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  • urgent..haskell mini interpreter

    - by mohamed elshikh
    i'm asked to implement this project and i have problems in part b which is the eval function this is the full describtion of the project You are required to implement an interpreter for mini-Haskell language. An interpreter is dened in Wikipedia as a computer program that executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming language. The interpreter should be able to evaluate functions written in a special notation, which you will dene. A function is dened by: Function name Input Parameters : dened as a list of variables. The body of the function. The body of the function can be any of the following statements: a) Variable: The function may return any of the input variables. b) Arithmetic Expressions: The arithmetic expressions include input variables and addition, sub- traction, multiplication, division and modulus operations on arithmetic expressions. c) Boolean Expressions: The Boolean expressions include the ordering of arithmetic expressions (applying the relationships: <, =<, , = or =) and the anding, oring and negation of Boolean expressions. d) If-then-else statements: where the if keyword is followed by a Boolean expression. The then and else parts may be followed by any of the statements described here. e) Guarded expressions: where each case consists of a boolean expression and any of the statements described here. The expression consists of any number of cases. The rst case whose condition is true, its body should be evaluated. The guarded expression has to terminate with an otherwise case. f) Function calls: the body of the function may have a call to another function. Note that all inputs passed to the function will be of type Int. The output of the function can be of type Int or Bool. To implement the interpreter, you are required to implement the following: a) Dene a datatype for the following expressions: Variables Arithmetic expressions Boolean expressions If-then-else statements Guarded expressions Functions b) Implement the function eval which evaluates a function. It takes 3 inputs: The name of a function to be evaluated represented as a string. A list of inputs to that function. The arguments will always be of datatype Int. A list of functions. Each function is represented as instance of the datatype that you have created for functions. c) Implement the function get_type that returns the type of the function (as a string). The input to this function is the same as in part b. here is what i've done data Variable = v(char) data Arth= va Variable | Add Arth Arth | Sub Arth Arth | Times Arth Arth | Divide Arth Arth data Bol= Great Arth Arth | Small Arth Arth | Geq Arth Arth | Seq Arth Arth | And Bol Bol | Or Bol Bol | Neg Bol data Cond = data Guard = data Fun =cons String [Variable] Body data Body= bodycons(String) |Bol |Cond |Guard |Arth

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  • When does a const return type interfere with template instantiation?

    - by Rimo
    From Herb Sutter's GotW #6 Return-by-value should normally be const for non-builtin return types. ... Note: Lakos (pg. 618) argues against returning const value, and notes that it is redundant for builtins anyway (for example, returning "const int"), which he notes may interfere with template instantiation. While Sutter seems to disagree on whether to return a const value or non-const value when returning an object of a non-built type by value with Lakos, he generally agrees that returning a const value of a built-in type (e.g const int) is not a good idea. While I understand why that is useless because the return value cannot be modified as it is an rvalue, I cannot find an example of how that might interfere with template instantiation. Please give me an example of how having a const qualifier for a return type might interfere with template instantiation.

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  • Get last element of pipeline in powershell

    - by dozacinc
    Hi, This might be weird, but stay with me. I want to get only the last element of a piped result to be assigned to a varaiable. I know how I would do this in "regular" code of course, but since this must be a one-liner. More specifically, I'm interested in getting the file extension when getting the result from an FTP request ListDirectoryDetails. Since this is done within a string expansion, I can't figure out the proper code. Currently I'm getting the last 3 hars, but that is real nasty. New-Object PSObject -Property @{ LastWriteTime = [DateTime]::ParseExact($tempDate, "MMM dd HH:mm",[System.Globalization.CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture) Type = $(if([int]$tempSize -eq 0) { "Directory" } else { $tempName.SubString($tempName.length-3,3) }) Name = $tempName Size = [int]$tempSize } My idea was doing something similar to $tempName.Split(".") | ? {$_ -eq $input[$input.Length-1]} that is, iterate over all, but only take out where the element I'm looking at is the last one of the input-array. What am I missing ? Fire at will /M

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  • Sorting array of structs

    - by mrblippy
    Hi, i am having trouble making a method to sort an array of structs. i am tring to sort them in ascending order based on classcode. any help you could give would be appreciated struct unit { char classcode[4]; char *classname; }; void insertion_sort(struct unit u[], int n) { int j, p; struct unit tmp[1]; for(p = 1; p < n; p++) { tmp[0] = u[p]; for(j = p; j > 0 && (strcmp(tmp[j-1].classcode, tmp[p].classcode) > 0); j--) u[j] = u[j-1]; u[j] = tmp[0]; } }

