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  • Why can a network address not be a valid host address?

    - by Goblinlord
    So... I have studied for CCNA and such and been working with IP networking at the least the past 8 years or so. I have always seen and been told that the network address for a subnet is not a valid host address. Now first I will start by saying I know this is true. My question is more... is there a technical reason it can not be used or was it just arbitrarily agreed upon when the specification was designed? I understand why a broadcast address can not be used (because it is ACTUALLY used). The thing is when I see a network address used it is normally only in routing which is specifically using NETWORK addresses. This being the case, (network addresses being used only when you are expecting a network address) is there some technical reason that they could not have the network address be an actual valid host address?

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  • Does multi-platter hard-drive use all of their heads to read simultaneously?

    - by WiSaGaN
    Suppose we have a harddisk with 2 platters with characteristics below: Rotational rate: 10, 000 RPM Avg sectors/track: 1000 Surfaces: 4 Sector size: 512 bytes I was reading "Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective 2ed" when I found that it calculates transfer time as if it only uses ONE head to read a sector. If that's the case, why not use 4 heads to write(read) on 4 surfaces? So when I write a 2K bytes file, each head should only need to wait for the platters to rotate just one sector length instead of 4, thus reducing the transfer time by a factor of 4. Or even redesign sector to make each sector on one cylinder but on 4 tracks residing same position respectively on 4 surfaces. Each one of (512/4) bytes. So when the hd needs to read a sector of 512 bytes, we only need the disk to rotate roughly 1/4 compare to original time. The idea looks like RAID 0.

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  • Dual monitor, permission issue

    - by cenna75
    I had a dual monitor configuration going on for quite some time. One day, after moving the computer to another location and reconnecting everything, it changed such that I saw everything in double (being very much sober), I think it's called the 'mirrors' config. Anyway, from there on, there was nothing to be done through the system settings gui to change it back, as it wouldn't allow me to save any modification. The error I get when clicking 'save' is : "Failed to create file /home/me/monitors.xml.xxxxxx. Permission denied", xxxx being a random code, changing everytime. However, I can save all the configurations I want just fine by using the terminal, in my case: xrandr --output DVI-I-1 --right-of VGA-1 So I do have a workaround and this is therefore a question more out of curiosity. What could possibly have changed to make it impossible to do it through the gui and still letting me change the config using xrandr without being root? I'm having a hard time believing it could have anything to do with disconnecting/reconnecting the monitors... Any idea? Thanks !

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  • Can I use multiple email servers at once?

    - by TheLQ
    I was wondering: Can you use multiple email servers at once? In this case, I was going to add all the Google Apps MX records then add the MX records of another email server. My goal here is to only use the somewhat expensive Google Apps for only important email addresses (eg all the employees), then use the other cheap email server for other email addresses like webmaster and some other unimportant but needed emails. My thought is that a mail message would try the first 5 Google Apps mail servers, fail, then go to mine and succeed. Would this work? If not, are there any other options?

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  • How can I forward certain emails based on header information with Postfix?

    - by Jason Novinger
    We receive service requests via a particular email. The request is then forwarded to other addresses, using an entry in virtual_alias_maps. Upon seeing the word "EMERGENCY" in the subject line of a request to this email, I would also like to forward this to another address (an alias of our administrator's SMS email addresses). I think I can accomplish this with header checks and the REDIRECT command. However, REDIRECT only sends it to the redirected address, not the forwarded addresses. In the case of "EMERGENCY" I would like it to go to the redirect address and the original forwarded addresses. I am fairly new to Postfix and I feel like I am missing something here. Any suggestions?

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  • Replace values in column, space delimited file in Vim

    - by user1256923
    I have a file that looks like: 2067 24311 <hkxhk> {00} 2069 17219 <hkxhk> {00} 2071 20931 <hkxhk> {00} 2073 5557 <hkxhk> {00} 2075 2127 <hkxhk> {00} 2077 20947 <hkxhk> {00} 2081 18088 <hkxhk> {00} I want to replace the first column value so that it looks like 5 24311 <hkxhk> {00} 5 17219 <hkxhk> {00} 5 20931 <hkxhk> {00} 5 5557 <hkxhk> {00} 5 2127 <hkxhk> {00} 5 20947 <hkxhk> {00} 5 18088 <hkxhk> {00} Where the first space delimited column has been replaced by a new value, in this case 5.

