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• Storing a Hex Grid

  - by Pedro Caetano

  I've been creating a small hex grid framework for Unity3D and have come to the following dilema. This is my coordinate system (taken from here) Link because I'm a new user It all works pretty nicely except for the fact I have no idea how to store it. I originally intended to store this in a 2D array and use images to generate my maps. One problem was that it had negative values (this was easily fixed by offsetting the coordinates a bit). However, due to this coordinate system, such an image or bitmap would have to be diamond shaped - and since these structures are square shaped, this would cause a lot of headaches even if I hack something together. Is there anything I'm missing that could fix this? I recall seeing a forum post regarding this in the unity forums but I can no longer find the link. Is writing a set of coordinate translators the best solution here? If you guys think it would be helpful, I can post code and images of my problem.

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• Weird appearance for a 3D XNA ground

  - by Belos

  I wanted to add a ground so I can know the position of a helicopter in the world. But the ground appeared in a weird way: http://i.stack.imgur.com/yTSuW.jpg The ground had the following texture: http://i.stack.imgur.com/pdpxB.png EDIT: Sorry, I forgot to post the code: public class ImportModel { public Vector3 Position { get; set; } public Vector3 Rotation { get; set; } public Vector3 Scale { get; set; } Model Model; Matrix[] modeltransforms; GraphicsDevice GraphicDevice; ContentManager Content; BoundingSphere sphere; bool boundingimplemented = false; public ImportModel(string model, GraphicsDevice gd, ContentManager cm, Vector3 position, Vector3 rot, Vector3 sca) { GraphicDevice = gd; Content = cm; Position = position; Rotation = rot; Scale = sca; Model = Content.Load<Model>(model); modeltransforms = new Matrix[Model.Bones.Count]; Model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(modeltransforms); } public void Draw(Camera camera) { Matrix baseworld = Matrix.CreateScale(Scale) * Matrix.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Rotation.Y, Rotation.X, Rotation.Z) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { Matrix localworld = modeltransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * baseworld; foreach (ModelMeshPart meshpart in mesh.MeshParts) { BasicEffect effect = (BasicEffect)meshpart.Effect; effect.World = localworld; effect.View = camera.View; effect.Projection = camera.Projection; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } mesh.Draw(); } } public BoundingSphere BoundingSphere { get { if (!boundingimplemented) { foreach (ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { BoundingSphere transformed = mesh.BoundingSphere.Transform( modeltransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]); sphere = BoundingSphere.CreateMerged(sphere, transformed); } Matrix worldTransform = Matrix.CreateScale(Scale) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); BoundingSphere transforme = sphere; transforme = transforme.Transform(worldTransform); return transforme; } else { Matrix worldTransform = Matrix.CreateScale(Scale) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(Position); BoundingSphere transformed = sphere; transformed = transformed.Transform(worldTransform); return transformed; } } } } Then I call the class from the Game1 class: ImportModel ground = new ImportModel("ground", GraphicsDevice, Content, Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(20f)); EDIT2:This is how the scene looks from top: i.stack.imgur.com/Hs983.jpg

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• How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

  - by Pombal

  Hi. I've read lots of articles about DOD and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OO interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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• Checking for collisions on a 3D heightmap

  - by Piku

  I have a 3D heightmap drawn using OpenGL (which isn't important). It's represented by a 2D array of height data. To draw this I go through the array using each point as a vertex. Three vertices are wound together to form a triangle, two triangles to make a quad. To stop the whole mesh being tiny I scale this by a certain amount called 'gridsize'. This produces a fairly nice and lumpy, angular terrain kind of similar to something you'd see in old Atari/Amiga or DOS '3D' games (think Virus/Zarch on the Atari ST). I'm now trying to work out how to do collision with the terrain, testing to see if the player is about to collide with a piece of scenery sticking upwards or fall into a hole. At the moment I am simply dividing the player's co-ordinates by the gridsize to find which vertex the player is on top of and it works well when the player is exactly over the corner of a triangle piece of terrain. However... How can I make it more accurate for the bits between the vertices? I get confused since they don't exist in my heightmap data, they're a product of the GPU trying to draw a triangle between three points. I can calculate the height of the point closest to the player, but not the space between them. I.e if the player is hovering over the centre of one of these 'quads', rather than over the corner vertex of one, how do I work out the height of the terrain below them? Later on I may want the player to slide down the slopes in the terrain.

