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  • Refactoring multiple if statements for user authentication with subdomains

    - by go minimal
    I'm building a typical web app where once a user signs up they access the app through their own subdomain (company.myapp.com). The "checking what kind of user if any is logged in" piece is starting to get very hairy and it obviously needs to be well-written because its run so often so I was wondering how you guys would re-factor this stuff. Here are the different states: A user must be logged in, the user must not have a company name, and the sub-domain must be blank A user must be logged in, the user must have a company name, that company name must match the current sub-domain A user must be logged in, the user must have a company name, that company name must match the current sub-domain, and the user's is_admin boolean is true if !session[:user_id].nil? @user = User.find(session[:user_id]) if @user.company.nil? && request.subdomains.first.nil? return "state1" elsif [email protected]? if @user.company.downcase == request.subdomains.first.downcase && [email protected]_admin return "state2" elsif @user.company.downcase == request.subdomains.first.downcase && @user.is_admin return "state3" end end end

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  • Comments Parent-Child query with indentation

    - by poldoj
    I've been trying to retrieve comments to articles in a pretty common blog fashion way. Here's my sample code: -- ---------------------------- -- Sample Table structure for [dbo].[Comments] -- ---------------------------- CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Comments] ( [CommentID] int NOT NULL , [AddedDate] datetime NOT NULL , [AddedBy] nvarchar(256) NOT NULL , [ArticleID] int NOT NULL , [Body] nvarchar(4000) NOT NULL , [parentCommentID] int NULL ) GO -- ---------------------------- -- Sample Records of Comments -- ---------------------------- INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'1', N'2011-11-26 23:18:07.000', N'user', N'1', N'body', null); GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'2', N'2011-11-26 23:18:50.000', N'user', N'2', N'body', null); GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'3', N'2011-11-26 23:19:09.000', N'user', N'1', N'body', null); GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'4', N'2011-11-26 23:19:46.000', N'user', N'3', N'body', null); GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'5', N'2011-11-26 23:20:16.000', N'user', N'1', N'body', N'1'); GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'6', N'2011-11-26 23:20:42.000', N'user', N'1', N'body', N'1'); GO INSERT INTO [dbo].[Comments] ([CommentID], [AddedDate], [AddedBy], [ArticleID], [Body], [parentCommentID]) VALUES (N'7', N'2011-11-26 23:21:25.000', N'user', N'1', N'body', N'6'); GO -- ---------------------------- -- Indexes structure for table Comments -- ---------------------------- -- ---------------------------- -- Primary Key structure for table [dbo].[Comments] -- ---------------------------- ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Comments] ADD PRIMARY KEY ([CommentID]) GO -- ---------------------------- -- Foreign Key structure for table [dbo].[Comments] -- ---------------------------- ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Comments] ADD FOREIGN KEY ([parentCommentID]) REFERENCES [dbo]. [Comments] ([CommentID]) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION GO I thought I could use a CTE query to do the job like this: WITH CommentsCTE(CommentID, AddedDate, AddedBy, ArticleID, Body, parentCommentID, lvl, sortcol) AS ( SELECT CommentID, AddedDate, AddedBy, ArticleID, Body, parentCommentID, 0, cast(CommentID as varbinary(max)) FROM Comments UNION ALL SELECT P.CommentID, P.AddedDate, P.AddedBy, P.ArticleID, P.Body, P.parentCommentID, PP.lvl+1, CAST(sortcol + CAST(P.CommentID AS BINARY(4)) AS VARBINARY(max)) FROM Comments AS P JOIN CommentsCTE AS PP ON P.parentCommentID = PP.CommentID ) SELECT REPLICATE('--', lvl) + right('>',lvl)+ AddedBy + ' :: ' + Body, CommentID, parentCommentID, lvl FROM CommentsCTE WHERE ArticleID = 1 order by sortcol go but the results have been very disappointing so far, and after days of tweaking I decided to ask for help. I was looking for a method to display hierarchical comments to articles like it happens in blogs. [edit] The problem with this query is that I get duplicates because I couldn't figure out how to properly select the ArticleID which I want comments from to display. I'm also looking for a method that sorts children entries by date within a same level. An example of what I'm trying to accomplish could be something like: (ArticleID[post retrieved]) ------------------------- ------------------------- (Comments[related to the article id above]) first comment[no parent] --[first child to first comment] --[second child to first comment] ----[first child to second child comment to first comment] --[third child to first comment] ----[first child to third child comment to first comment] ------[(recursive child): first child to first child to third child comment to first comment] ------[(recursive child): second child to first child to third child comment to first comment] second comment[no parent] third comment[no parent] --[first child to third comment] I kinda got myself lost in all this mess...I appreciate any help or simpler ways to get this working. Thanks

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  • SQL SERVER – SSMS: Memory Usage By Memory Optimized Objects Report

