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• Having problems with high CPU usage and apparent memory leak of Exim

  - by Dancrumb

  I'm having problems with my server and am hoping you can help. The culprit appears to be exim. The CPU usage is consistently high and the memory usage trends up and up and up for no apparent reason (this is not a heavily used server). To demonstrate the issue, I ran the following: root@server [/var/log]# service exim restart; for iter in `seq 0 9`; do date; top -n1 | grep exim; sleep 10; done Shutting down exim: [ OK ] Shutting down spamd: [ OK ] Starting exim: [ OK ] Sun Jun 6 18:12:07 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 11400 6572 2356 R 51.5 1.3 0:00.92 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:12:18 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 28768 23m 2356 R 57.4 4.6 0:06.75 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:12:28 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 36408 30m 2356 R 55.5 6.0 0:12.59 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:12:39 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 41396 35m 2356 R 53.5 7.0 0:18.35 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:12:49 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 45868 40m 2356 R 47.5 7.8 0:24.06 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:13:00 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 50056 44m 2356 R 55.3 8.6 0:29.84 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:13:10 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 53888 47m 2356 R 55.2 9.4 0:35.63 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:13:21 CDT 2010 62592 root 20 0 56920 50m 2356 R 55.3 9.9 0:41.15 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:13:31 CDT 2010 62592 root 25 0 60380 54m 2356 R 53.4 10.6 0:46.98 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim Sun Jun 6 18:13:42 CDT 2010 62592 root 22 0 63400 57m 2356 R 49.5 11.2 0:52.74 exim 62587 mailnull 18 0 7548 1212 792 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 exim 62588 root 18 0 7536 2052 1648 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 exim After some time, it gets to a rate of picking up an extra MB every 10s. I've checked the exim logs and there are no messages coming in there. exim -bV shows: Exim version 4.69 #1 built 16-Mar-2009 14:44:43 Copyright (c) University of Cambridge 2006 Berkeley DB: Sleepycat Software: Berkeley DB 4.2.52: (February 22, 2005) Support for: crypteq iconv() IPv6 PAM Perl OpenSSL Content_Scanning Old_Demime Experimental_SPF Experimental_SRS Experimental_DomainKeys Lookups: lsearch wildlsearch nwildlsearch iplsearch dbm dbmnz passwd Authenticators: cram_md5 dovecot plaintext spa Routers: accept dnslookup ipliteral manualroute queryprogram redirect Transports: appendfile/maildir autoreply pipe smtp Size of off_t: 8 Configuration file is /etc/exim.conf I'm at something of a loss as to how to proceed. Any recommendations would be well received!

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• asp.NET Dynamic Data Site and asp.NET MVC-2 site together

  - by loviji

  Hi, I have created firstly ASP.NET MVC 2. and write more functionality. After I create asp.NET Dynamic Data Site. now, when I click on run button in Visual Studio, mvc app. opened in browser as http://localhost:50062. and asp.NET Dynamic Data Site as http://localhost:58395/cms/. but i want to merge this app. in one. can I use asp.NET Dynamic Data Site and asp.NET MVC-2 at the same time?

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• Dynamic programming - Coin change decision problem?

  - by Tony

  I'm reviewing some old notes from my algorithms course and the dynamic programming problems are seeming a bit tricky to me. I have a problem where we have an unlimited supply of coins, with some denominations x1, x2, ... xn and we want to make change for some value X. We are trying to design a dynamic program to decide whether change for X can be made or not (not minimizing the number of coins, or returning which coins, just true or false). I've done some thinking about this problem, and I can see a recursive method of doing this where it's something like... MakeChange(X, x[1..n this is the coins]) for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if ( (X - x[i] ==0) || MakeChange(X - x[i]) ) return true; } return false; Converting this a dynamic program is not coming so easily to me. How might I approach this?

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• Dynamic attributes with Rails and Mongoid

  - by japancheese

  Hello, I'm learning MongoDB through the Mongoid Ruby gem with Rails (Rails 3 beta 3), and I'm trying to come up with a way to create dynamic attributes on a model based on fields from another model, which I thought a schema-less database would be a good choice for. So for example, I'd have the models: class Account include Mongoid::Document field :name, :type => String field :token, :type => String field :info_needed, :type => Array embeds_many :members end class Member include Mongoid::Document embedded_in :account, :inverse_of => :members end I'm looking to take the "info_needed" attribute of the Account model and created dynamic attributes on the Member model based on what's inside. If club.info_needed was ["first_name", "last_name"], I'm trying to create a form that would save first_name and last_name attributes to the Member model. However, upon practice, I just keep getting "undefined method first_name=" errors on the Member model when trying to do this. I know MongoDB can handle dynamic attributes per record, but how can I get Mongoid to do this without an undefined method error?