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• How do I draw a dotted or dashed line?

  - by Gagege

  I'm trying to draw a dashed or dotted line by placing individual segments(dashes) along a path and then separating them. The only algorithm I could come up with for this gave me a dash length that was variable based on the angle of the line. Like this: private function createDashedLine(fromX:Float, fromY:Float, toX:Float, toY:Float):Sprite { var line = new Sprite(); var currentX = fromX; var currentY = fromY; var addX = (toX - fromX) * 0.0075; var addY = (toY - fromY) * 0.0075; line.graphics.lineStyle(1, 0xFFFFFF); var count = 0; // while line is not complete while (!lineAtDestination(fromX, fromY, toX, toY, currentX, currentY)) { /// move line draw cursor to beginning of next dash line.graphics.moveTo(currentX, currentY); // if dash is even if (count % 2 == 0) { // draw the dash line.graphics.lineTo(currentX + addX, currentY + addY); } // add next dash's length to current cursor position currentX += addX; currentY += addY; count++; } return line; } This just happens to be written in Haxe, but the solution should be language neutral. What I would like is for the dash length to be the same no matter what angle the line is. As is, it's just adding 75 thousandths of the line length to the x and y, so if the line is and a 45 degree angle you get pretty much a solid line. If the line is at something shallow like 85 degrees then you get a nice looking dashed line. So, the dash length is variable, and I don't want that. How would I make a function that I can pass a "dash length" into and get that length of dash, no matter what the angle is? If you need to completely disregard my code, be my guest. I'm sure there's a better solution.

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• Find angle for projectile to meet target in parabolic arc

  - by TheBroodian

  I'm making a thing that launches projectiles in 2D. Its projectiles are fired with a set initial velocity, and are only affected by gravity. Assuming that its target is within range, and that there aren't any obstacles, how would my thing find the appropriate angle at which to launch its projectile (in radians)? The equation for this is found here: Wikipedia: Angle Required to Hit Coordinate Sadly, I'm not a physicist (a.k.a. can't read smart people math) and am having a hard time reading its breakdown. If not only for the sake of anybody else that might read this other than myself, would anybody be kind enough to break the equation down into baby words please?

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• Objects disappear when zoomed out in Unity

  - by Starkers

  Ignore the palm trees here. I have some oak-like trees when I'm zoomed in: They disappear when I zoom out: Is this normal? Is this something to do with draw distance? How can I change this so my trees don't disappear? The reason I ask is because my installation had a weird terrain glitch. If this isn't normal I'm going to reinstall right away because I'm always thinking 'is that a feature? Or a glitch'?

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• D3DXMatrixDecompose gives different quaternion than D3DXQuaternionRotationMatrix

  - by Fraser

  In trying to solve this problem, I tracked down the problem to the conversion of the rotation matrix to quaternion. In particular, consider the following matrix: -0.02099178 0.9997436 -0.008475631 0 0.995325 0.02009799 -0.09446743 0 0.09427284 0.01041905 0.9954919 0 0 0 0 1 SlimDX.Quaternion.RotationMatrix (which calls D3DXQuaternionRotationMatrix gives a different answer than SlimDX.Matrix.Decompose (which uses D3DXMatrixDecompose). The answers they give (after being normalized) are: X Y Z W Quaternion.RotationMatrix -0.05244324 0.05137424 0.002209336 0.9972991 Matrix.Decompose 0.6989997 0.7135442 -0.03674842 -0.03006023 Which are totally different (note the signs of X, Z, and W are different). Note that these aren't q/-q (two quaternions that represent the same rotation); they face completely different directions. I've noticed that with matrices for rotations very close to that one (successive frames in the animation) that the Matrix.Decompose version gives a solution that flips around wildly and occasionally goes into the desired position, while the Quaternion.RotationMatrix version gives solutions that are stable but go in the wrong direction. This is only for the right arm in my animation -- for the left arm, both functions give the correct solution, which is the same quaternion within error tolerances. This makes me think that there's some sort of numeric instability or weird stuff with signs going on. I tried implementing this and then this, but both gave me a completely incorrect solution (even for the matricies where the SlimDX ones were working correctly) -- maybe the rows and columns are flipped?

