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• Securely automount encrypted drive at user login

  - by Tom Brossman

  An encrypted /home directory gets mounted automatically for me when I log in. I have a second internal hard drive that I've formatted and encrypted with Disk Utility. I want it to be automatically mounted when I login, just like my encrypted /home directory is. How do I do this? There are several very similar questions here, but the answers don't apply to my situation. It might be best to close/merge my question here and edit the second one below, but I think it may have been abandoned (and therefore never to be marked as accepted). This solution isn't a secure method, it circumvents the encryption. This one requires editing fstab, which necessitates entering an additional password at boot. It's not automatic like mounting /home. This question is very similar, but does not apply to an encrypted drive. The solution won't work for my needs. Here is one but it's for NTFS drives, mine is ext4. I can re-format and re-encrypt the second drive if a solution requires this. I've got all the data backed up elsewhere.

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• Creating floppy drive special devices under Quantal

  - by JCCyC

  First, I'd like for the various special devices for different floppy capacities (like /dev/fd0u720 etc.) to be available. I tried to adapt some udev rules I found online. I tried this, which I saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="create_floppy_devices -c -t $attr{cmos} -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k" But to no avail. It seems the create_floppy_devices script isn't provided with 12.10. How do I obtain it? Second: I'm using MATE, and whenever I log in I get a message box saying it tried to mount the drive but failed. How do I disable this? Third (which is probably related to the second): Whenever there's a disk in the drive, the motor won't stop spinning. If I do a mdir of it, after it returns, the motor stops, and then starts again. I suspect there's some process in MATE doing this. UPDATE: For CentOS 6 (who does have a create_floppy_devices program) the following rules file worked. Saved as /etc/udev/rules.d/98-floppy.rules: # change floppy device ownership and permissions # default permissions are 640, which prevents group users from having write access # first fix primary devices (/dev/fd0, /dev/fd1, etc.) # also change group ownership from disk to floppy KERNEL=="fd[0-9]*", GROUP="floppy", MODE="0660" # next recreate secondary devices (/dev/fd0u720, /dev/fd0u1440, etc.) # drive A: is type 4 (1.44MB) - add other lines for other drives KERNEL=="fd0*", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/lib/udev/create_floppy_devices -c -t 4 -m %M -M 0660 -G floppy $root/%k"

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• Still can't mount windows 8 drive after restart

  - by Ishai Bloch

  After following the instructions in other posts, I am still getting the same error when I try to mount my Windows 8 drive in Ubuntu 14.04 on a dual boot system. I have disabled fast start after shutdown, hybrid hibernation, and the preinstalled Asus Instant On service. I have tried restarting Windows rather than shutting down. In all cases I get the same error message, namely: Error mounting /dev/sda4 at /media/jesse/OS: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda4" "/media/jesse/OS"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: Windows is hibernated, refused to mount. Failed to mount '/dev/sda4': Operation not permitted The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state. Please resume and shutdown Windows fully (no hibernation or fast restarting), or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option. I did not have the same issue before upgrading from Ubuntu 12 to 14. For what it's worth my computer is supposedly a "hybrid" with an SSD drive installed, although I can't see that the SSD drive is being used at all with my present settings. Any thoughts?

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• Automatic syncing USB HD drive to local HD (different computers)

  - by luri

  I have a desktop PC at work, and a laptop at home.... or elsewhere. What I want to do is use a USB HD to store my documents (about 130 Gb, maybe more). That would serve as backup and also port my files to my laptop. I'd like any of both computers to automatically sync all files there with local copies, so that I can work at either of them and keep updated copies of everything in both (plus the USB drive, which would allow me to work in other computers, too, apart from being another backup). Dropbox ins't a solution for me, due to pricing and 100Gb limit. The workflow would be as follows, to clear things up: I work on PC1. Changes in files are automatically synced to USB whenever a file is modified. I go home and boot PC2. I plug the usb drive and local files are synced (if changed) with the most recent usb copies. While I work at PC2, again, changes in files spread to my USB drive. Whenever I go to PC1 again, I plug my usb and again everything synces. So the questions would be: a) Am I crazy? b) Can it be done? c) Will I have any file conflicts (provided I'm the only one that will modify the files)?