    - by Pinal Dave
    At conferences and at speaking engagements at the local UG, there is one question that keeps on coming which I wish were never asked. The question around, “Why is SQL Server using up all the memory and not releasing even when idle?” Well, the answer can be long and with the release of SQL Server 2014, this got even more complicated. This release of SQL Server 2014 has the option of introducing In-Memory OLTP which is completely new concept and our dependency on memory has increased multifold. In reality, nothing much changes but we have memory optimized objects (Tables and Stored Procedures) additional which are residing completely in memory and improving performance. As a DBA, it is humanly impossible to get a hang of all the innovations and the new features introduced in the next version. So today’s blog is around the report added to SSMS which gives a high level view of this new feature addition. This reports is available only from SQL Server 2014 onwards because the feature was introduced in SQL Server 2014. Earlier versions of SQL Server Management Studio would not show the report in the list. If we try to launch the report on the database which is not having In-Memory File group defined, then we would see the message in report. To demonstrate, I have created new fresh database called MemoryOptimizedDB with no special file group. Here is the query used to identify whether a database has memory-optimized file group or not. SELECT TOP(1) 1 FROM sys.filegroups FG WHERE FG.[type] = 'FX' Once we add filegroup using below command, we would see different version of report. USE [master] GO ALTER DATABASE [MemoryOptimizedDB] ADD FILEGROUP [IMO_FG] CONTAINS MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA GO The report is still empty because we have not defined any Memory Optimized table in the database.  Total allocated size is shown as 0 MB. Now, let’s add the folder location into the filegroup and also created few in-memory tables. We have used the nomenclature of IMO to denote “InMemory Optimized” objects. USE [master] GO ALTER DATABASE [MemoryOptimizedDB] ADD FILE ( NAME = N'MemoryOptimizedDB_IMO', FILENAME = N'E:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\MSSQL\DATA\MemoryOptimizedDB_IMO') TO FILEGROUP [IMO_FG] GO You may have to change the path based on your SQL Server configuration. Below is the script to create the table. USE MemoryOptimizedDB GO --Drop table if it already exists. IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.SQLAuthority','U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.SQLAuthority GO CREATE TABLE dbo.SQLAuthority ( ID INT IDENTITY NOT NULL, Name CHAR(500)  COLLATE Latin1_General_100_BIN2 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Pinal', CONSTRAINT PK_SQLAuthority_ID PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (ID), INDEX hash_index_sample_memoryoptimizedtable_c2 HASH (Name) WITH (BUCKET_COUNT = 131072) ) WITH (MEMORY_OPTIMIZED = ON, DURABILITY = SCHEMA_AND_DATA) GO As soon as above script is executed, table and index both are created. If we run the report again, we would see something like below. Notice that table memory is zero but index is using memory. This is due to the fact that hash index needs memory to manage the buckets created. So even if table is empty, index would consume memory. More about the internals of how In-Memory indexes and tables work will be reserved for future posts. Now, use below script to populate the table with 10000 rows INSERT INTO SQLAuthority VALUES (DEFAULT) GO 10000 Here is the same report after inserting 1000 rows into our InMemory table.    There are total three sections in the whole report. Total Memory consumed by In-Memory Objects Pie chart showing memory distribution based on type of consumer – table, index and system. Details of memory usage by each table. The information about all three is taken from one single DMV, sys.dm_db_xtp_table_memory_stats This DMV contains memory usage statistics for both user and system In-Memory tables. If we query the DMV and look at data, we can easily notice that the system tables have negative object IDs.  So, to look at user table memory usage, below is the over-simplified version of query. USE MemoryOptimizedDB GO SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID), * FROM sys.dm_db_xtp_table_memory_stats WHERE OBJECT_ID > 0 GO This report would help DBA to identify which in-memory object taking lot of memory which can be used as a pointer for designing solution. I am sure in future we will discuss at lengths the whole concept of In-Memory tables in detail over this blog. To read more about In-Memory OLTP, have a look at In-Memory OLTP Series at Balmukund’s Blog. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL Tagged: SQL Memory, SQL Reports

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  • SQL SERVER – Merge Two Columns into a Single Column

    - by Pinal Dave
    Here is a question which I have received from user yesterday. Hi Pinal, I want to build queries in SQL server that merge two columns of the table If I have two columns like, Column1 | Column2 1                5 2                6 3                7 4                8 I want to output like, Column1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 It is a good question. Here is how we can do achieve the task. I am making the assumption that both the columns have different data and there is no duplicate. USE TempDB GO CREATE TABLE TestTable (Col1 INT, Col2 INT) GO INSERT INTO TestTable (Col1, Col2) SELECT 1, 5 UNION ALL SELECT 2, 6 UNION ALL SELECT 3, 7 UNION ALL SELECT 4, 8 GO SELECT Col1 FROM TestTable UNION SELECT Col2 FROM TestTable GO DROP TABLE TestTable GO Here is the original table. Here is the result table. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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  • Web Platform Installer issues deploying Azure SDK 1.4 on refreshed systems.

