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• Concurrent modification during backup: rsync vs dump vs tar vs ?

  - by pehrs

  I have a Linux log server where multiple applications write data. Data is written in bursts, and in a lot of different files. I need to make a backup of this mess, preferably preserving as much coherence between the file versions as possible and avoiding getting truncated files. Total amount of data on the server is about 100Gb. What I really would want (but can't) is to shut-down, backup the system cold and then start it up again. What kind of guarantees against concurrent modification does the various backup tools give? When do they "freeze" the file versions? I am looking at rsync, dump and tar at the moment, but I am open for other (open source) alternatives. Changing the application or blocking writing for backups is sadly not an option. System is not running LVM (yet), but I have considered that for rebuilding the system and then snapshots.

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• Non-Windows, non-Unix-like OS's?

  - by dsimcha

  Since most operating systems I've heard of besides Windows seem to derive their heritage from Unix, I've been curious whether any OS's with the following characteristics exist: Not generally considered Unix-like, i.e. wasn't designed with Unix compatibility as a primary goal, doesn't use X11 as its default GUI in the most common distributions, doesn't support Unix commands by default, etc. Not in the Windows NT family. Is a modern production operating system, not a purely legacy operating system, a research/hobby project or an OS that's still in an alpha state. Is targeted at commodity x86/x64 PC hardware.

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• What is the most relevant statistic information from Google Analytics for website optimalisation? [c

  - by Paulo

  I was wondering, what is considered the best statistic information from Google Analytics for website optimalisation? Example 1: Alot of visitors leave the website on a specific page, this could be because there aren't enough forwards / links on that page so that the visitors don't see a reason to continue their travel on the website. Example 2: Your traffic sources are 70% direct visits, 28% redirects from other websites and 2% by search engine. You could say that your website is not easily findable in search engines which could be interpreted as a sign that your keywords and/or meta description aren't good enough to be found. I'd like to hear some from other people!

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• Can you run Android 2.2 Froyo or 2.3 Gingerbread in a VM?

  - by Josh B

  I came across a how-to guide for running Android 1.7 in a virtual machine (VirtualBox), but 1.7 is old. I haven't been able to find a Android 2.2 or 2.3 image anywhere, does anyone have any ideas on how to virtualize newer Android OS's? Preferably a free virtualization solution like VirtualBox. Here is the link about virtualizing 1.7: http://osxdaily.com/2010/12/14/run-android-using-a-virtual-machine-on-a-mac-or-windows-pc/ They send you to here to download Android disk images: http://virtualboxes.org/images/android-x86/ But I can't find anything newer than 1.7, anyone have any ideas? Is this considered illegal or piracy is that why there are no images available? Thanks for help!

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• Why not install Msvcr71.dll into system32?

  - by hillu

  While looking for an authoritative source for the missing Msvcr71.dll that is needed by a few old applications, I stumbled across the MSDN article Redistribution of the shared C runtime component in Visual C++. The advice given to developers is to drop the DLL into the application's directory instead of system32 since DLLs in this directory are considered before the system paths. What can/will go wrong if I (as an administrator, not a developer) decide to take the lazy path and install Msvcr71.dll (and Msvcp71.dll while I'm at it) into the system32 directory (of 32 bit Windows XP or Windows 7 systems) instead of putting a copy in each application's directory? Is there another good solution to provide the applications with the needed DLLs that doesn't involve copying stuff to the application directories?

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• What is the safest and least expensive way to store 10 terabytes of data?

  - by Josh T

  I'm a member of a production company and we're preparing for our first feature film. We've been discussing methods of data storage to keep all of our original content safe (for as long as possible). While we understand data is never 100% safe, we'd like to find the safest solution for us. We've considered: 16TB NAS for on-site storage 4-5 2TB hard drives (cheap, but not redundant), copy original footage to drives then seal in static free bag Burn data to Blu-Ray disks (time consuming and expensive: 200 disks == $5000) Tape drive(s)? I know the least about tape drives, except the fact that they're more reliable than disks. Any experience/knowledge with this amount of data is hugely appreciated.

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• How can I include guidance text in Word?

  - by gf131072

  We use several Word documents as templates and currently include 'guidance' text for the reader - in the form of grey, italic text - to provide guidance to the person completing the document. Note how the grey+italic text is used to provide both guidance and example content Problems with this approach include: People forgetting to delete all of this template/boilerplate text People using the italic+grey formatting when inputting real information because they don't change the style We've considered including Reviewing comments as an alternative but this can be a pain and suffers from the first problem above. I'm not sure a simple, elegant solution exists here but if there's something obvious I'm missing I'd love to hear about it.