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• C# WPF application is using too much memory while GC.GetTotalMemory() is low

  - by Dmitry

  I wrote little WPF application with 2 threads - main thread is GUI thread and another thread is worker. App has one WPF form with some controls. There is a button, allowing to select directory. After selecting directory, application scans for .jpg files in that directory and checks if their thumbnails are in hashtable. if they are, it does nothing. else it's adding their full filenames to queue for worker. Worker is taking filenames from this queue, loading JPEG images (using WPF's JpegBitmapDecoder and BitmapFrame), making thumbnails of them (using WPF's TransformedBitmap) and adding them to hashtable. Everything works fine, except memory consumption by this application when making thumbnails for big images (like 5000x5000 pixels). I've added textboxes on my form to show memory consumption (GC.GetTotalMemory() and Process.GetCurrentProcess().PrivateMemorySize64) and was very surprised, cuz GC.GetTotalMemory() stays close to 1-2 Mbytes, while private memory size constantly grows, especially when loading new image (~ +100Mb per image). Even after loading all images, making thumbnails of them and freeing original images, private memory size stays at ~700-800Mbytes. My VirtualBox is limited to 512Mb of physical memory and Windows in VirtualBox starts to swap alot to handle this huge memory consumption. I guess I'm doing something wrong, but I don't know how to investigate this problem, cuz according to GC, allocated memory size is very low. Attaching code of thumbnail loader class: class ThumbnailLoader { Hashtable thumbnails; Queue<string> taskqueue; EventWaitHandle wh; Thread[] workers; bool stop; object locker; int width, height, processed, added; public ThumbnailLoader() { int workercount,i; wh = new AutoResetEvent(false); thumbnails = new Hashtable(); taskqueue = new Queue<string>(); stop = false; locker = new object(); width = height = 64; processed = added = 0; workercount = Environment.ProcessorCount; workers=new Thread[workercount]; for (i = 0; i < workercount; i++) { workers[i] = new Thread(Worker); workers[i].IsBackground = true; workers[i].Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest; workers[i].Start(); } } public void SetThumbnailSize(int twidth, int theight) { width = twidth; height = theight; if (thumbnails.Count!=0) AddTask("#resethash"); } public void GetProgress(out int Added, out int Processed) { Added = added; Processed = processed; } private void AddTask(string filename) { lock(locker) { taskqueue.Enqueue(filename); wh.Set(); added++; } } private string NextTask() { lock(locker) { if (taskqueue.Count == 0) return null; else { processed++; return taskqueue.Dequeue(); } } } public static string FileNameToHash(string s) { return FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(s, "MD5"); } public bool GetThumbnail(string filename,out BitmapFrame thumbnail) { string hash; hash = FileNameToHash(filename); if (thumbnails.ContainsKey(hash)) { thumbnail=(BitmapFrame)thumbnails[hash]; return true; } AddTask(filename); thumbnail = null; return false; } private BitmapFrame LoadThumbnail(string filename) { FileStream fs; JpegBitmapDecoder bd; BitmapFrame oldbf, bf; TransformedBitmap tb; double scale, dx, dy; fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open); bd = new JpegBitmapDecoder(fs, BitmapCreateOptions.None, BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad); oldbf = bd.Frames[0]; dx = (double)oldbf.Width / width; dy = (double)oldbf.Height / height; if (dx > dy) scale = 1 / dx; else scale = 1 / dy; tb = new TransformedBitmap(oldbf, new ScaleTransform(scale, scale)); bf = BitmapFrame.Create(tb); fs.Close(); oldbf = null; bd = null; GC.Collect(); return bf; } public void Dispose() { lock(locker) { stop = true; } AddTask(null); foreach (Thread worker in workers) { worker.Join(); } wh.Close(); } private void Worker() { string curtask,hash; while (!stop) { curtask = NextTask(); if (curtask == null) wh.WaitOne(); else { if (curtask == "#resethash") thumbnails.Clear(); else { hash = FileNameToHash(curtask); try { thumbnails[hash] = LoadThumbnail(curtask); } catch { thumbnails[hash] = null; } } } } } }

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• How to compare a memory bits in C++?