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• Drive reporting incorrect free space

  - by Oli

  So I swapped my shiny SATA SSD for an even shinier PCI-E SSD. I run my core OS on the SSD because it's silly-fast. I did this on my old SSD so I created a new EXT4 partition and then just dded the data across (sorry I don't know the exact command I ran anymore) and after reinstalling grub, I booted onto the PCI-E SSD. At first glance everything had worked perfectly and things were running faster than ever. But then I noticed the free disk space on the new, larger drive: it was almost exactly the same as it was on the other disk... A disk that was half its size. So it looks as if I've copied the files across incorrectly and it's copied some of the filesystem metadata along with it. Tools like du and Disk Usage Analyzer come back with the correct figures. Things that look at the partition (and not the files) seem to think the drive is 120GB I've been using this drive for a week now so it's way out of sync with the old SSD so dumping the data and starting again isn't a job that fills me with joy but two questions: Is there a way to fix my filesystem so it knows what it's really on about? fsck e2fsck and badblocks all seem to be able to scan it without finding a problem with it. If I do plug my old SSD back in, copy the data off my PCI-E on to it and then copy it back onto a fresh filesystem (eg juggle the data around), what's the best way of doing that? I obviously want to keep all the permissions and softlinks where they are.

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• My new hard drive won't automount on boot

  - by user518

  I installed a new hard drive right before installing the new Ubuntu 11.10 by reformatting, not upgrading. I was able to mount my drive, and partition it. It's a 1TB, and I was able to transfer all of my music, and videos to it. For some reason, it won't mount on boot, and I can't figure out how to manually mount it afterwards either. Here's my current /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=e0fbdf09-f9a0-4336-bac3-ba4dc6cfbcc0 / ext4 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=adf15180-c84c-4309-bc9f-085fd7464f89 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sdc1 /media/sdc1 ext4 defaults 0 0 The last line is what I added for my hard drive. Here's the output from sudo lshw -C disk: % sudo lshw -C disk ~ *-disk:0 description: ATA Disk product: ST3250310AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 3.AD serial: 6RYBF2QE size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=000da204 *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD+-RW DH-16A6S vendor: PLDS physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: YD11 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

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• external drive enclosure -> software RAID 5?

  - by memilanuk

  Hello all, I have two older PCs on my LAN posing as 'servers'... one running FreeNAS off a USB stick using three 500GB hdds in a ZFS RAID-Z pool serving as storage for the LAN and one running Debian Lenny with an 80GB drive used as a general purpose 'tinker' box that I can ssh into, etc. Problem is that the SMART report for one of those 500GB drives in the FreeNAS box is showing some pre-failure attributes, and the whole array is a little small anyways. Rather than simply replace one 500GB drive with another 500GB drive, and have no backup of the file server, I'd like to upgrade all the drives to 2TB ones - but I have no where to store that much data in the mean while. As such, I started looking at getting a 4-bay external drive enclosure with an eSATA card for the Debian box, with the hopes of creating a RAID5 + LVM setup using those drives and backing the data up to that external drive enclosure. After the backup is done, replace the drives in the FreeNAS box and rebuild the array there and mirror the data back. Then, I'd have both the primary storage (on the FreeNAS box) and a backup (which I don't have currently) using the external drive enclosure on the Debian box. My big question is... most of these external drive boxes seem to claim support for JBOD, RAID 0, 1, 10, 5, etc. - should I presume that is simply fake RAID like many commodity mobos have, and not really usable in Linux? In that case, with all the drives hanging off the one eSATA connection, will Linux (specifically Debian Squeeze, as I plan on upgrading that box here shortly) see all four drives, or just the first one? Will I be able to configure them in a RAID5 array as desired? Thanks, Monte

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• Windows 7 64-bit installation from alternative media (no DVD/USB Flash drive)