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• How to check battery usage of an iPhone/Android app?

  - by Gajoo

  I think the title says Enough. For example Unity can generate you a report how much CPU/GPU power it's using or how fast it's going to drain device battery, but what about the applications developed using Cocos2d or the ones you develop directly using OpenGL? How should you profile them? In general what should you profile? or Should I simply run the application and wait for it's battery to run out?

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• Why do consoles have so little memory compared to classic computers?

  - by jokoon

  I remember the Playstation having 2MB ram and 1MB graphic memory. The Playstation 3 now has only 256MB ram and 256MB graphic memory, and I'm sure that the day the console was released, even laptop's "standard" capacity was at least 1GB. So why do they put so little memory in their machines, while developers would benefit a lot by having more ? Or is the memory that much faster than desktops and thus more expensive ? Or is it not that much worth it for developers ? What are the Sony/XBox/Nintendo engineers thinking that seems to be the same reason ?

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• Points around a circumference C#

  - by Lautaro

  Im trying to get a list of vectors that go around a circle, but i keep getting the circle to go around several times. I want one circel and the dots to be placed along its circumference. I want the first dot to start at 0 and the last dot to end just before 360. Also i need to be able to calculate the spacing by the ammount of points. List<Vector2> pointsInPath = new List<Vector2>(); private int ammountOfPoints = 5; private int blobbSize = 200; private Vector2 topLeft = new Vector2(100, 100); private Vector2 blobbCenter; private int endAngle = 50; private int angleIncrementation; public Blobb() { blobbCenter = new Vector2(blobbSize / 2, blobbSize / 2) + topLeft; angleIncrementation = endAngle / ammountOfPoints; for (int i = 0; i < ammountOfPoints; i++) { pointsInPath.Add(getPointByAngle(i * angleIncrementation, 100, blobbCenter)); // pointsInPath.Add(getPointByAngle(i * angleIncrementation, blobbSize / 2, blobbCenter)); } } private Vector2 getPointByAngle(float angle, float distance, Vector2 centre) { return new Vector2((float)(distance * Math.Cos(angle) ), (float)(distance * Math.Sin(angle))) + centre ; }

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• What are the steps taken by this GLSL code?

  - by user827992

  1 void main(void) 2 { 3 vec2 pos = mod(gl_FragCoord.xy, vec2(50.0)) - vec2(25.0); 4 float dist_squared = dot(pos, pos); 5 6 gl_FragColor = (dist_squared < 400.0) 7 ? vec4(.90, .90, .90, 1.0) 8 : vec4(.20, .20, .40, 1.0); 9 } taken from http://people.freedesktop.org/~idr/OpenGL_tutorials/03-fragment-intro.html Now, this looks really trivial and simple, but my problem is with the mod function. This function is taking 2 vec2 as inputs but is supposed to take just 2 atomic arguments according to the official documentation, also this function makes an implicit use of the floor function that only accepts, again, 1 atomic argument. Can someone explain this to me step by step and point out what I'm not getting here? It's some kind of OpenGL trick? OpenGL Math trick? in the GLSL docs i always find and explicit reference to the type accepted by the function and vec2 it's not there.

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• Which 3D file formats support multiple animations? [on hold]

  - by Justin

  I'm working on a 3D application that uses Assimp to import 3D models with animations. Personally, I use Blender to create the models and animations. I'm having trouble exporting multiple animations, however. For example, I'd like to have an idle animation, a walk animation, a run animation, etc. So far I've tried COLLADA and DirectX without much success. The COLLADA export will include the first animation, but not any of the others. The DirectX doesn't include any animation. Which 3D file formats support multiple animations? (Preferably one that Assimp can import. Also, the Assimp website says that it doesn't support .blend files with animation, otherwise I'd just do that.)

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• InputLayout handling

  - by Kikaimaru

  Where are you supposed to store InputLayout? Suppose i have some basic structure like. class Mesh { List<MeshPart> MeshParts } class MeshPart { Effect Effect; VertexBufferBinding VertexBuffer; ... } Where should I store input layout? It's a connection between vertex buffer and specific pass, i can live with just 1 pass but I still have diffferent techniques so i need at least an array with some connection to effecttechniques, but I would appriciate something not crazy like dictionary. I could also create wrapper for Effect and EffectTechnique, but there must be some normal solution.

