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  • Elegant way to add functionallity to previously defined functions

    - by Bastiaan
    How to combine two functions together I have a class controlling some hardware: class Heater() def set_power(self,dutycycle, period) ... def turn_on(self) ... def turn_off(self) And a class that connects to a database and handles all data logging fuctionallity for an experiment: class DataLogger() def __init__(self) # Record measurements and controls in a database def start(self,t) # Starts a new thread to aqcuire and reccord measuements every t secconds Now, in my program recipe.py I want to do something like: log = DataLogger() @DataLogger_decorator H1 = Heater() log.start(60) H1.set_power(10,100) H1.turn_on() sleep(10) H1.turn_off() etc Where all actions on H1 are recorded by the datalogger. I can change any of the classes involved, just looking for an elegant way to do this. Ideally the hardware functions remain separated from the database and DataLogger functions. And ideally the DataLogger is reusable for other controls and measurements.

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  • if else-if making code look ugly any cleaner solution?

    - by Vishal
    I have around 20 functions (is_func1, is_fucn2, is_func3...) returning boolean I assume there is only one function which returns true and I want that! I am doing: if is_func1(param1, param2): # I pass 1 to following abc(1) # I pass 1 some_list.append(1) elif is_func2(param1, param2): # I pass 2 to following abc(2) # I pass 1 some_list.append(2) ... . . elif is_func20(param1, param2): ... Please note: param1 and param2 are different for each, abc and some_list take parameters depending on the function. The code looks big and there is repetition in calling abc and some_list, I can pull this login in a function! but is there any other cleaner solution? I can think of putting functions in a data structure and loop to call them.

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  • Preventing a security breach

    - by Wiz
    I am creating a website where you "post", and the form content is saved in a MySql database, and upon loading the page, is retrieved, similar to facebook. I construct all the posts and insert raw html into a template. The thing is, as I was testing, I noticed that I could write javascript or other HTML into the form and submit it, and upon reloading, the html or JS would treated as source code, not a post. I figured that some simple encoding would do the trick, but using is not working. Is there an efficient way to prevent this type of security hole?

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  • Django template Path

    - by user74283
    Hi I m following the tutorial on http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial02/#intro-tutorial02 in windows 7 envoirement. my settings file is TEMPLATE_DIRS = ( 'C:/django-project/myapp/mytemplates/admin' ) i got the base_template from the template admin/base_site.html from within the default Django admin template directory in the source code of Django itself (django/contrib/admin/templates) into an admin subdirectory of myapp directory as the tutorial instructed. It doesn't seem to take affect for some reason. Any clue of what might be the problem? Do i have to do a sync db ?

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  • How to compare two lists with duplicated items in one list?

    - by eladc
    I need to compare list_a against many others. my problem starts when there's a duplicated item in the other lists (two k's in other_b). my goal is to filter out all the lists with the same items (up to three matching items). list_a = ['j','k','a','7'] other_b = ['k', 'j', 'k', 'q'] other_c = ['k','k','9','k'] >>>filter(lambda x: not x in list_a,other_b) ['q'] I need a way that would return ['k', 'q'], because 'k' appears only once in list_a. comparing list_a and other_c with set() isn't good for my purpose since it will return only one element: k. while I need ['k','9','k'] I hope I was clear enough. Thank you

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  • How to get attributes from parent?

    - by bribon
    Hi all, Let's say we have these classes: class Foo(object): _bar = "" def __init__(self): self.bar = "hello" def getBar(self): return self._bar def setBar(self, bar): self._bar = bar def getAttributes(self): for attr in self.__dict__: print attr bar = property(getBar, setBar) class Child(Foo): def __init__(self): super(Child, self).__init__() self.a = "" self.b = "" if I do something like: child = Child() child.getAttributes() I get all the attributes from parent and child. How could I get the attributes only from the parent? Thanks in advance!

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  • How to get text in QlineEdit when QpushButton is pressed in a string?

