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• Unity and Object Creation

  - by William

  I am using unity as my IoC container. I am trying to implement a type of IProviderRepository. The concrete implementation has a constructor that accepts a type of IRepository. When I remove the constructor parameter from the concrete implementation everything works fine. I am sure the container is wired correctly. When I try to create the concrete object with the constructor I receive the following error: "The current build operation (build key Build Key[EMRGen.Infrastructure.Data.IRepository1[EMRGen.Model.Provider.Provider], null]) failed: The current type, EMRGen.Infrastructure.Data.IRepository1[EMRGen.Model.Provider.Provider], is an interface and cannot be constructed. Are you missing a type mapping? (Strategy type BuildPlanStrategy, index 3)". Is it possible to achieve the above mention functionality with Unity? Namely have Unity infer a concrete type from the Interface and also inject the constructor of the concrete type with the appropriate concrete object based on constructor parameters. Below is sample of my types defined in Unity and a skeleton class listing for what I want to achieve. IProviderRepository is implemented by ProviderRepository which has a constructor that expects a type of IRepository. <typeAlias alias="ProviderRepositoryInterface" type="EMRGen.Model.Provider.IProviderRepository, EMRGen.Model" /> <typeAlias alias="ProviderRepositoryConcrete" type="EMRGen.Infrastructure.Repositories.Providers.ProviderRepository, EMRGen.Infrastructure.Repositories" /> <typeAlias alias="ProviderGenericRepositoryInterface" type="EMRGen.Infrastructure.Data.IRepository`1[[EMRGen.Model.Provider.IProvider, EMRGen.Model]], EMRGen.Infrastructure" /> <typeAlias alias="ProviderGenericRepositoryConcrete" type="EMRGen.Infrastructure.Repositories.EntityFramework.ApplicationRepository`1[[EMRGen.Model.Provider.Provider, EMRGen.Model]], EMRGen.Infrastructure.Repositories" /> <!-- Provider Mapping--> <typeAlias alias="ProviderInterface" type="EMRGen.Model.Provider.IProvider, EMRGen.Model" /> <typeAlias alias="ProviderConcrete" type="EMRGen.Model.Provider.Doctor, EMRGen.Model" /> //Illustrate the call being made inside my class public class PrescriptionService { PrescriptionService() { IUnityContainer uc = UnitySingleton.Instance.Container; UnityServiceLocator unityServiceLocator = new UnityServiceLocator(uc); ServiceLocator.SetLocatorProvider(() => unityServiceLocator); IProviderRepository pRepository = ServiceLocator.Current.GetInstance<IProviderRepository>(); } } public class GenericRepository<IProvider> : IRepository<IProvider> { } public class ProviderRepository : IProviderRepository { private IRepository<IProvider> _genericProviderRepository; //Explict public default constructor public ProviderRepository(IRepository<IProvider> genericProviderRepository) { _genericProviderRepository = genericProviderRepository; } }

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• Dependency Injection book recommendation(s)

  - by Portman

  It seems like there are very few books (yes, I read books) on Dependency Injection. The Amazon tag for "dependency injection" lists only a few titles, and all of them are specifically about Spring for Java. Are there any books out there that cover DI/IoC in general? Or any that include a survey of multiple DI frameworks? Or any that cover .NET in lieu of or in addition to Java? Or do we have to rely on this newfangled interweb instead of dead trees...

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• Keeping the DI-container usage in the composition root in Silverlight and MVVM