  - by Trunet

  Hi, I need help with a memory bit comparison function. I bought a LED Matrix here with 4 x HT1632C chips and I'm using it on my arduino mega2560. There're no code available for this chipset(it's not the same as HT1632) and I'm writing on my own. I have a plot function that get x,y coordinates and a color and that pixel turn on. Only this is working perfectly. But I need more performance on my display so I tried to make a shadowRam variable that is a "copy" of my device memory. Before I plot anything on display it checks on shadowRam to see if it's really necessary to change that pixel. When I enabled this(getShadowRam) on plot function my display has some, just SOME(like 3 or 4 on entire display) ghost pixels(pixels that is not supposed to be turned on). If I just comment the prev_color if's on my plot function it works perfectly. Also, I'm cleaning my shadowRam array setting all matrix to zero. variables: #define BLACK 0 #define GREEN 1 #define RED 2 #define ORANGE 3 #define CHIP_MAX 8 byte shadowRam[63][CHIP_MAX-1] = {0}; getShadowRam function: byte HT1632C::getShadowRam(byte x, byte y) { byte addr, bitval, nChip; if (x>=32) { nChip = 3 + x/16 + (y>7?2:0); } else { nChip = 1 + x/16 + (y>7?2:0); } bitval = 8>>(y&3); x = x % 16; y = y % 8; addr = (x<<1) + (y>>2); if ((shadowRam[addr][nChip-1] & bitval) && (shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1] & bitval)) { return ORANGE; } else if (shadowRam[addr][nChip-1] & bitval) { return GREEN; } else if (shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1] & bitval) { return RED; } else { return BLACK; } } plot function: void HT1632C::plot (int x, int y, int color) { if (x<0 || x>X_MAX || y<0 || y>Y_MAX) return; if (color != BLACK && color != GREEN && color != RED && color != ORANGE) return; char addr, bitval; byte nChip; byte prev_color = HT1632C::getShadowRam(x,y); bitval = 8>>(y&3); if (x>=32) { nChip = 3 + x/16 + (y>7?2:0); } else { nChip = 1 + x/16 + (y>7?2:0); } x = x % 16; y = y % 8; addr = (x<<1) + (y>>2); switch(color) { case BLACK: if (prev_color != BLACK) { // compare with memory to only set if pixel is other color // clear the bit in both planes; shadowRam[addr][nChip-1] &= ~bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr, shadowRam[addr][nChip-1]); shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1] &= ~bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr+32, shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1]); } break; case GREEN: if (prev_color != GREEN) { // compare with memory to only set if pixel is other color // set the bit in the green plane and clear the bit in the red plane; shadowRam[addr][nChip-1] |= bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr, shadowRam[addr][nChip-1]); shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1] &= ~bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr+32, shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1]); } break; case RED: if (prev_color != RED) { // compare with memory to only set if pixel is other color // clear the bit in green plane and set the bit in the red plane; shadowRam[addr][nChip-1] &= ~bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr, shadowRam[addr][nChip-1]); shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1] |= bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr+32, shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1]); } break; case ORANGE: if (prev_color != ORANGE) { // compare with memory to only set if pixel is other color // set the bit in both the green and red planes; shadowRam[addr][nChip-1] |= bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr, shadowRam[addr][nChip-1]); shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1] |= bitval; HT1632C::sendData(nChip, addr+32, shadowRam[addr+32][nChip-1]); } break; } } If helps: The datasheet of board I'm using. On page 7 has the memory mapping I'm using. Also, I have a video of display working.

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• how to make dynamic xaml in silverlight

  - by lina

  Good day! I want to make a form - a set of questions with different answer types: some questions have a number of answers and you can check one of the answers using radiobutton, other questions you should answer using a textbox, some answers have a datetime type and you choose answer for them using a DatePicker and so on. I get all information about the questions and answer types from a WCF service. I want to make this form using making a dynamic xaml but i've naver made dynamic xaml and I don't know exactly how to make it. Please, can you give me a council about dynamic xaml or maybe you have any other ideas about how to make this form? Thank you.

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• how to create local dynamic varables

  - by xielingyun

  this is my code, i want to use eval() to get the rule status and eval() nead local varables, there is many classes inherit class base, so i should to rewrite get_stat() in every class.i just want to avoid this, an idea is to create dynamic varables in get_stat(),eg. in class b it dynamic create var a and b how to create dynamic varables in function? or any other way to avoid this stupid idea i use python 3.2.3, locals() does not work class base(object): def check(self): stat = get_stat() def get_stat(self): pass class b(base): rule = 'a > 5 and b < 3' a = 0 b = 0 def update_data(self, a, b): self.a = a self.b = b def get_stat(self): a = self.a b = self.b return eval(rule) class b(base): rule = 'd > 5 and e < 3' d = 0 e = 0 def update_data(self, d, e): self.d = d self.e = e def get_stat(self): d = self.d e = self.e return eval(rule)

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• Lua metatable Objects cannot be purge from memory?