    - by Enrique Lima
    Recently I have been doing quite a bit of testing on different means to deploy the Azure SDKs and such. After a very successful couple of systems, I started running into issues last night. Here is the problem, if I go to the Windows Azure Website, and go to Develop, then click on the SDK and Tools, then Get Tools & SDK, it launches the Web Platform Installer.  All seems well at that point, except it will go through the initial process, will find the SDK files for 1.4, but since the tools for Visual Studio are still 1.3, the location throws back a 404, which causes the Installer to fail.  NOTE:If you already had SDK 1.3 and the tools in place, it will go through. The fix is to go directly to the Microsoft Download Center location and download the files.  Here is the link … http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=7a1089b6-4050-4307-86c4-9dadaa5ed018

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  • Accessing super class function using subclass object

    - by bdhar
    I have an object for a subclass who is of it's superclass type. There is a overridden function in subclass which gets executed when called using the object. How to call the parent's function using the same object? Is there any way to achieve this? package supercall; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { SomeClass obj = new SubClass(); obj.go(); } } class SomeClass { SomeClass() { } public void go() { System.out.println("Someclass go"); } } class SubClass extends SomeClass { SubClass() { } @Override public void go() { System.out.println("Subclass go"); } } Consider the code above. Here it prints Subclass go . Instead I have to print Superclass go .

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  • T-SQL to PL/SQL (IDENTITY)

    - by folone
    I've got a T-SQL script, that converts field to IDENTITY (in a weird way). How do I convert it to PL/SQL? (and, probably, figure out, if there is a simpler way to do this - without creating a temporary table). The T-SQL script: -- alter table ts_changes add TS_THREADID VARCHAR(100) NULL; -- Change Field TS_ID TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS to IDENTITY BEGIN TRANSACTION GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Tmp_TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS ( TS_ID int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1), TS_TABLEID int NOT NULL, TS_CASEID int NULL, TS_WORKFLOWID int NULL, TS_NOTIFICATIONID int NULL, TS_PRIORITY int NULL, TS_STARTDATE int NULL, TS_TIME int NULL, TS_WAITSTATUS int NULL, TS_RECIPIENTID int NULL, TS_LASTCHANGEDATE int NULL, TS_ELAPSEDCYCLES int NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS ON GO IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM dbo.TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS) EXEC('INSERT INTO dbo.Tmp_TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS (TS_ID, TS_TABLEID, TS_CASEID, TS_WORKFLOWID, TS_NOTIFICATIONID, TS_PRIORITY, TS_STARTDATE, TS_TIME, TS_WAITSTATUS, TS_RECIPIENTID, TS_LASTCHANGEDATE, TS_ELAPSEDCYCLES) SELECT TS_ID, TS_TABLEID, TS_CASEID, TS_WORKFLOWID, TS_NOTIFICATIONID, TS_PRIORITY, TS_STARTDATE, TS_TIME, TS_WAITSTATUS, TS_RECIPIENTID, TS_LASTCHANGEDATE, TS_ELAPSEDCYCLES FROM dbo.TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS WITH (HOLDLOCK TABLOCKX)') GO SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS OFF GO DROP TABLE dbo.TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS GO EXECUTE sp_rename N'dbo.Tmp_TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS', N'TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS', 'OBJECT' GO ALTER TABLE dbo.TS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS ADD CONSTRAINT aaaaaTS_NOTIFICATIONEVENTS_PK PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ( TS_ID ) WITH( STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] GO COMMIT

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  • Using current database name in T-SQL has Using statement

    - by AmRoSH
    Hello everybody. I have application runs T-SQL statements to update more than one database the problem is i'm using the following t-sql USE [msdb] GO DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16) EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'test2', @enabled=1, @start_step_id=1, @notify_level_eventlog=0, @notify_level_email=2, @notify_level_netsend=2, @notify_level_page=2, @delete_level=0, @description=N'', @category_name=N'[Uncategorized (Local)]', @owner_login_name=N'sa', @notify_email_operator_name=N'', @notify_netsend_operator_name=N'', @notify_page_operator_name=N'', @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT select @jobId GO EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_name=N'test2', @server_name = N'AMR-PC\SQL2008' GO USE [msdb] GO EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_name=N'test2', @step_name=N'test', @step_id=1, @cmdexec_success_code=0, @on_success_action=1, @on_fail_action=2, @retry_attempts=0, @retry_interval=0, @os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'TSQL', @command=N'EXEC sp_MSforeachdb '' EXEC sp_MSforeachtable @command1=''''DBCC DBREINDEX (''''''''*'''''''')'''', @replacechar=''''*''''''', @database_name=N'Client5281', @output_file_name=N'C:\Documents and Settings\Amr\Desktop\Scheduel Reports\report', @flags=2 GO USE [msdb] GO DECLARE @schedule_id int EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobschedule @job_name=N'test2', @name=N'test', @enabled=1, @freq_type=8, @freq_interval=1, @freq_subday_type=1, @freq_subday_interval=0, @freq_relative_interval=0, @freq_recurrence_factor=1, @active_start_date=20100517, @active_end_date=99991231, @active_start_time=0, @active_end_time=235959, @schedule_id = @schedule_id OUTPUT select @schedule_id GO and i'm using (USE [msdb]) before any block and i want to get database name to replace this @database_name=N'**Client5281**', with the current database name instead of ([msdb]) that i'm using. i hope that i explained what i want well.