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  • Returning a local object from a function

    - by pocoa
    Is this the right way to return an object from a function? Car getCar(string model, int year) { Car c(model, year); return c; } void displayCar(Car &car) { cout << car.getModel() << ", " << car.getYear() << endl; } displayCar(getCar("Honda", 1999)); I'm getting an error, "taking address of temporary". Should I use this way: Car &getCar(string model, int year) { Car c(model, year); return c; }

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  • Trying to figure out how to check a checksum

    - by rross
    I'm trying to figure out how to check a checksum. My message looks like this: 38 0A 01 12 78 96 FE 00 F0 FB D0 FE F6 F6 being the checksum. I convert the preceding 12 sets in to binary and then add them together. Then attempt a bitwise operation to apply the 2s complement. I get a value of -1562, but I can't convert it back to hex to check if the value is correct. Can someone point me in the right direction? my code: string[] hexValue = {"38", "0A", "01", "12", "78", "96", "FE", "00", "F0", "FB", "D0", "FE"}; int totalValue = 0; foreach(string item in hexValue) { totalValue += Int32.Parse(item, NumberStyles.HexNumber); } int bAfter2sC = ~totalValue + 1; Console.Write("answer :" + bAfter2sC + "\n");

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  • Calling a function that has 'Activity' as an argument.

    - by Andrew
    I have stripped down my functions for simplicity: public static int countLines(String fileName, Activity activity) throws IOException { BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(activity.getAssets().open(fileName))); return 3; } I am calling it from here: private CharSequence RandomRead() throws IOException { int numberLines = countLines("data.txt", ??????); return "Success" } In the call to countLines("data.txt", ??????), what do I put as the argument for the Activity? I've Googled all night and I can find no examples of an actual call to a function where Activity is an argument. (Lots of examples actually using 'activity', but no calls to the example functions). Thanks!

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  • How can I tell if a closed path contains a given point?

    - by Tom Seago
    In Android, I have a Path object which I happen to know defines a closed path, and I need to figure out if a given point is contained within the path. What I was hoping for was something along the lines of path.contains(int x, int y) but that doesn't seem to exist. The specific reason I'm looking for this is because I have a collection of shapes on screen defined as paths, and I want to figure out which one the user clicked on. If there is a better way to be approaching this such as using different UI elements rather than doing it "the hard way" myself, I'm open to suggestions. I'm open to writing an algorithm myself if I have to, but that means different research I guess.

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  • Python, Matplotlib, subplot: How to set the axis range?

    - by someone
    How can I set the y axis range of the second subplot to e.g. [0,1000] ? The FFT plot of my data (a column in a text file) results in a (inf.?) spike so that the actual data is not visible. pylab.ylim([0,1000]) has no effect, unfortunately. This is the whole script: # based on http://www.swharden.com/blog/2009-01-21-signal-filtering-with-python/ import numpy, scipy, pylab, random xs = [] rawsignal = [] with open("test.dat", 'r') as f: for line in f: if line[0] != '#' and len(line) > 0: xs.append( int( line.split()[0] ) ) rawsignal.append( int( line.split()[1] ) ) h, w = 3, 1 pylab.figure(figsize=(12,9)) pylab.subplots_adjust(hspace=.7) pylab.subplot(h,w,1) pylab.title("Signal") pylab.plot(xs,rawsignal) pylab.subplot(h,w,2) pylab.title("FFT") fft = scipy.fft(rawsignal) #~ pylab.axis([None,None,0,1000]) pylab.ylim([0,1000]) pylab.plot(abs(fft)) pylab.savefig("SIG.png",dpi=200) pylab.show() Other improvements are also appreciated!

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  • pass by pointer is not working

    - by user323422
    #include"iostream" class CMessage { public:int a; CMessage(){} ~CMessage(){} }; void Testing(CMessage *f_pMessage)//l_pMessage is output parameter { f_pMessage = new CMessage(); f_pMessage->a = 1; } int main() { CMessage *l_pMessage =NULL; Testing(l_pMessage); std::cout<<l_pMessage->a;//getting l_pMessage = NULL; return 0; } when i called testing then inside testing f_pMessage is getting intialize but as ssoon as i after excuting testing function it should be store in l_Pmessage but it is showing NULL.confussed.....