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  • Linux/Solaris replace hostnames in files according to hostname rule

    - by yael
    According to the following Perl command ( this command part of ksh script ) I can replaced old hostnames with new hostnames in Linux or Solaris previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a export previos_machine_name export new_machine_name . perl -i -pe 'next if /^ *#/; s/(\b|[[:^alnum:]])$ENV{previos_machine_name}(\b|[[:^alnum:]])/$1$ENV{new_machine_name}$2/g' file EXPLAIN: according to perl command - we not replaces hostnames on the follwoing case: RULE: [NUMBERS]||[letter]HOSTNAME[NUMBERS]||[letter] my question after I used the Perl command in order to replace all old hostnames with new hostnames based on the "RULE" in the Perl command how to verify that the old hostnames not exist in file ? for example previos_machine_name=linux1a new_machine_name=Red_Hat_linux1a more file AAARed_Hat_linux1a verification should be ignore from this line @Red_Hat_linux1a$ verification should be match this line P=Red_Hat_linux1a verification should be match this line XXXRed_Hat_linux1aZZZ verification should be ignore from this line . . . .

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  • Prioritize file sharing capabilities in Windows Server 2008

    - by cmbrnt
    I've got a server running Windows Server 2008, and use it mainly for sharing files throughout the domain from a number of disks. It's running on VMware ESXi 4.0, in case that matters. My problem is that when I log in to the server to check user permissions etc, the access speed the files on the remote disks almost grinds to a halt. I havn't been able to measure the speeds, but I would guess it slows down to about 100kB/s as soon as I log in. This is on a gigabit network and the problems are equal for all users, even the ones connected to the same switch as the server. I've assigned 2 GB RAM to the server, and reserved it 1,5Ghz processor power. I don't have to do anything special on the server for this halt to occur. How can I make sure file sharing is prioritized on the server, so no matter what applications I'm using it will always make sure file sharing works properly? Could this be a VMware issue?

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  • Access boot menu from Windows 8 PC

    - by svnpenn
    I have a computer that came with Windows 8 preinstalled. I want to boot from a CD, in this case Hiren's Boot CD. However Windows 8 doesn't seem to like this. I have tried pressing F8, ESC, F12 and so on. I read online that Windows 8 can boot in 200ms, so that it might not even be possible to boot from a Live CD before Windows loads. I would like to know how to boot from a CD before Windows loads, if possible. If not possible, how to boot from the Live CD after Windows loads.

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  • How best to construct our test subjects in unit tests?

    - by Liath
    Some of our business logic classes require quite a few dependencies (in our case 7-10). As such when we come to unit test these the creation become quite complex. In most tests these dependencies are often not required (only some dependencies are required for particular methods). As a result unit tests often require a significant number of lines of code to mock up these useless dependencies (which can't be null because of null checks). For example: [Test] public void TestMethodA() { var dependency5 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency5.Setup(x => x. // some setup var sut = new Sut(new Mock<IDependency1>().Object, new Mock<IDependency2>().Object, new Mock<IDependency3>().Object, new Mock<IDependency4>().Object, dependency5); Assert.SomeAssert(sut.MethodA()); } In this example almost half the test is taken up creating dependencies which aren't used. I've investigated an approach where I have a helper method. [Test] public void TestMethodA() { var dependency5 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency5.Setup(x => x. // some setup var sut = CreateSut(null, null, null, null, dependency5); Assert.SomeAssert(sut.MethodA()); } private Sut CreateSut(IDependency1 d1, IDependency2 d2...) { return new Sut(d1 ?? new Mock<IDependency1>().Object, d2 ?? new Mock<IDependency2>().Object, } But these often grow very complicated very quickly. What is the best way to create these BLL classes in test classes to reduce complexity and simplify tests?

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  • How to maintain original figure numbers in pdf document saved from Word 2007 file?

