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  • In Python, how to make sure database connection will always close before leaving a code block?

    - by Cawas
    I want to prevent database connection being open as much as possible, because this code will run on an intensive used server and people here already told me database connections should always be closed as soon as possible. def do_something_that_needs_database (): dbConnection = MySQLdb.connect(host=args['database_host'], user=args['database_user'], passwd=args['database_pass'], db=args['database_tabl'], cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) dbCursor = dbConnection.cursor() dbCursor.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) total FROM table') row = dbCursor.fetchone() if row['total'] == 0: print 'error: table have no records' dbCursor.execute('UPDATE table SET field="%s"', whatever_value) return None print 'table is ok' dbCursor.execute('UPDATE table SET field="%s"', another_value) # a lot more of workflow done here dbConnection.close() # even more stuff would come below I believe that leaves a database connection open when there is no row on the table, tho I'm still really not sure how it works. Anyway, maybe that is bad design in the sense that I could open and close a DB connection after each small block of execute. And sure, I could just add a close right before the return in that case... But how could I always properly close the DB without having to worry if I have that return, or a raise, or continue, or whatever in the middle? I'm thinking in something like a code block, similar to using try, like in the following suggestion, which obviously doesn't work: def do_something_that_needs_database (): dbConnection = MySQLdb.connect(host=args['database_host'], user=args['database_user'], passwd=args['database_pass'], db=args['database_tabl'], cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) try: dbCursor = dbConnection.cursor() dbCursor.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) total FROM table') row = dbCursor.fetchone() if row['total'] == 0: print 'error: table have no records' dbCursor.execute('UPDATE table SET field="%s"', whatever_value) return None print 'table is ok' dbCursor.execute('UPDATE table SET field="%s"', another_value) # again, that same lot of line codes done here except ExitingCodeBlock: closeDb(dbConnection) # still, that "even more stuff" from before would come below I don't think there is anything similar to ExitingCodeBlock for an exception, tho I know there is the try else, but I hope Python already have a similar feature... Or maybe someone can suggest me a paradigm move and tell me this is awful and highly advise me to never do that. Maybe this is just something to not worry about and let MySQLdb handle it, or is it?

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  • How do you render a rails partial that is outside of a namespace in a view that is inside of a namespace?

    - by iand675
    I've got a 'static' controller and static views that are pages that don't utilize ruby in their views. For these pages, I have a sitemap partial that is generated programatically and used in the application layout file. Namespaced routes still use the application layout file but are taking the static routes and trying to namespace them too. Here's the relevant portion of the route file: namespace :admin do resources :verse_categories resources :verses resources :songs resources :flowers resources :visits, :except => [:new, :create] end match ':action' => 'static' root :to => 'static#home' Here's the error I'm getting: No route matches {:controller=>"admin/static", :action=>"about"} Note that about is one of the static pages that the sitemap partial uses. So, how can I resolve this routing issue so that it's not trying to find my static sites inside of the admin namespace? Any help would be appreciated!

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  • Java: limit to nest classes?

    - by HH
    A very poor style to code but sometimes unavoidable. It is an extreme example. So is there some limit for nesting classes? are they equivalent? how do you deal with such situations? Create library? Code new FileObject().new Format().new Words().new Some().new Continue someThing; ((((new FileObject()).new Format()).new Words()).new Some()).new Continue someThing;

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  • Deleting unneeded rows from a table with 2 criteria

    - by stormbreaker
    Hello. I have a many-to-many relations table and I need to DELETE the unneeded rows. The lastviews table's structure is: | user (int) | document (int) | time (datetime) | This table logs the last users which viewed the document. (user, document) is unique. I show only the last 10 views of a document and until now I deleted the unneeded like this: DELETE FROM `lastviews` WHERE `document` = ? AND `user` NOT IN (SELECT * FROM (SELECT `user` FROM `lastviews` WHERE `document` = ? ORDER BY `time` DESC LIMIT 10) AS TAB) However, now I need to also show the last 5 documents a user has viewed. This means I can no longer delete rows using the previous query because it might delete information I need (say a user didn't view documents in 5 minutes and the rows are deleted) To sum up, I need to delete all the records that don't fit these 2 criterias: SELECT ... FROM `lastviews` WHERE `document` = ? ORDER BY `time` DESC LIMIT 10 and SELECT * FROM `lastviews` WHERE `user` = ? ORDER BY `time` DESC LIMIT 0, 5 I need the logic. Thanks in advance.