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  • abstract class need acces to subclass atribute

    - by user1742980
    I have a problem with my code. public abstract class SimplePolygon implements Polygon { ... public String toString(){ String str = "Polygon: vertices ="; for(int i = 0;i<varray.length;i++){ str += " "; str += varray[i]; } return str; } } public class ArrayPolygon extends SimplePolygon { private Vertex2D[] varray; public ArrayPolygon(Vertex2D[] array){ varray = new Vertex2D[array.length]; if (array == null){} for(int i = 0;i<array.length;i++){ if (array[i] == null){} varray[i] = array[i]; } ... } Problem is, that i'm not allowed to add any atribute or method to abstract class SimplePolygon, so i'cant properly initialize varray. It could simply be solved with protected atrib in that class, but for some (stupid) reason i'cant do that. Has anybody an idea how to solve it without that? Thanks for all help.

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  • Floating point precision nuances.

    - by user247077
    Hi, I found this code in NVIDIA's cuda SDK samples. void computeGold( float* reference, float* idata, const unsigned int len) { reference[0] = 0; double total_sum = 0; unsigned int i; for( i = 1; i < len; ++i) { total_sum += idata[i-1]; reference[i] = idata[i-1] + reference[i-1]; } // Here it should be okay to use != because we have integer values // in a range where float can be exactly represented if (total_sum != reference[i-1]) printf("Warning: exceeding single-precision accuracy. Scan will be inaccurate.\n"); } (C) Nvidia Corp Can somebody please tell me a case where the warning would be printed, and most importantly, why. Thank you very much.

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  • How can I implement the same behavior as Dictionary.TryGetValue

    - by pblasucci
    So, given then following code type MyClass () = let items = Dictionary<string,int>() do items.Add ("one",1) items.Add ("two",2) items.Add ("three",3) member this.TryGetValue (key,value) = items.TrygetValue (key,value) let c = MyClass () let d = Dictionary<string,int> () d.Add ("one",1) d.Add ("two",2) d.Add ("three",3) And the following test code let r1,v1 = d.TryGetValue "one" let r2,v2 = c.TryGetValue "one" The r1,v1 line works fine. The r2,v2 line bombs; complaining c.TryGetValue must be given a tuple. Interestingly, in each line the signature of TryGetValue is different. How can I get my custom implementation to exhibit the same behavior as the BCL version? Or, asked another way, since F# has (implicitly) the concept of tuple parameters, curried parameters, and BCL parameters, and I know how to distinguish between curried and tuple-style, how can I force the third style (a la BCL methods)? Let me know if this is unclear.

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  • using session library in CodeIgniter

    - by marcin_koss
    For some reason I'm heaving a tough time understanding how sessions in CI work. I would like to change the following part of the code to use CodeIgniter sessions rather than the way it's normally done in PHP. What would be the best way to do it? foreach($_POST['qty'] as $k = $v) { $id = (int)$k; $qty = (int)$v; $_SESSION['cart'][$id]['quantity'] = $qty; } Another question! While using CI session library, when a session has multidimensional structure, do I always have to drop session's content to an array first, before I can read the values I need?

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  • Does SQL Server Compact not support keywords 'Foreign Key References' in Create Table or am I making a mistake?

    - by johnmortal
    I keep getting errors using Sql Compact. I have seen that it is possible to create table constraints in compact edition as shown here. And according to the documents found here it provides "Full referential integrity with cascading deletes and updates". So am I really not allowed to do the following or am I making a mistake? I keep getting complaints from sql server compact edition that the constaint is not valid, though it works fine on express edition. CREATE TABLE [A] (AKey int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY); CREATE TABLE [B] (AKey int NOT NULL FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES A(AKey));

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  • Does a static object within a function introduce a potential race condition?

    - by Jeremy Friesner
    I'm curious about the following code: class MyClass { public: MyClass() : _myArray(new int[1024]) {} ~MyClass() {delete [] _myArray;} private: int * _myArray; }; // This function may be called by different threads in an unsynchronized manner void MyFunction() { static const MyClass _myClassObject; [...] } Is there a possible race condition in the above code? Specifically, is the compiler likely to generate code equivalent to the following, "behind the scenes"? void MyFunction() { static bool _myClassObjectInitialized = false; if (_myClassObjectInitialized == false) { _myClassObjectInitialized = true; _myClassObject.MyClass(); // call constructor to set up object } [...] } ... in which case, if two threads were to call MyFunction() nearly-simultaneously, then _myArray might get allocated twice, causing a memory leak? Or is this handled correctly somehow?