  - by Prometheus3k

  Hi there, I'm using a proprietary platform that reported memory usage in realtime on screen. I decided to use a Class.lua I found on http://lua-users.org/wiki/SimpleLuaClasses However, I noticed memory issues when purging object created by this using a simple Account class. Specifically, I would start with say 146k of memory used, create 1000 objects of a class that just holds an integer instance variable and store each object into a table. The memory used is now 300k I would then exit, iterating through the table and setting each element in the table to nil. But would never get back the 146k, usually after this I am left using 210k or something similar. If I run the load sequence again during the same session, it does not exceed 300k so it is not a memory leak. I have tried creating 1000 integers in a table and setting these to nil, which does give me back 146k. In addition I've tried a simpler class file (Account2.lua) that doesn't rely on a class.lua. This still incurs memory fragmentation but not as much as the one that uses Class.lua Can anybody explain what is going on here? How can I purge these objects and get back the memory? here is the code --------Class.lua------ -- class.lua -- Compatible with Lua 5.1 (not 5.0). --http://lua-users.org/wiki/SimpleLuaClasses function class(base,ctor) local c = {} -- a new class instance if not ctor and type(base) == 'function' then ctor = base base = nil elseif type(base) == 'table' then -- our new class is a shallow copy of the base class! for i,v in pairs(base) do c[i] = v end c._base = base end -- the class will be the metatable for all its objects, -- and they will look up their methods in it. c.__index = c -- expose a ctor which can be called by () local mt = {} mt.__call = function(class_tbl,...) local obj = {} setmetatable(obj,c) if ctor then ctor(obj,...) else -- make sure that any stuff from the base class is initialized! if base and base.init then base.init(obj,...) end end return obj end c.init = ctor c.instanceOf = function(self,klass) local m = getmetatable(self) while m do if m == klass then return true end m = m._base end return false end setmetatable(c,mt) return c end --------Account.lua------ --Import Class template require 'class' local classname = "Account" --Declare class Constructor Account = class(function(acc,balance) --Instance variables declared here. if(balance ~= nil)then acc.balance = balance else --default value acc.balance = 2097 end acc.classname = classname end) --------Account2.lua------ local account2 = {} account2.classname = "unnamed" account2.balance = 2097 -----------Constructor 1 do local metatable = { __index = account2; } function Account2() return setmetatable({}, metatable); end end --------Main.lua------ require 'Account' require 'Account2' MAX_OBJ = 5000; test_value = 1000; Obj_Table = {}; MODE_ACC0 = 0 --integers MODE_ACC1 = 1 --Account MODE_ACC2 = 2 --Account2 TEST_MODE = MODE_ACC0; Lua_mem = ""; print("##1) collectgarbage('count'): " .. collectgarbage('count')); function Load() for i=1, MAX_OBJ do if(TEST_MODE == MODE_ACC0 )then table.insert(Obj_Table, test_value); elseif(TEST_MODE == MODE_ACC1 )then table.insert(Obj_Table, Account(test_value)); --Account.lua elseif(TEST_MODE == MODE_ACC2 )then table.insert(Obj_Table, Account2()); --Account2.lua Obj_Table[i].balance = test_value; end end print("##2) collectgarbage('count'): " .. collectgarbage('count')); end function Purge() --metatable purge if(TEST_MODE ~= MODE_ACC0)then --purge stage 0: print("set each elements metatable to nil") for i=1, MAX_OBJ do setmetatable(Obj_Table[i], nil); end end --purge stage 1: print("set table element to nil") for i=1, MAX_OBJ do Obj_Table[i] = nil; end --purge stage 2: print("start table.remove..."); for i=1, MAX_OBJ do table.remove(Obj_Table, i); end print("...end table.remove"); --purge stage 3: print("create new object_table {}"); Obj_Table= {}; --purge stage 4: print("collectgarbage('collect')"); collectgarbage('collect'); print("##3) collectgarbage('count'): " .. collectgarbage('count')); end --Loop callback function OnUpdate() collectgarbage('collect'); Lua_mem = collectgarbage('count'); end ------------------- --NOTE: --On start of game runs Load(), another runs Purge() --Update I've updated the code with suggestions from comments below, and will post my findings later today.

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• Pass dynamic data to mvc controller with AJAX

  - by Yustme

  How can I pass dynamic data with an AJAX call to an MVC Controller? Controller: public JsonResult ApplyFilters(dynamic filters){ return null; } The AJAX call: $(':checkbox').click(function (event) { var serviceIds = $('input[type="checkbox"]:checked').map(function () { return $(this).val(); }).toArray(); //alert(serviceIds); $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: '/home/ApplyFilters', data: JSON.stringify({ name: serviceIds }), contentType: 'application/json', success: function (data) { alert("succeeded"); }, error: function (err, data) { alert("Error " + err.responseText); } }); //return false; }); Ideally would be that the filters would contain the serviceIds as a property For example like this: filters.ServiceIds. I got another filter for a date range and that one would be added like so: filters.DateRange. And server side get the filter as a dynamic object in the ApplyFilters()

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• Error in Using Dynamic Data Entities WebSite in VS2012

  - by amin behzadi

  I decided to use Dynamic Data Entities website in vs2012. So, I created this website,then added App_Code directory and added a new edmx to it and named it myDB.edmx. After that I uncommented the code line in global.asax which registers the entity context : DefaultModel.RegisterContext(typeof(myDBEntities), new ContextConfiguration() { ScaffoldAllTables = true }); But when I run the website this error occurs : The context type 'myDBEntities' is not supported. how can I fix it? p.s: You now there are some differences between using L2S by Dynamic Data L2S website AND using entity framework by Dynamic Data Entities website.