    - by S_H
    I have a Word 2007 document in which the Figure numbers and List of Figures is correct i.e. exactly as I want. I generate a pdf (Adobe Reader X, Version 10.1.2) from Word 2007 document using the save as option. The List of Figures in the pdf document comes out exactly as present in the Word document, however when I click on that Figure number I see a different number than present in List of Figures. For example, I have this Figure number on List of Figures which is exactly as I want: But the corresponding Figure on Page 61 shows following number: It is becoming 4-21 from 4-7 because the total number of Figures from Chapters 1 till this Figure are 20. However, I want break in number of Figures between each Chapter i.e. Figures for Chapter 4 should start from 4-1, so the number 4-21 is actually 4-7 in that case. How can I correct this? Thanks.

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  • ubuntu 12.10 grub doesn't appear efi mode

    - by user100604
    After a number of failed attempts on installing Ubuntu and Linux in the hybrid-gpt of Windows, in which I wanted different partitions by gparted, I ended up creating againg a conventional partitions table within the conventional system. This photo is not mine because as creating the partition I did not think in taking photos, but I am showing you it so that you can see the format “MS-DOS”, the standard format of gparted. My neetbook is a k55MV Asus 500GB (the page don't allow me to put 3 hiperlink I will put it at the end in a new coment 1) I installed Windows by creating a partition just for it. Windows created two partitions else for starting the system up. However creating it on ms-dos appear now in gpt view fotos 2) With the rest of the space, I created a 90-gigabyte partition for Ubuntu and the “swap” of 4 gb. The other partitions are for data. 3) I assured myself about installing Ubuntu in the partition whose format was ext4, for using that partition as base and to install the “grub” on the base of 500gb. I have boot the system up, Ubuntu is loaded but the grub does not appear. I have tried by pressing “beginning” “UPPER CASE LETTER”, but no way! I have checked the flies up, and partitions are there. http://www.subirimagenes.com/imagen-capturadepantalla-8080960.html By pressing fdisk-1, this picture comes up: http://www.subirimagenes.com/imagen-capturadepantalla-8080965.html I am spanish updated: at the beginning of the system, pressing f12 appears a grub without windows

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  • PHP5.3 FastCGI doesn't use global config's values

    - by mega.venik
    There's a Centos6.3 system. Apache 2.2.15 + mod_fcgid + PHP 5.3.3 There's a problem with date.timezone value. It's mentioned in the global /etc/php.ini like this: date.timezone = "Europe/Moscow" And doesn't mentioned in user's local php.ini. As a result, I'm getting lot's of warnings like: Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Helsinki' for 'EEST/3.0/DST' instead in ... Including the date.timezone parameter into the user's php.ini solves the problem, but I don't think, that it's the best solution. Maybe someone have faced this problem and can give an advice? Thanks! P.S. Creating /etc/php.d/timezone.ini with the timezone info aslo does nothing:(

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  • How to control routes added by RasDial

    - by Robert Dodier
    I am using the RasDial function on a Windows box (Windows Server 2008) to dial a device from which the server then reads data. It seems that some new routes are added to the network routing table when the dial-up connection is made. That interferes with other network interfaces on the server. In particular, RasDial adds a default route which routes traffic to the device, which makes the server unreachable until the connection is dropped. Is there a way to control which routes are added by RasDial? I have been studying Microsoft's document for RasDial and associated items (RASDIALPARAMS, RASDIALEXTENSIONS) without finding anything about routing. There is an option for "Use default gateway on remote network" when configuring a VPN, but I don't see how to apply that in this case. Thanks for any light you can shed on this problem.

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  • Why using Fragments?