    - by esafwan
    I have given my code below, have problem in implementing a function I want the text in lineedit with objectname 'host' in a string say 'shost'. when the user click the pushbutton with name 'connect'.How do i do it? I tried and failed. How to implement this function? import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * class Form(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(Form, self).__init__(parent) le = QLineEdit() le.setObjectName("host") le.setText("Host") pb = QPushButton() pb.setObjectName("connect") pb.setText("Connect") layout.addWidget(le) layout.addWidget(pb) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(pb, SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.button_click) self.setWindowTitle("Learning") def button_click(self): #i want the text in lineedit with objectname #'host' in a string say 'shost'. when the user click # the pushbutton with name connect.How do i do it? # I tried and failed. How to implement this function? app = QApplication(sys.argv) form = Form() form.show() app.exec_() Now how do i implement the function "def button_click(self):" ? I have just started with pyQt!

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  • Defining the hash of an object as the sum of hashes of its members

    - by Space_C0wb0y
    I have a class that represents undirected edges in a graph. Every edge has two members vertex1 and vertex2 representing the vertices it connects. The problem is, that an edge can be specified two directions. My idea was now to define the hash of an edge as the sum of the hashes of its vertices. This way, the direction plays no role anymore, the hash would be the same. Are there any pitfalls with that?

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  • What is the proper way to check the previous value of a field before saving an object? (Using Django

    - by anonymous coward
    I have a Django Model with updated_by and an approved_by fields, both are ForeignKey fields to the built-in (auth) User models. I am aware that with updated_by, it's easy enough to simply over-ride the .save() method on the Model, and shove the request.user in that field before saving. However, for approved_by, this field should only ever be filled in when a related field (date_approved) is first filled in. I'm somewhat certain that I can check this logically, and fill in the field if the previous value was empty. What is the proper way to check the previous value of a field before saving an object? I do not anticipate that date_approved will ever be changed or updated, nor should there be any reason to ever update the approved_by entry. UPDATE: Regarding forms/validation, I should have mentioned that none of the fields in question are seen by or editable by users of the site. If I have misunderstood, I'm sorry, but I'm not sure how forms and validation apply to my question.

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  • GTK+: How do I process RadioMenuItem choice without marking it chosen? And vise versa

    - by eugene.shatsky
    In my program, I've got a menu with a group of RadioMenuItem entries. Choosing one of them should trigger a function which can either succeed or fail. If it fails, this RadioMenuItem shouldn't be marked chosen (the previous one should persist). Besides, sometimes I want to set marked item without running the choice processing function. Here is my current code: # Update seat menu list def update_seat_menu(self, seats, selected_seat=None): seat_menu = self.builder.get_object('seat_menu') # Delete seat menu items for menu_item in seat_menu: # TODO: is it a good way? does remove() delete obsolete menu_item from memory? if menu_item.__class__.__name__ == 'RadioMenuItem': seat_menu.remove(menu_item) # Fill menu with new items group = [] for seat in seats: menu_item = Gtk.RadioMenuItem.new_with_label(group, str(seat[0])) group = menu_item.get_group() seat_menu.append(menu_item) if str(seat[0]) == selected_seat: menu_item.activate() menu_item.connect("activate", self.choose_seat, str(seat[0])) menu_item.show() # Process item choice def choose_seat(self, entry, seat_name): # Looks like this is called when item is deselected, too; must check if active if entry.get_active(): # This can either succeed or fail self.logind.AttachDevice(seat_name, '/sys'+self.device_syspath, True) Chosen RadioMenuItem gets marked irrespective of the choose_seat() execution result; and the only way to set marked item without triggering choose_seat() is to re-run update_seat_menu() with selected_seat argument, which is an overkill. I tried to connect choose_seat() with 'button-release-event' instead of 'activate' and call entry.activate() in choose_seat() if AttachDevice() succeeds, but this resulted in whole X desktop lockup until AttachDevice() timed out, and chosen item still got marked.

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  • Common elements comparison between 2 lists.

    - by Daniel
    def common_elements(list1, list2): """ Return a list containing the elements which are in both list1 and list2 >>> common_elements([1,2,3,4,5,6], [3,5,7,9]) [3, 5] >>> common_elements(['this','this','n','that'],['this','not','that','that']) ['this', 'that'] """ for element in list1: if element in list2: return list(element) Got that so far, but can't seem to get it to work! Thanks

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  • How to detect a sign change for elements in a numpy array

    - by cb160
    I have a numpy array with positive and negative values in. a = array([1,1,-1,-2,-3,4,5]) I want to create another array which contains a value at each index where a sign change occurs (For example, if the current element is positive and the previous element is negative and vice versa). For the array above, I would expect to get the following result array([0,0,1,0,0,1,0]) Alternatively, a list of the positions in the array where the sign changes occur or list of booleans instead of 0's and 1's is fine.