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• Quantifying the Performance of Garbage Collection vs. Explicit Memory Management

  - by EmbeddedProg

  I found this article here: Quantifying the Performance of Garbage Collection vs. Explicit Memory Management http://www.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/gcvsmalloc.pdf In the conclusion section, it reads: Comparing runtime, space consumption, and virtual memory footprints over a range of benchmarks, we show that the runtime performance of the best-performing garbage collector is competitive with explicit memory management when given enough memory. In particular, when garbage collection has five times as much memory as required, its runtime performance matches or slightly exceeds that of explicit memory management. However, garbage collection’s performance degrades substantially when it must use smaller heaps. With three times as much memory, it runs 17% slower on average, and with twice as much memory, it runs 70% slower. Garbage collection also is more susceptible to paging when physical memory is scarce. In such conditions, all of the garbage collectors we examine here suffer order-of-magnitude performance penalties relative to explicit memory management. So, if my understanding is correct: if I have an app written in native C++ requiring 100 MB of memory, to achieve the same performance with a "managed" (i.e. garbage collector based) language (e.g. Java, C#), the app should require 5*100 MB = 500 MB? (And with 2*100 MB = 200 MB, the managed app would run 70% slower than the native app?) Do you know if current (i.e. latest Java VM's and .NET 4.0's) garbage collectors suffer the same problems described in the aforementioned article? Has the performance of modern garbage collectors improved? Thanks.

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• dynamic? I'll never use that ... or then again, maybe it could ...

  - by adweigert

  So, I don't know about you, but I was highly skeptical of the dynamic keywork when it was announced. I thought to myself, oh great, just another move towards VB compliance. Well after seeing it being used in things like DynamicXml (which I use for this example) I then was working with a MVC controller and wanted to move some things like operation timeout of an action to a configuration file. Thinking big picture, it'd be really nice to have configuration for all my controllers like that. Ugh, I don't want to have to create all those ConfigurationElement objects... So, I started thinking self, use what you know and do something cool ... Well after a bit of zoning out, self came up with use a dynamic object duh! I was thinking of a config like this ...<controllers> <add type="MyApp.Web.Areas.ComputerManagement.Controllers.MyController, MyApp.Web"> <detail timeout="00:00:30" /> </add> </controllers> So, I ended up with a couple configuration classes like this ...blic abstract class DynamicConfigurationElement : ConfigurationElement { protected DynamicConfigurationElement() { this.DynamicObject = new DynamicConfiguration(); } public DynamicConfiguration DynamicObject { get; private set; } protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedAttribute(string name, string value) { this.DynamicObject.Add(name, value); return true; } protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedElement(string elementName, XmlReader reader) { this.DynamicObject.Add(elementName, new DynamicXml((XElement)XElement.ReadFrom(reader))); return true; } } public class ControllerConfigurationElement : DynamicConfigurationElement { [ConfigurationProperty("type", Options = ConfigurationPropertyOptions.IsRequired | ConfigurationPropertyOptions.IsKey)] public string TypeName { get { return (string)this["type"]; } } public Type Type { get { return Type.GetType(this.TypeName, true); } } } public class ControllerConfigurationElementCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection { protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement() { return new ControllerConfigurationElement(); } protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element) { return ((ControllerConfigurationElement)element).Type; } } And then had to create the meat of the DynamicConfiguration class which looks like this ...public class DynamicConfiguration : DynamicObject { private Dictionary<string, object> properties = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase); internal void Add<T>(string name, T value) { this.properties.Add(name, value); } public override bool TryGetMember(GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { var propertyName = binder.Name; result = null; if (this.properties.ContainsKey(propertyName)) { result = this.properties[propertyName]; } return true; } } So all being said, I made a base controller class like a good little MVC-itizen ...public abstract class BaseController : Controller { protected BaseController() : base() { var configuration = ManagementConfigurationSection.GetInstance(); var controllerConfiguration = configuration.Controllers.ForType(this.GetType()); if (controllerConfiguration != null) { this.Configuration = controllerConfiguration.DynamicObject; } } public dynamic Configuration { get; private set; } } And used it like this ...public class MyController : BaseController { static readonly string DefaultDetailTimeout = TimeSpan.MaxValue.ToString(); public MyController() { this.DetailTimeout = TimeSpan.Parse(this.Configuration.Detail.Timeout ?? DefaultDetailTimeout); } public TimeSpan DetailTimeout { get; private set; } } And there I have an actual use for the dynamic keyword ... never thoguht I'd see the day when I first heard of it as I don't do much COM work ... oh dont' forget this little helper extension methods to find the controller configuration by the controller type.public static ControllerConfigurationElement ForType<T>(this ControllerConfigurationElementCollection collection) { Contract.Requires(collection != null); return ForType(collection, typeof(T)); } public static ControllerConfigurationElement ForType(this ControllerConfigurationElementCollection collection, Type type) { Contract.Requires(collection != null); Contract.Requires(type != null); return collection.Cast<ControllerConfigurationElement>().Where(element => element.Type == type).SingleOrDefault(); } Sure, it isn't perfect and I'm sure I can tweak it over time, but I thought it was a pretty cool way to take advantage of the dynamic keyword functionality. Just remember, it only validates you did it right at runtime, which isn't that bad ... is it? And yes, I did make it case-insensitive so my code didn't have to look like my XML objects, tweak it to your liking if you dare to use this creation.