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  • Fragmented Log files could be slowing down your database

    - by Fatherjack
    Something that is sometimes forgotten by a lot of DBAs is the fact that database log files get fragmented in the same way that you get fragmentation in a data file. The cause is very different but the effect is the same – too much effort reading and writing data. Data files get fragmented as data is changed through normal system activity, INSERTs, UPDATEs and DELETEs cause fragmentation and most experienced DBAs are monitoring their indexes for fragmentation and dealing with it accordingly. However, you don’t hear about so many working on their log files. How can a log file get fragmented? I’m glad you asked. When you create a database there are at least two files created on the disk storage; an mdf for the data and an ldf for the log file (you can also have ndf files for extra data storage but that’s off topic for now). It is wholly possible to have more than one log file but in most cases there is little point in creating more than one as the log file is written to in a ‘wrap-around’ method (more on that later). When a log file is created at the time that a database is created the file is actually sub divided into a number of virtual log files (VLFs). The number and size of these VLFs depends on the size chosen for the log file. VLFs are also created in the space added to a log file when a log file growth event takes place. Do you have your log files set to auto grow? Then you have potentially been introducing many VLFs into your log file. Let’s get to see how many VLFs we have in a brand new database. USE master GO CREATE DATABASE VLF_Test ON ( NAME = VLF_Test, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test.mdf', SIZE = 100, MAXSIZE = 500, FILEGROWTH = 50 ) LOG ON ( NAME = VLF_Test_Log, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test_log.ldf', SIZE = 5MB, MAXSIZE = 250MB, FILEGROWTH = 5MB ); go USE VLF_Test go DBCC LOGINFO; The results of this are firstly a new database is created with specified files sizes and the the DBCC LOGINFO results are returned to the script editor. The DBCC LOGINFO results have plenty of interesting information in them but lets first note there are 4 rows of information, this relates to the fact that 4 VLFs have been created in the log file. The values in the FileSize column are the sizes of each VLF in bytes, you will see that the last one to be created is slightly larger than the others. So, a 5MB log file has 4 VLFs of roughly 1.25 MB. Lets alter the CREATE DATABASE script to create a log file that’s a bit bigger and see what happens. Alter the code above so that the log file details are replaced by LOG ON ( NAME = VLF_Test_Log, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test_log.ldf', SIZE = 1GB, MAXSIZE = 25GB, FILEGROWTH = 1GB ); With a bigger log file specified we get more VLFs What if we make it bigger again? LOG ON ( NAME = VLF_Test_Log, FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.ROCK_2008\MSSQL\DATA\VLF_Test_log.ldf', SIZE = 5GB, MAXSIZE = 250GB, FILEGROWTH = 5GB ); This time we see more VLFs are created within our log file. We now have our 5GB log file comprised of 16 files of 320MB each. In fact these sizes fall into all the ranges that control the VLF creation criteria – what a coincidence! The rules that are followed when a log file is created or has it’s size increased are pretty basic. If the file growth is lower than 64MB then 4 VLFs are created If the growth is between 64MB and 1GB then 8 VLFs are created If the growth is greater than 1GB then 16 VLFs are created. Now the potential for chaos comes if the default values and settings for log file growth are used. By default a database log file gets a 1MB log file with unlimited growth in steps of 10%. The database we just created is 6 MB, let’s add some data and see what happens. USE vlf_test go -- we need somewhere to put the data so, a table is in order IF OBJECT_ID('A_Table') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE A_Table go CREATE TABLE A_Table ( Col_A int IDENTITY, Col_B CHAR(8000) ) GO -- Let's check the state of the log file -- 4 VLFs found EXECUTE ('DBCC LOGINFO'); go -- We can go ahead and insert some data and then check the state of the log file again INSERT A_Table (col_b) SELECT TOP 500 REPLICATE('a',2000) FROM sys.columns AS sc, sys.columns AS sc2 GO -- insert 500 rows and we get 22 VLFs EXECUTE ('DBCC LOGINFO'); go -- Let's insert more rows INSERT A_Table (col_b) SELECT TOP 2000 REPLICATE('a',2000) FROM sys.columns AS sc, sys.columns AS sc2 GO 10 -- insert 2000 rows, in 10 batches and we suddenly have 107 VLFs EXECUTE ('DBCC LOGINFO'); Well, that escalated quickly! Our log file is split, internally, into 107 fragments after a few thousand inserts. The same happens with any logged transactions, I just chose to illustrate this with INSERTs. Having too many VLFs can cause performance degradation at times of database start up, log backup and log restore operations so it’s well worth keeping a check on this property. How do we prevent excessive VLF creation? Creating the database with larger files and also with larger growth steps and actively choosing to grow your databases rather than leaving it to the Auto Grow event can make sure that the growths are made with a size that is optimal. How do we resolve a situation of a database with too many VLFs? This process needs to be done when the database is under little or no stress so that you don’t affect system users. The steps are: BACKUP LOG YourDBName TO YourBackupDestinationOfChoice Shrink the log file to its smallest possible size DBCC SHRINKFILE(FileNameOfTLogHere, TRUNCATEONLY) * Re-size the log file to the size you want it to, taking in to account your expected needs for the coming months or year. ALTER DATABASE YourDBName MODIFY FILE ( NAME = FileNameOfTLogHere, SIZE = TheSizeYouWantItToBeIn_MB) * – If you don’t know the file name of your log file then run sp_helpfile while you are connected to the database that you want to work on and you will get the details you need. The resize step can take quite a while This is already detailed far better than I can explain it by Kimberley Tripp in her blog 8-Steps-to-better-Transaction-Log-throughput.aspx. The result of this will be a log file with a VLF count according to the bullet list above. Knowing when VLFs are being created By complete coincidence while I have been writing this blog (it’s been quite some time from it’s inception to going live) Jonathan Kehayias from SQLSkills.com has written a great article on how to track database file growth using Event Notifications and Service Broker. I strongly recommend taking a look at it as this is going to catch any sneaky auto grows that take place and let you know about them right away. Hassle free monitoring of VLFs If you are lucky or wise enough to be using SQL Monitor or another monitoring tool that let’s you write your own custom metrics then you can keep an eye on this very easily. There is a custom metric for VLFs (written by Stuart Ainsworth) already on the site and there are some others there are very useful so take a moment or two to look around while you are there. Resources MSDN – http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms179355(v=sql.105).aspx Kimberly Tripp from SQLSkills.com – http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/KIMBERLY/post/8-Steps-to-better-Transaction-Log-throughput.aspx Thomas LaRock at Simple-Talk.com – http://www.simple-talk.com/sql/database-administration/monitoring-sql-server-virtual-log-file-fragmentation/ Disclosure I am a Friend of Red Gate. This means that I am more than likely to say good things about Red Gate DBA and Developer tools. No matter how awesome I make them sound, take the time to compare them with other products before you contact the Red Gate sales team to make your order.