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  • Changing direction of rotation Pygame

    - by czl
    How would you change the direction of a rotating image/rect in Pygame? Applying positive and negative degree values works but it seems to only be able to rotate one direction throughout my window. Is there a way to ensure a change in direction of rotation? Perhaps change up rotation of a spinning image every 5 seconds, or if able to change the direction of the spin when hitting a X or Y axis. I've added some code below. It seems like switching movement directions is easy with rect.move_ip as long as I specify a speed and have location clause, it does what I want. Unfortunately rotation is't like that. Here I'l adding angles to make sure it spins, but no matter what I try, I'm unable to negate the rotation. def rotate_image(self): #rotate image orig_rect = self.image.get_rect() rot_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.angle) rot_rect = orig_rect.copy() rot_rect.center = rot_image.get_rect().center rot_image = rot_image.subsurface(rot_rect).copy() return rot_image def render(self): self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) self.rect.move_ip(0,5) #Y axis movement at 5 px per frame self.angle += 5 #add 5 anglewhen the rect has not hit one of the window self.angle %= 360 if self.rect.left < 0 or self.rect.right > self.width: self.speed[0] = -self.speed[0] self.angle = -self.angle #tried to invert the angle self.angle -= 5 #trying to negate the angle rotation self.angle %= 360 self.screen.blit(self.rotate_image(),self.rect) pygame.display.flip() I would really like to know how to invert rotation of a image. You may provide your own examples.

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  • Class views in Django

    - by Sebastjan Trepca
    Django view points to a function, which can be a problem if you want to change only a bit of functionality. Yes, I could have million keyword arguments and even more if statements in the function, but I was thinking more of an object oriented approach. For example, I have a page that displays a user. This page is very similar to page that displays a group, but it's still not so similar to just use another data model. Group also has members etc... One way would be to point views to class methods and then extend that class. Has anyone tried this approach or has any other idea?

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  • Debugging (displaying) SQL command sent to the db by SQLAlchemy

    - by morpheous
    I have an ORM class called Person, which wraps around a person table: After setting up the connection to the db etc, I run the ff statement. people = session.query(Person).all() The person table does not contain any data (as yet), so when I print the variable people, I get an empty list. I renamed the table referred to in my ORM class People, to people_foo (which does not exist). I then run the script again. I was surprised that no exception was thrown when attempting to access a table that does not exist. I therefore have the following 2 questions: How may I setup SQLAlchemy so that it propagates db errors back to the script? How may I view (i.e. print) the SQL that is being sent to the db engine If it helps, I am using PostgreSQL as the db

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  • Iterating over a database column in Django

    - by curious
    I would like to iterate a calculation over a column of values in a MySQL database. I wondered if Django had any built-in functionality for doing this. Previously, I have just used the following to store each column as a list of tuples with the name table_column: import MySQLdb import sys try: conn = MySQLdb.connect (host = "localhost", user = "user", passwd="passwd", db="db") except MySQLdb.Error, e: print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]) sys.exit (1) cursor = conn.cursor() for table in ['foo', 'bar']: for column in ['foobar1', 'foobar2']: cursor.execute('select %s from %s' % (column, table)) exec "%s_%s = cursor.fetchall()" % (table, column) cursor.close() conn.commit() conn.close() Is there any functionality built into Django to more conveniently iterate through the values of a column in a database table? I'm dealing with millions of rows so speed of execution is important.

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  • Pagination of Date-Based Generic Views in Django

    - by Apreche
    I have a pretty simple question. I want to make some date-based generic views on a Django site, but I also want to paginate them. According to the documentation the object_list view has page and paginate_by arguments, but the archive_month view does not. What's the "right" way to do it?

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  • Is there an efficient way to figure out the headers, cookies, and get/post data being passed to a si

    - by kryptobs2000
    More specifically I'm looking for something, perhaps an add-on for firefox, once enabled it logs all of this information as it's passed to and from the server. I'm doing some web scripting and this would be really handy. If anyone is wondering specifically what I'm doing currently I'm trying to make a script to repost my craigslist ad every 2 days since I handle a few things on there. Might even go so far as to make a simple gui to manage the submissions. I do suspect this goes against the ToS, for that reason I don't plan to release the code. Besides cl is already bad enough with spam, I'm not trying to contribute further to it, figured I'd say what I'm doing for the sake of being honest though. I don't have any bad intentions with this, just some things I've been trying to sell an ad for my pc repair business. I've been reposting some things for months now and so often I just forget to do it.