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• Stack , data and address space limits on an Ubuntu server

  - by PaulDaviesC

  I am running an Ubuntu server which has around 5000 users. The users are allowed to SSH in to the system. So in order to cap the memory used up by a process I have capped the address space limits using limits.conf. So my question is , should I be limiting the data and stack ? I feel that is not required since I am capping address space. Are there any pitfalls if I do not cap the stack and data limits?

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• High RAM usage, not seen in task manager

  - by r4dk0

  Hi! I am using Windows 7 64-bit 7600, with 4Gb of RAM. I have a serious problem, since something uses a lot of RAM(3.94Gb) and I see "stairs" in taskmanager, it rises to +3Gb RAM and it drops to about 2Gb and then rises slowly again, and suddenly drops. I tryed installing this version again and other versions, newer ones, but no effect. Ive even tryed disconnecting other harddrives while I installed it, and then installed NOD32 and updated it. How could I know what is using that much RAM? P.S.: I was suspecting superfetch service, I disabled it, restarted pc, and it didnt work, since the memory is the highest point when I login with password, it is really annoying since I need about 1minute to see my desktop, neither alone try anything else. After loging in it slowly drops and after random time it starts rising again. That doesnt happen immediately after a fresh windows install. And how the drivers go, I tryed older drivers for GPU, and newest ones.

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• High RAM usage, not seen in task manager

  - by r4dk0

  Hi! I am using Windows 7 64-bit 7600, with 4Gb of RAM. I have a serious problem, since something uses a lot of RAM(3.94Gb) and I see "stairs" in taskmanager, it rises to +3Gb RAM and it drops to about 2Gb and then rises slowly again, and suddenly drops. I tryed installing this version again and other versions, newer ones, but no effect. Ive even tryed disconnecting other harddrives while I installed it, and then installed NOD32 and updated it. How could I know what is using that much RAM? P.S.: I was suspecting superfetch service, I disabled it, restarted pc, and it didnt work, since the memory is the highest point when I login with password, it is really annoying since I need about 1minute to see my desktop, neither alone try anything else. After loging in it slowly drops and after random time it starts rising again. That doesnt happen immediately after a fresh windows install. And how the drivers go, I tryed older drivers for GPU, and newest ones.

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• Problem with using malloc in link lists (urgent ! help please)

  - by Abhinav

  I've been working on this program for five months now. Its a real time application of a sensor network. I create several link lists during the life of the program and Im using malloc for creating a new node in the link. What happens is that the program suddenly stops or goes crazy and restarts. Im using AVR and the microcontroller is ATMEGA 1281. After a lot of debugging I figured out that that the malloc is causing the problem. I do not free the memory after exiting the function that creates a new link so Im guessing that this is eventually causing the heap memory to overflow or something like that. Now if I use the free() function to deallocate the memory at the end of the function using malloc, the program just gets stuck when the control reaches free(). Is this because the memory becomes too clustered after calling free() ? I also create reference tables for example if 'head' is a new link list and I create another list called current and make it equal to head. table *head; table *current = head; After the end of the function if I use free free(current); current = NULL: Then the program gets stuck here. I dont know what to do. What am I doing wrong? Is there a way to increase the size of the heap memory Please help...

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• Pointer Implementation Details in C

  - by Will Bickford

  I would like to know architectures which violate the assumptions I've listed below. Also I would like to know if any of the assumptions are false for all architectures (i.e. if any of them are just completely wrong). sizeof(int *) == sizeof(char *) == sizeof(void *) == sizeof(func_ptr *) The in-memory representation of all pointers for a given architecture is the same regardless of the data type pointed to. The in-memory representation of a pointer is the same as an integer of the same bit length as the architecture. Multiplication and division of pointer data types are only forbidden by the compiler. NOTE: Yes I know this is nonsensical. What I mean is - is there hardware support to forbid this incorrect usage? All pointer values can be casted to a single integer. In other words, what architectures still make use of segments and offsets? Incrementing a pointer is equivalent to adding sizeof(the pointed data type) to the memory address stored by the pointer. If p is an int32* then p+1 is equal to the memory address 4 bytes after p. I'm most used to pointers being used in a contiguous, virtual memory space. For that usage, I can generally get by thinking of them as addresses on a number line. See (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1350471/pointer-comparison/1350488#1350488).