    - by ahmed_khan_89
    I have read the documentation and some other questions' threads about this topic and I don't really feel convinced; I don't see clearly the limits of use of this technique. Fragments are now seen as a Best Practice; every Activity should be basically a support for one or more Fragments and not call a layout directly. Fragments are created in order to: allow the Activity to use many fragments, to change between them, to reuse these units... == the Fragment is totally dependent to the Context of an activity , so if I need something generic that I can reuse and handle in many Activities, I can create my own custom layouts or Views ... I will not care about this additional Complexity Developing Layer that fragments would add. a better handling to different resolution == OK for tablets/phones in case of long process that we can show two (or more) fragments in the same Activity in Tablets, and one by one in phones. But why would I use fragments always ? handling callbacks to navigate between Fragments (i.e: if the user is Logged-in I show a fragment else I show another fragment). === Just try to see how many bugs facebook SDK Log-in have because of this, to understand that it is really (?) ... considering that an Android Application is based on Activities... Adding another life cycles in the Activity would be better to design an Application... I mean the modules, the scenarios, the data management and the connectivity would be better designed, in that way. === This is an answer of someone who's used to see the Android SDK and Android Framework with a Fragments vision. I don't think it's wrong, but I am not sure it will give good results... And it is really abstract... ==== Why would I complicate my life, coding more, in using them always? else, why is it a best practice if it's just a tool for some cases? what are these cases?

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  • non-mapped virtual memory & total number of connections

    - by tszming
    We have two MongoDB data nodes (replica set) - Primary & Secondary. I noticed that the non-mapped virtual memory is relatively high and wondering if they are hurting our MongoDB performance (The server usually peaked at around 6-7K queries per sec). In MMS, it was stated: "The most common case of usage of a high amount of memory for non-mapped is that there are very many connections to the database." So we checked the memory usage with db.serverStatus().mem in our Secondary: { "bits" : 64, "resident" : 6846, "virtual" : 416797, "supported" : true, "mapped" : 205549, "mappedWithJournal" : 411098, "note" : "virtual minus mapped is large. could indicate a memory leak" } Note: We are using 2.0.4 and now the default stack size should be 1MB per connection. The current number of connections is around 1.1K, but the non-mapped virtual memory (virtual-mappedWithJournal) is around 5699 MB. The trend is quite stable so I can't say there is a leak here, but where is the memory gone? Any idea?

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  • SFTP (or similar) server automated setup for group spaces

    - by spikeheap
    I need to build a dedicated machine which will be used to allow our clients to upload and download files in a secure manner. Each client has multiple users, and I would rather not hand out generic client users which are used by multiple people. Each client should have access to their files only, and no others. There is no use-case (yet) for multiple clients interacting with a single file or space. Is there an existing solution to automating the creation and maintenance of these accounts, preferably with a view to integration with LDAP? Currently it looks like if we want to use SFTP with chrooted spaces they will need to be set up manually (or an automation hand-rolled). If a solution exists for a different (but still secure) transfer method, such as FTPS, I'm all ears.

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  • How can I automatically switch audio to my speakers when my TV-as-2nd-monitor is not in use?

    - by Michael McGowan
    I have a normal LCD monitor as my primary monitor and an HD LCD television as a 2nd monitor (connected through HDMI). I also have a set of normal speakers for the computer (a Windows 7 machine) that I previously used (before I was using the TV as a 2nd monitor). When I am using the TV as a 2nd monitor, I would like audio to come from it. However, I'm oftentimes using the TV as a TV, in which case I would like the audio from my computer to come from my speakers. Is there any way to accomplish this? It seems that if I have the TV set up as the default audio, then even if I turn the TV off (or, more likely, to the input from my cable box), then the audio still goes through that rather than my speakers. Is there a solution that does not require me to manually change the settings every time I want to switch contexts?

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  • How can I open a file as read-only from Windows Explorer?

    - by Daniel Daranas
    Is there an easy way to open a file as read-only from Windows Explorer? My inmediate interest is in a Microsoft Access file. I am doing some sanity checks in old MS Access databases and I see that their date is automatically updated when I open them. I don't like this, since it will look like all the old files have been modified today. I am working with Windows XP. Update: As Yoda said, "Do, or do not. There is no try." In my case, it was "do not". I ended up copying the entire (big) folder tree to MyDocuments, and then opening all the databases from there.