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  • I had a power outage. Now MySQL's lock file won't go away. What do you suggest?

    - by jasonspiro
    I do freelance IT consulting for various clients, both in Toronto, Canada, and worldwide. A client recently experienced a power failure. Now they've been having various problems with a Slackware 12.0.0 machine which also acts as a DNS server. One problem is that they can't log into phpMyAdmin. I tried stopping and restarting MySQL. But even when MySQL is stopped, the lock file stays around. jasonspiro@cybertron:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! jasonspiro@cybertron:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop ERROR! MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found! jasonspiro@cybertron:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql status ERROR! MySQL is not running, but lock exists jasonspiro@cybertron:~$ ls -l /var/lock/subsys/mysql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 2012-07-05 16:18 /var/lock/subsys/mysql Why is MySQL's lock file hanging around despite the fact that MySQL isn't running? Can I simply stop MySQL, delete the lock file, and start MySQL again? Are there any other steps that I should take next, or nothing?

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  • As a small business about to overhaul infrastructure and go virtual, how can we take advantage of all the features of the QNAP TS-439 Pro II+?

    - by Sally
    Specifically, how can we benefit from these current list of features? We're very new to this and I want to be able to talk intelligently to our IT consultant. VMware Ready Citrix Ready Built-in iSCSI target service Virtual Disk Drive (via iSCSI Initiator) Remote Replication Multi-LUN per Target LUN Mapping & LUN Masking Support SPC-3 Persistent Reservation Support What other products should we compare this QNAP to? I appreciate how informative the site is, but they only seem to sell their products through a small number of channels. Is QNAP well known? TIA!

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  • IIS7 unchecked in windows component list yet when go to http://localhost still directs me to IIS7. How to get to Apache?

    - by Ed Hancock
    IIS7 was turned off on my Windows 7 system, Under control panel services and applications no web publishing appears. Have Apache, et. al. installed with Wampserver. Yet when I try to access the local server astill get directed to IIS7 welcome page. After turning off IIS7 restarted computer, no help, eliminated history, no help, deleted IIS7 folders, no help. It is hiding somewhere and I can not find it. Any suggestions/help would be appreciated. Ed

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  • Customer site is out of IP addresses, they want to go from /24 to /12 netmask... Bad idea?

    - by ewwhite
    One of my client sites called to ask me to change the subnet masks of the Linux servers I manage there while they re-IP/change the netmask of their network based on a 10.0.0.x scheme. "Can you change the server netmasks from 255.255.255.0 to 255.240.0.0?" You mean, 255.255.240.0? "No, 255.240.0.0." Are you sure you need that many IP addresses? "Yeah, we never want to run out of IP addresses." A quick check against the Subnet Cheat Sheet shows: a 255.255.255.0 netmask, a /24 provides 256 hosts. It's clear to see that an organization can exhaust that number of IP addresses. a 255.240.0.0 netmask, a /12 provides 1,048,576 hosts. This is a small < 200-user site. I doubt that they'd allocate more than 400 IP addresses. I suggested something that provides fewer hosts, like a /22 or /21 (1024 and 2048 hosts, respectively), but was unable to give a specific reason against using the /12 subnet. Is there anything this customer should be concerned about? Are there any specific reasons they shouldn't use such an incredibly large mask in their environment?

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  • When connected to VPN through Windows 7 running under OS X via VMWare Fusion, does traffic from the OS X side go through the VPN?