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• Best configuration and deployment strategies for Rails on EC2

  - by Micah

  I'm getting ready to deploy an application, and I'd like to make sure I'm using the latest and greatest tools. The plan is to host on EC2, as Heroku will be cost prohibitive for this application. In the recent past, I used Chef and the Opscode platform for building and managing the server infrastructure, then Capistrano for deploying. Is this still considered a best (or at least "good") practice? The Chef setup is great once done, but pretty laborious to set up. Likewise, Capistrano has been good to me over the past several years, but I thought I'd take some time to look around and seeing if there's been any landscape shifts that I missed.

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• What's a good way for organizing PDF documents on windows?

  - by Ivan

  I'm looking for a good way to manage a lot of pdf documents (e.g. papers, ebooks) on windows. Ideally I'm looking for a windows version of the great mac app Yep. I've looked quite a bit and haven't found any windows app that provides and organized overview of your pdf documents. I've considered just tagging the pdf files, but there don't seem to be any apps to simply tag and search tagged files easily. I've found TaggedFrog, but the tags are kept in the app's internal DB and are associated with the filename. So if you move/rename a file it looses all its tags. In a nutshell: Is there a good windows app to organize/efficiently tag files?

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• Software to cache a web application for use offline

  - by littlecharva

  My boss quite regularly has to demo our web application to clients in a situation with no wifi available and sketchy 3G access, quite often the 3G lets him down. I have considered setting a copy of our server up in a virtual machine on his laptop so he could demo it offline, but I fear this will just introduce more headaches when he forgets how to boot the VM up. What I'd ideally like is an app that records you logging into a web app, saves copies of all the pages and ties the links and buttons you click up to offline copies of the pages it saves. So you could run through the demonstration you're going to give and have it cache the pages. When you then click the same buttons and links in offline mode it will present the relevant offline pages. Does such a thing exist? Can anyone recommend any alternative solutions to this problem? Thanks, Anthony

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• Why is hibernation still used?

  - by Moses

  I've never quite understood the original purpose of the Hibernation power state in Windows. I understand how it works, what processes take place, and what happens when you boot back up from Hibernate, but I've never truly understood why it's used. With today's technology, most notably with SSDs, RAM and CPUs becoming faster and faster, a cold boot on a clean/efficient Windows installation can be pretty fast (for some people, mere seconds from pushing the power button). Standby is even faster, sometimes instantaneous. Even SATA drives from 5-6 years ago can accomplish these fast boot times. Hibernation seems pointless to me when modern technology is considered, but perhaps there are applications that I'm not considering. What was the original purpose behind hibernation, and why do people still use it? Edit: I rescind my comment about hibernation being obsolete, as it obviously has very practical applications to laptops and mobile PCs, considering the power restrictions. I was mostly referring to hibernation being used on a desktop.

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• Switching over an email address from a distribution group to a user account in Exchange 2003

  - by Sevdarkseed

  I'm currently in a transition mode. We currently have a Distribution Group called Quotes and Orders that send out emails to several users. I'm told that a better method would be to create a user and then give access to that fictitious user's email account so that everyone would be able to see everything that goes out and is responded to in a single account. However, I'm not sure what the best method would be for creating an account and shutting down the distribution group. I'm thinking more along the lines of the steps that considered best practice to remove the email account from the distribution group and attach it to the user account. Any thoughts?

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• What's the fastest way to store/access large files?

  - by philfreo

  I do a lot of video editing on my Mac and need a way to store very large (30 GB) files, and don't have room on my HD. A USB/Firewire external hard drive would work, but it seems way too slow for consistently working with such large files. I've also considered buying another computer, with a large hard drive, and putting it on the same network with a shared folder. What's the fastest / most efficient way to do this? Please consider USB 2.0 speeds, hard drive read times, ethernet speeds, etc. Are there other options I should consider?