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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Rails: validate presence of parent_id in has_many association

    - by deb
    I have a projects resource that has many tasks. I want to ensure that every task has a project_id by adding validates_presence_of :project_id to the tasks model. However, when creating a new project with tasks, the project_id won't be available until the record saves, therefore I can't use validates_presence_of :project_id. So my question is, how do I validate presence of project_id in the task model? I want to ensure every task has a parent. ... class Project < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :tasks, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :tasks, :allow_destroy => true ... class Task < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :project validates_presence_of :project_id

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  • Static member class - declare class private and class member package-private?

    - by Helper Method
    Consider you have the following class public class OuterClass { ... private static class InnerClass { int foo; int bar; } } I think I've read somewhere (but not the official Java Tutorial) that if I would declare the static member classes attributes private, the compiler had to generate some sort of accessor methods so that the outer class can actually access the static member class's (which is effectively a package-private top level class) attributes. Any ideas on that?

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  • How to make nested Library in windows 7 ? [closed]

    - by Wahid Bitar
    Possible Duplicate: Is it possible to have nested libraries in Windows 7? I want to make new "Songs" library inside "Music" Library. How to do that? How to make nested library in windows 7? Edit: I know how to add folders to music library but i want to make new library inside music library. Is that possible?

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  • What is a simple C library for a set of integer sets?

    - by conradlee
    I've got to modify a C program and I need to include a set of unsigned integer sets. That is, I have millions of sets of integers (each of these integer sets contains between 3 and 100 integers), and I need to store these in some structure, lets call it the directory, that can in logarithmic time tell me whether a given integer set already exists in the directory. The only operations that need to be defined on the directory is lookup and insert. This would be easy in languages with built-in support for useful data structures, but I'm a foreigner to C and looking around on Google did (surprisingly) not answer my question satisfactorily. This project looks about right: http://uthash.sourceforge.net/ but I would need to come up with my own hash key generator. This is a standard, simple problem, so I hope there is a standard and simple solution.

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  • Understanding EDI 997

    - by VishnuTiwariBlog
    Hi Guys, This is for the EDI starter. Below is the complete detail of EDI 997 segment and element details. 997 Functional Acknowledgment Transaction Layout:   No. Seg ID Name Description Example M/O 010 ST Transaction Set Header To indicate the start of a transaction set and to assign a control number ST*997*382823~   M ST01   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set   M ST02   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 020 AK1 Functional Group Response Header To start acknowledgment of a functional group AK1*QM*2459823 M        AK101   Code identifying a group of application related transaction sets IN Invoice Information (810) SH Ship Notice/Manifest (856)     AK102   Assigned number originated and maintained by the sender     030 AK2 Transaction Set Response Header To start acknowledgment of a single transaction set AK2*856*001 M AK201   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set 810 Invoice 856 Ship Notice/Manifest   M AK202   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 040 AK3 Data Segment Note To report errors in a data segment and identify the location of the data segment AK3*TD3*9 O AK301 Segment ID Code Code defining the segment ID of the data segment in error (See Appendix A - Number 77)     AK302 Segment Position in Transaction Set The numerical count position of this data segment from the start of the transaction set: the transaction set header is count position 1     050 AK4 Data Element Note To report errors in a data element or composite data structure and identify the location of the data element AK4*2**2 O AK401 Position in Segment Code indicating the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure combined with the relative position of the component data element within the composite data structure, in error; the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK402 Element Position in Segment This is used to indicate the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure with the relative position of the component within the composite data structure, in error; in the data segment the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK403 Data Element Syntax Error Code Code indicating the error found after syntax edits of a data element 1 Mandatory Data Element Missing 2 Conditional Required Data Element Missing 3 Too Many Data Elements 4 Data Element Too Short 5 Data Element Too Long 6 Invalid Character in Data Element 7 Invalid Code Value 8 Invalid Date 9 Invalid Time 10 Exclusion Condition Violated     AK404 Copy of Bad Data Element This is a copy of the data element in error     060 AK5 AK5 Transaction Set Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection and report errors in a transaction set AK5*A~ AK5*R*5~ M AK501 Transaction Set Acknowledgment Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the transaction set A Accepted E Accepted But Errors Were Noted R Rejected     AK502 Transaction Set Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of a transaction set 1 Transaction Set Not Supported 2 Transaction Set Trailer Missing 3 Transaction Set Control Number in Header and Trailer Do Not Match 4 Number of Included Segments Does Not Match Actual Count 5 One or More Segments in Error 6 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Identifier 7 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Control Number     070 AK9 Functional Group Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection of a functional group and report the number of included transaction sets from the original trailer, the accepted sets, and the received sets in this functional group AK9*A*1*1*1~ AK9*R*1*1*0~ M AK901 Functional Group Acknowledge Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the functional group A Accepted E Accepted, But Errors Were Noted. R Rejected     AK902 Number of Transaction Sets Included Total number of transaction sets included in the functional group or interchange (transmission) group terminated by the trailer containing this data element     AK903 Number of Received Transaction Sets Number of Transaction Sets received     AK904 Number of Accepted Transaction Sets Number of accepted Transaction Sets in a Functional Group     AK905 Functional Group Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of the functional group header and/or trailer 1 Functional Group Not Supported 2 Functional Group Version Not Supported 3 Functional Group Trailer Missing 4 Group Control Number in the Functional Group Header and Trailer Do Not Agree 5 Number of Included Transaction Sets Does Not Match Actual Count 6 Group Control Number Violates Syntax     080 SE Transaction Set Trailer To indicate the end of the transaction set and provide the count of the transmitted segments (including the beginning (ST) and ending (SE) segments) SE*9*223~ M SE01 Number of Included Segments Total number of segments included in a transaction set including ST and SE segments     SE02 Transaction Set Control Number Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set