  - by Niels Willems

  Greetings I currently have Windows 7 x86 installed on my computer. I want to install Windows 7 x64 on a different partition on my computer. However there is a little issue, I cannot run the x64 install from Windows 7 x86 which I currently have. I was planning to Install Windows 7 x64 on another partition to then boot up from that partition to install it on the partition I actually want my OS on. Once that is complete I could just format the partition from the Windows 7 x64 that I didn't need anymore. But the installer will not run from the x86 version of Windows 7 even though I do not want to upgrade that Windows directly. The reason I'm doing this in such a weird way is that my optical drive is broken and I'm really not into buying a new one since I would use it like once every year or so. I also don't have a USB Flash Drive which is big enough to hold the installation files. As far as I'm aware I cannot use an external hard drive such as this one, which I do have. Are there any alternatives in which I can install Windows 7 x64 or am I forced into buying a USB Flash Drive or new optical drive? Thank you in advance for your replies. Edit: This picture shows my current partitions on my laptop. I want to get Windows 7 x64 on the C partition but have to install it first on the F partition to then boot up the F partition windows to format C and install x64 on that one. My external drive is J. Edit 2: No alternative computer which has a DVD drive, install files are located on an iso from MA3D. To install my 32 bit version I mounted the ISO in Daemon Tools to replace my Windows Vista but since I cannot run 64 bit into my 32 bit OS this doesn't work.

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• Can't mount cds after failed Brasero burn

  - by Allan

  Brasero failed to burn a disk recently, and now I can't access CD-ROMS. Even CD-Rs are not not showing. Using Ubuntu 11.10 on a Dell D510 Lattitude laptop. allan@allan-Latitude-D510:~$ cdrecord -checkdrive Device was not specified. Trying to find an appropriate drive... Detected CD-R drive: /dev/cdrw Using /dev/cdrom of unknown capabilities Device type : Removable CD-ROM Version : 5 Response Format: 2 Capabilities : Vendor_info : 'TSSTcorp' Identification : 'DVD+-RW TS-L532B' Revision : 'DE04' Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW. Using generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr). Driver flags : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R96R My CD drive is now useless, and any help on getting it to read/burn would be appreciated.

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• Drivers and firmware for the LiteOn ihap-122-9 DVD drive

  - by Sandy

  I'm trying to replace the DVD drive in my old PC. LiteOn.com is a mess and I can't find a single working driver or firmware update there, or anywhere. Windows XP tries to use a default, generic driver dated 2001. (About 9 years before this drive even existed.) http://www.firmwarehq.com/download_1..._6L0H.EXE.html This correctly finds my LiteOn ihap-122-9 DVD Drive. It correctly finds that I'm currently using firmware 6L0F. It correctly tries to install 6L0H. It completes 100% but then just fails and says "contact your vendor". Does anyone know why? Where can I actually get drivers... and firmware updates... that actually work for the ihap-122-9? Apparently, the newest driver IS the 1 made 9 years before the drive existed. (Unbelievable.) And the latest firmware is the 1 that is already in the drive. (Common.) No other drive I've had in this computer ever had a problem. This brand new LiteOn is doing this: Opening MY COMPUTER now takes 60 seconds. MY COMPUTER marking the drive as "DVD F:" takes another 30 seconds. MY COMPUTER showing "Batman II" title takes another 15 seconds. Clicking and running the movie will take another 30 seconds for the main-menu to appear. The movie starts about 20 seconds later. The movie runs fine for 1-2 seconds... then stops for 5 seconds.... then starts again and plays for 1-2 seconds. Repeats for 2 hours. (It happens with all store-bought DVDs and all home-made DVDs.)

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• Free software for backing up an attached network drive

  - by Richard

  My wireless router comes with a USB connector which allows me to plug an external hard drive in and it'll act as a Network Attached Storage. The problem is that I want to backup this hard-drive to the external drive of another computer so that if the NAS drive fails, I don't lose everything. However, Windows 7 Backup refuses to include the NAS as a location to backup. I can't fool it by mapping it to a drive letter either. Google presents lots of pages on how to backup files to a NAS, but not the other way around. Can anyone advise me on free software which can do incremental backups of a NAS drive to an external drive attached the computer it is running on? I'm aware of this question but the top answers have one or more of the following issues: They aren't free. The free version cannot backup a NAS. They cannot do incremental backups. They're just a script and therefore have limited other functionality (eg. disk space management, scheduling, compression, etc.etc.)