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• Getting an boot error when starting computer

  - by Rob Avery IV

  I was in the middle of watching a movie on Netflix, then suddenly everything started crashing. First, explorer.exe closed down, then Google chrome. I had multiple things running in the background (Steam, Raptr, etc.). Individuality, each of those apps closed down also. When they did, a small dialog box popped up for each of them, one at a time, saying that it was missing a file, it couldn't run anymore, or something similar to that. It also had some jumbled up "code" with numbers and letters that I couldn't read. Ever since then, everytime I turn my computer on, it will run for a few seconds and give this error "Reboot and select proper boot device or insert boot media in selected boot device and press a key_". No matter how many times I try to reboot it, it always gives me the same error. A day later after this happened I was able to start the computer, but before it booted, it told me that I didn't shut down the computer properly and asked how I wanted to run the OS (Run Windows in Safety Mode, Run Windows Normally, etc.). Once I logged, everything went SUPER slow and everything crashed almost instantly. The only thing I opened was Microsoft Security Essentials and only got in about two clicks before it was "Not Responding". Then, after that the whole computer froze and I had to restart it. Now, it's back to saying what it originally said, "Reboot and select proper boot device or insert boot media in selected boot device and press a key_". I built this PC back in February 2012. Here are the specs: OS: Windows 7 Ultimate CPU: AMD 8-core GPU: Nvidia GTX Force 560 Ti RAM: 16GB Hard Drive: Hitachi Deskstar 750GB I'm usually very good taking care of my PC. I don't download anything that's not from a trusted site or source. I don't open up any spam email or such or go to any harmful websites like porn or stream movies. I am very clean with the things I do with my PC and don't do many DIFFERENT things with it. I use it pretty often especially for video games and doing homework in Eclipse. Also, good to note that I don't have any Norton or antisoftware installed. I have Microsoft Security Essentials installed but never did a scan. Thanks!

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• How did what appears to be a virus get on my computer? (explanation of situation enclosed)

  - by Massimo

  My system is Windows XP SP3, updated with the latest patches. The PC is connected to a Cisco 877 ADSL router, which does NAT from the internal network to its single static public IP address. There are no forwarded ports, and the router's management console can only be accessed from the inside. I was doing two things: working on a remote office machine via VPN and browsing some web pages on the Cisco web site. The remote network is absolutely safe (it's a lab network, four virtual servers, no publicly accessible services and no users at all; also, none of what I'm going to describe ever happened there). The Cisco web site... well, I suppose is quite safe, too. Suddenly, something happened. Strange popups appears anywhere; programs claiming they're "antimalware", "antispyware" et so on begins autoinstalling; fake Windows Update and Security Center icons pop up in the system tray. svchost.exe began crashing repeatedly. Then, finally, after some minutes of this... BSOD. And, upon rebooting, BSOD again. Even in safe mode. Ok, that was obviously some virus/trojan/whatever. I had to install a new copy of Windows on another partition to clean things up. I found strange executables, services and DLLs almost anywhere. Amongst the other things, user32.dll and ndis.sys had been replaced. A fake software called "Antimalware Doctor" had been installed. There were services with completely random names or even GUIDs (!), and also ones called "IpSect" and "Darkness". There were executable files without an .exe extension. There were even two boot-class drivers, which I'm quite sure are the ones that finally caused the system to crash. A true massacre. Ok, now the questions: What the hell was that?!? It was something more than a simple virus! How did it manage to attack my computer, as I am behind a firewall and was not doing anything even only potentially harmful on the web at the time?

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• Video encoding for archival

  - by Jim

  I would like to archive some home videos (DV). I don't need to save them losslessly, but I would like to encode them in something high-quality. What format is both pretty indistinguishable from the original and will likely be readable 15 years from now? WMA makes me nervous, because it's only one company that makes it, and they're constantly coming out with newer formats. (VLC couldn't open my WMAs that Windows Movie Maker made.) Other things I've considered are h.264, Ogg Theora, DivX, and Xvid. I don't mind paying for something, but usually that means the format is owned by only one vendor.

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• Enable Ctrl (or Alt) + arrow keys to mimic 'home' and 'end' functionality

  - by YuKagi

  I am a long time Mac user and I'm now using a Ubuntu machine for development, and while I'm more or less used to a lot of the keyboard shortcuts, one thing I can't get used to is using the 'Home' and 'End' keys to move around lines of text. On a Mac you use "Command + right arrow" to go to the end of a line and "Command + left arrow" to go to the beginning. Is there a way to enable this kind of functionality in Linux? I'm not sure if this would be considered remapping, keyboard shortcuts, or what...

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• Fastest web server for serving static content

  - by Swader

  Hello, I'm optimizing our system for some faster static content delivery, and was wondering if anyone has any proper experience with the fastest web servers out there for such a purpose. From the three main candidates I've considered, Nginx, Cherokee and Lighttpd, each seems to have its own problems - but the reports I've read online are somewhat biased and lean towards whichever server the user is currently using. Any ideas on where to see a proper benchmark for this specific purpose, or at least a non-biased list of pros and cons? Any personal experiences and pitfalls I should be vary of? Thanks Edit: Serverfault.com gave the answer as nginx. I'd still like to hear some developer thoughts from this end of the universe.