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• Cube chunk via list ToArray()

  - by Christian Frantz

  I've created a list of vertices that I call for each cube made in my array "cubes". When each cube is create, SetUpVertices is called which is a method that stores the 8 vertices of my cube. At the end of my list creation, I create a vertex buffer, and set the data of the list that contains vertices of all 25 cubes to that vertex buffer, effectively creating a "chunk" of cubes. The problem is that Invalid Operation Exception "The array is not the correct size for the amount of data requested." at the line vertices.ToArray(). I don't have an array for this, as the amount of cubes will be changing and arrays aren't dynamic. What could be the cause of this? for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < 5; z++) { SetUpVertices(); cubes.Add(new Cube(device, new Vector3(x, map[x, z], z), color)); } } vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, typeof(VertexPositionColor), 8, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices.ToArray());

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• OpenGL doesn't draw (3.3+) [on hold]

  - by Dhiego Magalhães

  Brief: I've been following this tutorial about OpenGL for 2 days, and I still can't have a triangle drawn, so I'm asking for help here. The tutorial is turned to OpenGL version 3.3 programing, using vertex arrays, buffers, etc. The libraries are: GLFW3 and GLEW, and I setted them by myself. The screen keeps black all the time. Full code: link here (It's just like a Hello World opengl program) Further Details: I get no errors at all. I downloaded a software to test my video card, and it supports OpenGL 4.1+ Standard OpenGL code for drawing (from earlier version) such as this one works normally. I'm using Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0 I presume all the OpenGL implementation was dune right: I added Additional Dependences to the linker as glew32.lib, opengl32.lib, glfw3.lib. The glew.dll was placed at SysWOW64 - because I'm running window 64bits, and glew is 32. Notes: I've been working hard to find out what this is, but I can't find. I would appreciate if anyone could test this code for me, so I can know if I implemented something wrong, and that its not my code.

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• XNA - 2D Rotation of an object to a selected direction

  - by lobsterhat

  I'm trying to figure out the best way of rotating an object towards the directional input of the user. I'm attempting to mimic making turns on ice skates. For instance, if the player is moving right and the input is down and left, the player should start rotating to the right a set amount each tick. I'll calculate a new vector based on current velocity and rotation and apply that to the current velocity. That should give me nice arcing turns, correct? At the moment I've got eight if/else statements for each key combination which in turn check the current rotation: // Rotate to 225 if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up) && keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left)) { // Rotate right if (rotation >= 45 || rotation < 225) { rotation += ROTATION_PER_TICK; } // Rotate left else if (rotation < 45 || rotation > 225) { rotation -= ROTATION_PER_TICK; } } This seems like a sloppy way to do this and eventually, I'll need to do this check about 10 times a tick. Any help toward a more efficient solution is appreciated.

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• How can I ease the work of getting pixel coordinates from a spritesheet?

  - by ThePlan

  When it comes to spritesheets they're usually easier to use, and they're very efficient memory-wise, but the problem that I'm always having is getting the actual position of a sprite from a sheet. Usually, I have to throw in some aproximated values and modify them several times until I get it right. My question: is there a tool which can basically show you the coordinates of the mouse relative to the image you have opened? Or is there a simpler method of getting the exact rectangle that the sprite is contained in?

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• Low CPU/Memory/Memory-bandwith Pathfinding (maybe like in Warcraft 1)

  - by Valmond

  Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-) [edit] As explained to Byte56, I'm searching for a low cpu/mem/mem-bandwidth algo and wanted to know if Warcraft had some special secrets to deliver (never seen that kind of pathfinding elsewhere), I hope that that is more concordant with the stackexchange rules.

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• Maya is lagging in a specific way...?