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• External SATA drive does not work without the optional USB cable *also* connected

  - by Software Monkey

  I have Vantec NST-260SU external eSATA/USB drive enclosure (which came with an optional separate power supply) connected to a relatively new Windows 7 computer. The drive should work as a SATA drive with either the separate power supply or using a USB cable solely for power. I would prefer to use the external power supply because I have used all my rear USB ports. Now, if I connect both the eSATA and USB cable, then: The drive shows in the BIOS list of AHCI drives (and not in the list of attached USB devices). Everything I can see about it in Computer Management seems to show it as a SATA driver (for example, it shows as "Location 0 (Channel 5, Target 0, Lun 0)" like my other SATA drives (and not "on USB Mass Storage Device" like my USB flash-drives). It seems very fast, very much faster than my USB flash drives. However, if I disconnect the USB cable and attach the power adapter instead, the drive does not show in the BIOS list and cannot be seen by Windows. The power LED on the enclosure is lit, and the drive enclosure becomes warm after running for a bit, so I am sure it is receiving power. Does anyone know if this device requires both the USB and eSATA cable, and if so, why? Or is there possibly something I need to do to reset the enclosure to not need the USB - the install instructions are pretty clear that you must connect the SATA cable before connecting the USB cable in order for the drive to function as SATA, which I am sure I did. PS: I have reviewed the small manual which came with it, which has not been of help.

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• Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

  - by Kento Locatelli

  I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• USB drive was bootable, but no longer boots

  - by i-g

  I'm trying to install a new OS onto a computer from a bootable USB stick. I previously installed Ubuntu Linux and it was a piece of cake -- I downloaded the ISO image, used UNetbootin to copy it to the USB drive and make it bootable, and that was that. Now, however, no matter what I try, I can't make the same USB drive bootable again! I've tried formatting it as FAT32 and NTFS. I've tried several different Linux distributions and Windows 7. I've tried using UNetbootin, Windows 7 USB Download Tool, WinToFlash, and manually making it bootable with diskpart/bootsect/bootrec. (Yes, I've tried bootsect /nt60 x: /force.) None of this seems to be working! When I try to boot from the drive, the machine reads from it (I can see the drive's LED blinking) and then gives me the same "Insert system disk and press Enter" message. (I've disabled booting from the hard drive.) Am I missing something I need to do to make the USB drive bootable again? I think it lost some pixie dust when I formatted it with the standard Windows formatting tool (it was quicker than deleting files), but I have no idea what it was or how to get it back. The USB drive in question is a SanDisk Cruzer 8GB SDCZ6. The computer I'm working on is running Windows Vista SP1.

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• USB drive was bootable, but no longer isn't

  - by i-g

  I'm trying to install a new OS onto a computer from a bootable USB stick. I previously installed Ubuntu Linux and it was a piece of cake -- I downloaded the ISO image, used UNetbootin to copy it to the USB drive and make it bootable, and that was that. Now, however, no matter what I try, I can't make the same USB drive bootable again! I've tried formatting it as FAT32 and NTFS. I've tried several different Linux distributions and Windows 7. I've tried using UNetbootin, Windows 7 USB Download Tool, WinToFlash, and manually making it bootable with diskpart/bootsect/bootrec. (Yes, I've tried bootsect /nt60 x: /force.) None of this seems to be working! When I try to boot from the drive, the machine reads from it (I can see the drive's LED blinking) and then gives me the same "Insert system disk and press Enter" message. (I've disabled booting from the hard drive.) Am I missing something I need to do to make the USB drive bootable again? The USB drive in question is a SanDisk Cruzer 8GB SDCZ6. The computer I'm working on is running Windows Vista SP1.

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• Why doesn't the installer see all of my hard drives?

  - by atodd

  I'm trying to setup a dual boot system with Windows Vista 64 (already installed) and Ubuntu 10.10. I added a new drive which is identical to the one Vista is installed on. When I boot into the LiveCD I can see and mount the second drive and edit it in Gparted. However, when I use the installer it will only bring up the drive that already has Vista installed. I've tried everything I know. I'm not sure if its a BIOS setting or something else I've missed. I've also tried both the desktop and alternate amd64 installs with the same result.