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  • Understanding EDI 997.

    - by VishnuTiwariBlog
    Hi Guys, This is for the EDI starter. Below is the complete detail of EDI 997 segment and element details. 997 Functional Acknowledgment Transaction Layout: No. Seg ID Name Description Example M/O 010 ST Transaction Set Header To indicate the start of a transaction set and to assign a control number ST*997*382823~   M ST01   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set   M ST02   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 020 AK1 Functional Group Response Header To start acknowledgment of a functional group AK1*QM*2459823 M        AK101   Code identifying a group of application related transaction sets IN Invoice Information (810) SH Ship Notice/Manifest (856)     AK102   Assigned number originated and maintained by the sender     030 AK2 Transaction Set Response Header To start acknowledgment of a single transaction set AK2*856*001 M AK201   Code uniquely identifying a Transaction Set 810 Invoice 856 Ship Notice/Manifest   M AK202   Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set   M 040 AK3 Data Segment Note To report errors in a data segment and identify the location of the data segment AK3*TD3*9 O AK301 Segment ID Code Code defining the segment ID of the data segment in error (See Appendix A - Number 77)     AK302 Segment Position in Transaction Set The numerical count position of this data segment from the start of the transaction set: the transaction set header is count position 1     050 AK4 Data Element Note To report errors in a data element or composite data structure and identify the location of the data element AK4*2**2 O AK401 Position in Segment Code indicating the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure combined with the relative position of the component data element within the composite data structure, in error; the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK402 Element Position in Segment This is used to indicate the relative position of a simple data element, or the relative position of a composite data structure with the relative position of the component within the composite data structure, in error; in the data segment the count starts with 1 for the simple data element or composite data structure immediately following the segment ID     AK403 Data Element Syntax Error Code Code indicating the error found after syntax edits of a data element 1 Mandatory Data Element Missing 2 Conditional Required Data Element Missing 3 Too Many Data Elements 4 Data Element Too Short 5 Data Element Too Long 6 Invalid Character in Data Element 7 Invalid Code Value 8 Invalid Date 9 Invalid Time 10 Exclusion Condition Violated     AK404 Copy of Bad Data Element This is a copy of the data element in error     060 AK5 AK5 Transaction Set Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection and report errors in a transaction set AK5*A~ AK5*R*5~ M AK501 Transaction Set Acknowledgment Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the transaction set A Accepted E Accepted But Errors Were Noted R Rejected     AK502 Transaction Set Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of a transaction set 1 Transaction Set Not Supported 2 Transaction Set Trailer Missing 3 Transaction Set Control Number in Header and Trailer Do Not Match 4 Number of Included Segments Does Not Match Actual Count 5 One or More Segments in Error 6 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Identifier 7 Missing or Invalid Transaction Set Control Number     070 AK9 Functional Group Response Trailer To acknowledge acceptance or rejection of a functional group and report the number of included transaction sets from the original trailer, the accepted sets, and the received sets in this functional group AK9*A*1*1*1~ AK9*R*1*1*0~ M AK901 Functional Group Acknowledge Code Code indicating accept or reject condition based on the syntax editing of the functional group A Accepted E Accepted, But Errors Were Noted. R Rejected     AK902 Number of Transaction Sets Included Total number of transaction sets included in the functional group or interchange (transmission) group terminated by the trailer containing this data element     AK903 Number of Received Transaction Sets Number of Transaction Sets received     AK904 Number of Accepted Transaction Sets Number of accepted Transaction Sets in a Functional Group     AK905 Functional Group Syntax Error Code Code indicating error found based on the syntax editing of the functional group header and/or trailer 1 Functional Group Not Supported 2 Functional Group Version Not Supported 3 Functional Group Trailer Missing 4 Group Control Number in the Functional Group Header and Trailer Do Not Agree 5 Number of Included Transaction Sets Does Not Match Actual Count 6 Group Control Number Violates Syntax     080 SE Transaction Set Trailer To indicate the end of the transaction set and provide the count of the transmitted segments (including the beginning (ST) and ending (SE) segments) SE*9*223~ M SE01 Number of Included Segments Total number of segments included in a transaction set including ST and SE segments     SE02 Transaction Set Control Number Identifying control number that must be unique within the transaction set functional group assigned by the originator for a transaction set

