures like Fraps or XFire (based on Direct3D and OpenGL outputs) and exposes the output to a DirectShow source filter? Which brings me to: Is there hardware accelerated capturing directly from the graphics card? Maybe including direct encoding with help from OpenCL? Modern graphic cards decode BluRay content directly for example. I should have a modern enough graphics processor for this to be possible (see below). If using Windows Media Encoder: Which are the least CPU intensive settings? Which codec? Is there a newer codec than Windows Media 9? Is it less CPU intensive? I only have 7, 8 and 9 inside the Encoder Could the performance be massively increased by having a Quad-Core CPU (see below)? Bandwidth is no problem up to 1000 to 1500 kbit/s (I have 2048). My Computer specs: Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 4 GB DDR2-800 Ram Ati Radeon HD5770 Using Windows 7 Professional

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• OpenAFS on Fedora/CentOS

  - by Michael Pliskin

  I am trying to see if OpenAFS fits my needs as a distributed filesystem and is a bit stuck. There are docs but they're all quite hard to understand, so asking for some expert advice here. My questions: which version to install? I need windows client support so I need 1.5 - right? But it is not stable.. Or is it? And don't see any pre-built rpms for it, so compiling from sources? tried to compile and it worked but it created a non-"mp" kernel module while my kernel needs an mp one - how to workaround that? do I really need a new fresh partition to start with or I can re-use an existing one and just make it available via afp? any nice HOWTOs around?

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• How does RAM fail?

  - by ethanlee16

  I have an issue with a Dell Inspiron 15 (1545) laptop that refuses to open any applications (save select Microsoft programs, e.g. Security Essentials, Ctrl Panel, Windows Explorer (not Internet), regedit, Event Viewer, etc.). I've run Microsoft Memory Diagnostics Tool and it found a 'hardware problem was detected.' Does this indicate that the RAM has failed? I notice when I open programs like Word, Excel, Internet Explorer, etc., it always give me an error from WerFault.exe saying The instruction at xxxxxxx referenced memory at xxxxxxxxx. The memory could not be written. and sometimes something about illegal instructions. If it is a hardware problem, does this mean that replacing the RAM is my only option? Again, I would also like to know if RAM can fail (like hard drives) and if malware can cause RAM to fail also.

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• What is the easiest way to get a yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss timestamp hotkey on the Mac?

  - by Edward Tanguay

  On Windows I use the PSPad editor which has a nice ALT-D timestamp which you can edit the format of, e.g. yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss. When working outside an editor, e.g. Google Docs, I have Autohotkey which I have programmed CTRL-D to insert a yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss timestamp. I am now working on a Mac mostly using TextWrangler as my editor but I can't find a timestamp hotkey in its features. What is the easiest way to get a yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss hotkey on Mac, either in a (free) text editor or a (free) autohotkey equivalent?

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• Cisco ASA5505 won't sync with NTP

  - by Martijn Heemels

  Today I noticed that the clock my Cisco ASA 5505 firewall was running about 15 minutes late, which surprised me since I've set up the NTP client. My two NTP servers 10.10.0.1 and 10.10.0.2 are virtualized Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controllers, and both have the correct time. As shown below, the ASA knows about the two servers, can ping them and seems to poll them periodically, so I suppose it can reach them both. The ASA claims its time source is NTP, however the clock is unsynchronized. Neither host is marked as synced. Result of the command: "ping 10.10.0.1" Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms Result of the command: "sh ntp ass" address ref clock st when poll reach delay offset disp ~10.10.0.1 .LOCL. 1 78 1024 377 0.5 643.69 17.0 ~10.10.0.2 10.10.0.1 2 190 1024 377 0.9 655.91 58.4 * master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured Result of the command: "sh ntp stat" Clock is unsynchronized, stratum 16, no reference clock nominal freq is 99.9984 Hz, actual freq is 99.9984 Hz, precision is 2**6 reference time is 00000000.00000000 (07:28:16.000 CEST Thu Feb 7 2036) clock offset is 0.0000 msec, root delay is 0.00 msec root dispersion is 0.00 msec, peer dispersion is 0.00 msec Result of the command: "sh clock detail" 10:33:23.769 CEDT Tue Jun 26 2012 Time source is NTP UTC time is: 08:33:23 UTC Tue Jun 26 2012 Summer time starts 02:00:00 CEST Sun Mar 25 2012 Summer time ends 03:00:00 CEDT Sun Oct 28 2012 I've tried the basic steps of manually setting the time and removing and adding the timeservers, to no avail. My ASA's ntp config is simply: ntp server 10.10.0.1 ntp server 10.10.0.2 Do I need to enable authentication to use a Windows NTP server? Any thoughts?