    - by user1202747
    I only have a rudimentary knowledge of VPNs. My understanding is that, in most network configurations, when a client is connected remotely to a VPN server, all network traffic passes through the VPN server before going to the client, and all data coming from the client passes through the VPN server before going out over the wider Internet. I run Windows 7 using VMWare Fusion under OS X Lion. If I access a web page in Safari, say, on the OS X side of things, does that traffic pass through the VPN server? Or does it bypass it because the two OS's are regarded as separate network devices by my LAN? I would appreciate any insight anyone can provide. Thanks.

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  • SQL SERVER – sp_describe_first_result_set New System Stored Procedure in SQL Server 2012

    - by pinaldave
    I might have said this earlier many times but I will say it again – SQL Server never stops to amaze me. Here is the example of it sp_describe_first_result_set. I stumbled upon it when I was looking for something else on BOL. This new system stored procedure did attract me to experiment with it. This SP does exactly what its names suggests – describes the first result set. Let us see very simple example of the same. Please note that this will work on only SQL Server 2012. EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set N'SELECT * FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderDetail', NULL, 1 GO Here is the partial resultset. Now let us take this simple example to next level and learn one more interesting detail about this function. First I will be creating a view and then we will use the same procedure over the view. USE AdventureWorks GO CREATE VIEW dbo.MyView AS SELECT [SalesOrderID] soi_v ,[SalesOrderDetailID] sodi_v ,[CarrierTrackingNumber] stn_v FROM [Sales].[SalesOrderDetail] GO Now let us execute above stored procedure with various options. You can notice I am changing the very last parameter which I am passing to the stored procedure.This option is known as for browse_information_mode. EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set N'SELECT soi_v soi, sodi_v sodi, stn_v stn FROM MyView', NULL, 0; GO EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set N'SELECT soi_v soi, sodi_v sodi, stn_v stn FROM MyView', NULL, 1; GO EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set N'SELECT soi_v soi, sodi_v sodi, stn_v stn FROM MyView', NULL, 2; GO Here is result of all the three queries together in single image for easier understanding regarding their difference. You can see that when BrowseMode is set to 1 the resultset describes the details of the original source database, schema as well source table. When BrowseMode is set to 2 the resulset describes the details of the view as the source database. I found it really really interesting that there exists system stored procedure which now describes the resultset of the output. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Stored Procedure, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Attach or Detach Database – SQL in Sixty Seconds #068

    - by Pinal Dave
    When we have to move a database from one server to another server or when we have to move a database from one file to another file, we commonly use Database Attach or Detach process. I have been doing this for quite a while as well. Recently, when I was visiting an organization I found that in this organization lots of developers are still using an older version of the code to attach the database. I quickly pointed that out to them the new method to attach the database, however it was really interesting to find out that they really did not know that sp_attach_db is now a deprecated method to attach the database. This really made me to do today’s SQL in Sixty Seconds. I demonstrate in this SQL in Sixty Seconds how to attach or detach the database using a new method of attaching database. The code which I have used in this code is over here: -- Detach Database USE [master] GO EXEC MASTER.dbo.sp_detach_db @dbname = N'AdventureWorks2014_new' GO -- Deprecated Way to Attach Database USE [master] GO EXEC MASTER.dbo.sp_attach_db 'AdventureWorks2014_new', 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_Data_new.mdf', 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_log_new.ldf' GO -- Correct Way to Attach Database USE [master] GO CREATE DATABASE [AdventureWorks2014_new] ON ( FILENAME = 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_Data_new.mdf'), ( FILENAME = 'E:\AdventureWorks2012_log_new.ldf') FOR ATTACH GO Here is the question back to you – Do you still use old methods to attach database? If yes, I suggest that you start using the new method onwards. SQL in Sixty Seconds Video I have attempted to explain the same subject in simple words over in following video. Action Item Here are the blog posts I have previously written on the subject of SA password. You can read it over here: SQL SERVER – 2005 – T-SQL Script to Attach and Detach Database SQL SERVER – Move Database Files MDF and LDF to Another Location SQL SERVER – 2005 Take Off Line or Detach Database SQL SERVER – Attach mdf file without ldf file in Database SQL SERVER – Copy Database from Instance to Another Instance – Copy Paste in SQL Server You can subscribe to my YouTube Channel for frequent updates. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Book Review, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Video

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  • SQL SERVER – Effect of Collation on Resultset – SQL in Sixty Seconds #026 – Video