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  • Should pathfinder in A* hold closedSet and openedSet or each object should hold its sets?

    - by Patryk
    I am about to implement A* pathfinding algorithm and I wonder how should I implement this - from the point of view of architecture. I have the pathfinder as a class - I think I will instantiate only one object of this class (or maybe make it a Singleton - this is not so important). The hardest part for me is whether the closedSet and openedSet should be attached to objects that can find the path for them or should be stored in pathfinder class ? I am opened to any hints and critique whatsoever. What is the best practice considering pathfinding in terms of design ?

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  • Should all new web projects build their backend based on xml/json result sets?

    - by Blankman
    If you were building a new Saas project, would it make sense to start with all of the backend services returning xml/json? Because these days you need to build for both the web and mobile devices, and having a backend that is build from the start to return xml and json, you are ready to go mobile (all services have the business logic, so you won't be repeating anything). Now the web would be MVC, so the controller would just be routing the request to your service backend, and converting the json or xml to html. The obviousl downside is that you have to build a backend, and then another web project that calls your backend. But this also goes to you favor as it forces you to seperate your concerns, and not leak business logic in your controller/view layer. Thoughts?

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  • Given two sets of DNA, what does it take to computationally "grow" that person from a fertilised egg and see what they become? [closed]

    - by Nicholas Hill
    My question is essentially entirely in the title, but let me add some points to prevent some "why on earth would you want to do that" sort of answers: This is more of a mind experiment than an attempt to implement real software. For fun. Don't worry about computational speed or the number of available memory bytes. Computers get faster and better all of the time. Imagine we have two data files: Mother.dna and Father.dna. What else would be required? (Bonus point for someone who tells me approx how many GB each file will be, and if the size of the files are exactly the same number of bytes for everyone alive on Earth!) There would ideally need to be a way to see what the egg becomes as it becomes a human adult. If you fancy, feel free to outline the design. I am initially thinking that there'd need to be some sort of volumetric voxel-based 3D environment for simulation purposes.

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  • Should I be looking for developers with specific skill sets or generalists that need to learn?