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• read-only memory and heap memory

  - by benjamin button

  hi, AFAIK, string literals are stored in read only memory in case of C language. where is this actually present on the hardware. as per my knowledge heap is on RAM.correct me if i am wrong. how different is heap from read only memory? is it OS dependant?

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• iPhone memory management

  - by Prazi

  I am newbie to iPhone programming. I am not using Interface Builder in my programming. I have some doubt about memory management, @property topics in iPhone. Consider the following code @interface LoadFlag : UIViewController { UIImage *flag; UIImageView *preview; } @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImageView *preview; @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage *flag; @implementation @synthesize preview; @synthesize flag; - (void)viewDidLoad { flag = [UIImage imageNamed:@"myImage.png"]]; NSLog(@"Preview: %d\n",[preview retainCount]); //Count: 0 but shouldn't it be 1 as I am retaining it in @property in interface file preview=[[UIImageView alloc]init]; NSLog(@"Count: %d\n",[preview retainCount]); //Count: 1 preview.frame=CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f); preview.image = flag; [self.view addSubview:preview]; NSLog(@"Count: %d\n",[preview retainCount]); //Count: 2 [preview release]; NSLog(@"Count: %d\n",[preview retainCount]); //Count: 1 } When & Why(what is the need) do I have to set @property with retain (in above case for UIImage & UIImageView) ? I saw this statement in many sample programs but didn't understood the need of it. When I declare @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImageView *preview; statement the retain Count is 0. Why doesn't it increase by 1 inspite of retaining it in @property. Also when I declare [self.view addSubview:preview]; then retain Count increments by 1 again. In this case does the "Autorelease pool" releases for us later or we have to take care of releasing it. I am not sure but I think that the Autorelease should handle it as we didn't explicitly retained it so why should we worry of releasing it. Now, after the [preview release]; statement my count is 1. Now I don't need UIImageView anymore in my program so when and where should I release it so that the count becomes 0 and the memory gets deallocated. Again, I am not sure but I think that the Autorelease should handle it as we didn't explicitly retained it so why should we worry of releasing it. What will happen if I release it in -(void) dealloc method In the statement - flag = [UIImage imageNamed:@"myImage.png"]]; I haven't allocated any memory to flag but how can I still use it in my program. In this case if I do not allocate memory then who allocates & deallocates memory to it or is the "flag" just a reference pointing to - [UIImage imageNamed:@"myImage.png"]];. If it is a reference only then do i need to release it. Thanks in advance.

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• ARC, worth it or not?

  - by MSK

  When I moved to Objective C (iOS) from C++ (and little Java) I had hard time understanding memory management in iOS. But now all this seems natural and I know retain, autorelease, copy and release stuff. After reading about ARC, I am wondering is there more benefits of using ARC or it is just that you dont have to worry about memory management. Before moving to ARC I wanted to know how worth is moving to ARC. XCode has "Convert to Objective C ARC" menu. Is the conversion is that simple (nothing to worry about)? Does it help me in reducing my apps memory foot-print, memory leaks etc (somehow ?) Does it has much testing impact on my apps ? What are non-obvious advantages? Any Disadvantage os moving to it?

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• Linux configurations that would affect Java memory usage?

  - by wmacura

  Hi, Background: I have a set of java background workers I start as part of my webapp. I develop locally on Ubuntu 10.10 and deploy to an Ubuntu 10.04LTS server (a media temple (ve) instance). They're both running the same JVM: Sun JVM 1.6.0_22-b04. As part of the initialization script each worker is started with explicit Xmx, Xms, and XX:MaxPermGen settings. Yet somehow locally all 10 workers use 250MB, while on the server they use more than 2.7GB. I don't know how to begin to track this down. I thought the Ubuntu (and thus, kernel) version might make a difference, but I tried an old 10.04 VM and it behaves as expected. I've noticed that the machine does not seem to ever use memory for buffer or cache (according to htop), which seems a bit strange, but perhaps normal for a server? (edited) Some info: (server) root@devel:/app/axir/target# uname -a Linux devel 2.6.18-028stab069.5 #1 SMP Tue May 18 17:26:16 MSD 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux (local) wiktor@beastie:~$ uname -a Linux beastie 2.6.35-25-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 21 17:40:44 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux (edited) Comparing PS output: (ps -eo "ppid,pid,cmd,rss,sz,vsz") PPID PID CMD RSS SZ VSZ (local) 1588 1615 java -cp axir-distribution. 25484 234382 937528 1615 1631 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 83472 163059 652236 1615 1657 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 70624 89135 356540 1615 1658 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 37652 77625 310500 1615 1669 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 38096 77733 310932 1615 1675 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 37420 61395 245580 1615 1684 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 38000 77736 310944 1615 1703 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 39180 78060 312240 1615 1712 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 38488 93882 375528 1615 1719 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 38312 77874 311496 1615 1726 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 38656 77958 311832 1615 1727 java -cp /home/wiktor/Code/ 78016 89429 357716 (server) 22522 23560 java -cp axir-distribution. 24860 285196 1140784 23560 23585 java -cp /app/axir/target/a 100764 161629 646516 23560 23667 java -cp /app/axir/target/a 72408 92682 370728 23560 23670 java -cp /app/axir/target/a 39948 97671 390684 23560 23674 java -cp /app/axir/target/a 40140 81586 326344 23560 23739 java -cp /app/axir/target/a 39688 81542 326168 They look very similar. In fact, the question now is why, if I add up the virtual memory usage on the server (3.2GB) does it more closely reflect 2.4GB of memory used (according to free), yet locally the virtual memory used adds up to a much more substantial 4.7GB but only actually uses ~250MB. It seems that perhaps memory isn't being shared as aggressively. (if that's even possible) Thank you for your help, Wiktor