  - by adrian hara

  It's not quite clear to me how I can design so I keep the reference to the DI-container in the composition root for a Silverlight + MVVM application. I have the following simple usage scenario: there's a main view (perhaps a list of items) and an action to open an edit view for one single item. So the main view has to create and show the edit view when the user takes the action (e.g. clicks some button). For this I have the following code: public interface IView { IViewModel ViewModel {get; set;} } Then, for each view that I need to be able to create I have an abstract factory, like so public interface ISomeViewFactory { IView CreateView(); } This factory is then declared a dependency of the "parent" view model, like so: public class SomeParentViewModel { public SomeParentViewModel(ISomeViewFactory viewFactory) { // store it } private void OnSomeUserAction() { IView view = viewFactory.CreateView(); dialogService.ShowDialog(view); } } So all is well until here, no DI-container in sight :). Now comes the implementation of ISomeViewFactory: public class SomeViewFactory : ISomeViewFactory { public IView CreateView() { IView view = new SomeView(); view.ViewModel = ???? } } The "????" part is my problem, because the view model for the view needs to be resolved from the DI-container so it gets its dependencies injected. What I don't know is how I can do this without having a dependency to the DI-container anywhere except the composition root. One possible solution would be to have either a dependency on the view model that gets injected into the factory, like so: public class SomeViewFactory : ISomeViewFactory { public SomeViewFactory(ISomeViewModel viewModel) { // store it } public IView CreateView() { IView view = new SomeView(); view.ViewModel = viewModel; } } While this works, it has the problem that since the whole object graph is wired up "statically" (i.e. the "parent" view model will get an instance of SomeViewFactory, which will get an instance of SomeViewModel, and these will live as long as the "parent" view model lives), the injected view model implementation is stateful and if the user opens the child view twice, the second time the view model will be the same instance and have the state from before. I guess I could work around this with an "Initialize" method or something similar, but it doesn't smell quite right. Another solution might be to wrap the DI-container and have the factories depend on the wrapper, but it'd still be a DI-container "in disguise" there :) Any thoughts on this are greatly appreciated. Also, please forgive any mistakes or rule-breaking, since this is my first post on stackoverflow :) Thanks! ps: my current solution is that the factories know about the DI-container, and it's only them and the composition root that have this dependency.

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• Linq to SQL DataContext Windsor IoC memory leak problem

  - by Mr. Flibble

  I have an ASP.NET MVC app that creates a Linq2SQL datacontext on a per-web-request basis using Castler Windsor IoC. For some reason that I do not fully understand, every time a new datacontext is created (on every web request) about 8k of memory is taken up and not released - which inevitably causes an OutOfMemory exception. If I force garbage collection the memory is released OK. My datacontext class is very simple: public class DataContextAccessor : IDataContextAccessor { private readonly DataContext dataContext; public DataContextAccessor(string connectionString) { dataContext = new DataContext(connectionString); } public DataContext DataContext { get { return dataContext; } } } The Windsor IoC webconfig to instantiate this looks like so: <component id="DataContextAccessor" service="DomainModel.Repositories.IDataContextAccessor, DomainModel" type="DomainModel.Repositories.DataContextAccessor, DomainModel" lifestyle="PerWebRequest"> <parameters> <connectionString> ... </connectionString> </parameters> </component> Does anyone know what the problem is, and how to fix it?

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• Whats ResolveAll do

  - by vdhant

  Hi guys Just a quick one. In IOC's what does ResolveAll do?? I know that the offical answer is "Resolve all valid components that match this type." but does that mean that it will return any class that implements a given interface? Cheers Anthony

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• IoC and dataContext disposing in asp.net mvc 2 application

  - by zerkms

  I have the Global.asax like the code below: public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { // .... } protected void Application_Start() { AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(typeof(IOCControllerFactory)); } } public class IOCControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { private readonly IKernel kernel; public IOCControllerFactory() { kernel = new StandardKernel(new NanocrmContainer()); } protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { if (controllerType == null) return base.GetControllerInstance(requestContext, controllerType); var controller = kernel.TryGet(controllerType) as IController; if (controller == null) return base.GetControllerInstance(requestContext, controllerType); var standartController = controller as Controller; if (standartController is IIoCController) ((IIoCController)standartController).SetIoc(kernel); return standartController; } class NanocrmContainer : Ninject.Modules.NinjectModule { public override void Load() { // ... Bind<DomainModel.Entities.db>().ToSelf().InRequestScope().WithConstructorArgument("connection", "Data Source=lims;Initial Catalog=nanocrm;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=***;Password=***"); } } } In this case if somewhere it is the class, defined like: public class UserRepository : IUserRepository { private db dataContext; private IUserGroupRepository userGroupRepository; public UserRepository(db dataContext, IUserGroupRepository userGroupRepository) { this.dataContext = dataContext; this.userGroupRepository = userGroupRepository; } } then the dataContext instance is created (if no one was created in this request scope) by Ninject. So the trouble now is - where to invoke dataContext method .Dispose()?