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  • checking whether 4 points in a plane define a square ??

    - by osabri
    how to check whether 4 points in the plane define a square? what's the function which given a point and a value of the area of a square as input parameters returns four squares(define a corresponding type) with sides parallel to the x axis and y axis this how i start: #include <stdio.h> #include<math.h> struct point{ float x; float y; } typedef struct point POINT; struct square{ struct point p1; struct point p2; struct point p3; struct point p4; } typedef struct square SQUARE; int main() { int point; printf("point coordinate"); printf("\n\n"); printf("enter data\n");

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  • How to change a primary key in SQL to auto_increment?

    - by Jian Lin
    I have a table in MySQL that has a primary key: mysql> desc gifts; +---------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +---------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | giftID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | | | filename | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | | | effectiveTime | datetime | YES | | NULL | | +---------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ but I wanted to make it auto_increment. The following statement failed. How can it be modified so that it can work? thanks mysql> alter table gifts modify giftID int primary key auto_increment; ERROR 1068 (42000): Multiple primary key defined

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  • Need some help with a join on ContentProviders

    - by Pentium10
    The documentation says Columns from the associated aggregated contact are also available through an implicit join. What's that implicit join? `Join with Contacts` String LOOKUP_KEY read-only See ContactsContract.Contacts String DISPLAY_NAME read-only See ContactsContract.Contacts long PHOTO_ID read-only See ContactsContract.Contacts. int IN_VISIBLE_GROUP read-only See ContactsContract.Contacts. int HAS_PHONE_NUMBER read-only See ContactsContract.Contacts. I am querying ContactsContract.Data, and I need to access as where clauses on the query IN_VISIBLE_GROUP and HAS_PHONE_NUMBER, that are defined in ContactsContract.Contacts. How can I make this possible?

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  • What classes should I map against with NHibernate?

    - by apollodude217
    Currently, we use NHibernate to map business objects to database tables. Said business objects enforce business rules: The set accessors will throw an exception on the spot if the contract for that property is violated. Also, the properties enforce relationships with other objects (sometimes bidirectional!). Well, whenever NHibernate loads an object from the database (e.g. when ISession.Get(id) is called), the set accessors of the mapped properties are used to put the data into the object. What's good is that the middle tier of the application enforces business logic. What's bad is that the database does not. Sometimes crap finds its way into the database. If crap is loaded into the application, it bails (throws an exception). Sometimes it clearly should bail because it cannot do anything, but what if it can continue working? E.g., an admin tool that gathers real-time reports runs a high risk of failing unnecessarily instead of allowing an admin to even fix a (potential) problem. I don't have an example on me right now, but in some instances, letting NHibernate use the "front door" properties that also enforce relationships (especially bidi) leads to bugs. What are the best solutions? Currently, I will, on a per-property basis, create a "back door" just for NHibernate: public virtual int Blah {get {return _Blah;} set {/*enforces BR's*/}} protected virtual int _Blah {get {return blah;} set {blah = value;}} private int blah; I showed the above in C# 2 (no default properties) to demonstrate how this gets us basically 3 layers of, or views, to blah!!! While this certainly works, it does not seem ideal as it requires the BL to provide one (public) interface for the app-at-large, and another (protected) interface for the data access layer. There is an additional problem: To my knowledge, NHibernate does not give you a way to distinguish between the name of the property in the BL and the name of the property in the entity model (i.e. the name you use when you query, e.g. via HQL--whenever you give NHibernate the name (string) of a property). This becomes a problem when, at first, the BR's for some property Blah are no problem, so you refer to it in your O/R mapping... but then later, you have to add some BR's that do become a problem, so then you have to change your O/R mapping to use a new _Blah property, which breaks all existing queries using "Blah" (common problem with programming against strings). Has anyone solved these problems?!