    - by pinaldave
    Collation is a very important concept but often ignored. I have often seen developers either not understanding this or ignored it – this is plain wrong. In simple word we can say Collation is the language or interpreting done by SQL Server. Well, in today’s SQL in Sixty Seconds we are going to observe how collation affects the resultset. Today’s blog post is inspired from my earlier blog post SQL SERVER – Effect of Case Sensitive Collation on Resultset. I strongly encourage you to read this earlier blog post for sample code as well additional explanation related to the concept shared in today’s SQL in Sixty Seconds. Here is the code used in the video. USE TempDB GO -- Sample Data Building CREATE TABLE ColTable (Col1 VARCHAR(15) COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS, Col2 VARCHAR(14) COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS) ; INSERT ColTable(Col1, Col2) VALUES ('Apple','Apple'), ('apple','apple'), ('pineapple','pineapple'), ('Pineapple','Pineapple'); GO -- Retrieve Data SELECT * FROM ColTable GO -- Retrieve Data SELECT * FROM ColTable ORDER BY Col1 GO -- Retrieve Data SELECT * FROM ColTable ORDER BY Col2 GO -- Clean up DROP TABLE ColTable GO Related Tips in SQL in Sixty Seconds: SQL SERVER – Effect of Case Sensitive Collation on Resultset Example of Width Sensitive and Width Insensitive Collation Collation and Collation Sensitivity – Quiz – Puzzle – 6 of 31 Change Collation of Database Column – T-SQL Script Find Collation of Database and Table Column Using T-SQL Default Collation of SQL Server 2008 Cannot resolve collation conflict for equal to operation If we like your idea we promise to share with you educational material. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology, Video

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  • SQL SERVER – Changing Default Installation Path for SQL Server

    - by pinaldave
    Earlier I wrote a blog post about SQL SERVER – Move Database Files MDF and LDF to Another Location and in the blog post we discussed how we can change the location of the MDF and LDF files after database is already created. I had mentioned that we will discuss how to change the default location of the database. This way we do not have to change the location of the database after it is created at different locations. The ideal scenario would be to specify this default location of the database files when SQL Server Installation was performed. If you have already installed SQL Server there is an easy way to solve this problem. This will not impact any database created before the change, it will only affect the default location of the database created after the change. To change the default location of the SQL Server Installation follow the steps mentioned below: Go to Right Click on Servers >> Click on Properties >> Go to the Database Settings screen You can change the default location of the database files. All the future database created after the setting is changed will go to this new location. You can also do the same with T-SQL and here is the T-SQL code to do the same. USE [master] GO EXEC xp_instance_regwrite N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'DefaultData', REG_SZ, N'F:\DATA' GO EXEC xp_instance_regwrite N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'DefaultLog', REG_SZ, N'F:\DATA' GO What are the best practices do you follow with regards to default file location for your database? I am interested to know them. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Select Columns from Stored Procedure Resultset

    - by Pinal Dave
    It is fun to go back to basics often. Here is the one classic question: “How to select columns from Stored Procedure Resultset?” Though Stored Procedure has been introduced many years ago, the question about retrieving columns from Stored Procedure is still very popular with beginners. Let us see the solution in quick steps. First we will create a sample stored procedure. CREATE PROCEDURE SampleSP AS SELECT 1 AS Col1, 2 AS Col2 UNION SELECT 11, 22 GO Now we will create a table where we will temporarily store the result set of stored procedures. We will be using INSERT INTO and EXEC command to retrieve the values and insert into temporary table. CREATE TABLE #TempTable (Col1 INT, Col2 INT) GO INSERT INTO #TempTable EXEC SampleSP GO Next we will retrieve our data from stored procedure. SELECT * FROM #TempTable GO Finally we will clean up all the objects which we have created. DROP TABLE #TempTable DROP PROCEDURE SampleSP GO Let me know if you want me to share such back to basic tips. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Stored Procedure, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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  • SQL SERVER – ORDER BY ColumnName vs ORDER BY ColumnNumber

    - by pinaldave
    I strongly favor ORDER BY ColumnName. I read one of the blog post where blogger compared the performance of the two SELECT statement and come to conclusion that ColumnNumber has no harm to use it. Let us understand the point made by first that there is no performance difference. Run following two scripts together: USE AdventureWorks GO -- ColumnName (Recommended) SELECT * FROM HumanResources.Department ORDER BY GroupName, Name GO -- ColumnNumber (Strongly Not Recommended) SELECT * FROM HumanResources.Department ORDER BY 3,2 GO If you look at the result and see the execution plan you will see that both of the query will take the same amount of the time. However, this was not the point of this blog post. It is not good enough to stop here. We need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of both the methods. Case 1: When Not Using * and Columns are Re-ordered USE AdventureWorks GO -- ColumnName (Recommended) SELECT GroupName, Name, ModifiedDate, DepartmentID FROM HumanResources.Department ORDER BY GroupName, Name GO -- ColumnNumber (Strongly Not Recommended) SELECT GroupName, Name, ModifiedDate, DepartmentID FROM HumanResources.Department ORDER BY 3,2 GO Case 2: When someone changes the schema of the table affecting column order I will let you recreate the example for the same. If your development server where your schema is different than the production server, if you use ColumnNumber, you will get different results on the production server. Summary: When you develop the query it may not be issue but as time passes by and new columns are added to the SELECT statement or original table is re-ordered if you have used ColumnNumber it may possible that your query will start giving you unexpected results and incorrect ORDER BY. One should note that the usage of ORDER BY ColumnName vs ORDER BY ColumnNumber should not be done based on performance but usability and scalability. It is always recommended to use proper ORDER BY clause with ColumnName to avoid any confusion. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • When is the right time to join open source project for programmer?