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• To know is the object already retrieved in inject

  - by zerkms

  Is it possible to know that particular dependency already has been satisfied by ninject kernel? To be clear: Let's suppose we have this module: Bind<IA>().To<A>(); Bind<IB>().To<B>(); And some "client"-code: var a = kernel.Get<IA>(); // how to get here "true" for assumption: "IA was requested (once)" // and "false" for: "IB was not requested ever"

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• Resolving a Generic with a Generic parameter in Castle Windsor

  - by Aaron Fischer

  I am trying to register a type like IRequestHandler1[GenericTestRequest1[T]] which will be implemented by GenericTestRequestHandler`1[T] but I am currently getting an error from Windsor "Castle.MicroKernel.ComponentNotFoundException : No component for supporting the service " Is this type of operation supported? Or is it to far removed from the suppored register( Component.For(typeof( IList<).ImplementedBy( typeof( List< ) ) ) below is an example of a breaking test. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// public interface IRequestHandler{} public interface IRequestHandler<TRequest> : IRequestHandler where TRequest : Request{} public class GenericTestRequest<T> : Request{} public class GenericTestRequestHandler<T> : RequestHandler<GenericTestRequest<T>>{} [TestFixture] public class ComponentRegistrationTests{ [Test] public void DoNotAutoRegisterGenericRequestHandler(){ var IOC = new Castle.Windsor.WindsorContainer(); var type = typeof( IRequestHandler<> ).MakeGenericType( typeof( GenericTestRequest<> ) ); IOC.Register( Component.For( type ).ImplementedBy( typeof( GenericTestRequestHandler<> ) ) ); var requestHandler = IoC.Container.Resolve( typeof(IRequestHandler<GenericTestRequest<String>>)); Assert.IsInstanceOf <IRequestHandler<GenericTestRequest<String>>>( requestHandler ); Assert.IsNotNull( requestHandler ); } }

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• Correctly use dependency injection

  - by Rune

  Me and two other colleagues are trying to understand how to best design a program. For example, I have an interface ISoda and multiple classes that implement that interface like Coke, Pepsi, DrPepper, etc.... My colleague is saying that it's best to put these items into a database like a key/value pair. For example: Key | Name -------------------------------------- Coke | my.namespace.Coke, MyAssembly Pepsi | my.namespace.Pepsi, MyAssembly DrPepper | my.namespace.DrPepper, MyAssembly ... then have XML configuration files that map the input to the correct key, query the database for the key, then create the object. I don't have any specific reasons, but I just feel that this is a bad design, but I don't know what to say or how to correctly argue against it. My second colleague is suggesting that we micro-manage each of these classes. So basically the input would go through a switch statement, something similiar to this: ISoda soda; switch (input) { case "Coke": soda = new Coke(); break; case "Pepsi": soda = new Pepsi(); break; case "DrPepper": soda = new DrPepper(); break; } This seems a little better to me, but I still think there is a better way to do it. I've been reading up on IoC containers the last few days and it seems like a good solution. However, I'm still very new to dependency injection and IoC containers, so I don't know how to correctly argue for it. Or maybe I'm the wrong one and there's a better way to do it? If so, can someone suggest a better method? What kind of arguments can I bring to the table to convince my colleagues to try another method? What are the pros/cons? Why should we do it one way? Unfortunately, my colleagues are very resistant to change so I'm trying to figure out how I can convince them.

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• Asp.net Mvc: Ninject - IPrincipal

  - by Pickels

  Hello, I was wondering how I could bind the IPrincipal to HttpContext.Current.User in Asp.net Mvc with Ninject. Friendly greetings, Pickels Edit: Not sure if it matters but I use my own CustomPrincipal class.