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  • Open-sourcing a proprietary library without certain features

    - by nha
    I hope I'm in the right place to ask that. I have a question regarding the practice of open-sourcing a proprietary library that we built and use at work. The licence will probably be MIT. I like the idea, but here comes the unusual part : I have been tasked to remove some of the most advanced features. Those will remain on our servers, available as a service. We will open-source the (JavaScript in case it is of interest) library, along with a minimal associated server code. I am not asking a question about the technical problems (I imagine we will have to maintain and synchronize somehow different repositories, maybe with incompatible pull requests, but this for stack overflow). What I would like to know is: How that would be perceived by the community at large ? Does it risk killing the eventual interest in this library? I don't personally know of any library that works like that. I'm pretty sure it is possible however, but any evidence of such a library is welcome (successful if possible). That's also because I'd like to see how they present it. More importantly, what could be the rationale for/against it? I'm not sure I understand the consequences of doing it so.

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  • Where do I read more about building an architecture like Google has? [on hold]

    - by user107148
    I want to develop a program that watches and traverses a rather big network for data. This data should then be available to search through with my program, maybe through a web interface or something. My intuitive thought at the moment is to build an architecture kind of like the one Google has. One "front-end" (the Google Search page) which is essentially a regular web application and one "back-end" (which in Google's case traverses the web). Now for the hard part: If I decide to make such a system, how should communication be done between these parts? One idea I had is to use some kind of database that both the back-end and front-end can access, but then comes the issues of concurrent writes and reads. Another issue with just using a database to communicate is that it makes it hard to "notify" the other part when something changes. Let's say that I want the "front-end" part to push changes to the UI when a change is noticed in the back-end. Then the back-end would have to have some way of notifying the front-end of this.

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  • Songbird very slow, freezes

    - by Cawas
    I've read on few places that Songbird is no good with more than some thousands of library items because it starts getting quite slow. Well, in my case (which is a clean install) I've imported 17k items (which I know is not that much) and instead of becoming just too slow it frequently gets to not responding for several minutes until getting back to its senses again. That's for whichever random operation such as deleting 1 item from library. I've also read on few more places that gives very little hope on fixing this issue, but I wonder... Is there any way to tweak it and make it work as fast as expected? Am I missing something or is the software just not intended for libraries with more than 10 thousand thingies?

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  • How can I redirect HTTP(S) traffic to another gateway?

    - by PsyStyle
    I have a network like 192.168.0.0/15 with the default gateway set to 192.168.0.1. All the workstations of the network use this gateway for all kind of accesses to the Internet. Now I am testing a new Internet connection with another provider and for that I'm using a second gateway on the same subnet with 192.168.0.2 as IP address. I want to redirect only HTTP and HTTPS traffic to this second gateway keeping untouched the address of the default gateway set inside every workstation. How can I accomplish this task? What I have to change inside the first's gateway firewall configuration or routes? I tried with a DNAT like: DNAT loc:192.168.0.1 loc:192.168.0.2 tcp 80 but nothing worked. I use Shorewall for simplicity in configuration but I can understand even theorical answers which I will try to adapt to my case.

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  • Hardware advice for bitmap / openGL image processing server?

    - by pdizz
    I am trying to work out a build for a processing server to handle bitmap processing as well as openGL rendering for chroma-keying images and Photoshop automation. My searches here and on Google have turned up surprisingly few results, and seeing that there aren't tags for bitmap or image processing I take it this is a specialized application. The bitmap processing is very cpu-intensive while the chroma-keying and Photoshop stuff is gpu-intensive. I doubt this is a case of over-optimization as our company batches thousands of images a day (currently on individual workstations) and any saving in processing time and workstation down-time would be beneficial. Does anyone have any experience with this type of processing server? Any special considerations that would go into a build like this or am I over-thinking it?

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  • Apache Rewrite Rules

    - by Philip
    I have moved my website from a Wiki to Wordpress and in the process, realised that I have broken links to some popular pages on my website. Is it possible to fix this with a rewrite rule? I need the rule to redirect anything beginning with "^/wiki/(.+)$" to "/$1" but also replacing the "_" character used in MediaWiki slugs to "-" used in Wordpress slugs. For example: http://example.com/wiki/An_Example_Page should be pointed to: http://example.com/an-example-page Is it possible to write such a rewrite rule? Edit: It appears that Wordpress doesn't even care if the "/wiki/" part is removed - provided the slug matches, and that seems to be case-insensitive too. So all I need to do is change the "_" characters to "-" in the slugs.

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