  - by Aerovistae

  My Maya installation worked perfectly. It is not my computer. Something caused it to stop working overnight, somehow. When I try to drag a vertex or something like that, it moves the vertex, but then I have to click like 3 times somewhere outside the mesh before the actual mesh will catch up and follow the vertex. Until I do that, it just stays as it was, with a floating vertex somewhere inside it or outside it. It makes modeling borderline impossible and completely infuriating. What ought to be happening is what we're all used to-- as I move the vertex, the mesh follows it actively, so I can see what it looks like at every given moment until I release the vertex in its new position. Other weird thing: this only applies to complex meshes, like a couple thousand faces. A simple cube works fine. What gives?? Anybody?

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• How do I use unpackHalf2x16?

  - by user1032861

  I'm trying to use (un)packHalf2x16, without success so far. I'm drawing with: glVertexAttribIPointer(0, 2, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, 0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, n_points); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); and on the shader #version 330 core #extension GL_ARB_shading_language_packing : require in uvec2 A0; // (...) vec4 t = vec4(unpackHalf2x16(A0.x), unpackHalf2x16(A0.y)); But nothing gets drawn. I'm pretty sure buffer's content is right, and if I use vec4 t = vec4(0); I can see it's working properly. How is this packing / unpacking thing supposed to work? I can't find any example.

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• Multiplication for MVP matrices: Any benefits to doing so within the vertex shader?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I'd like to understand under what circumstances (if any) it is worth doing MVP matrix multiplication inside a vertex shader. The vertex shader is run once per vertex, and a single mesh typically contains many vertices. All MVP inputs remain the same for each vertex in the vertex batch relating to a given draw call (model). Surely then, you're always better off keeping the multiplications in the client code, such that you pass in the whole MVP precalculated as a uniform? (avoiding redundant ops between individual vertices)

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• Collision detection of player larger than clipping tile

  - by user1306322

  I want to know how to check for collisions efficiently in case where the player's box is larger than a map tile. On the left is my usual case where I make 8 checks against every surrounding tile, but with the right one it would be much more inefficient. (picture of two cases: on the left is the simple case, on the right is the one I need help with) http://i.stack.imgur.com/k7q0l.png How should I handle the right case?

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• Separate collision mesh model?

  - by Menno Gouw

  I want to have another go at 3D within XNA. What I have seen from some other games that they just have a separate very low poly model "cage" around the environment model. However I can not find any reference to this. I have not that much experience with XNA 3D either. Is it possible to have this cage within each of my environmental models already? Lets just say I call the mesh within the .FBX wall and col_wall. How would I call to these different meshes within XNA? The player would just have a tight collision cube around. To make it a bit more efficient I will be making divide the map up by cubes and only calculate collision if the player is in it. Question two: I can't find anywhere to do cube vs mesh collision. Is there a method for this? Or perhaps it is possible to build my collision cage out of cubes in the 3D app and on loading of the models in XNA replace them directly by cubes? So I could just do box to box collision which should be very cheap and still give the player the ability to move over ledges on the static models.

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• Make Gameobject Stand On Surface Facing Certain Direction

  - by Julian

  I want to make a biped character stand on any surface I click on. Surfaces have up vectors of any of positive or negative X,Y,Z. So imagine a cube with each face being a gameobject whose up vector pointing directly away from the cube. If my character is facing "forward" and I click on a surface which is to the left or right of me ( left or right walls), I want my character to now be standing on that surface but still be facing in the direction he initially was. If I click on a wall which is in the forward path of my character i want him to now be standing on that surface and his forward to now be what was once "up" relative to my character. Here is the code I am working with now. void Update() { if (Input.GetMouseButtonUp (0)) { RaycastHit hit; var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) { Vector3 upVectBefore = transform.up; Vector3 forwardVectBefore = transform.forward; Quaternion rotationVectBefore = transform.rotation; Vector3 hitPosition = hit.transform.position; transform.position = hitPosition; float lookDifference = Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, forwardVectBefore); if(Vector3.Distance(hit.transform.up, upVectBefore) < .23) //Same normal { transform.rotation = rotationVectBefore; } else if(lookDifference > 1.412 && lookDifference <= 1.70607) //side wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = forwardVectBefore; } else //head on wall { transform.up = hit.transform.up; transform.forward = upVectBefore; } } } } The first case "Same normal" works fine, however the other two do not work as I would like them to. Sometimes my character is laying down on the surface or on the wrong side of the surface. Does anyone know nice way of solving this problem?

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