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• INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE after installing Linux on same drive

  - by kdgregory

  History: My PC was configured with two drives: an 80G on IDE 0 Primary that was running Win2K, and a 320G on IDE 0 Secondary that was running Linux (Ubuntu). I decided to pull the 80Gb drive out of the system, so dd'd the entire 80 G drive (/dev/sda) onto the 320 (/dev/sdb) -- this included the MBR and partition table. Then I pulled the drive, plugged the 320 into IDE 0 Primary, and rebooted. The Windows partition worked at this point. Then I installed Ubuntu into the remaining space on the 320. It works. However, when I try to boot into Windows, I get a BSOD with the following message: *** STOP: 0x0000007B (0x89055030,0xC000014F,0x00000000,0x00000000) INACCESSILE_BOOT_DEVICE Before the BSOD I see the Win2K splash screen, and it claims to be "starting windows" for a couple of seconds -- so it appears that the first stage boot loader is working as expected. Ditto when I try booting in Safe Mode. After reading the Microsoft KB article, I booted into the recovery console and tried running chkdsk /r. It refused to run, claiming that the drive was corrupted (sorry, didn't write down the exact error message). However, I can mount the drive from Linux, and access all files. And for what it's worth, I can scan the drive using the Linux "Disk Utility" (this is Ubuntu, the menus don't show real program names), it claims the drive to be clean. The KB article mentioned that boot.ini could be the problem, so here it is: timeout=10 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect Any pointers on what to do next?

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• How do I restore GRUB 2?

  - by uahug

  I upgraded my laptop with an SSD, moving my old HDD to where the DVD-drive was, so that I could have speed and storage. Now, I have reinstalled Ubuntu on the SSD, deleting all the partitions on the old HDD to make space for a data partition. But now the laptop doesn't even get to GRUB 2 if the HDD is plugged in! If I take it out, everything works, but as soon as I plug it in and retry to boot, I won't find GRUB. At first, I thought it was because of the boot order, but the order was OK: first the notebook hard drive (SSD) and then the CD/DVD drive (which in reality is the HDD). How can I fix it? Doing a simple grub-install /dev/sda doesn't work.. The SSD is sda, and the HDD is sdb.

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• Fixing Windows install by connecting it's hard drive via USB to a different laptop

  - by Jason

  I tried to upgrade a laptop to SP3, which broke it. I later found out SP3 doesn't work on that 2002 laptop. I can't uninstall SP3, or fix SP2, because the hard drive is now not detected during setup (I've read that's the problem you get). I put the hard drive in a USB drive case and plugged it into my other laptop, and I can read (& write to) the disk okay. (The hard drive won't fit in my other laptop, so I'm using USB.) I need to get that disk back to SP2, or fix whatever files got screwed up causing the disk to not be recognized. I don't want to do a re-install as there are 80GB of files on it I need, and they won't fit on the HD of my other laptop, and also because I no longer have some of the install CDs for software on it. What do I need to do to fix that drive from my other laptop? (I don't want my working laptop (XP SP3) to get screwed with by putting an SP2 disk in the CD drive, or the non-o/s data on the other hard drive screwed with.)

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• Fixing Windows install by connecting its hard drive via USB to a different laptop

  - by Jason

  I tried to upgrade a laptop to SP3, which broke it. I later found out SP3 doesn't work on that 2002 laptop. I can't uninstall SP3, or fix SP2, because the hard drive is now not detected during setup (I've read that's the problem you get). I put the hard drive in a USB drive case and plugged it into my other laptop, and I can read (& write to) the disk okay. (The hard drive won't fit in my other laptop, so I'm using USB.) I need to get that disk back to SP2, or fix whatever files got screwed up causing the disk to not be recognized. I don't want to do a re-install as there are 80GB of files on it I need, and they won't fit on the HD of my other laptop, and also because I no longer have some of the install CDs for software on it. What do I need to do to fix that drive from my other laptop? (I don't want my working laptop (XP SP3) to get screwed with by putting an SP2 disk in the CD drive, or the non-o/s data on the other hard drive screwed with.)