    - by Mahesh
    Most of the newcomers in programming start with basic projects to start with programming. Most of the C++ progammers spend some time with puzzles and contests but this is not always helpful. Sometimes you've to spend some time on real projects. Starting your own open source project could be a problem in self-learning for newbie cause of lack of mentors and peers who can't look at your code and give suggestions. Open source projects can solve this problem, some projects could be best suited for new programmers. Besides everybody is newbie at some point. So i'll try and make this question a bit from beginners perspective. I tried few questions on stack overflow before asking this like How do i join & Bare minimum you need and how to get involved with open source and what level of programming etc. But this is not helping me when it comes to self-evaluating with skills. How to find that out ? How can i check what it takes to join open source project and am i really that comfortable with huge source code etc. My question is when to consider yourself comfortable joining open source programming ? I mean how will you test yourself that you're ready to take burden of big/small projects of open source ? how will you test yourself to see if you could work with version control/other programmers/tight schedule etc ?

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  • SQL SERVER – Index Created on View not Used Often – Observation of the View

    - by pinaldave
    I always enjoy writing about concepts on Views. Views are frequently used concepts, and so it’s not surprising that I have seen so many misconceptions about this subject. To clear such misconceptions, I have previously written the article SQL SERVER – The Limitations of the Views – Eleven and more…. I also wrote a follow up article wherein I demonstrated that without even creating index on the basic table, the query on the View will not use the View. You can read about this demonstration over here: SQL SERVER – Index Created on View not Used Often – Limitation of the View 12. I promised in that post that I would also write an article where I would demonstrate the condition where the Index will be used. I got many responses suggesting that I can do that with using NOEXPAND; I agree. I have already written about this in my original summary article. Here is a way for you to see how Index created on View can be utilized. We will do the following steps on this exercise: Create a Table Create a View Create Index On View Write SELECT with ORDER BY on View USE tempdb GO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.views WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[SampleView]')) DROP VIEW [dbo].[SampleView] GO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[mySampleTable]') AND TYPE IN (N'U')) DROP TABLE [dbo].[mySampleTable] GO -- Create SampleTable CREATE TABLE mySampleTable (ID1 INT, ID2 INT, SomeData VARCHAR(100)) INSERT INTO mySampleTable (ID1,ID2,SomeData) SELECT TOP 100000 ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY o1.name), ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY o2.name), o2.name FROM sys.all_objects o1 CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects o2 GO -- Create View CREATE VIEW SampleView WITH SCHEMABINDING AS SELECT ID1,ID2,SomeData FROM dbo.mySampleTable GO -- Create Index on View CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX [IX_ViewSample] ON [dbo].[SampleView] ( ID2 ASC ) GO -- Select from view SELECT ID1,ID2,SomeData FROM SampleView ORDER BY ID2 GO When we check the execution plan for this , we find it clearly that the Index created on the View is utilized. ORDER BY clause uses the Index created on the View. I hope this makes the puzzle simpler on how the Index is used on the View. Again, I strongly recommend reading my earlier series about the limitations of the Views found here: SQL SERVER – The Limitations of the Views – Eleven and more…. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL View, T SQL, Technology

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  • SQL SERVER – Saturday Fun Puzzle with SQL Server DATETIME2 and CAST

    - by pinaldave
    Note: I have used SQL Server 2012 for this small fun experiment. Here is what we are going to do. We will run the script one at time instead of running them all together and try to guess the answer. I am confident that many will get it correct but if you do not get correct, you learn something new. Let us create database and sample table. CREATE DATABASE DB2012 GO USE DB2012 GO CREATE TABLE TableDT (DT1 VARCHAR(100), DT2 DATETIME2, DT1C AS DT1, DT2C AS DT2); INSERT INTO TableDT (DT1, DT2) SELECT GETDATE(), GETDATE() GO There are four columns in the table. The first column DT1 is regular VARCHAR and second DT2 is DATETIME2. Both of the column are been populated with the same data as I have used the function GETDATE(). Now let us do the SELECT statement and get the result from both the columns. Before running the query please guess the answer and write it down on the paper or notepad. Question 1: Guess the resultset SELECT DT1, DT2 FROM TableDT GO Now once again run the select statement on the same table but this time retrieve the computed columns only. Once again I suggest you write down the result on the notepad. Question 2: Guess the resultset SELECT DT1C, DT2C FROM TableDT GO Now here is the best part. Let us use the CAST function over the computed columns. Here I do want you to stop and guess the answer for sure. If you have not done it so far, stop do it, believe me you will like it. Question 3: Guess the resultset SELECT CAST(DT1C AS DATETIME2) CDT1C, CAST(DT2C AS DATETIME2) CDT1C FROM TableDT GO Now let us inspect all the answers together and see how many of you got it correct. Answer 1: Answer 2: Answer 3:  If you have not tried to run the script so far, you can execute all the three of the above script together over here and see the result together. SELECT CAST(DT1C AS DATETIME2) CDT1C, CAST(DT2C AS DATETIME2) CDT1C FROM TableDT GO Here is the Saturday Fun question to you – why do we get same result from both of the expressions in Question 3, where as in question 2 both the expression have different answer. I will publish the valid answer with explanation in future blog posts. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL DateTime, SQL Puzzle, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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