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• IoC & Interfaces Best Practices

  - by n8wrl

  I'm experimenting with IoC on my way to TDD by fiddling with an existing project. In a nutshell, my question is this: what are the best practices around IoC when public and non-public methods are of interest? There are two classes: public abstract class ThisThingBase { public virtual void Method1() {} public virtual void Method2() {} public ThatThing GetThat() { return new ThatThing(this); } internal virtual void Method3() {} internal virtual void Method4() {} } public class Thathing { public ThatThing(ThisThingBase thing) { m_thing = thing; } ... } ThatThing does some stuff using its ThisThingBase reference to call methods that are often overloaded by descendents of ThisThingBase. Method1 and Method2 are public. Method3 and Method4 are internal and only used by ThatThings. I would like to test ThatThing without ThisThing and vice-versa. Studying up on IoC my first thought was that I should define an IThing interface, implement it by ThisThingBase and pass it to the ThatThing constructor. IThing would be the public interface clients could call but it doesn't include Method3 or Method4 that ThatThing also needs. Should I define a 2nd interface - IThingInternal maybe - for those two methods and pass BOTH interfaces to ThatThing?

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• Which Dependency Injection Tool Should I Use? (2)

  - by Mendy

  The original post is: Which Dependency Injection Tool Should I Use? While the original post is good, in this days I see a lot of people using StructureMap as their Dependency Injection tool, and in the original post no one even took it seriously. In addition, this quote: If I had to choose today: I would probably go with StructureMap. It has the best support for C# 3.0 language features, and the most flexibility in initialization. Which Dependency Injection Tool Should I Use? Out of this ones: Unity Framework - Microsoft StructureMap - Jeremy Miller Castle Windsor NInject Spring Framework Autofac Managed Extensibility Framework

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• Question about mixing MEF and Unity

  - by Dave

  I'm finally diving into Unity head first, and have run into my first real problem. I've been gradually changing some things in my app from being MEF-resolved to Unity-resolved. Everything went fine on the application side, but then I realized that my plugins were not being loaded. I started to look into this issue, and I believe it's a case where MEF and Unity don't mix. Plugins are loaded by MEF, but each plugin needs to get access to the shared libraries in my application, like app preferences, logging, etc. Initially, my plugin constructor had the ImportingConstructor attribute. I then replaced it with InjectionConstructor so that Unity could resolve its shared library dependencies. But because I did that, MEF no longer loaded it! Then I used both attributes, which compiled, but then I got a composition error (MEF). I figured that this was because the constructor takes a parameter that was once resolved by a MEF Import, so I removed all parameters. As expected, now MEF was able to load my plugin, but because the constructor needs to call into the interface that was once passed in, construction fails. So now I'm at a point where I can get MEF to start to load my plugin, but can't do anything with it because the plugin relies on shared libraries that are registered with Unity. For those of you that have successfully mixed MEF and Unity, how do you go about resolving the references to the shared libraries with Unity? It seems like a catch-22, where in order to have Unity work with the plugin, I'd have to create the plugin via Resolve, but then it's impossible to use MEF. UPDATE I can work around this problem by using an ImportingConstructor for the plugin that takes an IUnityContainer, and then call Resolve for each interface that I need, but although it works, it is incredibly lame to do it this way, as this would require all plugin authors to remember to save a reference to the passed in IUnityContainer...

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• ASP.NET MVC Using Castle Windsor IoC