    - by Lostsoul
    Thanks to the great help of this site and SO, I've been able to make a prototype of a software I want to sell but unfortunately although the prototype works I think my code quality is very low. I didn't use much OOP or design patterns so although my code is understandable to me, I think a normal developer would faint if they had to read it. So I wanted to hire a developer to make it a bit more better quality and improve some of my implementations of API's that I may have not done correctly. I'm having problems hiring a developer though. I have met 2 developers and had them read my software specs.The problem is, they lacked my business's domain knowledge(which is completely understandable and no biggie) but they also lacked knowledge of the underlying tech systems I used such as Hadoop, Hbase, Cuda, etc..I spent alot of time explaining map/reduce, bigtables and other technologies I used. I thought it was common knowledge because of my interactions with people on this site but the people I met with mentioned they never had to deal with these things so they didn't know it. My question is, for software projects that are hiring contractor developers is it a danger if the developer does not have experience with the underlying technologies? or can a general developer who is accomplished in another area realistically pick up new technologies? I did a very very quick back of envelope calculation and I think the upfront costs would be similar if I hire a student or developer with no experience in my technologies who will work many hours versus hiring a highly experienced developer who charges double but finishes in half the time but what other risks should I be considering or worried about? Also, should if I do hire a generalist, should I be paying for the time it takes them to learn hadoop or cuda if they are contractors(seems to make business sense but not sure how fair it is to them if they do not use the skill again). I'm a bit confused so any suggestions would be great.

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  • Can SSL Wildcards have multiple/nested levels of wildcard?

    - by Don Faulkner
    I know that an SSL wildcard certificate (*.example.org) can be used to support many names under the domain (a.example.org, b.example.org, c.example.org). I also know that the * is only good for matching a single level of name. That is, *.example.org will not work on a.b.example.org. What if I used a certificate with the name ..example.org? I'd like to build a certificate with the following name configuration: CN=example.org subjectAltName=DNS:example.org, DNS:*.example.org, DNS:*.*.example.org, DNS:*.*.*.example.org I've tried building a few like this as self-signed certificates, but I've not had good results. For example, chrome tells me "Server's certificate does not match the URL." Is it possible to have nested wildcards in a certificate, or do the popular browsers not support this?

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  • What would be the fastest way of storing or calculating legal move sets for chess pieces?

    - by ioSamurai
    For example if a move is attempted I could just loop through a list of legal moves and compare the x,y but I have to write logic to calculate those at least every time the piece is moved. Or, I can store in an array [,] and then check if x and y are not 0 then it is a legal move and then I save the data like this [0][1][0][0] etc etc for each row where 1 is a legal move, but I still have to populate it. I wonder what the fastest way to store and read a legal move on a piece object for calculation. I could use matrix math as well I suppose but I don't know. Basically I want to persist the rules for a given piece so I can assign a piece object a little template of all it's possible moves considering it is starting from it's current location, which should be just one table of data. But is it faster to loop or write LINQ queries or store arrays and matrices? public class Move { public int x; public int y; } public class ChessPiece : Move { private List<Move> possibleMoves { get; set; } public bool LegalMove(int x, int y){ foreach(var p in possibleMoves) { if(p.x == x && p.y == y) { return true; } } } } Anyone know?

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  • Does Google pick up anchor text that is in nested elements?

    - by dangerDAN
    When Google looks at anchor text on a website, will it pickup the text if it is inside nested elements? So for example: <a href="http://www.google.com/">Visit Google</a> To: <a href="http://www.google.com/"> <div class="circle"> <span>Visit Google</span> </div> </a> The reason I ask is because I want to use css3 elements for certain links on my website, to style them as circles. But the anchor text needs to be picked up for these links, so I want to know wether or not the above is bad practice in this case.

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  • If C-Panel Indexing Manager sets a folder to "No Indexing" can it be crawled by a webcrawler?

    - by Graham
    People are able to view directories / folders on my site right now. So, they could go to mysite.com/images and see the full index. To prevent this, C-Panel offers an option to set a directory / folder to "No Indexing" under the "Index Manager." Will this option allow webcrawlers to crawl / index the images? Or, is there a simpler alternative to block access to all folders directly while still having it SEO friendly? My old server restricted direct access to folders by default. But, the new one does not. Any ideas on this? Thanks!

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  • How to decode sprop-parameter-sets in a H264 SDP?

    - by Cipi
    What is the meaning of Base64 decoded bytes in sprop-parameter-sets in SDP for a h264 stream? How can I know the video size from this example? SDP example: sprop-parameter-sets=Z0IAKeNQFAe2AtwEBAaQeJEV,aM48gA== First part decoded from Base64 to Base16: 67 42 00 29 E3 50 14 07 B6 02 DC 04 04 06 90 78 91 15 Second part (comma separated): 68 CE 3C 80

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