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• How to reliably synchronise file servers between London and Shanghai?

  - by Andy S

  We have two offices, one in London and one in Shanghai, each needing to be able to access the same set of files. This means we need a solid, speedy means of synchronising a set of folders between servers at either office. They're likely to be Windows servers, but we could look at Linux boxes if the software side makes more sense on *nix. We've considered Rsync, Unison, Gluster, and a few other options, but none of them seem capable of reliably keeping the servers in sync between such distant office locations. Each office is on DSL connectivity over the open internet, so encryption is also a factor. Does anyone have any hints for getting the servers synchronising in as close to real time as possible, without dying constantly? Andy

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• Web Server Users - Best Practice

  - by Toby

  I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Web Server Users - Best Practice

  - by Toby

  I was wondering what is considered best practice when several developers/administrators require access to the same web server. Should there be one non-root user with a secure username and password unqiue to the web server which everyone logs in as or should there be a username for each person. I am leaning towards a username for each person to aid in logging etc however then does the same user keep the same credentials over several servers, or should at least their password change depending on the server they are on? Should any non-root user of the system be added to the sudoers file or is it best practice to leave everyone off it and only let root perform certain tasks? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Website filtering for OpenVPN clients

  - by Asche

  I am currently trying to block some websites by their domain names for all the clients of my OpenVPN server. My first idea was to use the /etc/hosts file. But, its effects seem to be limited to the host only and not to be taken in consideration by OpenVPN. I then tried to configure bind9 and to interface it with OpenVPN, but that solution was unsuccessful and uneasy to use. After this, I considered using iptables to drop all the packets from/to those websites but that forum thread made me thought otherwise since iptables' behavior with FQDN may generate complex issues. Have you got a solution to block websites for all clients using an OpenVPN server on which I am root?

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• Outlook.com Sweep rule vs Filter rule

  - by Mahesha999

  New outlook.com introduced new sweep option. With it, you can create a filter to move messages from particular sender to a particular folder after certain days the mail comes. This rules gets added to the Filter list. However we cannot edit this rule by clicking Edit in front of it in that list. The dialog appears saying you should delete the rule and create the new one. I don't understand why sweep rules are considered differently from Filter rules? I have 68 filter rules. What if I want to add such time clause to these filter rules so that instead of moving the incoming mails immediately to a certain folder, they will be kept in Inbox for say 10 days and then they will be moved. Such time clause cannot be added to the filter rules. So should I delete all these 68 filters and create new Sweep rules?

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• PostgreSQL disaster recovery options

  - by Alex

  My customer has quite a large (the total "data" folder size is 200G) PostgreSQL database and we are working on a disaster recovery plan. We have identified three different types of disasters so far: hardware outage, too much load and unintentional data loss due to erroneously executed bad migration (like DELETE or ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN). First two types seem to be easy to mitigate but we can't elaborate a good mitigation plan for the third type. I proposed to use ZFS and frequent (hourly) snapshots but "ZFS" means "OpenIndiana" these days and our Ops engineers do not have much expertise in it, so using OpenIndiana imposes another risk. Colleagues try to convince me that restoring from PostgreSQL PITR backup can be as fast as restoring from a ZFS snapshot but I highly doubt that replaying, say, 50G of archived WALs can be considered "fast". What other options are we missing? Is ZFS an only viable alternative? Can we get a fast Pg DB restore time in the Linux environment?

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• Office jukebox systems

  - by Jona

  We're looking for a good office jukebox solution where staff can select songs via a web interface to be played over the central set of speakers. Must haves: Web Interface RSS / easy to scrap display of currently playing songs Ability to play mp3s and manage an ordered playlist. Good cataloguing of media. Multiple OSs supported as clients - Windows, Mac, Fedora Linux (will probably be accomplished by virtue of a web interface). We have tried XBMC which worked well as a proof of concept however the web interface is just too immature and has too many bugs for a reliable multi-user solution. I believe the same will be true of boxee. Nice to have: Ability to play music videos onto a monitor Ability to listen to radio streams specifically Shoutcast and the BBC. Ability to run on Linux is a nice to have but windows solutions which worked well would certainly be considered. I am aware of question 61404 and don't believe this to be a duplicate due to the specific requirements.

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