  - by Mad Halfling

  I have an app, modelled on the one from Apress Pro ASP.NET MVC that uses castle windsor's IoC to instantiate the controllers with their respective repositories, and this is working fine e.g. public class ItemController : Controller { private IItemsRepository itemsRepository; public ItemController(IItemsRepository windsorItemsRepository) { this.itemsRepository = windsorItemsRepository; } with using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using Castle.Windsor; using Castle.Windsor.Configuration.Interpreters; using Castle.Core.Resource; using System.Reflection; using Castle.Core; namespace WebUI { public class WindsorControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { WindsorContainer container; // The constructor: // 1. Sets up a new IoC container // 2. Registers all components specified in web.config // 3. Registers all controller types as components public WindsorControllerFactory() { // Instantiate a container, taking configuration from web.config container = new WindsorContainer(new XmlInterpreter(new ConfigResource("castle"))); // Also register all the controller types as transient var controllerTypes = from t in Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes() where typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(t) select t; foreach (Type t in controllerTypes) container.AddComponentWithLifestyle(t.FullName, t, LifestyleType.Transient); } // Constructs the controller instance needed to service each request protected override IController GetControllerInstance(Type controllerType) { return (IController)container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } controlling the controller creation. I sometimes need to create other repository instances within controllers, to pick up data from other places, can I do this using the CW IoC, if so then how? I have been playing around with the creation of new controller classes, as they should auto-register with my existing code (if I can get this working, I can register them properly later) but when I try to instantiate them there is an obvious objection as I can't supply a repos class for the constructor (I was pretty sure that was the wrong way to go about it anyway). Any help (especially examples) would be much appreciated. Cheers MH

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• Injecting Subsonic SimpleRepository class to controller

  - by ryudice

  Hi, I'm tryingot get started with IoC, I have an MVC project in which is use subsonic, I'm trying to inject subsonic simplerepository to my controllers but I'm getting this error: StructureMap Exception Code: 205 Missing requested Instance property "connectionStringName" for InstanceKey "60b735fb-0a7f-4eb4-be04-635f6f32233d" Here is my registry class: public class RepositoryRegistry : Registry { protected override void configure() { ForRequestedType<IRepository>().TheDefault.Is.OfConcreteType(typeof(SimpleRepository)); } } And here is my controller factory: public class StoreControllerFactory: DefaultControllerFactory { protected override IController GetControllerInstance(Type controllerType) { IController result = null; if (controllerType!=null) { result = ObjectFactory.GetInstance(controllerType) as Controller; } return result; } } And this is how I configure StructureMap: protected void Application_Start() { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); ObjectFactory.Initialize(x=> { x.AddRegistry(new RepositoryRegistry()); }); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new StoreControllerFactory()); var sparkSettings = new SparkSettings().SetDebug(true).AddNamespace("System.Web.Mvc.Html"); ViewEngines.Engines.Clear(); ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new SparkViewFactory(sparkSettings)); } Any help would be appreciated! Thanks!

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• Write binary data as a response in an ASP.NET MVC web control

  - by Lou Franco

  I am trying to get a control that I wrote for ASP.NET to work in an ASP.NET MVC environment. Normally, the control does the normal thing, and that works fine Sometimes it needs to respond by clearing the response, writing an image to the response stream and changing the content type. When you do this, you get an exception "OutputStream is not available when a custom TextWriter is used". If I were a page or controller, I see how I can create custom responses with binary data, but I can't see how to do this from inside a control's render functions. To simplify it -- imagine I want to make a web control that renders to: <img src="pageThatControlIsOn?controlImage"> And I know how to look at incoming requests and recognize query strings that should be routed to the control. Now the control is supposed to respond with a generated image (content-type: image/png -- and the encoded image). In ASP.NET, we: Response.Clear(); Response.OutputStream.Write(thePngData); // this throws in MVC // set the content type, etc Response.End(); How am I supposed to do that in an ASP.NET MVC control?

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• Must Dependency Injection come at the expense of Encapsulation?

  - by urig

  If I understand correctly, the typical mechanism for Dependency Injection is to inject either through a class' constructor or through a public property (member) of the class. This exposes the dependency being injected and violates the OOP principle of encapsulation. Am I correct in identifying this tradeoff? How do you deal with this issue? Please also see my answer to my own question below.

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• Unity Framework: How to Instantiate two classes from the same Interface?

  - by jerry

  I have one interface with 2 classes implementing it, I need to load each class but unity has: m_unityContainer.Resolve() // Where is the interface IGeneric my config looks like: <type type="IGeneric" mapTo="ClassA"> </type> <type type="IGeneric" mapTo="ClassB"> </type> any ideas? thanks

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• inject different implementations by logged User Role

  - by Omu

  public class TheController : Controller { IThe the; public TheController( IThe the) { //when User.IsInRole("r1") The1 should be injected else r2 this.the = the; } } public class The1 : IThe{} public class The2 : IThe{} //anybody knows a good way of doing this ?