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  • Use format strings that contain %1, %2 etc. instead of %d, %s etc. - Linux, C++

    - by rursw1
    Hello, As a follow-up of this question (Message compiler replacement in Linux gcc), I have the following problem: When using MC.exe on Windows for compiling and generating messages, within the C++ code I call FormatMessage, which retrieves the message and uses the va_list *Arguments parameter to send the varied message arguments. For example: messages.mc file: MessageId=1 Severity=Error SymbolicName=MULTIPLE_MESSAGE_OCCURED Language=English message %1 occured %2 times. . C++ code: void GetMsg(unsigned int errCode, wstring& message,unsigned int paramNumber, ...) { HLOCAL msg; DWORD ret; LANGID lang = GetUserDefaultLangID(); try { va_list argList; va_start( argList, paramNumber ); const TCHAR* dll = L"MyDll.dll"; _hModule = GetModuleHandle(dll); ret =::FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE|FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, _hModule, errCode, lang, (LPTSTR) &msg, 0, &argList ); if ( 0 != ret ) { unsigned int count = 0 ; message = msg; if (paramNumber>0) { wstring::const_iterator iter; for (iter = message.begin();iter!=message.end();iter++) { wchar_t xx = *iter; if (xx ==L'%') count++; } } if ((count == paramNumber) && (count >0)) { ::LocalFree( msg ); ret =::FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE, _hModule, errCode, GetUserDefaultLangID(), (LPTSTR) &msg, 0, &argList ); } else if (count != paramNumber) { wstringstream tmp; wstring messNumber; tmp << (errCode & 0xFFFF); tmp >> messNumber; message = message +L"("+ messNumber + L"). Bad Format String. "; } } ::LocalFree( msg ); } catch (...) { message << L"last error: " << GetLastError(); } va_end( argList ); } Caller code: wstring message; GetMsg(MULTIPLE_MESSAGE_OCCURED, message,2, "Error message", 5); Now, I wrote a simple script to generate a .msg file from the .mc file, and then I use gencat to generate a catalog from it. But is there a way to use the formatted strings as they contain %1, %2, etc. and NOT the general (%d, %s...) format? Please note, that the solution has to be generic enough for each possible message with each posible types\ arguments order... Is it possible at all? Thank you.

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  • Visual Studio 2008 compiles anything in C++ file?

    - by Brad Pepers
    I noticed today that a source code file in a project was compiling even though it had junk at the top of it. It got me wondering what all would pass without error through the compiler. Here is an example of code that will not generate any error messages: what kind of weird behaviour is this??? #include "stdafx.h" // what is up? int foo(int bar) { bla bla bla????? return bar; } and more junk??? What in the world is the compiler doing to allow this code to compile without giving any error messages? I'm using Visual Studio 2008 and this is unmanaged C++ code. The foo function isn't actually generated in the object file so it can't be used but why no errors???

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  • Android 1.6: onActivityResult is not called

    - by Seb
    Hi, I have a problem with the method "onActivityResult". I create a new Activity from my main activity: Intent intent = new Intent(this, NewActivity.class); startActivityForResult(intent, 0); The new Activity is ended like this: Intent resultIntent = new Intent(); resultIntent.putExtra("vid", hmvenues.get(venues[currentPosition])); resultIntent.putExtra("name", venues[currentPosition]); setResult(RESULT_OK, resultIntent); finish(); But the Method onActivityResult seem to be not called @Override public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { Log.d(this.getClass().getName(),"onActivityResult"); ... } Does anyone have an idea, what I did wrong? Thanks!! Seb

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  • Java Prepared Statement Error

    - by Suresh S
    Hi Guys the following code throws me an error i have an insert statement created once and in the while loop i am dynamically setting parameter , and at the end i says ps2.addBatch() again while ( (eachLine = in.readLine()) != null)) { for (int k=stat; k <=45;k++) { ps2.setString (k,main[(k-2)]); } stat=45; for (int l=1;l<= 2; l++) { ps2.setString((stat+l),pdp[(l-1)]);// Exception } ps2.addBatch(); } This is the error java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 45 at oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBDataSetImpl._getDBItem(DBDataSetImpl.java:378) at oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBDataSetImpl._createOrGetDBItem(DBDataSetImpl.java:781) at oracle.jdbc.dbaccess.DBDataSetImpl.setBytesBindItem(DBDataSetImpl.java:2450) at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.setItem(OraclePreparedStatement.java:1155) at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.setString(OraclePreparedStatement.java:1572) at Processor.main(Processor.java:233)

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  • Initializing a char array through passed pointer segfaults

    - by Bitgarden
    Ie., why does the following work: char* char_array(size_t size){ return new char[size]; } int main(){ const char* foo = "foo"; size_t len = strlen(foo); char* bar=char_array(len); memset(bar, 0, len+1); } But the following segfaults: void char_array(char* out, size_t size){ out= new char[size]; } int main(){ const char* foo = "foo"; size_t len = strlen(foo); char* bar; char_array(bar, len); memset(bar, 0, len+1); }

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