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• Why doesn't the Ubuntu Installer see all of my hard drives

  - by atodd

  I'm trying to setup a dual boot system with Windows Vista 64 (already installed) and Ubuntu 10.10. I added a new drive which is identical to the one Vista is installed on. When I boot into the LiveCD I can see and mount the second drive and edit it in Gparted. However, when I use the installer it will only bring up the drive that already has Vista installed. I've tried everything I know. I'm not sure if its a BIOS setting or something else I've missed. I've also tried both the desktop and alternate amd64 installs with the same result.

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• Is there a performance difference between Windows 7 on SSD installed from scratch versus it using a recent ghost/clone drive image from a harddisk?

  - by therobyouknow

  I'm planning to upgrade a notebook PC to a Solid-State Flash Drive (SSD) soon. I want to use the notebook before that and am considering installing Windows 7 on the hard disk (spinning variety, 5400rpm) before I get the SSD. To save time I am wondering if I can ghost/clone the installation of Windows 7 from the hard drive and put on the SSD. Would the performance of this clone from the harddisk onto the SSD be different from starting again and reinstalling Windows 7 from scratch on the SSD? (Windows 7 32bit professional)

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• What are "Excess Fragments" in defragmenting a hard drive?

  - by Andrew Swift

  I'm defragmenting my hard drive (XP SP3) with PerfectDisk 7.0, and it finds 816,659 excess fragments when I ask for an analysis. [update] Specifically, it shows that the 1TB disk is 14% fragmented with 19693 fragments and 816,659 excess fragments. About 20% of the disk is still free space. What does excess fragments refer to? What is the difference between fragments and excess fragments? I have had problems in the past where I defragmented a fragmented disk and many files were corrupted. It seemed as though "excess fragments" referred to orphan pieces, where the program couldn't find out where to put them. If that was true, then defragmenting a disk resulted in many incomplete files, and in fact I defragmented a disk full of MP3's and got a lot of corrupted files as a result. Instead, I started to simply format a separate disk and copy everything from one to the other. That way there were no orphan bits, and no file corruption. Does anybody know what "excess fragments" really are?

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• If I partition a drive connected via eSata will it show different partitions when connected via USB?

  - by jeffreypriebe

  I have an odd problem with an external drive. I'm formatting it connected to my laptop prior to connecting it to my router. The HDD enclosure has both an eSata and USB connections. Generally, I connect it via eSata to my laptop. I created my partitions and connected it to the router, but I see partition information that is different than what I created. After chasing leads concerning large HDD size, I mindlessly connected the HDD to my laptop with USB. Lo! I see the same partitions as the router. Attached are screenshots using the same program and the HDD in question. The only difference is the connection. For the first, I connected via eSata and hit "refresh" on the partition program. Then, turned off the HDD, disconnected the eSata cable, and connected via USB. Power and refresh. eSata: reports a total HDD size of 2328 GB, with four partitions (the third being 1.96TB) USB: reports a total HDD size of 280 GB, with three partitions (the third being 279 GB) Any idea why this is happening? It looks like it clearly is an issue of the 4K sector size and not playing nice with the USB enclosure. I tried it eSata and USB in Windows and Linux and it appears consistently that eSata is reporting correctly, USB incorrectly.

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• Are there any disadvantages of having a "free fall sensor" on a hard disk drive?

  - by therobyouknow

  This is a general question that came out of a specific comparison between the Western Digital Scorpio WD3200BEKT and Western Digital Scorpio WD3200BJKT (which is the same as the former but with a free fall sensor.) Note: I'm not asking for a review or appraisal of these specific drives, as the general question does apply on other brands as well. Though your input would help my decision. To break down the general question in order to answer it, I would be looking for comments on things like: if it's necessary to have differing physical dimensions between free fall sensor drives and those without, e.g. does it make it any thicker, and therefore reduce the systems where it can be installed - particularly smaller laptops? does it actually make the system less reliable - because of false alarms whereby the drive thought the laptop was falling but it wasn't? I suppose that the fact that a manufacturer produces both drives with and without free fall sensors says something about possible disadvantages. Or it could be standard marketing techniques where by making drives with and without results in larger sales volume than just those with the feature alone.

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