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• Handling dependencies with IoC that change within a single function call

  - by Jess

  We are trying to figure out how to setup Dependency Injection for situations where service classes can have different dependencies based on how they are used. In our specific case, we have a web app where 95% of the time the connection string is the same for the entire Request (this is a web application), but sometimes it can change. For example, we might have 2 classes with the following dependencies (simplified version - service actually has 4 dependencies): public LoginService (IUserRepository userRep) { } public UserRepository (IContext dbContext) { } In our IoC container, most of our dependencies are auto-wired except the Context for which I have something like this (not actual code, it's from memory ... this is StructureMap): x.ForRequestedType().Use() .WithCtorArg("connectionString").EqualTo(Session["ConnString"]); For 95% of our web application, this works perfectly. However, we have some admin-type functions that must operate across thousands of databases (one per client). Basically, we'd want to do this: public CreateUserList(IList<string> connStrings) { foreach (connString in connStrings) { //first create dependency graph using new connection string ???? //then call service method on new database _loginService.GetReportDataForAllUsers(); } } My question is: How do we create that new dependency graph for each time through the loop, while maintaining something that can easily be tested?

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• How to use Dependency Injection with ASP.NET

  - by Schneider

  I am trying to work out a way to use Dependency Injection with ASP.NET controls. I have got lots of controls that create repositories directly, and use those to access and bind to data etc. I am looking for a pattern where I can pass repositories to the controls externally (IoC), so my controls remain unaware of how repositories are constructed and where they come from etc. I would prefer not to have a dependency on the IoC container from my controls, therefore I just want to be able to construct the controls with constructor or property injection. (And just to complicate things, these controls are being constructed and placed on the page by a CMS at runtime!) Any thoughts?

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• How do you reconcile IDisposable and IoC?

  - by Mr. Putty

  I'm finally wrapping my head around IoC and DI in C#, and am struggling with some of the edges. I'm using the Unity container, but I think this question applies more broadly. Using an IoC container to dispense instances that implement IDisposable freaks me out! How are you supposed to know if you should Dispose()? The instance might have been created just for you (and therefor you should Dispose() it), or it could be an instance whose lifetime is managed elsewhere (and therefor you'd better not). Nothing in the code tells you, and in fact this could change based on configuration!!! This seems deadly to me. Can any IoC experts out there describe good ways to handle this ambiguity?

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• Simple factory to retrieve files using constructor dependency injection

  - by mrblah

  I want to create a class, that is flexible so I can switch implementations. Problem: Store files/documents Options: either store locally on the server filesystem, database or etc. Can someone help with a skeleton structure of the class, and how I would call it? I am not using an IoC, and don't really want to just yet. I just want the flexibility where I would make maybe 1 code change in the factory to call another implementation.

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• Does Castle-Windsor support ForwardedTypes via XML configuration

  - by Dan

  I have a class that implements multiple interfaces. I would like to register these interfaces via XML. All I've found is documentation for the new Fluent Interface. Is this option supported via XML? What would be involved in adding this feature?

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• How to not pass around the container when using IoC in Winforms

  - by L2Type

  I'm new to the world of IoC and having a problem with implementing it in a Winforms application. I have an extremely basic application Winform application that uses MVC, it is one controller that does all the work and a working dialog (obviously with a controller). So I load all my classes in to my IoC container in program.cs and create the main form controller using the container. But this is where I am having problems, I only want to create the working dialog controller when it's used and inside a using statement. At first I passed in the container but I've read this is bad practice and more over the container is a static and I want to unit test this class. So how do you create classes in a unit test friendly way without passing in the container, I was considering the abstract factory pattern but that alone would solve my problem without using the IoC. I'm not using any famous framework, I borrowed a basic one from this blog post http://www.kenegozi.com/Blog/2008/01/17/its-my-turn-to-build-an-ioc-container-in-15-minutes-and-33-lines.aspx How do I do this with IoC? Is this the wrong use for IoC?

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