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• Virtual Lan on the Cloud -- Help Confirm my understanding?

  - by marfarma

  [Note: Tried to post this over at ServerFault, but I don't have enough 'points' for more than one link. Powers that be, move this question over there.] Please give this a quick read and let me know if I'm missing something before I start trying to make this work. I'm not a systems admin professional, and I'd hate to end up banging my head into the wall if I can avoid it. Goals: Create a 'road-warrior' capable star shaped virtual LAN for consultants who spend the majority of their time on client sites, and who's firm has no physical network or servers. Enable CIFS access to a cloud-server based installation of Alfresco Allow Eventual implementation of some form of single-sign-on ( OpenLDAP server ) access to Alfresco and other server applications implemented in the future Given: All Servers will live in the public internet cloud (Rackspace Cloud Servers) OpenVPN Server will be a Linux disto, probably Ubuntu 9.x, installed on same server as Alfresco (at least to start) Staff will access server applications and resources from client sites, hotels, trains, planes, coffee shops or their homes over various ISP, using their company laptops or personal home desktops. Based on my Research thus far, to accomplish this, I'll need: OpenVPN with Bridging Enabled to create a star shaped "virtual" LAN http://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/documentation/miscellaneous/76-ethernet-bridging.html A Road Warrior Network Configuration, as described in this Shorewall article (lower down the page) http://www.shorewall.net/OPENVPN.html Configure bridge addressesing (probably DHCP) http://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/faq.html#bridge-addressing Configure CIFS / Samba to accept VPN IP address http://serverfault.com/questions/137933/howto-access-samba-share-over-vpn-tunnel Set up Client software, with keys configured for access (potentially through a OpenVPN-Sa client portal) http://www.openvpn.net/index.php/access-server/download-openvpn-as/221-installation-overview.html

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• Starting and stopping X11 and LXDE from command line

  - by Radian

  I have a Raspberry Pi with Debian Wheezy (Raspbian) and so far I've managed to learn quite a lot about Linux just playing around, but I have a few questions for all you seasoned Linux pros out there. 1) From command line, if I execute startx, X11 will launch followed by LXDE. If I had a monitor connected, I'm imagining I would see a transition from command line to the desktop environment. Can I launch X11 first with x, then start LXDE on top of X11 afterwards with /etc/init.d/lxdm start (is this correct?) and get to the same result as startx? 2) Instead, let's say I executed /etc/init.d/lxdm start alone, would X11 start automatically (since LXDE relies on X11)? 3) From desktop, if I CTRL+ALT+F1 to get back to command line, then I should be able to shutdown LXDE using /etc/init.d/lxdm stop. Does X11 automatically close with the termination of LXDE? 4) What is the proper/safe way to shutdown X11? Thanks

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• dead man's switch for remote networking interventions

  - by ascobol

  Hi, As I'm going to change the network configuration of a remote server, I was thinking of some security mechanisms to protect me from accidentally loosing control on the server. The level-0 protection I'm using is a scheduled system reboot: # at now+x minutes > reboot > ctrl+D where x is the delay before reboot. While this works relatevly well for very simple tasks like playing with iptables this method has at least two drawbacks: It's not very reactive, ie a connectivity problem should be detected automatically if for example an automatic remote ssh command fails does not work anymore for x seconds. It can obviously not work if one need to modify some configuration files and then reboot to test the changes. Are you guys using some tool for the second point ? I would love to have something able to revert the system configuration in a previously known stable state if I can't join the server X minutes after reboot. Thanks!

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