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• New 64 bit linux system has regular processes (ps, grep etc) taking up way too much VIRT mem

  - by user42980

  We just moved from a 32-bit machine to a 64-bit machine. We have quickly ran out of memory despite the new boxes have twice as much ram as the old boxes. Running a simple ps command will illustrate the problem. New machine: 132 prod-Charlotte1-node1 ~/public_html/rearch/cgi-bin ps aux | grep ps root 293 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< May09 0:00 [kpsmoused] xamine 2267 1.0 0.0 63728 928 pts/3 R+ 16:50 0:00 ps aux xamine 2268 0.0 0.0 61172 752 pts/3 S+ 16:50 0:00 grep ps Old machine: 132 prod-116431-node1:/home/xamine ps aux | grep ps xamine 23191 0.0 0.0 2332 768 pts/6 R+ 15:41 0:00 ps aux xamine 23192 0.0 0.0 3668 692 pts/6 S+ 15:41 0:00 grep ps Notice that the ps process is using 63M of VIRT mem vs 2 on the old machine. New Machine: Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Carthage) Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga) Old Machine: Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant Update 4) Thanks for any thoughts you have!

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• Any dangers in using DDR memory with a higher frequency than the FSB?

  - by raw_noob

  I'm looking to upgrade memory in an older motherboard. The processor is an AMD Sempron 2500+ with a maximum speed of 333/166MHz. The motherboard is an MSI MS-7061 (KV3M-V), which accepts up to 2Gb of DDR memory maximum PC2700 in 2 slots and has a maximum FSB of 333MHz. The board does not have dual-channel support. Existing memory includes a stick of 512Mb PC3200, which seems to be running OK (presumably at PC2700) but is rated 200MHz, which is below the FSB speed. The other stick is 256Mb PC2100/133MHz, again below the FSB speed. (All figures from CPU-Z.) I have a chance to acquire a single used stick of PC3200/400MHz memory very cheaply. Crucial's system scanner seems to suggest that this will be OK with my system, but other sites have suggested that running memory with a higher frequency than the FSB can cause instability. Is this true? Would I be better waiting until I can buy the correct PC2700/333MHz stick? I'm assuming that the mixed memory I have at present is running as 768Mb at 133MHz. Is this a reasonable assumption? If so, would you expect the performance differences between 768Mb/133MHz and 1Gb/333MHz to be very noticeable? If I install the new 1Gb/400 or 333MHz stick in slot 1, am I right in thinking that adding back the existing 512Mb/200MHz stick in slot 2 would pull the whole 1.5Gb system memory speed down to 200MHz? If so, which would be better - 1.5Gb/200MHz, or the single 1Gb stick at the full 333MHz that the FSB permits? Is more headroom more important than extra speed? Any help - or even opinions - gratefully received. I can't find reliable information, and I can't afford to make expensive mistakes.

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• Why does my Windows 8 Pro Hyper-V guest have no internet?

  - by Perplexed

  Trying to get this working on my Windows 8 Pro machine. I created an External Switch Assigned the newly available adapter to a Guest machine with Win 2008 os. My host has internet connection. Host can ping Guest, Guest cannot ping Host. Guest has no internet connection. Pasting the IP of both host and guest. HOST ========================== Ethernet adapter vEthernet (EXTSW01): Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Hyper-V Virtual Ethernet Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 9C-B7-0F-0F-D7-D0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5434:a9fd:8611:d207%54(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.15(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, September 8, 2012 12:34:44 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, September 15, 2012 12:34:44 PM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 916240141 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-DC-C9-2C-9C-B7-0D-0D-D7-D0 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 64.71.255.999 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled GUEST ========================== Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual Machine Bus Network Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-15-5D-3F-0F-00 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::953f:ec5c:5d84:1b50%11(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.20(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 0.0.0.0 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 234886493 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-DD-2F-29-0F-15-5E-00-0F-00 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : ::1 127.0.0.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

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