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  • how am I supposed to call the function?

    - by user1816768
    I wrote a program which tells you knight's movement (chess). For example if I wanted to know all possible moves, I'd input: possibilites("F4") and I'd get ['D3', 'D5', 'E2', 'E6', 'G2', 'G6', 'H3', 'H5'] as a result, ok I did that, next, I had to write a function in which you input two fields and if those fields are legal, you'd get True and if they're not you'd get False(I had to use the previous function). For example: legal("F4","D3") >>>True code: def legal(field1,field2): c=possibilities(field1) if field1 and field2 in a: return True return False I'm having a problem with the following function which I have to write: I have to put in path of the knight and my function has to tell me if it's legal path, I'm obliged to use the previous function. for example: >>> legal_way(["F3", "E1", "G2", "H4", "F5"]) True >>> legal_way(["F3", "E1", "G3", "H5"]) False >>> legal_way(["B4"]) True I know I have to loop through the list and put first and second item on it in legal(field1,field2) and if it's false, everything is false, but if it's true I have to continue to the end, and this has to work also if I have only one field. I'm stuck, what to do? def legal_way(way): a=len(way) for i in range(0,a-2): if a==1: return true else if legal(way[i],way[i+1]: return True return False and I get True or index out of range

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  • poplib and email module will not reloop through a message if it has alread read it

    - by user1440925
    I'm currently trying to write a script that gets messages from my gmail account but I'm noticing a problem. If poplib loops through a message in my inbox it will never loop through it again. Here is my code import poplib, string, email user = "[email protected]" password = "p0ckystyx" message = "" mail = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com') mail.user(user) mail.pass_(password) iMessageCount = len(mail.list()[1]) message = "" msg = mail.retr(iMessageCount) str = string.join(msg[1], "\n") frmMail = email.message_from_string(str) for part in frmMail.walk(): if part.get_content_type() == "text/plain": print part.get_payload() mail.quit() Every time I run this script it goes to the next newest email and just skips over the email that was shown last time it was run.

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  • How can I create a rules engine without using eval() or exec()?

    - by Angela
    I have a simple rules/conditions table in my database which is used to generate alerts for one of our systems. I want to create a rules engine or a domain specific language. A simple rule stored in this table would be..(omitting the relationships here) if temp > 40 send email Please note there would be many more such rules. A script runs once daily to evaluate these rules and perform the necessary actions. At the beginning, there was only one rule, so we had the script in place to only support that rule. However we now need to make it more scalable to support different conditions/rules. I have looked into rules engines , but I hope to achieve this in some simple pythonic way. At the moment, I have only come up with eval/exec and I know that is not the most recommended approach. So, what would be the best way to accomplish this?? ( The rules are stored as data in database so each object like "temperature", condition like "/=..etc" , value like "40,50..etc" and action like "email, sms, etc.." are stored in the database, i retrieve this to form the condition...if temp 50 send email, that was my idea to then use exec or eval on them to make it live code..but not sure if this is the right approach )

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  • AppEngine: Can I write a Dynamic property (db.Expando) with a name chosen at runtime?

    - by MarcoB
    If I have an entity derived from db.Expando I can write Dynamic property by just assigning a value to a new property, e.g. "y" in this example: class MyEntity(db.Expando): x = db.IntegerProperty() my_entity = MyEntity(x=1) my_entity.y = 2 But suppose I have the name of the dynamic property in a variable... how can I (1) read and write to it, and (2) check if the Dynamic variable exists in the entity's instance? e.g. class MyEntity(db.Expando): x = db.IntegerProperty() my_entity = MyEntity(x=1) # choose a var name: var_name = "z" # assign a value to the Dynamic variable whose name is in var_name: my_entity.property_by_name[var_name] = 2 # also, check if such a property esists if my_entity.property_exists(var_name): # read the value of the Dynamic property whose name is in var_name print my_entity.property_by_name[var_name] Thanks...

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